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<mods:title id="6FC29DD6353CD7D6AF8C57C4F24DA5F5">Definition of the Elachista puplesisi Sruoga complex (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea, Elachistidae), with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="271F83E40CDA1DA43DEAD0A8211FDFBC">Kaila, Lauri</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="081EE59518CA58ED5D8D54DEF3813E46">Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, FI- 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: lauri. kaila @ helsinki. fi Division of Biosystematics Research, Department of Biology, Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, LT- 08106 Vilnius, Lithuania. E-mail: virginijus. sruoga @ leu. lt</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="039645655E00FF914DB6FEA9FBC9FC71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119937" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183718707" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5119937" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039645655E00FF914DB6FEA9FBC9FC71" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039645655E00FF914DB6FEA9FBC9FC71" lastPageNumber="584" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
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Synapomorphies of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8FF05E00FF914CB1FEB6FDE3FE5B" ID-CoL="927TH" box="[400,514,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Elachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B28615E00FF914CB1FEB6FDE3FE5B" bold="true" box="[400,514,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Elachista</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="C325A7F85E00FF914DB6FE6FFBC9FC71" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B80F4735E00FF914DB6FE6FFBC9FC71" blockId="1.[151,1436,438,931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
The characters listed here are in part illustrated in Figs 112; others are depicted in
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89825E00FF914953FE6FFF02FE21" author="Traugott-Olsen, E. &amp; Nielsen, E. S." pageId="1" pageNumber="584" refId="ref3652" refString="Traugott-Olsen, E. &amp; Nielsen, E. S. (1977) The Elachistidae (Lepidoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 6. Klampenborg, Denmark, 299 pp." type="book" year="1977">Traugott-Olsen &amp; Nielsen (1977)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89825E00FF914DD0FE03FE60FE21" author="Kaila, L." box="[241,385,474,499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" pagination="139 - 169" refId="ref2975" refString="Kaila, L. (1999) Phylogeny and classification of the Elachistidae s. s. (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea). Systematic Entomology, 24, 139 - 169. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.1999.00069. x" type="journal article" year="1999">Kaila (1999)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89825E00FF914C9AFE03FD3DFE21" author="Kaila, L. &amp; Sugisima, K." box="[443,732,474,499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" pagination="7 - 22" refId="ref3300" refString="Kaila, L. &amp; Sugisima, K. (2011) 1. Phylogeny, subfamily definition and generic classification. In: Kaila, L. (Ed.), Elachistine moths of Australia (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Elachistidae). Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera. Vol 11. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 7 - 22." type="book chapter" year="2011">Kaila &amp; Sugisima (2011)</bibRefCitation>
. The valval process is formed as a sclerotised hook. This is a nearly universal character in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8FF05E00FF914CC8FE27FDB2FDC4" box="[489,595,510,534]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Elachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B28615E00FF914CC8FE27FDB2FDC4" box="[489,595,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Elachista</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is secondarily reduced in only a few species; it is present in the
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8FF05E00FF9148A5FE26FF1AFDE9" authorityName="Sruoga" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Elachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puplesisi">
<emphasis id="B94B28615E00FF9148A5FE26FF1AFDE9" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">E. puplesisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. The distal part of the valva, i.e. the area beyond the valval process, is strongly enlarged; this is characteristic of all
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8FF05E00FF914C55FD9FFDD7FD8D" box="[372,566,582,607]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Elachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B94B28615E00FF914C55FD9FFE3FFD8C" box="[372,478,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Elachista</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
except
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8FF05E00FF914FACFD9EFD0CFD8C" authorityName="Sruoga" authorityYear="1992" box="[653,749,583,606]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Elachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinevi">
<emphasis id="B94B28615E00FF914FACFD9EFD0CFD8C" box="[653,749,583,606]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">E. sinevi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89825E00FF914FDDFD9FFC6FFD8D" author="Sruoga, V. A. &amp; Puplesis, R. K." box="[764,910,582,607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" pagination="428 - 441" refId="ref3607" refString="Sruoga, V. A. &amp; Puplesis, R. K. (1992) New species of gramineal Elachistid moths (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae) from Middle Asia and Kazakhstan. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 71 (2), 428 - 441." type="journal article" year="1992">Sruoga 1992</bibRefCitation>
, in
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89825E00FF914E96FD9FFB2BFD8D" author="Sruoga, V. A. &amp; Puplesis, R. K." box="[951,1226,582,607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" pagination="428 - 441" refId="ref3607" refString="Sruoga, V. A. &amp; Puplesis, R. K. (1992) New species of gramineal Elachistid moths (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae) from Middle Asia and Kazakhstan. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 71 (2), 428 - 441." type="journal article" year="1992">Sruoga &amp; Puplesis 1992</bibRefCitation>
); it is present in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8FF05E00FF9148A5FD9EFF1AFD51" authorityName="Sruoga" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Elachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puplesisi">
<emphasis id="B94B28615E00FF9148A5FD9EFF1AFD51" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">E. puplesisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. The median plate of the juxta is shaped as a concave plate with folded margins (64:3 character state in
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89825E00FF914DCEFD57FE1BFD75" author="Kaila, L. &amp; Sugisima, K." box="[239,506,654,679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" pagination="7 - 22" refId="ref3300" refString="Kaila, L. &amp; Sugisima, K. (2011) 1. Phylogeny, subfamily definition and generic classification. In: Kaila, L. (Ed.), Elachistine moths of Australia (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Elachistidae). Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera. Vol 11. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 7 - 22." type="book chapter" year="2011">Kaila &amp; Sugisima 2011</bibRefCitation>
); it is universal in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8FF05E00FF914FEAFD57FCD4FD74" box="[715,821,654,678]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Elachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B28615E00FF914FEAFD57FCD4FD74" box="[715,821,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Elachista</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8FF05E00FF914E95FD56FBD9FD74" authorityName="Sruoga" authorityYear="2000" box="[948,1080,654,678]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Elachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puplesisi">
<emphasis id="B94B28615E00FF914E95FD56FBD9FD74" box="[948,1080,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">E. puplesisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. This character is further modified in several lineages of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8FF05E00FF914CDDFD6AFD87FD19" box="[508,614,691,715]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Elachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B28615E00FF914CDDFD6AFD87FD19" box="[508,614,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Elachista</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A tongue-shaped, distally setose digitate process is present between the juxta and valva; this may be homologous with a similar structure in several gelechioid lineages but is absent in other elachistine genera (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89825E00FF914C8FFD23FCF4FCC1" author="Traugott-Olsen, E. &amp; Nielsen, E. S." box="[430,789,762,787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" refId="ref3652" refString="Traugott-Olsen, E. &amp; Nielsen, E. S. (1977) The Elachistidae (Lepidoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 6. Klampenborg, Denmark, 299 pp." type="book" year="1977">Traugott-Olsen &amp; Nielsen 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89825E00FF914E3EFD23FB62FCC1" author="Nielsen, E. S. &amp; Traugott-Olsen, E." box="[799,1155,762,787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" pagination="245 - 250" refId="ref3364" refString="Nielsen, E. S. &amp; Traugott-Olsen, E. (1978) A reassessment of the genus Stephensia Stainton, 1858 (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae). Entomologist's Gazette, 32, 245 - 250." type="journal article" year="1978">Nielsen &amp; Traugott-Olsen 1978</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89825E00FF9149AFFD23FAEDFCC1" author="Kaila, L." box="[1166,1292,762,787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" pagination="139 - 169" refId="ref2975" refString="Kaila, L. (1999) Phylogeny and classification of the Elachistidae s. s. (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea). Systematic Entomology, 24, 139 - 169. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.1999.00069. x" type="journal article" year="1999">Kaila 1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89825E00FF914836FD23FAB3FCC1" author="Kaila, L." box="[1303,1362,762,787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" pagination="303 - 340" refId="ref3025" refString="Kaila, L. (2004) Phylogeny of the superfamily Gelechioidea (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia): and exemplar approach. Cladistics, 20, 303 - 340. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2004.00027. x" type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89825E00FF91487CFD23FA79FCC1" author="Kaila, L." box="[1373,1432,762,787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" pagination="16 - 28" refId="ref3109" refString="Kaila, L. (2009) Notes on the genus Perittia of the West Palaearctic region with descriptions of three new species (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae). Zootaxa, 2230, 16 - 28." type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89825E00FF914DB6FCC6FE50FCE5" author="De Prins, J. &amp; Sruoga, V." box="[151,433,798,823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" pagination="41 - 62" refId="ref2838" refString="De Prins, J. &amp; Sruoga, V. (2012) A review of the taxonomic history and biodiversity of the genus Urodeta (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Elachistinae), with description of new species. Zootaxa, 3488, 41 - 62." type="journal article" year="2012">De Prins &amp; Sruoga 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89825E00FF914C9CFCC7FD42FCE5" author="Heikkila, M. &amp; Mutanen, M. &amp; Kekkonen, M. &amp; Kaila, L." box="[445,675,798,823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" refId="ref2885" refString="Heikkila, M., Mutanen, M., Kekkonen, M. &amp; Kaila, L. (2014) Morphology reinforces proposed molecular pyhlogenetic affinities: a revised classification for Gelechioidea (Lepidoptera). Cladistics. [e-publication ahead of print] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12064" type="book" year="2014">
Heikkilä
<emphasis id="B94B28615E00FF914F04FCC6FDBFFCE4" box="[549,606,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
); it is sometimes secondarily lost in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8FF05E00FF91491EFCC7FB48FCE4" box="[1087,1193,798,822]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Elachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B28615E00FF91491EFCC7FB48FCE4" box="[1087,1193,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Elachista</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and is absent also in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8FF05E00FF914DB6FC9AFEFCFC89" authorityName="Sruoga" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,285,835,859]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Elachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puplesisi">
<emphasis id="B94B28615E00FF914DB6FC9AFEFCFC89" box="[151,285,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">E. puplesisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. The exposed pupa of many
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8FF05E00FF914F9DFC9AFC60FC89" box="[700,897,834,859]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Elachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B94B28615E00FF914F9DFC9AFCC7FC89" box="[700,806,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Elachista</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
is supported by a silken girdle attached to the surface and surrounding the pupa between abdominal segments 4 and 5, with some exceptions (Kaila 2011); the immature stages of the constituent species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8FF05E00FF914F9CFC52FCA1FC71" authorityName="Sruoga" authorityYear="2000" box="[701,832,907,931]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Elachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puplesisi">
<emphasis id="B94B28615E00FF914F9CFC52FCA1FC71" box="[701,832,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">E. puplesisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group are unknown.
</paragraph>
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