312 lines
39 KiB
XML
312 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="324CC866C5EB2D10899B6AE97F1A8C7A" ID-CLB-Dataset="31878" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2015.163" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5a9f4750-4b2a-47f1-b2ea-ce2550eaec80" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1406672" ID-ZooBank="69DE247F-A00E-48B1-845F-191C0FC03F8B" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1500304176980" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Jocqué, Rudy & Henrard, Arnaud" docDate="2015" docId="03BC177F992FFFF91A9DFDE8FA0CF780" docLanguage="en" docName="Jocque_2015_Ballomma_a_new_Afrotropical_genus_in_the.pdf.imf (Done).imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 163 (163)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8DBBCD0342F59C7B93E4D60327A07408.6:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="8DBBCD0342F59C7B93E4D60327A07408" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Ballomma, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="CF0FE505-E714-4A09-8575-CFFC06C32C9A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FF856F07992DFFFA1855FFE5FF91FF8D" masterDocTitle="Ballomma, a new Afrotropical genus in the Cryptothelinae (Araneae, Zodariidae): eyes on the run" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1734012444820" updateUser="guilherme">
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<mods:title id="096BDEE98A00A1228AF238ABFB6C374C">Ballomma, a new Afrotropical genus in the Cryptothelinae (Araneae, Zodariidae): eyes on the run</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="57E5F3215551BFC35E377BEB4228FB65">Jocqué, Rudy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1998D189BEC69D714C97D0C9ADFD637F">Henrard, Arnaud</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FAC46F68DF4A5644BEAB972111BA4675">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3BF12EBE838AD7AF22EEAF2E7949E7DB">
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<mods:date id="93FB8F30D734850592488A3D33D33856">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BC177F992FFFF91A9DFDE8FA0CF780" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6096851" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135130178" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6096851" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CF0FE505-E714-4A09-8575-CFFC06C32C9A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC177F992FFFF91A9DFDE8FA0CF780" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" scope_order="Araneae">
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<subSubSection id="C30FF5E2992FFFF81A9DFDE8FC29FDA5" box="[712,952,525,552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAAA669992FFFF81A9DFDE8FC29FDA5" blockId="2.[406,1258,525,588]" box="[712,952,525,552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0E21105992FFFF81A9DFDE8FC29FDA5" box="[712,952,525,552]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C15DDEA992FFFF81A9DFDE8FCD7FDA5" ID-CoL="37P9" ID-ENA="2033115" authority="Jocqué & Henrard, 2015" box="[712,838,525,552]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Ballomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9617A7B992FFFF81A9DFDE8FCD7FDA5" bold="true" box="[712,838,525,552]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ballomma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A252C700992FFFF81B18FDEBFC29FDA5" box="[845,952,526,552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30FF5E2992FFFF819C3FDD4FB7BFDC6" box="[406,1258,561,588]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAAA669992FFFF819C3FDD4FB7BFDC6" blockId="2.[406,1258,525,588]" box="[406,1258,561,588]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CF0FE505-E714-4A09-8575-CFFC0 6C32C9A</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30FF5E2992FFFF818B6FD8AFDEDFD35" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BAAA669992FFFF818B6FD8AFEECFD05" blockId="2.[227,636,622,696]" box="[227,381,622,649]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0E21105992FFFF818B6FD8AFEECFD05" bold="true" box="[227,381,622,649]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B9617A7B992FFFF818B6FD8AFEECFD05" bold="true" box="[227,381,622,649]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<typeStatus id="54AE18CB992FFFF818B6FD8AFEB1FD04" box="[227,288,623,649]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAAA669992FFFF818B6FD78FDEDFD35" blockId="2.[227,636,622,696]" box="[227,636,669,696]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C15DDEA992FFFF818B6FD78FE54FD3A" ID-CoL="KHK7" box="[227,453,669,695]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Ballomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erasmus">
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<emphasis id="B9617A7B992FFFF818B6FD78FE54FD3A" box="[227,453,669,695]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ballomma erasmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. nov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30FF5E2992FFFF818B6FD3EFA8FFC00" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BAAA669992FFFF818B6FD3EFECDFD78" blockId="2.[227,1437,731,910]" box="[227,348,731,757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0E21105992FFFF818B6FD3EFECDFD78" bold="true" box="[227,348,731,757]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B9617A7B992FFFF818B6FD3EFECDFD78" bold="true" box="[227,348,731,757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAAA669992FFFF818B6FCECFA8FFC00" blockId="2.[227,1437,731,910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C15DDEA992FFFF818B6FCECFECDFCAE" box="[227,348,777,803]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Ballomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9617A7B992FFFF818B6FCECFECDFCAE" box="[227,348,777,803]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ballomma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A252C700992FFFF81936FCEFFE5FFCA9" box="[355,462,778,804]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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is a member of the Cryptothelinae characterized by the eye position with touching ALE and AME, the shield-shaped sternum without or with tiny precoxal sclerites, the female palp with triangular flattened palpal tarsus, the male palp with concave tegulum accommodating the thin, slightly curved embolus directed diagonally over the tegulum and the epigyne with cul-de-sac ducts.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30FF5E2992FFFF818B6FC54FC65FB90" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BAAA669992FFFF818B6FC54FEFBFC46" blockId="2.[227,1436,945,1053]" box="[227,362,945,971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0E21105992FFFF818B6FC54FEFBFC46" bold="true" box="[227,362,945,971]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B9617A7B992FFFF818B6FC54FEFBFC46" bold="true" box="[227,362,945,971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAAA669992FFFF818B6FC3AFC65FB90" blockId="2.[227,1436,945,1053]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">The genus name is derived from the combined Greek terms βαλλω (= to touch) and ομμα (=eye), referring to the touching anterior lateral eyes. The gender is neuter.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30FF5E2992FFFF818B6FBA5FECAF981" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BAAA669992FFFF818B6FBA5FEC4FBD7" blockId="2.[227,1437,1088,1548]" box="[227,341,1088,1114]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0E21105992FFFF818B6FBA5FEC4FBD7" bold="true" box="[227,341,1088,1114]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B9617A7B992FFFF818B6FBA5FEC4FBD7" bold="true" box="[227,341,1088,1114]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Affinities</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAAA669992FFFF818B6FB8AFECAF981" blockId="2.[227,1437,1088,1548]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C15DDEA992FFFF818B6FB8AFECDFB04" box="[227,348,1135,1161]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Ballomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9617A7B992FFFF818B6FB8AFECDFB04" box="[227,348,1135,1161]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ballomma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A252C700992FFFF81931FB8AFE5EFB04" box="[356,463,1135,1161]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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clearly belongs to the Cryptothelinae, a subfamily of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C15DDEA992FFFF81C2FFB8AFB68FB04" box="[1146,1273,1135,1161]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Zodariidae</taxonomicName>
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that has been characterized by nomenclatorial problems: poor definitions and misplacements (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF84DB98992FFFF81CDFFB77FAB3FB21" author="Jocque R." box="[1162,1314,1170,1196]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 160" part="201" refId="ref7752" refString="Jocque R. 1991. A generic revision of the spider family Zodariidae (Araneae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 201: 1 - 160." title="A generic revision of the spider family Zodariidae (Araneae)" type="journal article" year="1991">Jocqué 1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF84DB98992FFFF81D78FB77FE19FB5D" author="Jocque R. & Henrard A." journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 33" part="152" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ ejt.2015.152" refId="ref7917" refString="Jocque R. & Henrard A. 2015. The new spider genus Palindroma, featuring a novel synapomorphy for the Zodariidae (Araneae). European Journal of Taxonomy 152: 1 - 33. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2015.152" title="The new spider genus Palindroma, featuring a novel synapomorphy for the Zodariidae (Araneae)" type="journal article" year="2015">Jocqué & Henrard 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). It has the modified endites and an eye position of a
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<typeStatus id="54AE18CB992FFFF81B8AFB53FB83FB5D" box="[991,1042,1206,1232]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
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that only occurs in that subfamily. The present genus has some superficial resemblance with
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<taxonomicName id="4C15DDEA992FFFF81BC2FB3DFB32FB7F" authority="Simon, 1887" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1887" box="[919,1187,1240,1266]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Capheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9617A7B992FFFF81BC2FB3DFB92FB7F" box="[919,1027,1240,1266]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Capheris</emphasis>
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Simon, 1887
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</taxonomicName>
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with which it shares the triangular female palpal tarsus and the closely set AME and ALE. However, in
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<taxonomicName id="4C15DDEA992FFFF81CB2FB1EFAF1FA98" box="[1255,1376,1275,1301]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Ballomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9617A7B992FFFF81CB2FB1EFAF1FA98" box="[1255,1376,1275,1301]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ballomma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A252C700992FFFF81D3EFB19FE84FAB4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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the eyes are even more closely set and characters of sternum, carapace profile and structure of the genitalia are all different. As for the latter character there is a superficial resemblance with
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<taxonomicName id="4C15DDEA992FFFF81D67FAA7FE11FAF2" authority="Jocque, 1991" authorityName="Jocque" authorityYear="1991" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Aschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9617A7B992FFFF81D67FAA7FA0DFAD1" box="[1330,1436,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Aschema</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF84DB98992FFFF818B6FA80FE11FAF2" author="Jocque R." box="[227,384,1381,1407]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 160" part="201" refId="ref7752" refString="Jocque R. 1991. A generic revision of the spider family Zodariidae (Araneae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 201: 1 - 160." title="A generic revision of the spider family Zodariidae (Araneae)" type="journal article" year="1991">Jocqué, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Madagascar in which the ALE and AME are also very closely set. The shape of a number of undescribed
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<taxonomicName id="4C15DDEA992FFFF819ADFA6DFDF3FA2F" box="[504,610,1416,1442]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Aschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9617A7B992FFFF819ADFA6DFDF3FA2F" box="[504,610,1416,1442]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Aschema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species have somatic and genitalic characters that come close to those of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C15DDEA992FFFF81966FA4EFE3DFA48" box="[307,428,1451,1477]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Ballomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9617A7B992FFFF81966FA4EFE3DFA48" box="[307,428,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ballomma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A252C700992FFFF819E0FA49FDB2FA4B" box="[437,547,1452,1478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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species in the present article. However, the characteristics of the sternum and carapace and of the genitalia, and the modified leg IV, clearly separate them from the genus here described.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30FF5E2992FFFF918B6F9CAFC16FB89" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAAA669992FFFF818B6F9CAFEE5F9C4" blockId="2.[227,1436,1583,1762]" box="[227,372,1583,1609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0E21105992FFFF818B6F9CAFEE5F9C4" bold="true" box="[227,372,1583,1609]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B9617A7B992FFFF818B6F9CAFEE5F9C4" bold="true" box="[227,372,1583,1609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAAA669992FFFF818B6F9BAFAA2F96F" blockId="2.[227,1436,1583,1762]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">HABITUS. Medium size to small spiders (4.5–7.5) with smooth teguments. Carapace longer than wide (L/W <1.4–1.6), without setae apart from a few longer hairs on clypeus; widest at level of coxae II–III, narrowed to about 0.43–0.66 times maximum width in eye region (cephalic width measured on posterior tangent of PME). Cervical grooves poorly indicated. Profile: flat; fovea in shallow depression.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992FFFF818B6F8E0FCBFF804" blockId="2.[227,1436,1797,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">COLOURATION. Carapace medium brown; chelicerae, legs, mouthparts and sternum medium to orange brown; abdomen dorsum with complex dark pattern on pale background; in some cases with four apodemes, sides grey, venter pale sometimes with dark pattern; in males sclerotized in front of epigastric fold and slightly sclerotized in front of spinnerets.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992FFFF818B6F848FC18F780" blockId="2.[227,1437,1964,2061]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">EYES. In three rows; ALE in front of AME and touching each other; AME close together sometimes touching; posterior row recurved, eyes apart. All eyes pale and subequal. Clypeus retreating, height 2.5 to 3.6 times diameter of AME, with some dispersed setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6FED7FB6AFE55" blockId="3.[227,1437,305,472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">PROSOMA. Chilum double, sometimes poorly delimited, slightly more than twice as wide as high; no setae. Chelicerae conical with many evenly dispersed setae; fangs shorter than wide at base. Labium triangular, narrowed base. Endites roughly triangular, converging, with basolateral extension accommodating palpal coxae. Sternum shield-shaped, as wide as long or slightly longer than wide, without triangular extensions or precoxal sclerites; anterior margin straight, lateral margins slightly sinuous.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6FE1FFA9BFDBA" blockId="3.[227,1436,506,567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LEGS. Slender; formula 4123. Spination reduced on legs I and II, well developed on III and IV with spines numerous on T and Mt III and IV. Spines slender. With few or without hinged hairs.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6FDBCFDD9FD37" blockId="3.[227,1437,601,698]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FEMALE PALP. With tarsus triangular and flattened, with row of prolateral thorns, retrolaterally with some thin spines; palpal claw with some small teeth at base; turned inward over less than 35°; without distal patch of chemosensitive setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6FD3EFD12FCB1" blockId="3.[227,1437,731,828]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ABDOMEN. Oval; tracheal spiracle small, somewhat advanced. Females and juveniles with six spinnerets. Female ALS large, conical, biarticulate. PLS without, PMS with one cylindrical gland spigot. Colulus represented by field with few setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6FCBBFC16FB89" blockId="3.[227,1437,861,1028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MALE PALP. Patella sometimes with swelling; RTA variable; cymbium with well developed basal flange and with group of truncated subapical thorns; subtegulum strongly developed, with transverse ridges; tegulum with prolateral concavity, distally with dorsal and ventral extensions; accommodating thin, slightly curved embolus, directed diagonally over tegulum. Epigyne simple, with internal structure characterized by cul-de-sac ducts, visible in transparency.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30FF5E2992EFFF918B6FBC0FE11FB1C" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6FBC0FEEDFBB2" blockId="3.[227,380,1061,1084]" box="[227,380,1061,1087]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9617A7B992EFFF918B6FBC0FEEDFBB2" bold="true" box="[227,380,1061,1087]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6FBB1FE11FB1C" blockId="3.[227,1436,1108,1169]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C15DDEA992EFFF918B6FBB1FECDFBE3" box="[227,348,1108,1134]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Ballomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9617A7B992EFFF918B6FBB1FECDFBE3" box="[227,348,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ballomma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A252C700992EFFF91931FBB0FE41FBE2" box="[356,464,1109,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is so far only found in the mountain forests of the Limpopo Province in northern South Africa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30FF5E2992EFFF918B6FB56FA0CF780" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6FB56FC8AFB43" blockId="3.[227,1437,1203,1311]" box="[227,795,1203,1230]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9617A7B992EFFF918B6FB56FE50FB40" bold="true" box="[227,449,1203,1229]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Key to the species</emphasis>
|
||
(male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C15DDEA992EFFF91A67FB51FD0DFB40" box="[562,668,1203,1229]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Ballomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="legala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9617A7B992EFFF91A67FB51FD0DFB40" box="[562,668,1203,1229]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">B. legala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
unknown)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<key id="FF84F158992EFFF918B6FB07FA0CF780" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyStep id="30E1BECC992EFFF918B6FB07FA0CFA92" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6FB07FA0DFB71" blockId="3.[227,1437,1203,1311]" box="[227,1436,1250,1276]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E4055C992EFFF918B6FB07FA0DFB71" box="[227,1436,1250,1276]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1. Males …………………………………………………………………………………………………2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6FAE0FA0CFA92" blockId="3.[227,1437,1203,1311]" box="[227,1437,1285,1311]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E4055C992EFFF918B6FAE0FA0CFA92" box="[227,1437,1285,1311]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">– Females ………………………………………………………………………………………………4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E1BECC992EFFF918B6FAA3FA0CFA47" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6FAA3FA0CFA09" blockId="3.[227,1437,1350,1482]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E4055C992EFFF918B6FAA3FA0CFA09" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
2. Area in front of epigastric fold with field of spinules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132EBAEC992EFFF91B0FFAA3FC0CFAED" box="[858,925,1350,1376]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="4.[227,270,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[227,1437,801,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[227,1437,801,1937]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Ballomma erasmus gen. et sp. nov. Holotype, ♂. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. Prosoma, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3471684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3471684/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 11C); embolus base without or with small appendage (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132EBAEC992EFFF919DBFA8CFE49FA09" box="[398,472,1385,1412]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="6.[227,270,2002,2028]" captionTargetBox="[308,1353,1162,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[299,1357,1144,1958]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Ballomma erasmus gen. et sp. nov. A – B. Holotype, ♂. C. Paratype, ♀. A. Male palp, retrolateral view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1406678/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 12B) ……………………………………………………………………………3
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6FA68FA0CFA47" blockId="3.[227,1437,1350,1482]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E4055C992EFFF918B6FA68FA0CFA47" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
– Area in front of epigastric fold without field of spinules; embolus base with large, strongly sclerotized pointed appendage (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132EBAEC992EFFF919A6FA55FDAAFA47" box="[499,571,1456,1482]" captionStart="Fig. 7" captionStartId="11.[227,270,2002,2028]" captionTargetBox="[313,1322,1192,1988]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[295,1353,1166,1996]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 7. Ballomma haddadi gen. et sp. nov. A – B. Holotype, ♂. C. ♀ (MRAC 132641). A. Male palp, retrolateral view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1406686/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B) ……………………………………………
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C15DDEA992EFFF91C00FA55FB4AFA47" box="[1109,1243,1455,1482]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Ballomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haddadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9617A7B992EFFF91C00FA55FB4AFA47" bold="true" box="[1109,1243,1455,1482]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">B. haddadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E1BECC992EFFF918B6FA14FA0CF9F8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6FA14FA0CF9A2" blockId="3.[227,1437,1521,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E4055C992EFFF918B6FA14FA0CF9A2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
3. Distal part of RTA with transparent concave part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132EBAEC992EFFF91B60FA14FC16F986" box="[821,903,1521,1547]" captionStart="Fig. 12" captionStartId="18.[227,270,2002,2028]" captionTargetBox="[314,1338,1090,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[295,1353,1058,1952]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 12. Ballomma neethlingi gen. et sp. nov. A – B. ♂ (NCA 76 / 1048) C. Holotype, ♀. A. Male palp, retrolateral view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1406696/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
A); embolus almost straight, short, half as long as tegulum, tegular process small, directed medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132EBAEC992EFFF91B33F9F1FC2BF9A2" box="[870,954,1556,1583]" captionStart="Fig. 12" captionStartId="18.[227,270,2002,2028]" captionTargetBox="[314,1338,1090,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[295,1353,1058,1952]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 12. Ballomma neethlingi gen. et sp. nov. A – B. ♂ (NCA 76 / 1048) C. Holotype, ♀. A. Male palp, retrolateral view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1406696/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
B) …………
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C15DDEA992EFFF91C04F9F0FB7DF9A2" box="[1105,1260,1556,1583]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Ballomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neethlingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9617A7B992EFFF91C04F9F0FB7DF9A2" bold="true" box="[1105,1260,1556,1583]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">B. neethlingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6F9DCFA0CF9F8" blockId="3.[227,1437,1521,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E4055C992EFFF918B6F9DCFA0CF9F8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9617A7B992EFFF918B6F9DCFF63F9DF" box="[227,242,1593,1618]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
|
||
Distal part of RTA without transparent concave part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132EBAEC992EFFF91BD1F9DDFC5AF9DF" box="[900,971,1592,1618]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="6.[227,270,2002,2028]" captionTargetBox="[308,1353,1162,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[299,1357,1144,1958]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Ballomma erasmus gen. et sp. nov. A – B. Holotype, ♂. C. Paratype, ♀. A. Male palp, retrolateral view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1406678/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A); embolus curved, almost as long as tegulum, tegular process larger, directed apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132EBAEC992EFFF91B36F9BEFC3DF9F8" box="[867,940,1627,1653]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="6.[227,270,2002,2028]" captionTargetBox="[308,1353,1162,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[299,1357,1144,1958]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Ballomma erasmus gen. et sp. nov. A – B. Holotype, ♂. C. Paratype, ♀. A. Male palp, retrolateral view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1406678/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B) …………
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C15DDEA992EFFF91C1FF9BEFB47F9F8" box="[1098,1238,1627,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Ballomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erasmus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9617A7B992EFFF91C1FF9BEFB47F9F8" bold="true" box="[1098,1238,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">B. erasmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E1BECC992EFFF918B6F979FA0CF973" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6F979FA0CF957" blockId="3.[227,1437,1692,1790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E4055C992EFFF918B6F979FA0CF957" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
4. Frontal part of epigyne with V-shaped ducts visible in transparency (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132EBAEC992EFFF91C6CF979FB04F93B" box="[1081,1173,1692,1718]" captionStart="Fig. 10" captionStartId="15.[227,270,2002,2028]" captionTargetBox="[227,1436,1047,1960]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[227,1436,1047,1960]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Ballomma legala gen. et sp. nov. Holotype, ♀. A. Epigyne, ventral view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. Epigyne, digested, dorsal view. D. As preceding, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3471694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3471694/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B), anterior part of endites with field of strong spinules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132EBAEC992EFFF91AE7F95AFD66F957" box="[690,759,1727,1754]" captionStart="Fig. 9" captionStartId="14.[227,270,1969,1995]" captionTargetBox="[227,1436,968,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[227,1436,968,1926]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Ballomma legala gen. et sp. nov. Holotype, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. As preceding, frontal view. D. As preceding, lateral view. E. Mouth parts, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1406690/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
E) ………………………………
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C15DDEA992EFFF91C2FF925FB74F957" box="[1146,1253,1727,1754]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Ballomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="legala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9617A7B992EFFF91C2FF925FB74F957" bold="true" box="[1146,1253,1727,1754]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">B. legala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6F901FA0CF973" blockId="3.[227,1437,1692,1790]" box="[227,1437,1763,1790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E4055C992EFFF918B6F901FA0CF973" box="[227,1437,1763,1790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9617A7B992EFFF918B6F901FF63F970" box="[227,242,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
|
||
Frontal part of epigyne without V-shaped pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132EBAEC992EFFF91B18F906FC06F970" box="[845,919,1763,1789]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="6.[227,270,2002,2028]" captionTargetBox="[308,1353,1162,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[299,1357,1144,1958]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Ballomma erasmus gen. et sp. nov. A – B. Holotype, ♂. C. Paratype, ♀. A. Male palp, retrolateral view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1406678/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 7C); endites without spinules …………5
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E1BECC992EFFF918B6F8C1FA0DF8EC" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6F8C1FA0CF8B2" blockId="3.[227,1437,1828,1890]" box="[227,1437,1828,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E4055C992EFFF918B6F8C1FA0CF8B2" box="[227,1437,1828,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
5. Pattern of internal structure of epigyne X-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132EBAEC992EFFF91B27F8C1FC5AF8B3" box="[882,971,1828,1854]" captionStart="Fig. 12" captionStartId="18.[227,270,2002,2028]" captionTargetBox="[314,1338,1090,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[295,1353,1058,1952]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 12. Ballomma neethlingi gen. et sp. nov. A – B. ♂ (NCA 76 / 1048) C. Holotype, ♀. A. Male palp, retrolateral view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1406696/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
C) ……
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C15DDEA992EFFF91C7AF8C0FB40F8B2" box="[1071,1233,1828,1855]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Ballomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neethlingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9617A7B992EFFF91C7AF8C0FB40F8B2" bold="true" box="[1071,1233,1828,1855]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">B. neethlingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6F8ADFA0DF8EC" blockId="3.[227,1437,1828,1890]" box="[227,1436,1863,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E4055C992EFFF918B6F8ADFA0DF8EC" box="[227,1436,1863,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9617A7B992EFFF918B6F8ADFF63F8EC" box="[227,242,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
|
||
Pattern of internal structure of epigyne not X-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132EBAEC992EFFF91BCBF8A2FC7DF8EF" box="[926,1004,1863,1890]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="6.[227,270,2002,2028]" captionTargetBox="[308,1353,1162,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[299,1357,1144,1958]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Ballomma erasmus gen. et sp. nov. A – B. Holotype, ♂. C. Paratype, ♀. A. Male palp, retrolateral view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1406678/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 7C) ……………………………6
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E1BECC992EFFF918B6F86CFA0CF780" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6F86CFA0CF84A" blockId="3.[227,1437,1929,2061]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E4055C992EFFF918B6F86CFA0CF84A" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
6. Pattern of epigyne with two ring-shaped ducts in front, followed by procurved cul-de-sac ducts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132EBAEC992EFFF9195FF849FEC1F84B" box="[266,336,1964,1990]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="6.[227,270,2002,2028]" captionTargetBox="[308,1353,1162,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[299,1357,1144,1958]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Ballomma erasmus gen. et sp. nov. A – B. Holotype, ♂. C. Paratype, ♀. A. Male palp, retrolateral view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1406678/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C) …………………………………………………………………
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C15DDEA992EFFF91C00F848FB4FF84A" box="[1109,1246,1965,1991]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Ballomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erasmus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9617A7B992EFFF91C00F848FB4FF84A" bold="true" box="[1109,1246,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">B. erasmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAA669992EFFF918B6F835FA0CF780" blockId="3.[227,1437,1929,2061]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E4055C992EFFF918B6F835FA0CF780" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
– Pattern of epigyne with cul-de-sac ducts in front, without ring-shaped ducts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132EBAEC992EFFF91C3FF82AFB3CF864" box="[1130,1197,1999,2025]" captionStart="Fig. 7" captionStartId="11.[227,270,2002,2028]" captionTargetBox="[313,1322,1192,1988]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[295,1353,1166,1996]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 7. Ballomma haddadi gen. et sp. nov. A – B. Holotype, ♂. C. ♀ (MRAC 132641). A. Male palp, retrolateral view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1406686/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C) ………………… ………………………………………………………………………………
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C15DDEA992EFFF91C24F816FB63F780" box="[1137,1266,2034,2061]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Ballomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haddadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9617A7B992EFFF91C24F816FB63F780" bold="true" box="[1137,1266,2034,2061]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">B. haddadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |