1516 lines
172 KiB
XML
1516 lines
172 KiB
XML
<document id="96748136CEB859F131B3EB5B4B80E3D1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276845" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3ea15bde-bd57-4a15-b24e-ddd0d90202d2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276845" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460238628589" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zug, George R., Hamilton, Alison M. & Austin, Christopher C." docDate="2011" docId="03C487DEFB02C226A590FD806E439225" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02765p057.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2765" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Emoia tuitarere Zug, Hamilton & Austin, 2011, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="FFFDFFA6FB00C22EA507FFA26A5A9521" masterDocTitle="A new Emoia samoensis group lizard (Squamata: Scincidae) from the Cook Islands, South-central Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1698239987666" updateUser="plazi">
|
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<mods:mods id="8820A6F77F41341929D2949872D8FD00" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E2253A8103D6DFA953A5BF17E00A94C6">
|
||
<mods:title id="576607954878C0D67066314CAF3719F3">A new Emoia samoensis group lizard (Squamata: Scincidae) from the Cook Islands, South-central Pacific</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="D73D101916C9AFB3F5B1D6424294216F" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="46431929323905B56E9B5F0B6C6FC616">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A61E9CFA5C2B6E017116256D7C6CF92A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart id="E6409F677E6F47BAE51E98B4AB0C22AE">Zug, George R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="38920B38DDCA6BA7D06CE9E6F5C6571F" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="4E872E7A016730CEB6A260BDBD41D650">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5410A473EF639DF4E32ABF2A5E707D72">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart id="D76C7C0679E2D01C9F4E5D438EA25483">Hamilton, Alison M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="0DCFB19C9B49C0646C3233D979C865A0" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="0E5023E24B97BDE4D5B7E02381889B11">
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<mods:roleTerm id="ADB002EDCBFE227C587AC73002D776F6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9ED0599A2128039E226EE416B73015EF">Austin, Christopher C.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="5CFBB93257CDE28A2AC578081DAD1432">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="2E4F3FB73A92A9923B27C7D1D78B9AD5" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3DEF29525348964A096F4E560AE8114C">
|
||
<mods:title id="66CDDDCB6D080ACB6E6C5026ADBFAD6C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="C927F3174FC4A2681B53883112736257">
|
||
<mods:date id="AE1AEE3D1948506FECEFBA2F2E667D32">2011</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="8DD4A4456AC6C1EE20BC535BDA799491" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="4655FCDD9D63B57E3D66E678BC724DEE">2765</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="B1C680EA53667E9675723C519F8CE294" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="D4C78F3906F973F1A7FDE62BC1D43BDA">47</mods:start>
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||
<mods:end id="CE5349F8AAA19AF7E8D6BBD702FCF4A5">57</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="8C094FBA0AE37C40A663734CF0CE8C66">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="07051B2363A6AFA019178C15646A9E33" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276845</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="76877482875E584CA5631CE8C2FAFCA0" type="GBIF-Dataset">3ea15bde-bd57-4a15-b24e-ddd0d90202d2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7728B8FD090E7C123E72AE2CFB86296D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9E51DB0B159CDAABA51230560B09BE45" type="Zenodo-Dep">276845</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
|
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<treatment id="03C487DEFB02C226A590FD806E439225" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631569" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119389161" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631569" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C487DEFB02C226A590FD806E439225" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C487DEFB02C226A590FD806E439225" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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||
<subSubSection id="C3776543FB02C22CA590FD806AB1977C" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB02C22CA590FD8068B5971D" blockId="2.[151,751,546,605]" box="[151,751,546,572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<heading id="D09A81A4FB02C22CA590FD8068B5971D" bold="true" box="[151,751,546,572]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB02C22CA590FD8068B5971D" bold="true" box="[151,751,546,572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB02C22CA590FD806B0C971D" box="[151,342,546,572]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB02C22CA590FD806B0C971D" bold="true" box="[151,342,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Emoia tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22A57A1FB02C22CA45AFD806BC5971D" box="[349,415,546,572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Zug, Hamilton and Austin
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB02C22CA590FDE76AB1977C" blockId="2.[151,751,546,605]" box="[151,235,581,605]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13562A4DFB02C22CA598FDE76AB9977C" box="[159,227,581,605]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1833,1856]" captionTargetBox="[228,1361,788,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[228,1362,766,1814]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. The holotype of Emoia tuitarere n. sp., USNM 533712. A. dorsal aspect of whole body; B, dorsal aspect of head; C, lateral aspect of head." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276847/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3776543FB02C22DA590FD2F69D39736" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB02C22CA590FD2F6F0397E8" blockId="2.[151,1436,653,714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB02C22CA590FD2F6B199784" bold="true" box="[151,323,653,678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D6886AFB02C22CA590FD2F6A8A9784" box="[151,208,653,677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D6886AFB02C22CA44BFD2F6BE29784" box="[332,440,653,677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB02C22CA4C5FD2F68499784" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[450,531,653,677]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
533712, adult male from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB02C22CA630FD2F69979784" box="[823,973,653,677]" name="Cook Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Cook Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Rarotonga, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB02C22CA184FD2C6E9A9784" box="[1155,1216,653,677]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
|
||
. [by road] WSW of Avarua [estim.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE59500FFB02C22CA445FD136B9C97E8" box="[322,454,689,713]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" precision="15" value="-21.208334">21°12’30”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE59500FFB02C22CA4C9FD13682A97E8" box="[462,624,689,713]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" precision="15" value="-159.77556">159°46’32”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], collected by George R. Zug and Patricia B. Zug,
|
||
<date id="FFD31008FB02C22CA1A1FD136F0F97E8" box="[1190,1365,689,713]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" value="1999-03-19">19 March 1999</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF126640FB02C22CA590F88B6BC8927F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276847/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[228,1361,788,1790]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB02C22CA590F88B6BC8927F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1833,1886]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB02C22CA590F88B6B49921E" bold="true" box="[151,275,1833,1856]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
The holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB02C22CA4C5F88968389261" box="[450,610,1835,1856]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB02C22CA4C5F88968389261" box="[450,610,1835,1856]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Emoia tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB02C22CA76FF88868F8921E" bold="true" box="[616,674,1834,1855]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22A57A1FB02C22CA76FF88868F8921E" box="[616,674,1834,1855]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, USNM 533712. A. dorsal aspect of whole body; B, dorsal aspect of head; C, lateral aspect of head.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB02C22DA5C0F82E69D39736" blockId="2.[151,1436,1931,2028]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,2023]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D6886AFB02C22CA5C0F82E6B629285" box="[199,312,1932,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. All specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB02C22CA72AF829689F9282" box="[557,709,1931,1955]" name="Cook Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Cook Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Rarotonga.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB02C22CA650F82E69D79285" box="[855,909,1932,1956]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qhws-00k6" name="Auckland Institute and Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">AIM</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB02C22CA691F82969E69282" box="[918,956,1931,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">LH</collectionCode>
|
||
1896
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB02C22CA6FBF82E6E199285" box="[1020,1091,1932,1956]" name="Albania" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Avana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Valley by Brian Gill,
|
||
<date id="FFD31008FB02C22CA043F8296B7392E6" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" value="1995-09-28">28 September 1995</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB02C22CA430F80D6B3792E6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[311,365,1967,1991]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">CAS</collectionCode>
|
||
183322-325 Tupapa stream by Ted J. Case,
|
||
<date id="FFD31008FB02C22CA677F80D6E0892E6" box="[880,1106,1967,1991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" value="1991-09-15">15 September 1991</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB02C22CA158F80D6E9E92E6" box="[1119,1220,1967,1991]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4ksk-xsw5" name="San Diego Natural History Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">SDNHM</collectionCode>
|
||
66114-117,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB02C22CA052F8126FC692E9" box="[1365,1436,1968,1992]" name="Albania" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Avana</collectingCountry>
|
||
stream,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB02C22CA5F7F8716B0192CA" box="[240,347,2003,2027]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="km" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1 to 2 km</quantity>
|
||
W of mouth, by Gregory K. Pregill,
|
||
<date id="FFD31008FB02C22CA7FBF871699092CA" box="[764,970,2003,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" value="1987-11-04">4 November 1987</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB02C22CA6D1F8716E6192CA" box="[982,1083,2003,2027]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4ksk-xsw5" name="San Diego Natural History Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">SDNHM</collectionCode>
|
||
66145-146,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB02C22CA1CEF8766F4A92CD" box="[1225,1296,2004,2028]" name="Albania" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Avana</collectingCountry>
|
||
stream,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB02C22DA076F8716A8B958E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="50" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="km" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1 to 2 km</quantity>
|
||
W of mouth, by Gregory K. Pregill,
|
||
<date id="FFD31008FB03C22DA779FF356907958E" box="[638,861,151,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" value="1987-11-13">13 November 1987</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB03C22DA66CFF3569E6958E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[875,956,151,175]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
249663-664 Turangi stream,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA008FF356F03958E" box="[1295,1369,151,175]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.414016" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mi" value="1.5">1.5 mi</quantity>
|
||
W of Ngatangia, collected by David W. Steadman,
|
||
<date id="FFD31008FB03C22DA7A4FF1E690D95F5" box="[675,855,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" value="1984-03-15">15 March 1984</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB03C22DA662FF1E69EC95F5" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[869,950,188,212]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
249665-666, data as preceding record,
|
||
<date id="FFD31008FB03C22DA087FF1E6B7895D6" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" value="1984-03-16">16 March 1984</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB03C22DA42AFF7D6B2495D6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[301,382,223,247]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
252391,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB03C22DA4E1FF42687795D9" box="[486,557,224,248]" name="Albania" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Avana</collectingCountry>
|
||
stream, 2.0 km [upstream] of Ara Tapu, by David R. Steadman,
|
||
<date id="FFD31008FB03C22DA1F8FF7D6FCD95D6" box="[1279,1431,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" value="1985-05-29">29 May 1985</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB03C22DA590FEA66AB2943D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,232,260,284]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
539181-182, Takitumu Conservation Area [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE59500FFB03C22DA7DFFEA66905943D" box="[728,863,260,284]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="15" value="-21.251389">21°15’05”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE59500FFB03C22DA661FEA66E52943D" box="[870,1032,260,284]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="15" value="-159.76666">159°46’00”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], collected by James R. Stewart and Rebecca A. Pyles,
|
||
<date id="FFD31008FB03C22DA473FE85686D941E" box="[372,567,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" value="2000-01-11">11 January 2000</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB03C22DA742FE8568CC941E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[581,662,295,319]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
539184-186, 539188, data as preceding,
|
||
<date id="FFD31008FB03C22DA17EFE856F67941E" box="[1145,1341,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" value="2000-01-13">13 January 2000</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB03C22DA04CFE856FC6941E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1355,1436,295,319]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
539183, Marae Arai-Te
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB03C22DA4A0FEEF6BB79444" box="[423,493,333,357]" name="Tonga" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||
parking lot [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE59500FFB03C22DA779FEEE695F9445" box="[638,773,332,356]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="15" value="-21.2">21°12’00”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE59500FFB03C22DA60BFEEE69F09445" box="[780,938,332,356]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="15" value="-159.75">159°45’00”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, NE end of Rarotonga, by James R. Stewart and Rebecca A. Pyles,
|
||
<date id="FFD31008FB03C22DA49DFECD680D94A6" box="[410,599,367,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" value="2000-01-12">12 January 2000</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB03C22DA764FECD68EE94A6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[611,692,367,391]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
539189-190, Te Rua-Manga track [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE59500FFB03C22DA142FECD6E9694A6" box="[1093,1228,367,391]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="15" value="-21.216667">21°13’00”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE59500FFB03C22DA1D4FECD6F2F94A6" box="[1235,1397,367,391]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="15" value="-159.78334">159°47’00”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], N end of Rarotonga, by James R. Stewart and Rebecca A. Pyles,
|
||
<date id="FFD31008FB03C22DA65FFE366E4C948D" box="[856,1046,404,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" value="2000-01-16">16 January 2000</date>
|
||
. Juvenile females
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB03C22DA1E4FE366F12948D" box="[1251,1352,404,428]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4ksk-xsw5" name="San Diego Natural History Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">SDNHM</collectionCode>
|
||
66146,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB03C22DA590FE156AB294EE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,232,439,463]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
249665, 539186, 539190; juvenile males
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB03C22DA7DBFE15691B94EE" box="[732,833,439,463]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4ksk-xsw5" name="San Diego Natural History Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">SDNHM</collectionCode>
|
||
66144-145; adult females
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB03C22DA185FE156EBD94EE" box="[1154,1255,439,463]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4ksk-xsw5" name="San Diego Natural History Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">SDNHM</collectionCode>
|
||
66115,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB03C22DA04CFE156FC694EE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1355,1436,439,463]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
249663, 252391, 539181-182, 539184-185, 539189; adult males
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB03C22DA68FFE7E69B794D5" box="[904,1005,476,500]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4ksk-xsw5" name="San Diego Natural History Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">SDNHM</collectionCode>
|
||
66116-117,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB03C22DA187FE7E6E8B94D5" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1152,1233,476,500]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
249664, 533712, 539183, 539188; sex not confirmed
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB03C22DA72AFDA268399739" box="[557,611,512,536]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qhws-00k6" name="Auckland Institute and Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">AIM</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB03C22DA76DFE5D68CB9736" box="[618,657,511,535]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">LH</collectionCode>
|
||
1896,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE0DFB03C22DA7D2FE5D697C9736" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[725,806,511,535]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
249666.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3776543FB03C22DA5C0FD81687C9686" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB03C22DA5C0FD81687C9686" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA5C0FD816B1B971D" bold="true" box="[199,321,547,572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA44DFD876BA6971D" box="[330,508,549,572]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA44DFD876BA6971D" box="[330,508,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Emoia tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA7E2FD8769F0971D" box="[741,938,549,572]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA7E2FD8769F0971D" box="[741,938,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Emoia samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group and differs from other group members by a combination of traits.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA728FDEB68F79741" box="[559,685,585,608]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA728FDEB68F79741" box="[559,685,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
averages (mean
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA66FFDE569E3977E" box="[872,953,583,607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 mm</quantity>
|
||
, range
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA10EFDE56EDB977E" box="[1033,1153,583,607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="9.3" metricValueMin="7.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="82.5" valueMax="93.0" valueMin="72.0">72–93 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL) smaller than the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA083FDEB6AAA97A5" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA083FDEB6AAA97A5" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type-series (
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA484FDCE6B8297A5" box="[387,472,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA4E2FDCE682A97A5" box="[485,624,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" metricValueMax="10.1" metricValueMin="8.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="94.0" valueMax="101.0" valueMin="87.0">87–101 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EF0373FB03C22DA77AFDCE688E97A5" box="[637,724,620,644]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,235,296,317]" captionText="TABLE 2. Summary of variation in select mensural characters in adult samples of the Emoia samoensis species group. Mean ± 1 standard deviation, range, and statistically significant dimorphism * (Student’s t p ≤ 0.05); sample size in brackets; SVL & HeadL in mm." pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA7ECFDCF693497A5" box="[747,878,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
|
||
E. ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA617FDCE693497A5" box="[784,878,620,644]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">trossula</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
’
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB03C22DA687FDCF699C97A4" box="[896,966,621,645]" name="Tonga" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA6D0FDCE6E7197A5" box="[983,1067,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="94.0">94 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA13FFDCE6E9F97A5" box="[1080,1221,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.15" metricValueMax="10.1" metricValueMin="8.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="91.5" valueMax="101.0" valueMin="82.0">82–101 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA1DDFDCF6F3797A5" box="[1242,1389,621,644]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA1DDFDCF6F3797A5" box="[1242,1389,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA078FDCE6A9F9786" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="98.0">98 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA5D6FD2D6B069786" box="[209,348,655,679]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.005" metricValueMax="1.09" metricValueMin="0.9199999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="100.5" valueMax="109.0" valueMin="92.0">92–109 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA468FD336BB19789" box="[367,491,656,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA468FD336BB19789" box="[367,491,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. sanfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA4FCFD2D68019786" box="[507,603,655,679]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="103.0">103 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA760FD2D68A99786" box="[615,755,655,679]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" metricValueMax="1.09" metricValueMin="0.97" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="103.0" valueMax="109.0" valueMin="97.0">97–109 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA601FD3369259789" box="[774,895,657,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erronan">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA601FD3369259789" box="[774,895,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. erronan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA688FD2D69BB9786" box="[911,993,655,679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="85.0">85 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA6EAFD2D6E239786" box="[1005,1145,655,679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.1" metricValueMin="6.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="85.0" valueMax="101.0" valueMin="69.0">69–101 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA1BBFD336F429789" box="[1212,1304,657,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA1BBFD336F429789" box="[1212,1304,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(~
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA031FD2D6FCD9786" box="[1334,1431,655,679]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA590FD166B7B97ED" box="[151,289,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.95" metricValueMax="11.4" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="99.5" valueMax="114.0" valueMin="85.0">85–114 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA4E4FD17683D97ED" box="[483,615,692,716]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA4E4FD17683D97ED" box="[483,615,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. concolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(~
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA783FD16688D97ED" box="[644,727,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="72.0">72 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA7E4FD16693A97ED" box="[739,864,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="71.5" valueMax="86.0" valueMin="57.0">57–86 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA674FD176E4E97ED" box="[883,1044,692,716]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavigularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA674FD176E4E97ED" box="[883,1044,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. flavigularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA125FD166E2F97ED" box="[1058,1141,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="67.0">67 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA186FD166EA497ED" box="[1153,1278,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="5.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="66.0" valueMax="73.0" valueMin="59.0">59–73 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA016FD176AEF97D1" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loyaltiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA016FD176AEF97D1" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. loyaltiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(~
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA5D4FD756B7F97CE" box="[211,293,727,751]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="68.0">68 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA436FD756BF597CE" box="[305,431,727,751]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="67.0" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="66.0">66–68 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA4C5FD7B68F397D1" box="[450,681,728,752]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mokosariniveikau">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA4C5FD7B68F397D1" box="[450,681,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. mokosariniveikau</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(~
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA7CFFD75694697CE" box="[712,796,727,751]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA628FD7B69A497D1" box="[815,1022,729,752]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigromarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA628FD7B69A497D1" box="[815,1022,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. nigromarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA109FD756E3A97CE" box="[1038,1120,727,751]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="63.0">63 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA16AFD756EB097CE" box="[1133,1258,727,751]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="61.5" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="55.0">55–68 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA1FAFD7B6F3597D1" box="[1277,1391,728,752]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA1FAFD7B6F3597D1" box="[1277,1391,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA079FD756A9F9635" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="47.0">47 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA5D5FD5E6B0B9635" box="[210,337,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="46.0" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="40.0">40–52 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA490FD5F68499635" box="[407,531,765,788]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tongana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA490FD5F68499635" box="[407,531,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. tongana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA723FD5E68229635" box="[548,632,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="62.0">62 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA782FD5E695E9635" box="[645,772,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.55" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="65.5" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="56.0">56–75 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA61EFD5F69C09635" box="[793,922,765,788]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA61EFD5F69C09635" box="[793,922,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has fewer dorsal scales [Dorsal] (65, 62–69) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA5D7FC836BCB9619" box="[208,401,801,824]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aneityumensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA5D7FC836BCB9619" box="[208,401,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. aneityumensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(78, 74–80) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA75DFC8368BD9619" box="[602,743,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. ‘trossula’</emphasis>
|
||
Rotuma (71, 65–77), and more than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA192FC836F3C9619" box="[1173,1382,801,824]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigromarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA192FC836F3C9619" box="[1173,1382,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. nigromarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(58, 57–61),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA5F2FCEA6B3D967E" box="[245,359,839,863]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA5F2FCEA6B3D967E" box="[245,359,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(56, 52–60), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA735FCEA68F4967E" box="[562,686,839,863]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA735FCEA68F4967E" box="[562,686,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. sanfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(58, 56–61).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA64FFCEA699D967E" box="[840,967,840,863]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA64FFCEA699D967E" box="[840,967,840,863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has fewer 4th toe lamellae [4ToeLm] (49, 47–51) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA422FCCE6BFA96A2" box="[293,416,875,899]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA422FCCE6BFA96A2" box="[293,416,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. sanfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(66, 67–71) and more 4ToeLm than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA645FCCE6E5A96A2" box="[834,1024,876,899]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aneityumensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA645FCCE6E5A96A2" box="[834,1024,876,899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. aneityumensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(35, 33–38),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA19EFCCE6F3296A2" box="[1177,1384,876,899]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigromarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA19EFCCE6F3296A2" box="[1177,1384,876,899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. nigromarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(37, 35–42), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA423FC326BCF9686" box="[292,405,911,935]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA423FC326BCF9686" box="[292,405,911,935]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(35, 33–40).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3776543FB03C228A5C0FC106B509011" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB03C22DA5C0FC106E3490A2" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA5C0FC106BBE96EA" bold="true" box="[199,484,946,971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D6886AFB03C22DA471FC116B8596EA" box="[374,479,947,971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
An adult male,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA79FFC1068A196EB" box="[664,763,946,970]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.47" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="84.7">84.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL (
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA641FC1069F196EB" box="[838,939,946,970]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.86" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="88.6">88.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in life),
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA10CFC106E3296EB" box="[1035,1128,946,970]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="170.0">170 mm</quantity>
|
||
tail length (~
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA1FAFC106F1496EB" box="[1277,1358,946,970]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
regenerated tip),
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA418FC756BDD96CE" box="[287,391,983,1007]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="38.5">38.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
TrunkL,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA4FFFC75683A96CE" box="[504,608,983,1007]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.28" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="32.8">32.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
SnForel,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA7D2FC75696796CE" box="[725,829,983,1007]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.22" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="42.2">42.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
HindlL, 20.0 mm HeadL,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA17CFC756EB896CE" box="[1147,1250,983,1007]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="11.6">11.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
JawW,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA045FC756FC696CE" box="[1346,1436,983,1007]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="9.4">9.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
HeadH,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA5F2FC586B119133" box="[245,331,1018,1042]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="8.9">8.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
SnEye,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA4ADFC58685B9133" box="[426,513,1018,1042]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="6.3">6.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
NarEye,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA76BFC5868999133" box="[620,707,1018,1042]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="6.3">6.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
EyeEar,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA62DFC5869DB9133" box="[810,897,1018,1042]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
SnW, and
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA6FBFC586E089133" box="[1020,1106,1018,1042]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
Interorb. Scalation right side for bilateral traits: modest-sized semilunate rostral posteriorly contacting 1st supralabial, anterior nasal, elongate triangular supranasal and medially large pentagonal frontonasal; large rectangular prefrontals broadly in contact medially, large elongate pentagonal frontal, large hexagonal frontoparietal, moderate elongate interparietal separating paired oblong parietals except posteriorly, large paired nuchals; 4 Supoc 1st and 2nd subequal and largest, 9 Supcil, 10 Eyeld, oblong palpebral disc about third area of lower eyelid; large circular naris dividing nasal into anterior and posterior halves, AntLor and posterior loreal longer than high and subequal, 2 preoculars and 1 subocular on anterior margin of orbit, double row of postoculars with dorsalmost one largest, 2 modest-sized primary temporals, upper twice size of lower, 2 large secondary temporals, upper twice size of lower; 8 Suplab, 6th BlwEye, 7 Inflab, moderate nearly circular ear-opening with 1 blunt-triangular AuricN on lower anterior border; 62 smooth Dorsal, 32 Midbody, 37 smooth 4FingLm, 49 4ToeLm, and precloacal scale distinctly enlarged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB03C22DA5C0FA2D691693CA" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Coloration in life: boldly colored lizard; dorsally head unicolor coppery brown merging into brown with tarnished copper tint on neck, trunk, and tail with miscellaneously shaped blotches and stripes of dark brown to nearly black; dorsally on nape fragmented dark transverse bar, followed midneck and anterior axilla by complete transverse bars, bars remaining relatively thick but fragmented into middorsal bar and dorsolateral bar on each side, dorsum accentuated by numerous small longitudinally elongate lime-green spots arranged in irregular transverse rows; laterally loreal area with dark smudge and broad dark stripe between eye and axilla, dorsolateral dark bars well defined anteriorly becoming smaller and irregular posteriorly on trunk, lateroventrally neck and trunk lighten and merge into lime-green venter from posterior throat onto base of tail, chin golden yellow and chin to anterior chest immaculate, dark speckling begins behind axilla increasing in number posteriorly although not darkening the bright venter, dark speckling on tail coalesces into midventral stripe.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB03C22DA5C0F9556F2A925A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Coloration in preservative: Still boldly colored although muted by preservation. Pattern of dark and light markings unchanged. Dorsal ground color muted olive brown, ventrally tannish white and elongate dorsal and lateral spots also tannish white. Fore- and hindlimbs lighter brown ground color than trunk and with numerous small irregularly shaped dark blotches and smaller light flecks, ventrally limbs as venter and both with dark spotting.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB03C22AA5C0F8246EDC95D6" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2023]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA5C0F8246B0392BE" bold="true" box="[199,345,1926,1951]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
A moderately large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB03C22DA746F82A68D092BE" box="[577,650,1928,1951]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA746F82A68D092BE" box="[577,650,1928,1951]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Emoia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranging in adult size from
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA6B9F8256E1592BE" box="[958,1103,1927,1951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.3" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="80.0" valueMax="93.0" valueMin="67.0">67 to 93 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, females 72.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA03FF8256FC692BE" box="[1336,1436,1927,1951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.26" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="92.6">92.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(adult Ƥ,
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA402F80E6B4992E2" box="[261,275,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 13); males 67.5–93.0 mm (ad. 3,
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB03C22DA7BFF80E689C92E2" box="[696,710,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9) with HeadL
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA692F8096E6092E2" box="[917,1082,1963,1987]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" metricValueMax="1.93" metricValueMin="1.63" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="17.8" valueMax="19.3" valueMin="16.3">16.3–19.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Ƥ)
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA175F8096F4D92E2" box="[1138,1303,1963,1987]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.87" metricValueMax="2.13" metricValueMin="1.61" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="18.7" valueMax="21.3" valueMin="16.1">16.1–21.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(3), JawW
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA590F86D6B7792C6" box="[151,301,1999,2023]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" metricValueMax="1.23" metricValueMin="0.83" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="10.3" valueMax="12.3" valueMin="8.3">8.3–12.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Ƥ)
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA462F86D685392C6" box="[357,521,1999,2023]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.305" metricValueMax="1.49" metricValueMin="1.1199999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="13.05" valueMax="14.9" valueMin="11.2">11.2–14.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
(3), HeadH 6.5–8.0 mm (Ƥ)
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA667F86D69AD92C6" box="[864,1015,1999,2023]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" metricValueMax="10.1" metricValueMin="6.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="8.2" valueMax="10.1" valueMin="6.3">6.3–10.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(3), SnEye 7.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22DA1BEF86D6F4A92C6" box="[1209,1296,1999,2023]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="8.7">8.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Ƥ)
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB03C22AA04FF86D6A99958E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="51" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="9.2" metricValueMin="6.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="7.75" valueMax="9.2" valueMin="6.3">6.3–9.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(3), NarEye 5.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA48CFF356BBA958E" box="[395,480,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="6.7">6.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Ƥ)
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA713FF3568C0958E" box="[532,666,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="5.9" valueMax="6.7" valueMin="5.1">5.1–6.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(3), EyeEar
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA629FF3569EE958E" box="[814,948,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="5.85" valueMax="6.8" valueMin="4.9">4.9–6.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Ƥ) 5.4–7.0 mm (3), SnW
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA1EFFF356F34958E" box="[1256,1390,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="2.65" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="2.4">2.4–2.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Ƥ)
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA590FF1E6B4795F5" box="[151,285,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="2.85" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(3), Interorb
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA4BEFF1E686595F5" box="[441,575,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="6.4" valueMax="7.2" valueMin="5.6">5.6–7.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Ƥ)
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA774FF1E68A395F5" box="[627,761,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.199999999999999" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="6.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="7.199999999999999" valueMax="8.1" valueMin="6.3">6.3–8.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(3), SnForel
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA694FF1E6E6C95F5" box="[915,1078,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.17" metricValueMin="2.63" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="29.0" valueMax="31.7" valueMin="26.3">26.3–31.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Ƥ)
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA16DFF1E6F5695F5" box="[1130,1292,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.045" metricValueMax="3.36" metricValueMin="2.73" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="30.45" valueMax="33.6" valueMin="27.3">27.3–33.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(3), TrunkL 35.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA5D1FF7D6B6095D6" box="[214,314,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7299999999999995" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="47.3">47.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Ƥ)
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA468FF7D684895D6" box="[367,530,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.715" metricValueMax="4.37" metricValueMin="3.06" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="37.15" valueMax="43.7" valueMin="30.6">30.6–43.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(3), and HindlL 34.6–46.0 mm (Ƥ)
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA6A9FF7D6E0B95D6" box="[942,1105,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.07" metricValueMax="4.55" metricValueMin="3.59" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="40.7" valueMax="45.5" valueMin="35.9">35.9–45.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF126640FB04C22AA590FE8A6B71945A" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA590FE8A6B71945A" blockId="4.[151,1436,296,379]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB04C22AA590FE8A6B5E941C" bold="true" box="[151,260,296,317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Summary of variation in select mensural characters in adult samples of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB04C22AA106FE8B6EEB941F" box="[1025,1201,297,318]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB04C22AA106FE8B6EEB941F" box="[1025,1201,297,318]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Emoia samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. Mean ± 1 standard deviation, range, and statistically significant dimorphism * (Student’s t
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB04C22AA6F6FEEA69A4947C" box="[1009,1022,328,349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">p</emphasis>
|
||
≤0.05); sample size in brackets; SVL & HeadL in mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA590FE056FDA949D" blockId="4.[151,1408,422,444]" box="[151,1408,422,444]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Taxon SVL HeadL TrunkL/SVL HindlL/TrunkL SnForel/SVL HeadL/SVL</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA590FE426B2E94D0" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" box="[151,372,479,498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB04C22AA590FE426B5894D3" box="[151,258,480,498]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB04C22AA590FE426B5894D3" box="[151,258,480,498]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">SAMOENSIS</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SUBGROUP
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA590FE5E6B6C9730" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" box="[151,310,508,529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB04C22AA590FE5E6B6C9730" box="[151,310,508,529]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB04C22AA590FE5E6B6C9730" box="[151,310,508,529]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Emoia tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA5C0FDB86F33976F" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">females [13] 80.8±5.49 17.5±0.80* 0.49±0.019* 0.96±0.077* 0.36±0.017* 0.22±0.010* 72.0–92.6 16.3–19.3 0.46–0.52 0.83–1.10 0.33–0.38 0.20–0.24</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA5C0FDF56F3397AA" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">males [9] 83.7±7.06 19.6±1.50* 0.47±0.015* 1.06±0.077* 0.38±0.015* 0.23±0.004* 67.5–93.0 16.1–21.3 0.45–0.49 0.97–1.19 0.36–0.40 0.23–0.24</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA590FD376BEF978B" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" box="[151,437,660,682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB04C22AA590FD376B6A978B" box="[151,304,660,682]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB04C22AA590FD376B6A978B" box="[151,304,660,682]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Emoia trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type-series)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA5C0FD116F3297C9" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">females [11] 90.2±7.48 20.2±2.19 0.48±0.031 1.01±0.098 0.38±0.019 0.22±0.010* 87.0–101.2 17.4–24.9 0.45–0.55 0.88–1.23 0.36–0.41 0.21–0.25</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA5C0FD526F339604" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">males [18] 90.9±8.53 21.2±2.16 0.46±0.02 1.07±0.10 0.38±0.020 0.23±0.008* 75.9–102.4 17.0–24.2 0.42–0.50 0.82–1.25 0.35–0.43 0.22–0.25</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA590FC8D6B9D9665" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" box="[151,455,814,836]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB04C22AA590FC8D6B6A9665" box="[151,304,814,836]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB04C22AA590FC8D6B6A9665" box="[151,304,814,836]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Emoia trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB04C22AA49CFC8C6B9A9665" box="[411,448,814,836]" name="Fiji" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA5C0FCEE6F3396A0" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">females [7] 94.4±6.55 20.9±2.96 0.48±0.012 0.95±0.056 0.38±0.011 0.22±0.014 81.5–101.2 17.9–24.9 0.47–0.50 0.88–1.04 0.37–0.39 0.20–0.25</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA590FC296BFE9681" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" box="[151,420,906,928]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB04C22AA590FC296AB39681" box="[151,233,906,928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB04C22AA590FC296A839681" box="[151,217,907,928]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Emoia</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB04C22AA5EEFC286BFE9681" authority="(Rotuma)" baseAuthorityName="Rotuma" box="[233,420,906,928]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB04C22AA5EEFC286B679681" box="[233,317,906,928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">trossula</emphasis>
|
||
(Rotuma)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA5C0FC0A6F3396FC" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">females [17] 81.6±2.87 17.9±0.67* 0.48±0.019 0.94±0.053* 0.36±0.015 0.22±0.004* 75.4–85.3 16.9–19.2 0.45–0.52 0.86–1.02 0.34–0.39 0.21–0.23</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA590FC456BC996DD" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" box="[151,403,998,1020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB04C22AA590FC456AB396DD" box="[151,233,998,1020]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB04C22AA590FC456A8396DD" box="[151,217,999,1020]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Emoia</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB04C22AA5EEFC446BC996DD" authority="(Tonga)" baseAuthorityName="Tonga" box="[233,403,998,1020]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB04C22AA5EEFC446B6796DD" box="[233,317,998,1020]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">trossula</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB04C22AA44DFC446BD696DD" box="[330,396,998,1020]" name="Tonga" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA5C0FBA66F339118" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">females [11] 95.5±6.70 20.7±1.64* 0.49±0.033 0.99±0.110 0.37±0.035 0.22±0.014* 84.3–105.2 18.8–24.7 0.44–0.55 0.0.84–1.25 0.32–0.43 0.20–0.25</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA590FBE16BF99179" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" box="[151,419,1090,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB04C22AA590FBE16BF99179" authority="(Samoa)" baseAuthorityName="Samoa" box="[151,419,1090,1112]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB04C22AA590FBE16B1D9179" box="[151,327,1091,1112]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Emoia samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB04C22AA453FBE06BC69179" box="[340,412,1090,1112]" name="Samoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA5C0FBC26F3391B4" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">females [10] 98.2±4.54 21.0±0.78 0.50±0.018* 0.92±0.041* 0.36±0.013 0.21±0.003* 92.4–108.8 19.9–22.7 0.46–0.53 0.87–1.02 0.34–0.38 0.21–0.22</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA590FB3D6B689195" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" box="[151,306,1182,1204]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB04C22AA590FB3D6B689195" box="[151,306,1182,1204]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB04C22AA590FB3D6B689195" box="[151,306,1182,1204]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Emoia sanfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA5C0FB1E6F3291D0" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">females [11] 102.8±4.49 22.4±0.82* 0.49±0.017 0.89±0.062* 0.35±0.015* 0.22±0.005* 96.9–110.5 21.3–23.9 0.46–0.52 0.80–1.01 0.33–0.38 0.21–0.23</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA590FB5F6B2F902E" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" box="[151,373,1277,1295]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB04C22AA590FB5F6B59902E" box="[151,259,1277,1295]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB04C22AA590FB5F6B59902E" box="[151,259,1277,1295]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">CONCOLOR</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SUBGROUP
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA590FAB8686D900F" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" box="[151,567,1305,1327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB04C22AA590FAB86B35900E" box="[151,367,1306,1327]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aneityumensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB04C22AA590FAB86B35900E" box="[151,367,1306,1327]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Emoia aneityumensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Anatom,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB04C22AA4DCFABB686A900F" box="[475,560,1305,1326]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA5C0FA956F33904A" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">adults [4] 84.8±8.47 17.4±1.13 0.50±0.027 0.91±0.084. 0.22±0.004 76.0–92.9 16.6–18.2 0.48–0.53 0.82–1.03. 0.21–0.22</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA590FAD768F090AB" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" box="[151,682,1396,1418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB04C22AA590FAD76B2490AB" box="[151,382,1397,1418]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigromarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB04C22AA590FAD76B2490AB" box="[151,382,1397,1418]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Emoia nigromarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Efate & Malakula,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB04C22AA749FAD768F990AB" box="[590,675,1397,1418]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA5C0FA316F3390E9" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">females [8] 63.0±3.99 14.6±0.819* 0.49±0.025* 0.93±0.062* 0.38±0.018 0.23±0.010* 55.4–66.7 13.3–15.5 0.46–0.53 0.87–1.02 0.35–0.41 0.22–0.25</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA590FA706B3E90C7" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" box="[151,356,1488,1511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB04C22AA590FA706B3E90C7" authority="(Fiji)" baseAuthorityName="Fiji" box="[151,356,1488,1511]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB04C22AA590FA706B7090C7" box="[151,298,1488,1511]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Emoia parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB04C22AA430FA726B0790C7" box="[311,349,1488,1510]" name="Fiji" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22AA5C0FA4D6B8A9289" blockId="4.[151,1412,479,1572]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,1648,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
females [10] 46.8±4.28 10.5±0.629 0.47±0.018* 0.95±0.079 0.39±0.030 0.22±0.015 40.0–52.0 9.8–11.6 0.45–0.50 0.88–1.10 0.36–0.45 0.20–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE59500FFB04C22AA03AF9AC6F339305" box="[1341,1385,1550,1572]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" precision="555" value="0.25">0.25</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB04C22AA5C0F9D06B1293A8" box="[199,328,1650,1673]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB04C22AA5C0F9D06B1293A8" box="[199,328,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sexually dimorphic in most mensural features and nearly half the proportions. Males average larger (
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA5E0F9366B14938D" box="[231,334,1684,1708]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.37" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="83.7">83.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL) than females (
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA73BF93668FD938D" box="[572,679,1684,1708]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.07" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="80.7">80.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
), although the means are not significantly different. In contrast, all measurements, except TrunkL (39.8,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA73FF91A68C493F1" box="[568,670,1720,1744]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9299999999999997" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="39.3">39.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; means females [
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB04C22AA659F918693693F0" box="[862,876,1722,1745]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 13], males [9], respectively), and SnW (2.7,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA07EF91A6A9D93D5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
), are dimorphic (statistically significant) in adults: HindlL (38.2,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA6ACF97E6E4E93D5" box="[939,1044,1756,1780]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.16" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="41.6">41.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
), SnForel (30.0,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA1D5F97E6F6693D5" box="[1234,1340,1756,1780]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.13" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="31.3">31.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
), HeadL (17.5,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA5E7F8A26B139239" box="[224,329,1792,1816]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="19.6">19.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
), JawW (10.6,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA4F3F8A268079239" box="[500,605,1792,1816]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), HeadH (7.2,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA604F8A269079239" box="[771,861,1792,1816]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), SnEye (7.7,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA6FAF8A26E029239" box="[1021,1112,1792,1816]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="8.4">8.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
), NarEye (5.7,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA002F8A26F3A9239" box="[1285,1376,1792,1816]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="6.3">6.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and EyeEar (5.6,
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB04C22AA437F8866BD4921D" box="[304,398,1828,1852]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Body proportions showing significant dimorphism in adults are: HeadL/SVL (22, 23%), TrunkL/SVL (49, 47%), HindlL/TrunkL (96, 106%) and SnForel/SVL (36, 38%); the statistically non-dimorphic ones are: JawW/HeadL (60, 62%), SnEye/SVL (9.5, 10.1%), NarEye/SnEye (74, 75%), EyeEar/SnEye (74, 78%) and SnW/HeadL (15, 15%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB04C22BA5C0F8166E179463" blockId="4.[151,1436,1648,2032]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,322]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Of the scalation traits, only Eyelid (10, 11) shows sexually dimorphism. The interparietal is rarely absent, frontoparietal almost always single, and prefrontal usually in contact; 4 Supoc, 8 (uncommonly 7 or 9) Supcil, 9–12 Eyeld, 8 (rarely 9) Suplab, 6th (rarely 7th) BlwEye, and 7 (uncommonly 8) Inflab on each side. Palpebral disc small, about one-quarter area of lower eyelid area; moderate-sized, oblong vertical (occas. oblique) ear opening with 2–5 (commonly 3) AuricN, usually blunt, on anterior margin. Trunk scales usually smooth, uncommonly weakly tricarinate dorsally and laterally, with 60–69 Dorsal (median 64), single (uncommonly 2 or 3) pair of Nuchal, 32–35 Midbody (33). Subdigital lamellae smooth, 34–42 4FingLm (37), 46–53 4ToeL (49).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF126640FB05C22BA590FED06F619486" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA590FED06F619486" blockId="5.[151,1436,370,423]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA590FED06B5E94A9" bold="true" box="[151,260,370,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Summary of variation in select meristic characters in adult samples of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB05C22BA6F8FED16EEA94A9" box="[1023,1200,371,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA6F8FED16EEA94A9" box="[1023,1200,371,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Emoia samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. Median ± 1 standard deviation, range, and statistically significant dimorphism * (Student’s t
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA6EAFE3069A09486" box="[1005,1018,402,423]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">p</emphasis>
|
||
≤0.05); sample size in brackets.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA5C0FE696F0394C1" blockId="5.[199,1369,458,480]" box="[199,1369,458,480]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">taxon Dorsal Midbody 4FingLm 4ToeLm DorsKN</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA590FDAE6B2E973F" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" box="[151,372,524,542]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB05C22BA590FDAE6B58973F" box="[151,258,524,542]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA590FDAE6B58973F" box="[151,258,524,542]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">SAMOENSIS</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SUBGROUP
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA590FD8A6B6C971C" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" box="[151,310,552,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB05C22BA590FD8A6B6C971C" box="[151,310,552,573]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA590FD8A6B6C971C" box="[151,310,552,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Emoia tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA5C0FDE46F73975B" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">females [10] 65±2.3 32±1.0 37±1.4 49±1.0 0±0 62–68 32–34 36–39 47–51 0–0</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA5C0FD216F739796" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">males [8] 64±1.1 33±0.9 36±2.6 50±2.3 0±0 62–65 32–34 34–42 46–53 0–0</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA590FD606BEF97F7" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" box="[151,437,704,727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB05C22BA590FD606B6A97F7" box="[151,304,704,727]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA590FD606B6A97F7" box="[151,304,704,727]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Emoia trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type-series)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA5C0FD7D6F709632" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">females [11] 65±2.7 34±1.4 33±2.2 47±3.7 0±1.1 62–71 31–36 30–37 42–55 0–3</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA5C0FCBE6F739670" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">males [18] 65±3..0 33±1.5 33.5±2.5 46.5±3.4 0±0 59–70 31–36 30–38 41–55 0–0</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA590FCF96B9D9651" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" box="[151,455,858,880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB05C22BA590FCF96B6A9651" box="[151,304,858,880]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA590FCF96B6A9651" box="[151,304,858,880]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Emoia trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB05C22BA49CFCF86B9A9651" box="[411,448,858,880]" name="Fiji" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA5C0FCDA6F70968C" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">females [7] 63±1.4 34±1.9 36±2.9 51±5.2 0±1.2 62–66 31–36 30–39 42–47 0–3</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA590FC156BFE96ED" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" box="[151,420,950,972]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA590FC156AB396ED" box="[151,233,950,972]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB05C22BA590FC156A8396ED" box="[151,217,951,972]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Emoia</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB05C22BA5EEFC146BFE96ED" authority="(Rotuma)" baseAuthorityName="Rotuma" box="[233,420,950,972]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA5EEFC146B6796ED" box="[233,317,950,972]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">trossula</emphasis>
|
||
(Rotuma)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA5C0FC766F739128" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">females [17] 71±3.1* 35±1.6 39±1.7 56±2.4 0±0 65–77 33–38 34–40 50–59 0–0</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA590FBB16BC99109" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" box="[151,403,1042,1064]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA590FBB16AB39109" box="[151,233,1042,1064]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB05C22BA590FBB16A839109" box="[151,217,1043,1064]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Emoia</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB05C22BA5EEFBB06BC99109" authority="(Tonga)" baseAuthorityName="Tonga" box="[233,403,1042,1064]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA5EEFBB06B679109" box="[233,317,1042,1064]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">trossula</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB05C22BA44DFBB06BD69109" box="[330,396,1042,1064]" name="Tonga" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA5C0FB926F739144" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">females [11] 65±1.9 33±1.2 34±1.1 47±2.2 0±0 62–69 30–34 32–36 44–51 0–0</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA590FBCD6BF991A5" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" box="[151,419,1134,1156]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB05C22BA590FBCD6BF991A5" authority="(Samoa)" baseAuthorityName="Samoa" box="[151,419,1134,1156]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA590FBCD6B1D91A5" box="[151,327,1135,1156]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Emoia samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB05C22BA453FBCC6BC691A5" box="[340,412,1134,1156]" name="Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA5C0FB2E6F7391E0" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">females [10] 63.5±1.6 31±1.0 33±1.0 46±2.4 0±0 62–66 30–33 31–34 44–51 0–0</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA590FB696B6891C1" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" box="[151,306,1226,1248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB05C22BA590FB696B6891C1" box="[151,306,1226,1248]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA590FB696B6891C1" box="[151,306,1226,1248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Emoia sanfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA5C0FB4A6F73903C" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">females [11] 58±1.8 31±0.9 47±2.7 66±4.0 3±1.6* 56–61 30–32 43–51 57–71 0–4</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA590FA8B6B2F901A" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" box="[151,373,1321,1339]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB05C22BA590FA8B6B59901A" box="[151,259,1321,1339]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA590FA8B6B59901A" box="[151,259,1321,1339]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">CONCOLOR</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SUBGROUP
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA590FAE4686D907B" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" box="[151,567,1349,1371]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB05C22BA590FAE46B35907A" box="[151,367,1350,1371]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aneityumensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA590FAE46B35907A" box="[151,367,1350,1371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Emoia aneityumensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Anatom,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB05C22BA4DCFAE7686A907B" box="[475,560,1349,1370]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA5C0FAC16F7390B9" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">adults [4] 78±3.1 40.5±1.0 26±2.2 35.5±2.9 0±0 74–80 39–41 23–28 33–38 0–0</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA590FA0068F09097" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" box="[151,682,1440,1463]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB05C22BA590FA006B249096" box="[151,382,1442,1463]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigromarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA590FA006B249096" box="[151,382,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Emoia nigromarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Efate & Malakula,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB05C22BA749FA0368F99097" box="[590,675,1441,1462]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA5C0FA1D6F7090D2" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">females [8] 58.5±1.2 30±0.7 28±1.5 37±2.4 0±1.4 57–61 30–32 26–31 35–42 0–3</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA590FA5C6B3E9333" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" box="[151,356,1532,1555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB05C22BA590FA5C6B3E9333" authority="(Fiji)" baseAuthorityName="Fiji" box="[151,356,1532,1555]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA590FA5C6B709332" box="[151,298,1533,1555]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Emoia parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB05C22BA430FA5E6B079333" box="[311,349,1532,1554]" name="Fiji" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB05C22BA5C0F9B9686392F5" blockId="5.[151,1355,524,1616]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,1692,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
females [10] 56±2.2 30±2.2 25.5±2.4 35±2.7 0±0.9 52–60 26–33 22–30 33–40 0–3 Variation is relatively low in most mensural and meristic traits. Using a repeated data-gathering protocol, GZ examined one specimen multiple times (
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA75BF960683093F8" box="[604,618,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 11) on different days to estimate intra-observational variation (see discussion in Hayek and Heyer (2010) and Schmaltz and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B39FB05C22BA7F9F947692293DD" author="Zug" box="[766,888,1764,1789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" refString="Schmalz, T. D. & Zug, G. R. (2002) Observations on geographic variation in the Asian frog, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Anura: Ranidae). Hamadryad, 27, 90 - 98." type="journal article" year="2002">Zug (2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)). This repeats protocol establishes a measure of an observer’s variation in data-gathering and serves as a guide, either using standard deviations (
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA1D9F8A86EB39200" box="[1246,1257,1802,1825]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">s</emphasis>
|
||
) or coefficients of variation (
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA42FF88C6B639264" box="[296,313,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">V</emphasis>
|
||
), to the minimum level of variation within a data set that derived from data collection and that is not a component of trait variation within a population of a species. The level of variation seen in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB05C22BA1D9F8F06F049248" box="[1246,1374,1874,1897]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA1D9F8F06F049248" box="[1246,1374,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">E. tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sample, or for that matter any other sample, is a composite of actual (natural) populational variation and data-gathering variation. Overall, morphological variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB05C22BA799F83869449290" box="[670,798,1946,1969]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA799F83869449290" box="[670,798,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">E. tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is low, and that may be a reflection of their high genetic homogeneity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B39FB05C22BA430F81E687792F5" author="Hamilton" box="[311,557,1980,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" refString="Hamilton, A. M., Zug, G. R. & Austin, C. C. (2010) Biogeographic anomaly or human introduction: a cryptogenic population of tree skink (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Cook Islands, Oceania. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 318 - 328." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Hamilton
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB05C22BA4ADF81C6BB892F4" box="[426,482,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB06C228A5C0FF3A6AA094EE" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
For the mensural traits, the repeats protocol gives a range of
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A694FF3B69FE9591" box="[915,932,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">V</emphasis>
|
||
from 0.7% (SVL) to 5.8% (HeadL) with a median of 3.45% and mode of 3.5% for the twelve traits. Comparison of
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A6EFFF1F69A395F5" box="[1000,1017,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">V</emphasis>
|
||
s for adult females and males shows female measurements range from 4.7 to 8.6% (median 8.3%) and for males 7.0 to 15.0% (9.5%). These ranges are typically
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A407FEA76B4B943D" box="[256,273,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">V</emphasis>
|
||
s for animal populations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B39FB06C228A736FEA6697A943D" author="Simpson" box="[561,800,260,284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" refString="Simpson, G. G., Roe, A. & Lewontin, R. C. (1960) Quantitative Zoology. Revised Edition. Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., New York." type="book" year="1960">
|
||
Simpson
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A79AFEA7688C943D" box="[669,726,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1960
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The difference (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EF0373FB06C228A6E0FEA66E67943D" box="[999,1085,260,284]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,235,296,317]" captionText="TABLE 2. Summary of variation in select mensural characters in adult samples of the Emoia samoensis species group. Mean ± 1 standard deviation, range, and statistically significant dimorphism * (Student’s t p ≤ 0.05); sample size in brackets; SVL & HeadL in mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) between males and females is the broader range of body size in adult males, suggesting that males mature at a smaller size and then grow longer (time) than females. JawW variation has the highest
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A7FFFEEF69539445" box="[760,777,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">V</emphasis>
|
||
value (10.9%) in female measurements and is nearly the same in males (10.7%). HeadH has the highest
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A7CCFED3688694A9" box="[715,732,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">V</emphasis>
|
||
in males (15%) and much lower in females (5.9%), further emphasizing the dimorphism in head size and shape between females and males (HeadL/SVL 22% vs. 24%, see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EF0373FB06C228A590FE156AB794EE" box="[151,237,439,463]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,235,296,317]" captionText="TABLE 2. Summary of variation in select mensural characters in adult samples of the Emoia samoensis species group. Mean ± 1 standard deviation, range, and statistically significant dimorphism * (Student’s t p ≤ 0.05); sample size in brackets; SVL & HeadL in mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB06C228A5C0FE7E6F349786" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Observer variation (repeats protocol) is less among the scalation traits. Within the repeats, twelve scalation traits had no variation among successive counts. Variable counts occurred for Eyeld (
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A160FDA36E229739" box="[1127,1144,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">V</emphasis>
|
||
= 5%), Dorsal (1%), and 4FingLm (1.6%). More traits showed variation within the adult samples. Females and males share subequal variation in Supcil, Eyeld, Inflab, Dorsal, Midbody, 4FingLm, and 4ToeLm, ranging 1.7–6.5% and 1.8–9.2%, respectively. Five other traits (Interpa, Frontpa, Suprcil, AuricL, Nuchal) had
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A6B7FDCF699B97A5" box="[944,961,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">V</emphasis>
|
||
s ranging 22.3–40.4%) because one or two individuals in the sample had a different state, such as Interpa absent when this scale is present in the majority.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB06C228A5C0FD166B509011" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Color variation in alcohol. Dorsal ground color is dark to light brown with a coppery sheen, particularly on head and anterior neck. The darker brown occurs in the older preserved specimens, although a set of specimens preserved in mid-2000 range from dark to light, two of which (USNM 539185, 539190) are nearly olive. Ventrolaterally, ground color lightens as it grades into dull yellow venters, greenish overtones in some and dusky beige in longer preserved specimens. Dorsally head and neck are immaculate and similarly unicolor in loreal area. All individuals have moderately broad, black postorbital stripe on each side extending from posterior edge of orbit rearward above ear-opening to axilla. This stripe is continuous only in two individuals; in most, stripe is a series of irregular, black blotches narrowly separated by brown interspaces. In the lightest two individuals, a black postorbital spot is widely separate from dark stripe above ear to axilla. All individuals have yellow eyelid scale borders, highlighted with a dark border on upper eyelid. Dark marking occurs dorsally and dorsolaterally on trunk from mid neck onto base of tail; size and density of dark marks vary from a few black spots (occupying one to two scales) to broad transverse crossbars. These crossbars are best developed on posterior neck and over shoulders, becoming smaller and fragmented on trunk. In a few individuals, the postorbital stripe continues posteriorly on trunk as fragmented stripe. Narrow, longitudinal greenish flecks occur on dorsum from posterior neck to posterior trunk in slightly less than half the sample and flecks are numerous in about half of these individuals. Venters of most individuals (~80%) are immaculate from chin to vent; scattered, tiny black flecks occur from chest posteriorly in a few other individuals. Ventrally, tails have larger (although still small) black flecks, and in some, fleck forms a midventral series.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3776543FB06C228A5C0FA996FC69059" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB06C228A5C0FA996FC69059" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A5C0FA996B3A9075" bold="true" box="[199,352,1339,1364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Presently known only from Rarotonga,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB06C228A62CFA9E69999075" box="[811,963,1340,1364]" name="Cook Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Cook Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The other
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB06C228A141FA9E6E809075" box="[1094,1242,1340,1364]" name="Cook Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Cook Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
are visited regularly by naturalists, but no one has reported seeing this skink on any of them (G. McCormack,
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A1AAFAC36EB39059" box="[1197,1257,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">in litt</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFD31008FB06C228A1F1FAC26FCA9059" box="[1270,1424,1376,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="2009-11-11">11 Nov. 2009</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3776543FB06C226A5C0FA266E439225" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB06C228A5C0FA266B3590C5" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A5C0FA266B1490BD" bold="true" box="[199,334,1412,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name derives from the Cook
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB06C228A630FA26692690BD" box="[823,892,1412,1436]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
Maori
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB06C228A6D6FA276E6B90BD" box="[977,1073,1413,1436]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A6D6FA276E6B90BD" box="[977,1073,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for wanderer, pilgrim, stranger, alien, and is proposed in reference to the putative recent arrival of this species on Rarotonga. It is proposed as a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB06C228A5C0FA4D6FC792FD" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A5C0FA4D685B9329" bold="true" box="[199,513,1519,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Comparison to other taxa.</emphasis>
|
||
In a review (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B39FB06C228A793FA5269E59329" author="Brown" box="[660,959,1520,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" refString="Brown W. C. & Gibbons, J. R. H. (1986) Species of the Emoia samoensis group of lizards (Scincidae) in the Fiji Islands, with descriptions of two new species. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 44, 41 - 53." type="journal article" year="1986">Brown and Gibbons, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of central Pacific arboreal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB06C228A1F1FA536F659329" box="[1270,1343,1521,1544]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A1F1FA536F659329" box="[1270,1343,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Emoia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations, Brown proposed the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB06C228A4D3F9B7681D930D" box="[468,583,1557,1580]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A4D3F9B7681D930D" box="[468,583,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group [= complex]. Neither in this review nor in his subsequent monograph (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B39FB06C228A420F99A6BE79371" author="Brown" box="[295,445,1592,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" refString="Brown W. C. (1991) Lizards of the genus Emoia (Scincidae) with observations on their evolution and biogeography. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences, 15, i - vi, 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1991">Brown, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) did he provide a definition of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB06C228A656F99B699E9371" box="[849,964,1593,1616]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A656F99B699E9371" box="[849,964,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group or its subgroups, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB06C228A000F99A6F319371" box="[1287,1387,1592,1616]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A000F99A6F319371" box="[1287,1387,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">concolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB06C228A5C7F9FF6B699355" box="[192,307,1629,1652]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A5C7F9FF6B699355" box="[192,307,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroups, proposed therein. The group can be defined by extracting couplets from his key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB06C228A054F9FF6FC69355" box="[1363,1436,1629,1652]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A054F9FF6FC69355" box="[1363,1436,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Emoia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species groups (1991: 4): 11 premaxillary teeth; nasal bone paired (not fused); parietal eye present; anterior loreal elongate, its length equal or nearly so that of posterior loreal; less than 88 Dorsal; less than 44 Midbody; subdigital lamellae smooth rectangular to moderately narrowed (not blade-like). His
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB06C228A6D6F96B6E1E93C1" box="[977,1092,1737,1760]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A6D6F96B6E1E93C1" box="[977,1092,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup is less easily characterized, and at the present, there is no unique character or character set differentiating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB06C228A15FF94E6EE19225" box="[1112,1211,1772,1796]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A15FF94E6EE19225" box="[1112,1211,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">concolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB06C228A1F5F94F6F3F9225" box="[1266,1381,1773,1796]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A1F5F94F6F3F9225" box="[1266,1381,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup members. Three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB06C228A49BF8B368559209" box="[412,527,1809,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A49BF8B368559209" box="[412,527,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup members (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB06C228A7FBF8B369D59209" box="[764,911,1809,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A7FBF8B369D59209" box="[764,911,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">E. samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB06C228A69AF8B36E429209" box="[925,1048,1808,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A69AF8B36E429209" box="[925,1048,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">E. sanfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB06C228A121F8B36EC49209" box="[1062,1182,1808,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A121F8B36EC49209" box="[1062,1182,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB06C228A010F8B36F3A9209" box="[1303,1376,1809,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A010F8B36F3A9209" box="[1303,1376,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Emoia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(>
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB06C228A078F8AD6A99926D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="66.0">66 mm</quantity>
|
||
minimum adult SVL), but several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB06C228A74DF89668F4926D" box="[586,686,1844,1868]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A74DF89668F4926D" box="[586,686,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">concolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup members also do not mature (females) at SVLs less than
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B2DFB06C228A590F8F56ABD924E" box="[151,231,1879,1903]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB06C228A428F8FB6BE79251" box="[303,445,1881,1904]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A428F8FB6BE79251" box="[303,445,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Emoia nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In spite of this difficulty, we tentatively accept Brown’s two subgroups, although recognizing that our molecular data do not advocate his species assignments [our molecular data set lacks representation from many islands, hence it is too soon to re-partition membership in Brown’s two subgroups]. Because of its gross similarity to other member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB06C228A758F867688892FD" box="[607,722,1989,2012]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A758F867688892FD" box="[607,722,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup, we treat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB06C228A6B0F8676E6D92FD" box="[951,1079,1989,2012]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB06C228A6B0F8676E6D92FD" box="[951,1079,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">E. tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a member of that subgroup.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB07C229A590FF356BB595D6" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
The following comparison focuses on the members of that subgroup and select members (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A1B5FF3B6F299591" box="[1202,1395,153,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aneityumensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A1B5FF3B6F299591" box="[1202,1395,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. aneityumensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A083FF3B6B9795F5" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A083FF3B6B1395F5" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigromarginata">E. nigromarginata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A45FFF1F6B9795F5" box="[344,461,188,212]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">E. parkeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A736FF1E68CE95F5" box="[561,660,188,212]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A736FF1E68CE95F5" box="[561,660,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">concolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup identified as sister-group taxa in our molecular analysis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B39FB07C229A599FF7D6BC995D6" author="Hamilton" box="[158,403,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Hamilton, A. M., Zug, G. R. & Austin, C. C. (2010) Biogeographic anomaly or human introduction: a cryptogenic population of tree skink (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Cook Islands, Oceania. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 318 - 328." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Hamilton
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A416FF436B1395D9" box="[273,329,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="13562A4DFB07C229A499FF7D6B8495D6" box="[414,478,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1909,1932]" captionTargetBox="[454,1101,1478,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[444,1122,1472,1888]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A stylized cladogram illustrating the phylogenetic relationships among South Pacific Emoia samoensis species group members. These species were used as comparative taxa. The relationships depicted in this cladogram are from the phylogenetic tree constructed using a combined analysis (Maximum Likelihood, Bayesian Inference, Maximum Parsimony) of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA published in Hamilton et al. (2010: fig. 2)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276846/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB07C229A5C0FEA66B8C97A5" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Conceptually for
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B39FB07C229A48BFEA76874943D" author="Brown" box="[396,558,260,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Brown W. C. (1991) Lizards of the genus Emoia (Scincidae) with observations on their evolution and biogeography. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences, 15, i - vi, 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1991">Brown (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A73DFEA768A4943D" box="[570,766,261,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A73DFEA768A4943D" box="[570,766,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Emoia samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the large, ‘green’ skink of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB07C229A162FEA66EEF943D" box="[1125,1205,260,284]" name="Samoa" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
; we similarly accept the Samoan populations as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A4D7FE8B68399461" box="[464,611,297,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A4D7FE8B68399461" box="[464,611,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For Brown,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A7F8FE8B69239461" box="[767,889,296,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A7F8FE8B69239461" box="[767,889,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the large, greenish brown and usually dark cross-barred skinks of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB07C229A49AFEEE6B9D9445" box="[413,455,332,356]" name="Fiji" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Rotuma,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB07C229A73AFEEF68DC9444" box="[573,646,333,357]" name="Tonga" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and Rarotonga. Although we initially accepted the skinks from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB07C229A069FEEE6FC29445" box="[1390,1432,332,356]" name="Fiji" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Rotuma, and Rarotonga as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A4CAFED3681C94A9" box="[461,582,368,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A4CAFED3681C94A9" box="[461,582,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, our molecular analysis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B39FB07C229A661FECD6E0494A6" author="Hamilton" box="[870,1118,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Hamilton, A. M., Zug, G. R. & Austin, C. C. (2010) Biogeographic anomaly or human introduction: a cryptogenic population of tree skink (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Cook Islands, Oceania. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 318 - 328." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Hamilton
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A6DCFED36E4E94A9" box="[987,1044,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) revealed the uniqueness of populations of ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A44BFE366BFF948D" box="[332,421,404,428]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A44BFE366BFF948D" box="[332,421,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’, hence requiring a conceptual adjustment; thus, we compare
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A16BFE376EB7948D" box="[1132,1261,405,428]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A16BFE376EB7948D" box="[1132,1261,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A03EFE366FC8948D" box="[1337,1426,404,428]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A03EFE366FC8948D" box="[1337,1426,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ from separate island groups. A sample from Brown’s and Gibbon’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D6886AFB07C229A68FFE1A69E294F1" box="[904,952,440,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EF0373FB07C229A10BFE156E3894EE" box="[1036,1122,439,463]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,235,296,317]" captionText="TABLE 2. Summary of variation in select mensural characters in adult samples of the Emoia samoensis species group. Mean ± 1 standard deviation, range, and statistically significant dimorphism * (Student’s t p ≤ 0.05); sample size in brackets; SVL & HeadL in mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EF0373FB07C229A169FE156E2694EE" box="[1134,1148,439,463]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,235,370,391]" captionText="TABLE 3. Summary of variation in select meristic characters in adult samples of the Emoia samoensis species group. Median ± 1 standard deviation, range, and statistically significant dimorphism * (Student’s t p ≤ 0.05); sample size in brackets." pageId="7" pageNumber="54">3</tableCitation>
|
||
) immediately reveals differences; however, use of these data is inappropriate because the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D6886AFB07C229A672FE7F69FF94D4" box="[885,933,477,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series encompasses a broad geographic area including Rotuma and all Fijian island groups and probably represents multiple genetic entities (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13562A4DFB07C229A013FE5D6F0C9736" box="[1300,1366,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1909,1932]" captionTargetBox="[454,1101,1478,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[444,1122,1472,1888]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A stylized cladogram illustrating the phylogenetic relationships among South Pacific Emoia samoensis species group members. These species were used as comparative taxa. The relationships depicted in this cladogram are from the phylogenetic tree constructed using a combined analysis (Maximum Likelihood, Bayesian Inference, Maximum Parsimony) of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA published in Hamilton et al. (2010: fig. 2)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276846/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The northern Fijian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A441FD876BE5971D" box="[326,447,548,572]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A441FD876BE5971D" box="[326,447,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sample includes individuals from the type-locality, Ovalau, and other islands (e.g.,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB07C229A075FD866FC6971D" box="[1394,1436,548,572]" name="Fiji" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Viti</collectingCountry>
|
||
Levu, Vanua Levu) that were parts of single landmasses or separated by narrow marine straits during the last glacial period (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B39FB07C229A5E9FDCE6B9297A5" author="Zug" box="[238,456,620,644]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Zug, G. R. (1991) The lizards of Fiji: natural history and systematics. Bishop Museum Bulletins in Zoology, 2, i - xii, 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="1991">Zug, 1991:fig. 17B</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB07C229A5C0FD2D68F8967D" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A5FBFD336B229789" box="[252,376,656,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A5FBFD336B229789" box="[252,376,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
population of Kadavu has insufficient specimens for valid morphological comparison even though it is genetically distinct from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A78BFD1668BF97ED" box="[652,741,692,716]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A78BFD1668BF97ED" box="[652,741,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations. The Rotuman
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A12DFD166ED997ED" box="[1066,1155,692,716]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A12DFD166ED997ED" box="[1066,1155,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sample is large, but we lacked genetic samples for inclusion in our molecular analysis. With these caveats, we compare
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A1CAFD7B6F1697D1" box="[1229,1356,729,752]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A1CAFD7B6F1697D1" box="[1229,1356,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to five
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A590FD5F6B509635" box="[151,266,765,788]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A590FD5F6B509635" box="[151,266,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup populations/samples:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A779FD5F69DB9635" authority="(Samoa)" baseAuthorityName="Samoa" box="[638,897,764,788]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A779FD5F694E9635" box="[638,788,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB07C229A621FD5E69229635" box="[806,888,764,788]" name="Samoa" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A697FD5F6E519635" box="[912,1035,764,788]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A697FD5F6E519635" box="[912,1035,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB07C229A18EFD5E6EE99635" box="[1161,1203,764,788]" name="Fiji" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including the typelocality);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A402FC836BA39616" authority="(Rotuma)" baseAuthorityName="Rotuma" box="[261,505,799,824]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A402FC836BDA9619" box="[261,384,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
(Rotuma)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A700FC8368BD9616" authority="(Tonga)" baseAuthorityName="Tonga" box="[519,743,799,824]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A700FC8368DB9619" box="[519,641,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB07C229A794FCBD68859616" box="[659,735,799,823]" name="Tonga" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A7F2FC8369B59616" authority="(Vanuatu)" baseAuthorityName="Vanuatu" box="[757,1007,799,824]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A7F2FC8369299619" box="[757,883,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. sanfordi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB07C229A683FCBD69BD9616" box="[900,999,799,823]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and to its three sister-group taxa (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A083FC836B6C967D" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aneityumensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A083FC836B6C967D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. aneityumensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A444FCE7684B967D" box="[323,529,837,860]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigromarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A444FCE7684B967D" box="[323,529,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. nigromarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A727FCE768C8967D" box="[544,658,836,860]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A727FCE768C8967D" box="[544,658,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF126640FB07C229A590FC2E6BBB96DC" ID-Table-UUID="DF126640FB07C229A590FC2E6BBB96DC" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF126640FB07C229A590FC2E6BBB96DC" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[151,1330,1152,1446]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB07C229A590FC2E6BBB96DC" blockId="7.[151,1436,907,1022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A590FC2E6B5E9680" bold="true" box="[151,260,908,929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Summary of distinguishing characters between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A7EBFC2F69D49683" box="[748,910,909,930]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A7EBFC2F69D49683" box="[748,910,909,930]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Emoia tuitarare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A6FDFC2F6E669683" box="[1018,1084,909,930]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A6FDFC2F6E669683" box="[1018,1084,909,930]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Emoia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species and populations examined in this study (for adult females). Differences distinguishing species are denoted (ν); those with differences that are statistically significant for mean ± 2 standard errors (ν). Percent divergence among lineages for 1726 bp of mitochondrial DNA is from analysis in Hamilton
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A468FC4B6BF896DF" box="[367,418,1000,1022]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB07C229A708FB8469BE92FF" blockId="7.[199,1417,1062,1120]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,1522,2015]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Size Scale Characters Genetic Data Taxa SVL Dorsal Midbody 4FingLm 4ToeLm Divergence Among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A448FA566B98932A" box="[335,450,1524,1547]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A448FA566B98932A" box="[335,450,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A743FA56689E932A" box="[580,708,1524,1547]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A743FA56689E932A" box="[580,708,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A7F8FA566923932A" box="[767,889,1523,1547]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A7F8FA566923932A" box="[767,889,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-Rotuma are the smallest members (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EF0373FB07C229A010FA506F35932B" box="[1303,1391,1522,1546]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,235,296,317]" captionText="TABLE 2. Summary of variation in select mensural characters in adult samples of the Emoia samoensis species group. Mean ± 1 standard deviation, range, and statistically significant dimorphism * (Student’s t p ≤ 0.05); sample size in brackets; SVL & HeadL in mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EF0373FB07C229A07AFA506FD4932B" box="[1405,1422,1522,1546]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,235,908,929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1330,1152,1446]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 4. Summary of distinguishing characters between Emoia tuitarare and other Emoia species and populations examined in this study (for adult females). Differences distinguishing species are denoted (ν); those with differences that are statistically significant for mean ± 2 standard errors (ν). Percent divergence among lineages for 1726 bp of mitochondrial DNA is from analysis in Hamilton et al. 2010." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF126640FB07C229A590FC2E6BBB96DC" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" tableUuid="DF126640FB07C229A590FC2E6BBB96DC">4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Although males tend to average slightly larger in all members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A6A1F9B56E43930F" box="[934,1049,1559,1582]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A6A1F9B56E43930F" box="[934,1049,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup, mean SVLs of females and males are not statistically different in any subgroup taxon. Indeed, sexual dimorphism does not occur in most mensural traits, although dimorphism is strongly present in the head and body proportional differences for some samples.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A406F9266BE993BA" box="[257,435,1668,1691]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A406F9266BE993BA" box="[257,435,1668,1691]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Emoia tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
share smaller headed females (than males, mensurally) with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A169F9216E9D93BA" box="[1134,1223,1667,1691]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A169F9216E9D93BA" box="[1134,1223,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-Rotuma,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A03EF9216FC893BA" box="[1337,1426,1667,1691]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A03EF9216FC893BA" box="[1337,1426,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB07C229A590F9056A85939E" box="[151,223,1703,1727]" name="Tonga" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A426F90A6BFA939F" box="[289,416,1702,1727]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A426F90A6BFA939F" box="[289,416,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. sanfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the preceding samples and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A7F5F90A69D2939F" box="[754,904,1703,1727]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A7F5F90A69D2939F" box="[754,904,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A6C1F9046E45939F" box="[966,1055,1702,1726]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A6C1F9046E45939F" box="[966,1055,1702,1726]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-type-series share dimorphism of HeadL/SVL. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A463F9696BE793C2" box="[356,445,1739,1763]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A463F9696BE793C2" box="[356,445,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-type-series displays no dimorphism of mensural traits. The proportional differences in size and shape are not greatly different between females and males in any subgroup member, yet statistically significant in all members, for example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A726F8B668EE920A" box="[545,692,1812,1835]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A726F8B668EE920A" box="[545,692,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
HeadL/SVL 21% female vs. 23% male. The most striking dimorphism is the relative differences in TrunkL and HindlL;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A603F895692D926F" box="[772,887,1847,1870]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A603F895692D926F" box="[772,887,1847,1870]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup females have longer trunks and shorter hindlimbs than their conspecifics males. These differences are significantly only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A154F8FE6EBD9252" box="[1107,1255,1884,1907]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A154F8FE6EBD9252" box="[1107,1255,1884,1907]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A1F0F8FE6F2E9252" box="[1271,1396,1883,1907]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A1F0F8FE6F2E9252" box="[1271,1396,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. sanfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A083F8FE6AAA92B7" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A083F8FE6AAA92B7" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-Rotuma, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A495F822684992B7" box="[402,531,1919,1943]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A495F822684992B7" box="[402,531,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among the sister taxa,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A62CF82269A092B7" box="[811,1018,1919,1943]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigromarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A62CF82269A092B7" box="[811,1018,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. nigromarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
displays a relatively smaller head in females, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A421F8066BCD929A" box="[294,407,1955,1979]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A421F8066BCD929A" box="[294,407,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not dimorphic;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A763F8066978929A" box="[612,802,1956,1979]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aneityumensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A763F8066978929A" box="[612,802,1956,1979]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. aneityumensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sample is too small for statistical testing.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A1F1F8066A9392FE" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigromarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A1F1F8066A9392FE" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">E. nigromarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has proportionately larger trunk and shorter hindlimbs in females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB07C229A590FB236F689084" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<table id="F96DC468FB073DD1A590FB226F689087" box="[151,1330,1152,1446]" gridcols="7" gridrows="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<tr id="355D348AFB073DD1A590FB226F6891B2" box="[151,1330,1152,1171]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A590FB226B9D91B2" box="[151,455,1152,1171]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A590FB236B5891B2" box="[151,258,1153,1171]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A590FB236B5891B2" box="[151,258,1153,1171]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">SAMOENSIS</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SUBGROUP
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355D348AFB073DD1A590FB396F689193" box="[151,1330,1179,1202]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A590FB396B9D9193" box="[151,455,1179,1202]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A590FB3F6B6A9193" box="[151,304,1180,1202]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A590FB3F6B6A9193" box="[151,304,1180,1202]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Emoia trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(northern Fiji)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A708FB3968479193" box="[527,541,1179,1202]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A003FB396F689193" box="[1284,1330,1179,1202]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">15%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355D348AFB073DD1A590FB186F6891F0" box="[151,1330,1210,1233]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A590FB186B9D91F0" box="[151,455,1210,1233]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A590FB196A8391F1" box="[151,217,1211,1232]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A590FB196A8391F1" box="[151,217,1211,1232]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Emoia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A5EDFB186BF891F0" authority="(Rotuma)" baseAuthorityName="Rotuma" box="[234,418,1210,1233]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A5EDFB186B6091F1" box="[234,314,1210,1232]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">trossula</emphasis>
|
||
(Rotuma)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A758FB18682191F0" box="[607,635,1210,1233]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A6CAFB186E7391F0" box="[973,1065,1210,1233]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">νν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A003FB186F6891F0" box="[1284,1330,1210,1233]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355D348AFB073DD1A590FB7B6F6891D1" box="[151,1330,1241,1264]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A590FB7B6B9D91D1" box="[151,455,1241,1264]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A590FB786A8391CE" box="[151,217,1242,1263]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A590FB786A8391CE" box="[151,217,1242,1263]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Emoia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A5EDFB7B6BCB91D1" authority="(Tonga)" baseAuthorityName="Tonga" box="[234,401,1241,1264]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A5EDFB7B6B6091CE" box="[234,314,1241,1263]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">trossula</emphasis>
|
||
(Tonga)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A708FB7B684791D1" box="[527,541,1241,1264]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A003FB7B6F6891D1" box="[1284,1330,1241,1264]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">13%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355D348AFB073DD1A590FB5A6F68902F" box="[151,1330,1272,1294]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A590FB5A6B9D902F" box="[151,455,1272,1294]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A590FB5B6BF9902F" authority="(Samoa)" baseAuthorityName="Samoa" box="[151,419,1272,1294]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A590FB5B6B1D902F" box="[151,327,1273,1294]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Emoia samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Samoa)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A708FB5A6847902F" box="[527,541,1272,1294]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A66AFB5A69D3902F" box="[877,905,1272,1294]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A003FB5A6F68902F" box="[1284,1330,1272,1294]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">18%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355D348AFB073DD1A590FAB56F68900C" box="[151,1330,1303,1325]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A590FAB56B9D900C" box="[151,455,1303,1325]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A590FABA6B68900C" box="[151,306,1303,1325]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A590FABA6B68900C" box="[151,306,1303,1325]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Emoia sanfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A708FAB56847900C" box="[527,541,1303,1325]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A758FAB56821900C" box="[607,635,1303,1325]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A66AFAB569D3900C" box="[877,905,1303,1325]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A6CAFAB56E73900C" box="[973,1065,1303,1325]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A003FAB56F68900C" box="[1284,1330,1303,1325]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355D348AFB073DD1A590FA976F68906B" box="[151,1330,1333,1354]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A590FA976B9D906B" box="[151,455,1333,1354]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A590FA976B4D906B" box="[151,279,1333,1354]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A590FA976B4D906B" box="[151,279,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">CONCOLOR</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SUBGROUP
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355D348AFB073DD1A590FAF16F689049" box="[151,1330,1363,1384]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A590FAF16B9D9049" box="[151,455,1363,1384]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A590FAF16B359049" box="[151,367,1363,1384]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aneityumensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A590FAF16B359049" box="[151,367,1363,1384]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Emoia aneityumensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A758FAF168219049" box="[607,635,1363,1384]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A7D0FAF168BF9049" box="[727,741,1363,1384]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A66AFAF169D39049" box="[877,905,1363,1384]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A6CAFAF16E739049" box="[973,1065,1363,1384]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A003FAF16F689049" box="[1284,1330,1363,1384]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">11%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355D348AFB073DD1A590FAD06F6890A6" box="[151,1330,1394,1415]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A590FAD06B9D90A6" box="[151,455,1394,1415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A590FAD06B2490A6" box="[151,382,1394,1415]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigromarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A590FAD06B2490A6" box="[151,382,1394,1415]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Emoia nigromarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A708FAD0684790A6" box="[527,541,1394,1415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A758FAD0682190A6" box="[607,635,1394,1415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A66AFAD069D390A6" box="[877,905,1394,1415]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A6CAFAD06E7390A6" box="[973,1065,1394,1415]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A003FAD06F6890A6" box="[1284,1330,1394,1415]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">11%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355D348AFB073DD1A590FA326F689087" box="[151,1330,1424,1446]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A590FA326B9D9087" box="[151,455,1424,1446]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB07C229A590FA336B709087" box="[151,298,1424,1446]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB07C229A590FA336B709087" box="[151,298,1424,1446]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Emoia parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A708FA3268479087" box="[527,541,1424,1446]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A758FA3268219087" box="[607,635,1424,1446]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A66AFA3269D39087" box="[877,905,1424,1446]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A6CAFA326E739087" box="[973,1065,1424,1446]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">ν</td>
|
||
<td id="768C5DF6FB073DD1A003FA326F689087" box="[1284,1330,1424,1446]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">21%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB08C226A5C0FF3A6E2B94A6" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1796]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
In most scalation features,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A4F4FF3B68289591" box="[499,626,153,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A4F4FF3B68289591" box="[499,626,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A644FF3B69EC9591" box="[835,950,153,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A644FF3B69EC9591" box="[835,950,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup members. It matches
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A01CFF3B6FC89591" box="[1307,1426,152,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A01CFF3B6FC89591" box="[1307,1426,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- type-series,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A419FF1F6BCF95F5" box="[286,405,188,212]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A419FF1F6BCF95F5" box="[286,405,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB08C226A49AFF1F6BBD95F4" box="[413,487,189,213]" name="Tonga" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A726FF1F68E995F5" box="[545,691,189,212]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A726FF1F68E995F5" box="[545,691,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Dorsal, and those three taxa as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A182FF1F6F4D95F5" box="[1157,1303,189,212]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A182FF1F6F4D95F5" box="[1157,1303,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A04AFF1F6A9795D9" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A04AFF1F6A9795D9" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. sanfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Midbody. In digit lamellae,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A733FF4368F495D9" box="[564,686,224,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A733FF4368F495D9" box="[564,686,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type-series,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A647FF4369E095D9" box="[832,954,224,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A647FF4369E095D9" box="[832,954,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB08C226A6C5FF426E5695D9" box="[962,1036,224,248]" name="Tonga" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A14CFF436E8595D9" box="[1099,1247,225,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A14CFF436E8595D9" box="[1099,1247,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
average slightly fewer lamellae than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A484FEA7685E943D" box="[387,516,261,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A484FEA7685E943D" box="[387,516,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EF0373FB08C226A712FEA66834943D" box="[533,622,260,284]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,235,370,391]" captionText="TABLE 3. Summary of variation in select meristic characters in adult samples of the Emoia samoensis species group. Median ± 1 standard deviation, range, and statistically significant dimorphism * (Student’s t p ≤ 0.05); sample size in brackets." pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A616FEA769D6943D" box="[785,908,260,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A616FEA769D6943D" box="[785,908,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-Rotuma and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A12DFEA76EF2943D" box="[1066,1192,260,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A12DFEA76EF2943D" box="[1066,1192,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. sanfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have distinctly more lamellae, especially so for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A4CCFE8B68129461" box="[459,584,296,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A4CCFE8B68129461" box="[459,584,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. sanfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The sister taxa have distinctly fewer digital lamellae than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A1F4FE8B6F2E9461" box="[1267,1396,297,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A1F4FE8B6F2E9461" box="[1267,1396,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A083FE8B6B1C9445" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigromarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A083FE8B6B1C9445" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. nigromarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A47BFEEF6BB79445" box="[380,493,332,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A47BFEEF6BB79445" box="[380,493,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have fewer Dorsal and Midbody than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A6C9FEEF6E179445" box="[974,1101,333,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A6C9FEEF6E179445" box="[974,1101,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; in contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A1D9FEEF6FC69445" box="[1246,1436,333,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aneityumensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A1D9FEEF6FC69445" box="[1246,1436,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. aneityumensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the highest number of Dorsal and Midbody of all the samples compared (Table 3,4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB08C226A5C0FE366EFD9685" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1796]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Coloration in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A48AFE37685A948D" box="[397,512,405,428]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A48AFE37685A948D" box="[397,512,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup has two general patterns: a dorsal black barred (transverse) pattern on a brown to olive background, or a bright green background with black smudges dorsally. The latter pattern occurs only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A5EBFE7F6B3D94D5" box="[236,359,476,500]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A5EBFE7F6B3D94D5" box="[236,359,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. sanfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The top of the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A776FE7F68B694D5" box="[625,748,476,500]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A776FE7F68B694D5" box="[625,748,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. sanfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
almost always has a black blotch, usually covering the posterior third of the head, occasionally the posterior two-thirds of the head. The black smudging on the dorsum of the neck and trunk is variable, ranging from absent to extensive, i.e., covering ½ to 2/3 of dorsal surface. The barred pattern occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A45EFDEB6BB19741" box="[345,491,585,608]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A45EFDEB6BB19741" box="[345,491,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A4FEFDEB682B9741" box="[505,625,584,608]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A4FEFDEB682B9741" box="[505,625,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A7A8FDEB69749741" box="[687,814,585,608]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A7A8FDEB69749741" box="[687,814,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the amount of barring variable within and among these taxa. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A436FDCF6B9997A5" box="[305,451,621,644]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A436FDCF6B9997A5" box="[305,451,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB08C226A717FDCE683B97A5" box="[528,609,620,644]" name="Samoa" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
), the bars are numerous, narrow, and fragmented, commonly of four parts, two dorsolateral and a lateral one on each side. This latter pattern also occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A11BFD336ECF9789" box="[1052,1173,656,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A11BFD336ECF9789" box="[1052,1173,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB08C226A003FD2D6F759786" box="[1284,1327,655,679]" name="Fiji" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
; although generally with fewer bars and those bars concentrated on the neck and anterior half of the trunk.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A011FD176FC897ED" box="[1302,1426,692,716]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A011FD176FC897ED" box="[1302,1426,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- Rotuma has narrower dorsal bars that are continuous across the midline on most individuals, but separated in some and absent in a few individuals. The lateral barring forms a nearly continuous, broad black lateral stripe from posterior edge of eye to axilla in most individuals. Almost all Rotuman
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A68CFC836E599619" box="[907,1027,800,824]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A68CFC836E599619" box="[907,1027,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have numerous bright, ‘yellow’ longitudinal flecks on dorsal, dorsolateral, and lateral surface of the trunk.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A6D7FCE76E10967D" box="[976,1098,836,860]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A6D7FCE76E10967D" box="[976,1098,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. trossula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A7658FB08C226A156FCE76EC3967C" box="[1105,1177,837,861]" name="Tonga" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||
has a few small black dorsal and dorsolateral bars, mainly on the posterior half of neck and anterior half of trunk. Of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A1F6FCCB6F3E96A1" box="[1265,1380,873,896]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A1F6FCCB6F3E96A1" box="[1265,1380,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup members, the Rotuma and Rarotongan populations are the most similar in appearance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB08C226A5C0FC136AA191C6" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1796]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
None of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A451FC126BE096E9" box="[342,442,944,968]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A451FC126BE096E9" box="[342,442,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">concolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup taxa have the transverse barred and bright flecking pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A1F3FC136F2E96E9" box="[1268,1396,945,968]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A1F3FC136F2E96E9" box="[1268,1396,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A083FC136AA096CD" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A083FC136AA096CD" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. concolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as name implies, is nearly unicolor, ranging from green to greenish brown.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A16FFC776F7296CD" box="[1128,1320,981,1004]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aneityumensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A16FFC776F7296CD" box="[1128,1320,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. aneityumensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A031FC776B4B9131" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A031FC776B579131" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigromarginata">E. nigromarginata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A44DFC5B6BE79131" box="[330,445,1016,1040]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A44DFC5B6BE79131" box="[330,445,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A7FEFC5B69239131" box="[761,889,1017,1040]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A7FEFC5B69239131" box="[761,889,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
yet they have dissimilar patterns to one another and to
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A5E1FBBF686C9115" box="[230,566,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A5E1FBBF6B319115" box="[230,363,1053,1076]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">E. tuitarere</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A471FBBF686C9115" box="[374,566,1053,1076]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aneityumensis">E. aneityumensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a brownish olive background, either unicolor or with vague dark brown blotches dorsally and dorsolaterally on the trunk.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A7D2FBE369FC9179" box="[725,934,1089,1112]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigromarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A7D2FBE369FC9179" box="[725,934,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. nigromarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a silvery to coppery gray ground color with a series of small, black spots on trunk and a scattering of small black blotch dorsally.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A19DFBC76F56915D" box="[1178,1292,1124,1148]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A19DFBC76F56915D" box="[1178,1292,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a brightly striped lizard, with a coppery brown middorsal stripe bordered parasagittally by black, irregularly edged stripe, dorsolateral light stripe, and laterally another black, irregularly edged stripe. The lateral stripe extends from snout onto tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB08C226A5C0FB566AE79059" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1796]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A5C0FB566BDF902D" bold="true" box="[199,389,1267,1292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A48BFB576866902D" box="[396,572,1269,1292]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A48BFB576866902D" box="[396,572,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Emoia tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an arboreal lizard, but not strictly so. Individuals are most frequently seen on the sides of trees, often in head-down position, perhaps to scan the forest floor or lower shrubby vegetation for prey. They also forage amidst the tangle of branch in secondary forest and ecotonal zone between gardens and forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB08C226A5C0FA266EBD90C5" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1796]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
The abundance or at least visibility of this species appears to be affected by weather. Few individuals were observed during a rainy period following a tropical cyclone in
|
||
<date id="FFD31008FB08C226A653FA0A698590E1" box="[852,991,1448,1472]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="1999-03">March 1999</date>
|
||
. The single male (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D6886AFB08C226A1ABFA0A6F4B90E1" box="[1196,1297,1448,1472]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) captured at this time was also reproductive quiescent. During March of other years,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A6C7FA6F6E6590C5" box="[960,1087,1485,1508]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuitarere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A6C7FA6F6E6590C5" box="[960,1087,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. tuitarere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was abundant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236C8FB08C226A5C0FA4D6E439225" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1796]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A5C0FA4D6BA69329" bold="true" box="[199,508,1519,1544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Biogeographic comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A737FA53689E9329" box="[560,708,1521,1544]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A737FA53689E9329" box="[560,708,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">E. samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group is a south-central and south-west Pacific clade of largely arboreal lizards. The two subgroups (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A731F9B668C0930D" box="[566,666,1556,1580]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A731F9B668C0930D" box="[566,666,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">concolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A7C8F9B76918930D" box="[719,834,1557,1580]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A7C8F9B76918930D" box="[719,834,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) overlap broadly throughout this area of Oceania, and in most areas, a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A448F99A6BE99371" box="[335,435,1592,1616]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A448F99A6BE99371" box="[335,435,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">concolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A707F99B68299371" box="[512,627,1593,1616]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A707F99B68299371" box="[512,627,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup member are sympatric. Also in most areas,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A1D0F99B6F3E9371" box="[1239,1380,1593,1616]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A1D0F99B6F3E9371" box="[1239,1380,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Emoia nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one of the two primarily terrestrial species in this clade, has a broad distribution and co-occurs with arboreal congeners through much of the Southwest Pacific. Our present knowledge of phylogenetic relationships supports the monophyly of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D4BFB08C226A42EF9076BC6939D" box="[297,412,1701,1724]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A42EF9076BC6939D" box="[297,412,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group and suggests paraphyly of the two subgroups (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B39FB08C226A6FBF9066EAF939D" author="Hamilton" box="[1020,1269,1700,1724]" pageId="8" pageNumber="56" refString="Hamilton, A. M., Zug, G. R. & Austin, C. C. (2010) Biogeographic anomaly or human introduction: a cryptogenic population of tree skink (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Cook Islands, Oceania. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 318 - 328." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Hamilton
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EADAFB08C226A177F9076EF0939D" box="[1136,1194,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, our morphological and molecular data indicate that diversity is considerably greater than our present taxonomy displays. Until this diversity is described, biogeographic hypotheses are premature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |