treatments-xml/data/03/8F/A0/038FA02EFF9B7A3B4A85BBCD55A9F57C.xml
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<mods:title id="0080746DA6902363BF1EA9890B6D7BE4">Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038FA02EFF9B7A3B4A85BBCD55A9F57C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5687820" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119598320" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5687820" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FA02EFF9B7A3B4A85BBCD55A9F57C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038FA02EFF9B7A3B4A85BBCD55A9F57C" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<paragraph id="8B991138FF9B7A3B4A85BBCD574AF0BD" blockId="7.[151,1436,986,1586]" box="[151,826,986,1011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="D0D1A654FF9B7A3B4A85BBCD574AF0BD" bold="true" box="[151,826,986,1011]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4A85BBCD574AF0BD" bold="true" box="[151,826,986,1011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
3.
<taxonomicName id="4C266ABBFF9B7A3B4AA1BBCD56ACF0BC" box="[179,732,986,1011]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Bryochoerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="subSpecies" species="intermedius" subSpecies="sensu">
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4AA1BBCD55A6F0BD" bold="true" box="[179,470,986,1011]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bryochoerus intermedius</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB76CC9FF9B7A3B4BF7BBCD56FCF0BD" author="Murray" box="[485,652,986,1011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Murray, J. (1910) Tardigrada. British Antarctic Expedition 1907 - 1909. Reports on the Scientific Investigations, 1 (Biology, Part V), 83 - 187." type="journal article" year="1910">Murray, 1910</bibRefCitation>
)
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4888BBCC56ACF0BC" bold="true" box="[666,732,987,1010]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2617051FF9B7A3B4888BBCC56ACF0BC" box="[666,732,987,1010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" sensu="lato">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lato [T]
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C42B3FF9B7A3B4AD5BBE956E2F7A0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B991138FF9B7A3B4AD5BBE957DEF75A" blockId="7.[151,1436,986,1586]" box="[199,942,1022,1044]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C266ABBFF9B7A3B4AD5BBE95681F75A" ID-CoL="38FYS" authority="J. Murray, 1910" authorityName="J. Murray" authorityYear="1910" box="[199,753,1022,1044]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="intermedius" subGenus="Bryochoerus">
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4AD5BBE95545F75A" box="[199,309,1022,1044]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Echiniscus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4B51BBE955B4F75A" box="[323,452,1022,1044]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bryochoerus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4BC1BBE9563BF75A" box="[467,587,1022,1044]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">intermedius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB76CC9FF9B7A3B4843BBE85681F75A" author="Murray" box="[593,753,1022,1044]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Murray, J. (1910) Tardigrada. British Antarctic Expedition 1907 - 1909. Reports on the Scientific Investigations, 1 (Biology, Part V), 83 - 187." type="journal article" year="1910">J. Murray, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(de
<bibRefCitation id="EFB76CC9FF9B7A3B490CBBE857D6F75A" author="Barros" box="[798,934,1022,1044]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="De Barros, R. (1942 a) Tardigrados de Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. I. Introducao. Generos Echiniscus e Pseudechiniscus. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 2, 257 - 269." type="journal article" year="1942" yearSuffix="a">Barros 1942a</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B991138FF9B7A3B4AD5BC0A5775F77D" blockId="7.[151,1436,986,1586]" box="[199,773,1053,1075]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C266ABBFF9B7A3B4AD5BC0A5775F77D" ID-CoL="38FYS" authority="Murray (Murray &amp; Wailes 1913)" authorityName="Murray (Murray &amp; Wailes" authorityYear="1913" box="[199,773,1053,1075]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4AD5BC0A55C2F77D" box="[199,434,1053,1075]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Echiniscus intermedius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB76CC9FF9B7A3B4BABBC095775F77D" box="[441,773,1053,1075]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Murray, J. &amp; Wailes, G. H. (1913) Notes on the Natural History of Bolivia and Peru. The Scottish oceanographic laboratory Edinburgh, 1 - 45." type="book chapter">Murray (Murray &amp; Wailes 1913)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B991138FF9B7A3B4AD5BC2B5644F71C" blockId="7.[151,1436,986,1586]" box="[199,564,1084,1106]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4AD5BC2B5644F71C" bold="true" box="[199,564,1084,1106]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4AD5BC2B5534F71C" bold="true" box="[199,324,1084,1106]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Terra typica</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="F33151A8FF9B7A3B4B40BC2B55C7F71C" box="[338,439,1084,1106]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="F33151A8FF9B7A3B4BD7BC2B565DF71C" box="[453,557,1084,1106]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Australia</collectingCountry>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B991138FF9B7A3B4A85BC4D5492F73E" blockId="7.[151,1436,986,1586]" box="[151,226,1114,1136]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4A85BC4D5492F73E" bold="true" box="[151,226,1114,1136]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="F33151A8FF9B7A3B4A85BC4D54ADF73E" box="[151,221,1114,1136]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B991138FF9B7A3B4A85BC6D5051F7C1" blockId="7.[151,1436,986,1586]" box="[151,1057,1145,1167]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4A85BC6D5599F7C1" box="[151,489,1145,1167]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<geoCoordinate id="EE1277FFFF9B7A3B4AD5BC6E5568F7C1" box="[199,280,1145,1167]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="-24.5">24°30S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1277FFFF9B7A3B4B30BC6E550AF7C1" box="[290,378,1145,1167]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="-48.083332">48°05W</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="4CDEBCDDFF9B7A3B4B95BC6E55B5F7C1" box="[391,453,1145,1167]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
asl
</emphasis>
: São Paulo State, Eldorado, mosses.
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4973BC6E5051F7C1" bold="true" box="[865,1057,1145,1167]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
de
<bibRefCitation id="EFB76CC9FF9B7A3B4993BC6E5051F7C1" author="Barros" box="[897,1057,1145,1167]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="De Barros, R. (1942 a) Tardigrados de Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. I. Introducao. Generos Echiniscus e Pseudechiniscus. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 2, 257 - 269." type="journal article" year="1942" yearSuffix="a">Barros (1942a)</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B991138FF9B7A3B4A85BC8F54A4F7E0" blockId="7.[151,1436,986,1586]" box="[151,212,1176,1198]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4A85BC8F54A4F7E0" bold="true" box="[151,212,1176,1198]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="F33151A8FF9B7A3B4A85BC8F54BFF7E0" box="[151,207,1176,1198]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B991138FF9B7A3B4A85BCAF51F1F782" blockId="7.[151,1436,986,1586]" box="[151,1409,1206,1229]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4A85BCAF55F0F782" box="[151,384,1206,1229]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<geoCoordinate id="EE1277FFFF9B7A3B4AD5BCA15568F782" box="[199,280,1206,1228]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="-13.2">13°12S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1277FFFF9B7A3B4B30BCA1550AF782" box="[290,378,1206,1228]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="-69.63333">69°38W</geoCoordinate>
;
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4B95BCA15664F782" bold="true" box="[391,532,1206,1228]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<quantity id="4CDEBCDDFF9B7A3B4B95BCA15580F782" box="[391,496,1206,1228]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" metricValueMax="9.144" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="ft" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">13,000 ft</quantity>
asl
</emphasis>
/
<quantity id="4CDEBCDDFF9B7A3B4830BCA156E4F782" box="[546,660,1206,1228]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="600.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="300.0">300900 m</quantity>
asl: Madre de Dios Region, Tambopata Valley.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB76CC9FF9B7A3B4E6BBCA151F1F782" author="Murray" box="[1145,1409,1206,1228]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Murray, J. &amp; Wailes, G. H. (1913) Notes on the Natural History of Bolivia and Peru. The Scottish oceanographic laboratory Edinburgh, 1 - 45." type="book chapter" year="1913">
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4E6BBCA151F1F782" bold="true" box="[1145,1409,1206,1228]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Murray &amp; Wailes (1913)</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B991138FF9B7A3B4A85BCC256E2F7A0" blockId="7.[151,1436,986,1586]" box="[151,658,1237,1262]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4A85BCC25518F7A0" bold="true" box="[151,360,1237,1262]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Record numbers:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F33151A8FF9B7A3B4B7DBCC255C8F7A0" box="[367,440,1237,1262]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: 1,
<collectingCountry id="F33151A8FF9B7A3B4BCCBCC15666F7A3" box="[478,534,1238,1261]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
: 1; total: 2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C42B3FF9B7A3B4A85BCEE55A9F57C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B991138FF9B7A3B4A85BCEE55A9F57C" blockId="7.[151,1436,986,1586]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4A85BCEE557DF65C" bold="true" box="[151,269,1273,1298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB76CC9FF9B7A3B4B04BCED551EF65C" author="In" box="[278,366,1274,1298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Thulin, G. (1911) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Tardigradenfauna Schwedens. Arkiv for Zoologi, 7, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1911">
In
<date id="FF9837F8FF9B7A3B4B24BCED551EF65C" box="[310,366,1274,1298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1911" valueMax="1912">1911</date>
</bibRefCitation>
12,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB76CC9FF9B7A3B4BB5BCED56A3F65C" author="Murray" box="[423,723,1273,1298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Murray, J. &amp; Wailes, G. H. (1913) Notes on the Natural History of Bolivia and Peru. The Scottish oceanographic laboratory Edinburgh, 1 - 45." type="book chapter" year="1913">Murray and Wailes (1913)</bibRefCitation>
were travelling with a group surveying the boundary between
<collectingCountry id="F33151A8FF9B7A3B4AD5BD0A556AF678" box="[199,282,1309,1334]" name="Bolivia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F33151A8FF9B7A3B4B43BD0955F8F67B" box="[337,392,1310,1333]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
. The region that included Tambopata Valley was referred to by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB76CC9FF9B7A3B4E46BD09510DF678" author="Murray" box="[1108,1405,1309,1334]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Murray, J. &amp; Wailes, G. H. (1913) Notes on the Natural History of Bolivia and Peru. The Scottish oceanographic laboratory Edinburgh, 1 - 45." type="book chapter" year="1913">Murray and Wailes (1913)</bibRefCitation>
as Bolivian but shortly after was identified as Peruvian (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB76CC9FF9B7A3B490FBD56508BF614" author="Peru-Bolivia" box="[797,1275,1345,1370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Peru-Bolivia Boundary Commission (1918) The Peru Bolivia frontier: chart of the triangulation. Rio Suches to Rio Heath / by the Peruvian Commission, 1911 - 1913. [London]" type="book chapter" year="1918">Peru-Bolivia Boundary Commission 1918</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C266ABBFF9B7A3B4AD5BD725526F630" box="[199,342,1381,1406]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Bryochoerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4AD5BD725526F630" box="[199,342,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bryochoerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a doubtful taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB76CC9FF9B7A3B4854BD715690F630" author="Marcus" box="[582,736,1381,1406]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Marcus, E. (1936) Tardigrada. Das Tierreich, 66, 1 - 340." type="journal article" year="1936">Marcus 1936</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB76CC9FF9B7A3B48FCBD7257D7F630" author="Kristensen" box="[750,935,1381,1406]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Kristensen, R. M. (1987) Generic revision of the Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada), with a discussion of the origin of the family. In: Bertolani, R. (Ed.), Biology of Tardigrada. Selected Symposia and Monographs. U. Z. I. Mucci Modena, pp. 261 - 335." type="book chapter" year="1987">Kristensen 1987</bibRefCitation>
) with an unclear systematic position, and it has been hypothesised that
<taxonomicName id="4C266ABBFF9B7A3B4BEDBD9E576BF6EC" box="[511,795,1417,1442]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Bryochoerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4BEDBD9E576BF6EC" box="[511,795,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bryochoerus intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="4C266ABBFF9B7A3B4E1DBD9E5179F6EC" box="[1039,1289,1417,1442]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Bryodelphax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4E1DBD9E5179F6EC" box="[1039,1289,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bryodelphax parvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below).
<bibRefCitation id="EFB76CC9FF9B7A3B4AD5BDB9551CF688" author="Marcus" box="[199,364,1453,1478]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Marcus, E. (1936) Tardigrada. Das Tierreich, 66, 1 - 340." type="journal article" year="1936">Marcus (1936)</bibRefCitation>
suggested the identification of
<taxonomicName id="4C266ABBFF9B7A3B48DEBDBA500AF688" box="[716,1146,1453,1478]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="intermedius" subGenus="Bryochoerus">
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B48DEBDBA5736F688" box="[716,838,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Echiniscus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B4944BDBA5795F688" box="[854,997,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bryochoerus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B952CD2AFF9B7A3B49E4BDBA500AF688" box="[1014,1146,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Bolivia was unsafe. This species has a disjunct distribution and known from several localities in South
<collectingCountry id="F33151A8FF9B7A3B4E67BDC650A9F6A4" box="[1141,1241,1489,1514]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">America</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33151A8FF9B7A3B4EF7BDC6513FF6A4" box="[1253,1359,1489,1514]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Australia</collectingCountry>
, North
<collectingCountry id="F33151A8FF9B7A3B4AD5BDE25557F540" box="[199,295,1525,1550]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">America</collectingCountry>
and Pacific Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB76CC9FF9B7A3B4802BDE156B4F540" author="McInnes" box="[528,708,1526,1550]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="McInnes, S. J. (1994 a) Zoogeographic distribution of terrestrial / freshwater tardigrades from current literature. Journal of Natural History, 28, 257 - 352. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939400770131" type="journal article" year="1994" yearSuffix="a">McInnes 1994a</bibRefCitation>
). However, further work is required to verify the presence of this taxon in South
<collectingCountry id="F33151A8FF9B7A3B4B63BE0E55A5F57C" box="[369,469,1561,1586]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">America</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>