353 lines
48 KiB
XML
353 lines
48 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="CB99F7E863A6B5C79F5F84D52AED3609">A synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Paraguay</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BDC9E0390A4DBDBFEB76B94DE0019B1C">Ríos, Sergio D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="97219FD678A3D5014D8AE75D21C2083F">González, Jorge M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="25F9A53EDE22E8BA6797DAC7003F3F60">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3543DDF6B24A76AC8CAABF09FE956064">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C4E64DFFB1D923FF3669D5FC66FE22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6188108" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119418849" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6188108" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C4E64DFFB1D923FF3669D5FC66FE22" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C4E64DFFB1D923FF3669D5FC66FE22" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFB1D924FF3669D5FE1AFD45" box="[151,495,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB1D924FF3669D5FE1AFD45" blockId="3.[151,495,655,716]" box="[151,495,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="D09AE037FFB1D924FF3669D5FE1AFD45" bold="true" box="[151,495,655,680]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FF3669D5FE1AFD45" ID-CoL="3PHNX" authority="Kollar, 1839" authorityName="Kollar" authorityYear="1839" box="[151,495,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Imara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satrapes">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FF3669D5FE1AFD45" bold="true" box="[151,495,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FF3669D5FEB1FD4A" bold="true" box="[151,324,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Imara satrapes</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FEF269CAFE12FD45" author="Kollar, V." box="[339,487,655,680]" firstAuthor="Kollar" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="213 - 218" part="2" refId="ref12667" refString="Kollar, V. (1839) Lepidopterorum Brasilia especies novae iconibus illustratae. Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte 2, 213 - 218." title="Lepidopterorum Brasilia especies novae iconibus illustratae" type="journal article" year="1839">Kollar, 1839</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFB1D924FF3669F1FF1EFD21" box="[151,235,692,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB1D924FF3669F1FF1EFD21" blockId="3.[151,495,655,716]" box="[151,235,692,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13564BDEFFB1D924FF3E69F1FF16FD21" box="[159,227,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 9" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1832,1855]" captionTargetBox="[220,1346,261,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1811]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 9. Adults of Castniidae. 2. Imara satrapes Kollar, 3, Itapúa, Paraguay (MNHNPY); 3. Synpalamides phalaris (Fabricius), 3, Asunción, Paraguay (FCA / DE); 4. Synpalamides rubrophalaris (Houlbert), 3, Alto Paraná, Paraguay (MNHNPY); 5. Castnia invaria penelope Schaufuss (White morph), 3, Sapucay, Paraguay (MGCL); 6. Castnia invaria penelope Schaufuss (red morph), 3, Ypacaraí, Paraguay (FCA / DE); 7. Castnia juturna Hopffer, 3, Argentina (MACN); 8. Telchin licus laura (H. Druce), 3, Canindeyú, Paraguay (MNHNPY); 9. Riechia acraeoides (Guérin-Méneville), 3, Asunción, Paraguay (MNHNPY)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278916/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFB1D924FF3669B9FD80FBEA" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB1D924FF3669B9FE32FCFC" blockId="3.[151,651,763,1031]" box="[151,455,763,786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FF3669B9FE32FCFC" ID-CoL="967LP" authority="Kollar, 1839" authorityName="Kollar" authorityYear="1839" box="[151,455,763,786]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satrapes">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FF3669B9FEB7FCFF" box="[151,322,764,786]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Castnia satrapes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FEE969BEFE32FCFC" author="Kollar, V." box="[328,455,763,785]" firstAuthor="Kollar" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="213 - 218" part="2" refId="ref12667" refString="Kollar, V. (1839) Lepidopterorum Brasilia especies novae iconibus illustratae. Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte 2, 213 - 218." title="Lepidopterorum Brasilia especies novae iconibus illustratae" type="journal article" year="1839">Kollar, 1839</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB1D924FF36685EFE24FCDD" blockId="3.[151,651,763,1031]" box="[151,465,794,816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FF36685EFE24FCDD" ID-CoL="967HN" authority="Preiss, 1899" authorityName="Preiss" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,465,794,816]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catharina">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FF36685EFEBAFCDD" box="[151,335,794,816]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Castnia catharina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FEF5685FFE24FCDD" author="Preiss, P." bookContentInfo="11 pp." box="[340,465,794,816]" firstAuthor="Preiss" journalOrPublisher="Ludwigshafen a / Rhein, Autor" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" refId="ref13388" refString="Preiss, P. (1899) Neue und seltene Arten des Lepidopteren-Genus Castnia. Ludwigshafen a / Rhein, Autor. 11 pp." title="Neue und seltene Arten des Lepidopteren-Genus Castnia" type="book" year="1899">Preiss, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB1D924FF36687FFDB5FCA2" blockId="3.[151,651,763,1031]" box="[151,576,825,847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FF36687FFDB5FCA2" ID-CoL="967LP" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,576,825,847]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" forma="aberrans" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="forma" species="satrapes">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FF36687FFEB7FCA2" box="[151,322,826,847]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Castnia satrapes</emphasis>
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f.
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FEFC687CFE4CFCA2" box="[349,441,825,847]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">aberrans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FE1E687CFDB5FCA2" author="Strand, E." box="[447,576,825,847]" editor="Seitz, A." firstAuthor="Strand" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgart, A. Kernen" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="7 - 17" part="1" refId="ref13605" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F., In: Seitz, A. (ed.). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Stuttgart, A. Kernen 6 (1), pp. 7 - 17." title="Gattung: Castnia F." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde" year="1913">Strand, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB1D924FF36681CFD92FC80" blockId="3.[151,651,763,1031]" box="[151,615,856,878]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FF36681CFD92FC80" ID-CoL="967LP" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,615,856,878]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" forma="rufimaculata" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="forma" species="satrapes">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FF36681CFEB7FC83" box="[151,322,857,878]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Castnia satrapes</emphasis>
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f.
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FEFC681DFE15FC83" box="[349,480,856,878]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">rufimaculata</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FE47681DFD92FC80" author="Strand, E." box="[486,615,856,878]" editor="Seitz, A." firstAuthor="Strand" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgart, A. Kernen" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="7 - 17" part="1" refId="ref13605" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F., In: Seitz, A. (ed.). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Stuttgart, A. Kernen 6 (1), pp. 7 - 17." title="Gattung: Castnia F." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde" year="1913">Strand, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB1D924FF366832FD93FC61" blockId="3.[151,651,763,1031]" box="[151,614,886,909]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FF366832FD93FC61" ID-CoL="967LP" authorityName="Jörgensen" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,614,886,909]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" forma="sapucaya" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="forma" species="satrapes">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FF366832FEB7FC60" box="[151,322,887,909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Castnia satrapes</emphasis>
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f.
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FEFC683DFE48FC60" box="[349,445,888,909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">sapucaya</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FE626832FD93FC61" author="Jorgensen, P." box="[451,614,887,908]" firstAuthor="Jorgensen" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="175 - 180" part="3" refId="ref12562" refString="Jorgensen, P. (1930) Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 3 (14), 175 - 180." title="Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay" type="journal article" year="1930">Jörgensen, 1930</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB1D924FF3668D3FD95FC47" blockId="3.[151,651,763,1031]" box="[151,608,917,939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FF3668D3FD95FC47" ID-CoL="967LP" authority="Niepelt, 1932" authorityName="Niepelt" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,608,917,939]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satrapes">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FF3668D3FEB7FC46" box="[151,322,918,939]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Castnia satrapes</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FED568D3FE25FC46" box="[372,464,918,939]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">pomposa</emphasis>
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||
Niepelt, 1932
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||
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB1D924FF3668F1FD7EFC24" blockId="3.[151,651,763,1031]" box="[151,651,947,970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FF3668F1FD7EFC24" authority="Schweiser & Kay, 1941" authorityName="Schweiser & Kay" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,651,947,970]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="satrapes" subSpecies="insolita">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FF3668F1FE61FC27" box="[151,404,948,970]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Castnia satrapes insolita</emphasis>
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Schweiser & Kay, 1941
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB1D924FF366896FDD9FC05" blockId="3.[151,651,763,1031]" box="[151,556,978,1000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FF366896FE2AFC05" authority="J.Y.Miller, 1995" authorityName="J.Y.Miller" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,479,978,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapuca">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FF366896FEC1FC05" box="[151,308,979,1000]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Castnia sapuca</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FE9B6897FE2AFC05" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[314,479,978,1000]" editor="Heppner, J. B." journalOrPublisher="Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publications, Gainesville, USA" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref13133" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (ed.). Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publications, Gainesville, USA, pp. 133 - 137, 176 - 177." title="Castniidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera" year="1995">
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J.
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<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB1D924FEE66897FEAFFC05" box="[327,346,978,1000]" name="Italy" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Y</collectingCountry>
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||
.Miller, 1995
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, missp.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB1D924FF3668B7FD80FBEA" blockId="3.[151,651,763,1031]" box="[151,629,1009,1031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FF3668B7FDD0FBEA" ID-CoL="3PHNV" authority="Lamas, 1995" authorityName="Lamas" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,549,1009,1031]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Imara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="satrapes" subSpecies="catharina">
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||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FF3668B7FE6FFBEA" box="[151,410,1009,1031]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Imara satrapes catharina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FE0168B7FDD0FBEA" author="Lamas, G." box="[416,549,1009,1031]" firstAuthor="Lamas" journalOrPublisher="Revista Peruana de Entomologia" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="73 - 87" part="37" refId="ref12831" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller's Checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." title="A critical review of J. Y. Miller's Checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera)" type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FD8E68B7FD80FBEA" bold="true" box="[559,629,1010,1031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22A3632FFB1D924FD8E68B7FD80FBEA" box="[559,629,1010,1031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFB1D924FF366F76FEFEF939" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB1D924FF366F76FEFEF939" blockId="3.[151,1436,1075,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FF366F76FE8EFBA1" bold="true" box="[151,379,1075,1100]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Taxonomic history.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FE236F71FDE2FBA1" author="Preiss, P." bookContentInfo="11 pp." box="[386,535,1076,1100]" firstAuthor="Preiss" journalOrPublisher="Ludwigshafen a / Rhein, Autor" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" refId="ref13388" refString="Preiss, P. (1899) Neue und seltene Arten des Lepidopteren-Genus Castnia. Ludwigshafen a / Rhein, Autor. 11 pp." title="Neue und seltene Arten des Lepidopteren-Genus Castnia" type="book" year="1899">Preiss (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FC9B6F71FC53FBA1" ID-CoL="967HN" box="[826,934,1076,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catharina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FC9B6F71FC53FBA1" box="[826,934,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">catharina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FC776F70FB57FBA1" ID-CoL="967HN" box="[982,1186,1076,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catharina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FC776F70FB57FBA1" box="[982,1186,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Castnia catharina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) based on color differences with the nominate subspecies and illustrated a female with a band of red spots on the hind wings which are not present in the material later studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FD2C6F39FCD8FB79" author="Strand, E." box="[653,813,1148,1172]" editor="Seitz, A." firstAuthor="Strand" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgart, A. Kernen" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="7 - 17" part="1" refId="ref13605" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F., In: Seitz, A. (ed.). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Stuttgart, A. Kernen 6 (1), pp. 7 - 17." title="Gattung: Castnia F." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde" year="1913">Strand (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FC9A6F39FC2DFB79" author="Strand, E." box="[827,984,1148,1172]" editor="Seitz, A." firstAuthor="Strand" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgart, A. Kernen" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="7 - 17" part="1" refId="ref13605" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F., In: Seitz, A. (ed.). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Stuttgart, A. Kernen 6 (1), pp. 7 - 17." title="Gattung: Castnia F." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde" year="1913">Strand (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
states this particular subspecies differs from the nominate one in having a hindwing median band “light yellow instead of orange”. He also mentions that the red spots could be a sexual difference present always in females but only occasionally in males (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FAA36F81FA65FB31" author="Strand, E." box="[1282,1424,1220,1244]" editor="Seitz, A." firstAuthor="Strand" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgart, A. Kernen" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="7 - 17" part="1" refId="ref13605" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F., In: Seitz, A. (ed.). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Stuttgart, A. Kernen 6 (1), pp. 7 - 17." title="Gattung: Castnia F." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde" year="1913">Strand 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FF366FACFEACFB12" author="Jorgensen, P." box="[151,345,1255,1281]" firstAuthor="Jorgensen" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="175 - 180" part="3" refId="ref12562" refString="Jorgensen, P. (1930) Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 3 (14), 175 - 180." title="Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay" type="journal article" year="1930">Jörgensen (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reports that this is a rare subspecies but few specimens were collected by Höhn in the forests of Mbuvevo, Guairá Department.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FE5C6E48FD6BFAC9" author="Breyer, A." box="[509,670,1292,1317]" firstAuthor="Breyer" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="7,207 - 208" refId="ref11576" refString="Breyer, A. (1935) Apuntes sobre Castniidae (Lep.) Argentinos. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 7,207 - 208." title="Apuntes sobre Castniidae (Lep.) Argentinos" type="book" year="1935">Breyer (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions that he collected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FC7F6E49FBBEFAC9" ID-CoL="967HN" box="[990,1099,1292,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catharina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FC7F6E49FBBEFAC9" box="[990,1099,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">catharina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Puerto Aguirre, Misiones,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB1D924FF366E6AFEFFFAAA" box="[151,266,1327,1351]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FEB46E74FE22FAAA" author="Jorgensen, P." box="[277,471,1327,1353]" firstAuthor="Jorgensen" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="175 - 180" part="3" refId="ref12562" refString="Jorgensen, P. (1930) Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 3 (14), 175 - 180." title="Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay" type="journal article" year="1930">Jörgensen (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described also the new form
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FC866E74FC65FAA5" box="[807,912,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">sapucaya</emphasis>
|
||
based on a specimen collected by Heinrich in Sapucay, Paraguarí Department.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FDB86E11FD44FA81" author="Miller, J. Y." bookContentInfo="571 pp." box="[537,689,1364,1388]" firstAuthor="Miller" journalOrPublisher="Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" refId="ref13088" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. 571 pp." title="The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae)" type="book" year="1986">Miller (1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FD636E11FD0EFA81" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[706,763,1364,1388]" editor="Heppner, J. B." firstAuthor="Miller" journalOrPublisher="Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publications, Gainesville, USA" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref13133" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (ed.). Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publications, Gainesville, USA, pp. 133 - 137, 176 - 177." title="Castniidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) does not consider
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FC4E6E10FBACFA81" box="[1007,1113,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">sapucaya</emphasis>
|
||
[erroneously mentioned as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FF366E3CFF13FA7D" box="[151,230,1401,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FF366E3CFF13FA7D" box="[151,230,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">sapuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FEAF6E3DFE5FFA7D" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[270,426,1400,1424]" editor="Heppner, J. B." firstAuthor="Miller" journalOrPublisher="Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publications, Gainesville, USA" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref13133" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (ed.). Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publications, Gainesville, USA, pp. 133 - 137, 176 - 177." title="Castniidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera" year="1995">Miller (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FE4D6E3DFDACFA7D" ID-CoL="967HN" box="[492,601,1400,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catharina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FE4D6E3DFDACFA7D" box="[492,601,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">catharina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as valid subspecies placing them as synonyms. The topotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FAE46E3DFF03FA59" ID-CoL="967LP" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satrapes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FAE46E3DFF03FA59" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Castnia satrapes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB1D924FEB46ED9FEAEFA59" box="[277,347,1436,1460]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Brasil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Mato Grosso, [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FDAA6ED9FD83FA59" ID-CoL="92QBM" authority="Bela" authorityName="Bela" box="[523,630,1436,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vila Bela</taxonomicName>
|
||
da Santíssima Trindade], [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE59319CFFB1D924FC3E6ED9FC0CFA59" box="[927,1017,1436,1460]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="-15.0">15º00'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE59319CFFB1D924FBA56ED9FB91FA59" box="[1028,1124,1436,1460]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="-59.95">59º57'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C95FABEFFB1D924FBCE6ED9FB40FA59" box="[1135,1205,1436,1460]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="200.0">200m</quantity>
|
||
], west of Cuiabá and north of Pantanal, far from the locality from where f.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FD556E85FC94FA35" ID-CoL="967HN" box="[756,865,1472,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catharina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FD556E85FC94FA35" box="[756,865,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">catharina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rio Grande do Sul) was described. Based on that premise (Lamas, pers. comm.),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FDA06EA0FD6AFA11" author="Lamas, G." box="[513,671,1508,1532]" firstAuthor="Lamas" journalOrPublisher="Revista Peruana de Entomologia" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="73 - 87" part="37" refId="ref12831" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller's Checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." title="A critical review of J. Y. Miller's Checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera)" type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reinstated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FCBF6EA1FC7FFA11" ID-CoL="967HN" box="[798,906,1508,1532]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catharina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FCBF6EA1FC7FFA11" box="[798,906,1508,1532]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">catharina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a valid subspecies while considering
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FAFF6EA0FF39F9CD" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">sapucaya</emphasis>
|
||
a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FED86D4CFE04F9CD" ID-CoL="967LP" box="[377,497,1545,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satrapes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FED86D4CFE04F9CD" box="[377,497,1545,1568]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">I. satrapes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The hindwing coloration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FCE36D4CFC1BF9CD" ID-CoL="3PHNX" box="[834,1006,1545,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Imara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satrapes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FCE36D4CFC1BF9CD" box="[834,1006,1545,1568]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Imara satrapes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is highly variable, and we do not see much sense in considering the Santa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FD9A6D69FD5EF9A9" ID-CoL="967HN" box="[571,683,1580,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catharina">Catharina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB1D924FD196D69FD09F9A9" box="[696,764,1580,1604]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB1D924FC946D68FC68F9A8" box="[821,925,1581,1605]" name="Paraguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens as a separate subspecies. Furthermore,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FF7E6D15FDE6F985" author="Miller, J. Y." bookContentInfo="571 pp." box="[223,531,1616,1640]" journalOrPublisher="Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" refId="ref13088" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. 571 pp." title="The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae)" type="book" year="1986">Miller (1986; pers. comm.)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied large series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FCBD6D14FC66F985" ID-CoL="3PHNX" box="[796,915,1617,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Imara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satrapes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FCBD6D14FC66F985" box="[796,915,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">I. satrapes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which allowed her to notice how variable the species is and also to include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FE4D6D31FDACF961" ID-CoL="967HN" box="[492,601,1652,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catharina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FE4D6D31FDACF961" box="[492,601,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">catharina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as synonym, thus we prefer to follow
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FBB46D31FB5DF961" author="Miller, J. Y." bookContentInfo="571 pp." box="[1045,1192,1652,1676]" firstAuthor="Miller" journalOrPublisher="Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" refId="ref13088" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. 571 pp." title="The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae)" type="book" year="1986">Miller (1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FB156D31FB18F961" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1204,1261,1652,1676]" editor="Heppner, J. B." firstAuthor="Miller" journalOrPublisher="Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publications, Gainesville, USA" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref13133" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (ed.). Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publications, Gainesville, USA, pp. 133 - 137, 176 - 177." title="Castniidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) on this regard and consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FE976DDCFDAAF95D" ID-CoL="3PHNV" box="[310,607,1688,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Imara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="satrapes" subSpecies="catharina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FE976DDCFDAAF95D" box="[310,607,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Imara satrapes catharina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FD2F6DDDFCC3F95D" bold="true" box="[654,822,1688,1712]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">new synonym</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FCC46DDCFC14F95D" ID-CoL="3PHNX" box="[869,993,1689,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Imara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satrapes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FCC46DDCFC14F95D" box="[869,993,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">I. satrapes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until a more detailed study indicates otherwise.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFB1D924FF646D9AFA67F841" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB1D924FF646D9AFA87F8AD" blockId="3.[151,1436,1075,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FF646D9AFEABF915" bold="true" box="[197,350,1759,1784]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is known to be sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FCFC6DA4FB04F915" authority="Eschscholtz, 1821" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1821" box="[861,1265,1760,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Imara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallasia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FCFC6DA4FBF0F915" box="[861,1029,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Imara pallasia</emphasis>
|
||
(Eschscholtz, 1821)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They are both commonly found in the southeastern region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB1D924FD026C41FD1DF8F1" box="[675,744,1796,1820]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and even though the color pattern of their forewings are quite different, their hindwings are highly variable and in cases might be sligthly similar to each other (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FB7B6C6DFA90F8AD" author="Miller, J. Y." bookContentInfo="571 pp." box="[1242,1381,1832,1856]" firstAuthor="Miller" journalOrPublisher="Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" refId="ref13088" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. 571 pp." title="The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae)" type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB1D924FF646C08FA67F841" blockId="3.[151,1436,1075,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Even though we were able to examine just a few specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB1D924FC136C08FBEEF888" box="[946,1051,1869,1893]" name="Paraguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
, many have been collected and/or mentioned by a few authors in the past. Does this mean that the species used to be more common? Or is it just that collectors and entomologists have not been able to determine locations and/or times where adults emerge and fly?
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFB1D923FF646CF2FE0CFE89" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB1D923FF646CF2FE0CFE89" blockId="3.[151,1436,1075,2036]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,463]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FF646CF2FE3FF83D" bold="true" box="[197,458,1975,2000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Biology and behavior.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FE706CFCFD66F83D" author="Jorgensen, P." box="[465,659,1976,2001]" firstAuthor="Jorgensen" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="175 - 180" part="3" refId="ref12562" refString="Jorgensen, P. (1930) Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 3 (14), 175 - 180." title="Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay" type="journal article" year="1930">Jörgensen (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions that it frequently flies in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB1D924FB836CFCFB7FF83C" box="[1058,1162,1977,2001]" name="Paraguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
around plants of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FAFA6CFDFF23F819" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Caraguata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Caraguatá</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FF536C99FE67F819" box="[242,402,2012,2036]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FE016C99FDF2F819" box="[416,519,2012,2036]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Bromelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FE016C99FDF2F819" box="[416,519,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Bromelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.?,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FDFC6C98FD23F819" box="[605,726,2013,2036]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Caraguata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FDFC6C98FD23F819" box="[605,726,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Caraguata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.?,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB1D924FC8D6C99FC37F819" box="[812,962,2012,2036]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Pseudananas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB1D924FC8D6C99FC37F819" box="[812,962,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Pseudananas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.?).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB1D924FB8A6C99FB33F819" author="Miller, J. Y." bookContentInfo="571 pp." box="[1067,1222,2012,2036]" firstAuthor="Miller" journalOrPublisher="Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" refId="ref13088" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. 571 pp." title="The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae)" type="book" year="1986">Miller (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions that she found at the Museu Nacional-Rio de Janeiro,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB6D923FD376BD2FD28FF42" box="[662,733,151,175]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a pupal skin with a label stating that it was found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FA946BDDFF10FF39" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Bromelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simour">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FA946BDDFF10FF39" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Bromelia simour</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(an unknown plant species name, as far as we know. It might have been an erroneous translitteration) while an intact pupa had a label reading only “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FDC26B9AFCF0FF1A" box="[611,773,223,247]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
”.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FCBA6B9AFC13FF1A" author="Biezanko, C. M." box="[795,998,223,247]" firstAuthor="Biezanko" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos de Entomologia, Escola de Agronomia " Eliseu Maciel " (Pelotas) (B)" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="14,1 - 12" refId="ref11402" refString="Biezanko, C. M. (1961 b) Castniidae, Zygaenidae, Dalceridae, Eucleidae, Megalopygidae, Cossidae et Hepialidae da Zona Missioneira do Rio Grande do Sul. Arquivos de Entomologia, Escola de Agronomia " Eliseu Maciel " (Pelotas) (B), 14,1 - 12." title="Castniidae, Zygaenidae, Dalceridae, Eucleidae, Megalopygidae, Cossidae et Hepialidae da Zona Missioneira do Rio Grande do Sul" type="book" year="1961" yearSuffix="b">Biezanko (1961b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions that the larva of this species feeds on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FEA16A41FD21FEF1" authority="Lindl." authorityName="Lindl." box="[256,724,260,284]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Bromelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fastuosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FEA16A41FE38FEF1" box="[256,461,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Bromelia fastuosa</emphasis>
|
||
Lindl. (Bromeliaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This species has been recorded flying high (over
|
||
<quantity id="4C95FABEFFB6D923FAB76A41FAA5FEF1" box="[1302,1360,260,284]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
above ground) normally at mid-day (11:00
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FD8D6A6DFDCFFEAD" bold="true" box="[556,570,296,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">–</emphasis>
|
||
15:00) from November to February in Brazilian lowland and/or cloud forests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FF3F6A09FEDDFE89" author="Miller, J. Y." bookContentInfo="571 pp." box="[158,296,332,356]" firstAuthor="Miller" journalOrPublisher="Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refId="ref13088" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. 571 pp." title="The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae)" type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FE926A09FE19FE89" author="Biezanko, C. M." box="[307,492,332,356]" firstAuthor="Biezanko" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos de Entomologia, Escola de Agronomia " Eliseu Maciel " (Pelotas) (A)" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 12" part="14" refId="ref11346" refString="Biezanko, C. M. (1961 a) Castniidae, Zygaenidae, Dalceridae, Eucleidae, Megalopygidae, Cossidae et Hepialidae da Zona Sueste do Rio Grande do Sul. Arquivos de Entomologia, Escola de Agronomia " Eliseu Maciel " (Pelotas) (A), 14, 1 - 12." title="Castniidae, Zygaenidae, Dalceridae, Eucleidae, Megalopygidae, Cossidae et Hepialidae da Zona Sueste do Rio Grande do Sul" type="journal article" year="1961" yearSuffix="a">Biezanko 1961a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFB6D923FF6A6A2AFC66FE22" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB6D923FF6A6A2AFC66FE22" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,463]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FF6A6A2AFDD9FE65" bold="true" box="[203,556,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Material examined. GUAIRÁ</emphasis>
|
||
: 1Ƥ, “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB6D923FDD56A2AFD15FE6A" box="[628,736,367,391]" name="Paraguay" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Villarica”, A. Breyer Collection (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CCF9EFFB6D923FBFA6A2AFB6EFE6A" box="[1115,1179,367,391]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/66si-588n" name="Museo de La Plata" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MLP</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FB0D6A2AFAE0FE65" bold="true" box="[1196,1301,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">ITAPÚA</emphasis>
|
||
: 13, Estancia Nueva Gambach,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE59319CFFB6D923FE086AD1FDFDFE41" box="[425,520,404,428]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="-26.416666">26°25´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE59319CFFB6D923FDBB6AD1FD77FE41" box="[538,642,404,428]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="-55.666668">55°40´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFD3719BFFB6D923FD326AD1FCE9FE41" box="[659,796,404,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" value="2008-12-21">21.XII.2008</date>
|
||
(MNHNPY).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FC6A6AD6FB6CFE41" bold="true" box="[971,1177,403,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CCF9EFFB6D923FC6A6AD6FBE2FE41" box="[971,1047,403,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">ALTO</collectionCode>
|
||
PARANÁ
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: 13, Estancia Dimes
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE59319CFFB6D923FF366AF2FF00FE22" box="[151,245,439,463]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="-25.55">25°33’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE59319CFFB6D923FEA06AF2FE9DFE22" box="[257,360,439,463]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="-55.216667">55°13’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFD3719BFFB6D923FED26AF2FDDCFE22" box="[371,553,439,463]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" value="2005-12-19" valueMax="2005-12-23" valueMin="2005-12-19">19–23.XII.2005</date>
|
||
. Coll. U. Drechsel (MNHNPY);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |