392 lines
44 KiB
XML
392 lines
44 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="497A96A5E745CCEC47C79794CD4764B1">A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis (Asteraceae) in South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="73BBEA1F7CF83CCEB62A728F96497C61">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE7455DEFBA2FF0F6441" bold="true" box="[136,245,1107,1134]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Callilepis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A7E2FFD5AE7455AAFBA5FE116441" author="Candolle, A. P. de" box="[252,491,1108,1134]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref35226" refString="Candolle, A. P. de (1836) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 5. Treuttel & Wurtz, Paris, 706 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 286" type="book" year="1836">Candolle (1836: 671)</bibRefCitation>
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emended P.P.J.Herman;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A7E2FFD5AE745656FBA4FC1A6441" author="Harvey, W. H." box="[768,992,1108,1135]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="44 - 530" refId="ref35934" refString="Harvey, W. H. (1865) Callilepis, DC. In: Harvey, W. H. & Sonder, O. W. (Eds.) Flora capensis 3. Hodges, Smith and Co., Dublin, pp. 44 - 530. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 821" type="book chapter" year="1865">Harvey (1865: 136)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A87FC02FFD5AE7456BDFBA5FB276441" author="Bentham, G." box="[1003,1245,1108,1134]" page="339" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1873">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A7E2FFD5AE7456BDFBA5FB276441" author="Bentham, G." box="[1003,1245,1108,1134]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="163 - 533" refId="ref35120" refString="Bentham, G. (1873) Compositae. In: Bentham, G. & Hooker, J. D. (Eds.) Genera Plantarum 2. Lovell Reeve & Co., London, pp. 163 - 533. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 747" type="book chapter" year="1873">Bentham (1873: 339)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A87FC02FFD5AE7451BFFBA5FF4464BD" author="Hoffmann, K. A. O." page="210" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1889">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A7E2FFD5AE7451BFFBA5FF4464BD" author="Hoffmann, K. A. O." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="87 - 387" refId="ref36454" refString="Hoffmann, K. A. O. (1889) Compositae. In: Engler, A. (ed.), Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien 4 (5). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 87 - 387. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4635" type="book chapter" year="1889">Hoffmann (1889: 210)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A87FC02FFD5AE74559CFB89FE5164BD" author="Phillips, E. P." box="[202,427,1144,1171]" page="810" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1951">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A7E2FFD5AE74559CFB89FE5164BD" author="Phillips, E. P." box="[202,427,1144,1171]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref37194" refString="Phillips, E. P. (1951) The genera of South African flowering plants, 2 nd Edition. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 25, 923 pp." type="book" year="1951">Phillips (1951: 810)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A87FC02FFD5AE7454E1FB88FD8164BD" author="Dyer, R. A." box="[439,635,1144,1171]" page="694" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1975">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A7E2FFD5AE7454E1FB88FD8164BD" author="Dyer, R. A." box="[439,635,1144,1171]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref35540" refString="Dyer, R. A. (1975) The genera of southern African flowering plants 1. Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Pretoria, 756 pp." type="book" year="1975">Dyer (1975: 694)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A87FC02FFD5AE7457D0FB89FC9064BD" author="Hilliard, O. M." box="[646,874,1144,1170]" page="286" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1977">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A7E2FFD5AE7457D0FB89FC9064BD" author="Hilliard, O. M." box="[646,874,1144,1170]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref36431" refString="Hilliard, O. M. (1977) Compositae in Natal. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg, 659 pp." type="book" year="1977">Hilliard (1977: 286)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A87FC02FFD5AE745622FB89FBD364BD" author="Wild, H." box="[884,1065,1144,1170]" page="91" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1980">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A7E2FFD5AE745622FB89FBD364BD" author="Wild, H." box="[884,1065,1144,1170]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="23 - 113" refId="ref37944" refString="Wild, H. (1980) The Compositae of the Flora Zambesiaca area, 12 - Inuleae (continued). Kirkia 12 (1): 23 - 113." type="journal article" year="1980">Wild (1980: 91)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A87FC02FFD5AE745165FB89FAE564BD" author="Anderberg, A. A." box="[1075,1311,1144,1170]" page="46" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A7E2FFD5AE745165FB89FAE564BD" author="Anderberg, A. A." box="[1075,1311,1144,1170]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 195" refId="ref34760" refString="Anderberg, A. A. (1991) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the tribe Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae). Opera Botanica 104: 1 - 195." type="journal article" year="1991">Anderberg (1991: 46</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<treatmentCitation id="0A87FC02FFD5AE74507CFB89FA6464BD" author="Anderberg, A. A." box="[1322,1438,1144,1170]" page="324" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1994">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A7E2FFD5AE74507CFB89FA6464BD" author="Anderberg, A. A." box="[1322,1438,1144,1170]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="304 - 363" refId="ref34788" refString="Anderberg, A. A. (1994) Tribe Gnaphalieae. In: Bremer, K. (Ed.) Asteraceae, cladistics and classification. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, pp. 304 - 363." type="book chapter" year="1994">1994: 324</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A87FC02FFD5AE7455DEFB6CFE406499" author="Herman, P. P. J. & Retief, E. & Koekemoer, M. & Welman, W. G." box="[136,442,1180,1207]" page="127" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A7E2FFD5AE7455DEFB6CFE406499" author="Herman, P. P. J. & Retief, E. & Koekemoer, M. & Welman, W. G." box="[136,442,1180,1207]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="101 - 170" refId="ref36138" refString="Herman, P. P. J., Retief, E., Koekemoer, M. & Welman, W. G. (2000) Asteraceae. In: Leistner, O. A. (Ed.) Seed plants of southern Africa: families and genera. Strelitzia 10. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, pp. 101 - 170." type="book chapter" year="2000">
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Herman
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<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE7455BAFB6CFEDA6499" box="[236,288,1180,1206]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
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. (2000: 127)
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A87FC02FFD5AE74549EFB6CFD196498" author="Bayer, R. J. & Breitwieser, I. & Ward, J. & Puttock, C." box="[456,739,1180,1207]" page="259" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A7E2FFD5AE74549EFB6CFD196498" author="Bayer, R. J. & Breitwieser, I. & Ward, J. & Puttock, C." box="[456,739,1180,1207]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="246 - 284" refId="ref34979" refString="Bayer, R. J., Breitwieser, I., Ward, J. & Puttock, C. (2007) XIV. Tribe Gnaphalieae (Cass.) Lecoq & Juillet. In: Kadereit, J. W. & Jeffrey, C. (Eds.) The families and genera of vascular plants. VIII. Flowering Plants Eudicots, Asterales. In: Kubitzki, K. (series Ed.) The families and genera of vascular plants. Springer, Berlin, pp. 246 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 540 - 31051 - 8" type="book chapter" year="2007">
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Bayer
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<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE745743FB6CFDB36499" box="[533,585,1180,1206]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
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. (2007: 259)
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.
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<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE7457A7FB6DFC6B6499" bold="true" box="[753,913,1180,1206]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<typeStatus id="549D64B1FFD5AE7457A7FB6DFCD66499" box="[753,812,1180,1206]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="0A87FC02FFD5AE7456FBFB6DFA7E6499" author="Candolle, A. P. de" box="[941,1412,1180,1206]" page=")" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1836">
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<taxonomicName id="4C26A190FFD5AE7456FBFB6DFA7E6499" ID-CoL="PQBF" authority="Candolle (1836: 671)" authorityName="Candolle" authorityPageNumber="671" authorityYear="1836" box="[941,1412,1180,1206]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Callilepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laureola">
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<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE7456FBFB6DFB7B6499" box="[941,1153,1180,1206]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Callilepis laureola</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A7E2FFD5AE7451DDFB6DFA7E6499" author="Candolle, A. P. de" box="[1163,1412,1180,1206]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref35226" refString="Candolle, A. P. de (1836) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 5. Treuttel & Wurtz, Paris, 706 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 286" type="book" year="1836">Candolle (1836: 671)</bibRefCitation>
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. (It seems
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A7E2FFD5AE745585FB31FE8064F4" author="Phillips, E. P." box="[211,378,1216,1243]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref37194" refString="Phillips, E. P. (1951) The genera of South African flowering plants, 2 nd Edition. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 25, 923 pp." type="book" year="1951">Phillips (1951)</bibRefCitation>
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was the first person to designate
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<taxonomicName id="4C26A190FFD5AE7457A7FB31FC9564F5" ID-CoL="PQBF" authorityName="Candolle" authorityYear="1836" box="[753,879,1216,1242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Callilepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laureola">
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<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE7457A7FB31FC9564F5" box="[753,879,1216,1242]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. laureola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as the
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<typeStatus id="549D64B1FFD5AE7456E8FB30FC1464F4" box="[958,1006,1217,1243]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
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species of the genus).
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<subSubSection id="C33C8998FFD5AE7455DEFB19FA9A64D2" box="[136,1376,1255,1278]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB36FD3DFFD5AE7455DEFB19FD2264D1" box="[136,728,1255,1278]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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=
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<treatmentCitation id="0A87FC02FFD5AE7455CAFB19FDDB64D2" author="Hutchinson, J." box="[156,545,1255,1278]" page=")" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1946">
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<taxonomicName id="4C26A190FFD5AE7455CAFB19FDDB64D2" authority="Hutchinson (1946: 350)" authorityName="Hutchinson" authorityPageNumber="350" authorityYear="1946" box="[156,545,1255,1278]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Zoutpansbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE7455CAFB19FEC964D2" box="[156,307,1256,1277]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Zoutpansbergia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A7E2FFD5AE74546FFB19FDDB64D2" author="Hutchinson, J." box="[313,545,1255,1278]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref36623" refString="Hutchinson, J. (1946) A botanist in southern Africa. Gawthorn, London, 686 pp." type="book" year="1946">Hutchinson (1946: 350)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A87FC02FFD5AE74577DFB19FD2E64D1" author="Dyer, R. A." box="[555,724,1255,1278]" page="686" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1975">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A7E2FFD5AE74577DFB19FD2E64D1" author="Dyer, R. A." box="[555,724,1255,1278]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref35540" refString="Dyer, R. A. (1975) The genera of southern African flowering plants 1. Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Pretoria, 756 pp." type="book" year="1975">Dyer (1975: 686)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE74578BFB19FC9E64D2" bold="true" box="[733,868,1255,1277]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<typeStatus id="549D64B1FFD5AE74578BFB19FCF564D2" box="[733,783,1256,1277]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A87FC02FFD5AE74562AFB19FAA164D2" author="Hutchinson, J." box="[892,1371,1255,1278]" page=")" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1946">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A190FFD5AE74562AFB19FAA164D2" ID-CoL="5D8S8" authority="Hutchinson (1946: 350)" authorityName="Hutchinson" authorityPageNumber="350" authorityYear="1946" box="[892,1371,1255,1278]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Zoutpansbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caerulea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE74562AFB19FB9764D2" box="[892,1133,1256,1277]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Zoutpansbergia caerulea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A7E2FFD5AE745125FB19FAA164D2" author="Hutchinson, J." box="[1139,1371,1255,1278]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref36623" refString="Hutchinson, J. (1946) A botanist in southern Africa. Gawthorn, London, 686 pp." type="book" year="1946">Hutchinson (1946: 350)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C8998FFD5AE7755DEFADCFC556143" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD5AE7755DEFADCFC556143" blockId="17.[136,1452,1324,2071]" lastBlockId="18.[136,1452,158,436]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Erect, perennial herbs with tufts of annual stems from underground rootstock, a shrub or small tree (1 species), glabrous or non-glandular hairy.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE7454A1FAA0FDBF6545" box="[503,581,1361,1386]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
opposite, subopposite, alternate or spirally arranged, sessile, with petiole-like base or shortly petiolate, simple, margin entire, serrate or serrulate, glabrous or non-glandular hairy, blade glabrous or non-glandular hairy, with 1 or 3(5) main veins from base.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE745603FA69FC4D659D" box="[853,951,1432,1458]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Capitula</emphasis>
|
||
heterogamous, radiate, solitary or in open, few- or many-headed corymbs; shortly to distinctly pedunculate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE74562BFA4DFC1D65F9" box="[893,999,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Involucre</emphasis>
|
||
obconical, hemispherical, campanulate or urceolate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE74544BFA11FE1A65D5" box="[285,480,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Involucral bracts</emphasis>
|
||
in several rows, subequal or imbricate with outer shorter than inner; inner sometimes grading into outer paleae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE7454E8F9F5FDC36631" box="[446,569,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Receptacle</emphasis>
|
||
conical or rarely flat, paleate;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE7456FFF9F5FC0E6631" box="[937,1012,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">paleae</emphasis>
|
||
boat-shaped, apex acute to apiculate, enveloping disc florets and inner ray florets.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE74572BF9D8FD0D666D" box="[637,759,1576,1602]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ray florets</emphasis>
|
||
zygomorphic, female, fertile, arranged in 1 to 3 rows; usually with staminodes, very rarely occasional neuter floret or bisexual floret with few fertile stamens.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE74518BF9BDFAE46649" box="[1245,1310,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Styles</emphasis>
|
||
bifurcate or sometimes undivided, exserted;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE7454BAF981FD7666A5" box="[492,652,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">style branches</emphasis>
|
||
equal or unequal, with broad marginal stigmatic areas, basally separated but apically confluent or entire inner surface stigmatic.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE7457AFF964FC846681" box="[761,894,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ray ovaries</emphasis>
|
||
obovate, narrowly obovate, obconic, narrowly or linear obconic, or narrowly oblong, trigonous or, of inner ray florets, obovate, laterally compressed, similar to those of disc florets, glabrous or twin hairy or surfaces glabrous but twin hairy ciliate along margins.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE7451E4F92CFABE66D9" box="[1202,1348,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ray cypselae</emphasis>
|
||
obovate, narrowly obovate, narrowly or linear obconic, or narrowly oblong, trigonous, cypselae of inner ray florets obovate, laterally compressed, similar to those of disc florets, glabrous or twin hairy or surfaces glabrous but twin hairy ciliate along margins, margins upwards elongated into pappus awns.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE745663F8B8FC42674D" box="[821,952,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ray pappus</emphasis>
|
||
dimorphic, consisting of elongated awns and few smaller obtuse scales in between, in one species sometimes absent, or of scales only, or only one awn and scales.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE7455DEF860FEF16785" box="[136,267,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Disc florets</emphasis>
|
||
actinomorphic, bisexual, fertile, many, very rarely occasional outer floret female; corolla tubular below, slightly widening upwards towards lobes, deeply 5-lobed.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE745671F845FC8467E1" box="[807,894,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Anthers</emphasis>
|
||
5, exserted, with ovate to narrowly ovate apical appendages; bases caudate and calcarate, tails ciliate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE7457B7F829FCD867DD" box="[737,802,2008,2034]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Styles</emphasis>
|
||
bifurcate;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD5AE7456CDF829FBC667DD" box="[923,1084,2008,2034]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">style branches</emphasis>
|
||
linear to oblong, apex conical or obtuse, with ring of acute hairs around base of cone outside, with broad marginal stigmatic areas, basally separated but apically confluent or entire inner surface stigmatic.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD6AE7757E9FF6EFCB36097" box="[703,841,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Disc ovaries</emphasis>
|
||
obovate, narrowly obovate, linear-obconic or narrowly oblong, laterally compressed, glabrous or twin hairy or surfaces glabrous but twin hairy ciliate along margins.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD6AE77502EFF32FF12612F" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Disc cypselae</emphasis>
|
||
narrowly to very narrowly or broadly obovate, linear-obconical or narrowly oblong, laterally compressed, glabrous or twin hairy, or surfaces glabrous but twin hairy ciliate along margins, surface smooth or striated, margins elongated upwards into pappus awns.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD6AE775761FEDEFD3E6167" box="[567,708,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Disc pappus</emphasis>
|
||
dimorphic, of awns and smaller, obtuse scales in between, in one species sometimes absent, or of scales only, or only one awn and scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C8998FFD6AE7755EBFE87FF2D619B" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755EBFE87FF2D619B" blockId="18.[136,1452,158,436]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD6AE7755EBFE87FE6961BF" bold="true" box="[189,403,374,400]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Geographic range</emphasis>
|
||
:—Endemic to the eastern parts of southern Africa:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3319A83FFD6AE77569BFE87FBD561BF" box="[973,1071,374,400]" name="Swaziland" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">eSwatini</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3319A83FFD6AE77516BFE87FB4D61BF" box="[1085,1207,374,400]" name="Swaziland" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Swaziland</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3319A83FFD6AE77519FFE87FA9A61BF" box="[1225,1376,374,400]" name="Mozambique" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3319A83FFD6AE77503CFE87FF29619B" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C8998FFD6AE7755DEFE13FE1561D2" box="[136,495,482,509]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEFE13FE1561D2" blockId="18.[136,495,482,509]" box="[136,495,482,509]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<heading id="D0D16D7FFFD6AE7755DEFE13FE1561D2" bold="true" box="[136,495,482,509]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD6AE7755DEFE13FE1561D2" bold="true" box="[136,495,482,509]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Key to the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A190FFD6AE7754D4FE13FE1561D2" authorityName="Candolle" authorityYear="1836" box="[386,495,482,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Callilepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD6AE7754D4FE13FE1561D2" bold="true" box="[386,495,482,509]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Callilepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C8998FFD6AE7755DEFDD6FA5066AC" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="key">
|
||
<keyStep id="30D2C2B6FFD6AE7755DEFDD6FA51625A" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEFDD6FA516213" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" box="[136,1451,551,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEFDD6FA516213" box="[136,1451,551,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1a. Involucral bracts narrow, subequal, ovaries and cypselae glabrous, vary rarely pectinate along margins ...................................... 2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEFDB2FA51625A" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEFDB2FA51625A" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1b. Involucral bracts ovate to broadly oblong, imbricate, outer shorter than inner, surfaces of ovaries and cypselae glabrous but margins long twin hairy ciliate or entire ovary and cypsela surfaces twin hairy ............................................................................. 9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D2C2B6FFD6AE7755DEFD8CFA516280" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEFD8CFA5162BD" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" box="[136,1451,637,659]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEFD8CFA5162BD" box="[136,1451,637,659]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
2a. Leaves filiform to linear, ≤ 0.5–1.5(–2.0) mm broad .............................................................................................. 1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A190FFD6AE775075FD8CFA5162BD" ID-CoL="PQBG" authorityName="Harvey" authorityYear="1865" box="[1315,1451,637,658]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Callilepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD6AE775075FD8CFA5162BD" box="[1315,1451,637,658]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. leptophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEFD6BFA516280" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" box="[136,1451,666,688]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEFD6BFA516280" box="[136,1451,666,688]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
2b. Leaves narrowly obovate, elliptic, linear elliptic or narrowly to broadly ovate, ≥
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE77F6FFD6AE775681FD6BFBF46280" box="[983,1038,666,687]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
broad ...................................................... 3
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D2C2B6FFD6AE7755DEFD46FA5163BA" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEFD46FA516310" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEFD46FA516310" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
3a. Leaves semi-succulent, narrowly obovate or sometimes narrowly elliptic or linear, attenuate or tapering to petiole-like base, usually with a single prominent main vein and sometimes two faint side veins parallel to main vein, pappus of ray florets absent, OR consisting of scales only, OR a single long awn with smaller scales, rarely with 1 long awn and 2 shorter awns with smaller scales in between; pappus of disc florets absent, OR consisting of scales only, OR a single long awn with smaller scales; rarely with 1 long awn, 1 short awn and smaller scales in between ..................................................................................... 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A190FFD6AE775065FCDBFA516310" ID-CoL="6986V" box="[1331,1451,810,831]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Callilepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lancifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD6AE775065FCDBFA516310" box="[1331,1451,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. lancifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEFCB6FA5163BA" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEFCB6FA5163BA" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3b. Leaves elliptic or ovate, pappus of ray florets usually consisting of 1 long awn and 2 shorter awns with smaller scales in between or like those in disc florets; pappus of disc florets usually consisting of 1 long awn and 1 shorter awn with smaller scales in between ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D2C2B6FFD6AE7755DEFC6CFA5163E0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEFC6CFA51639C" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" box="[136,1451,925,947]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEFC6CFA51639C" box="[136,1451,925,947]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">4a. Leaves elliptic or linear-elliptic ........................................................................................................................................................ 5</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEFC4BFA5163E0" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" box="[136,1451,954,976]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEFC4BFA5163E0" box="[136,1451,954,976]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">4b. Leaves ovate ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D2C2B6FFD6AE7755DEFC27FA51646C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEFC27FA516427" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEFC27FA516427" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
5a. Capitula arranged in few-headed corymbose synflorescences, leaves linear-elliptic, apex acuminate to attenuate, blade narrowing to petiole-like base, with a prominent main vein ......................................................................................................... 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A190FFD6AE775016FC05FA516427" ID-CoL="9WG2Q" authorityName="P. P. J. Herman" authorityYear="2022" box="[1344,1451,1011,1033]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Callilepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retiefiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD6AE775016FC05FA516427" box="[1344,1451,1011,1033]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. retiefiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEFBE1FA51646C" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEFBE1FA51646C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5b. Capitula solitary, leaves narrowly to broadly elliptic, 3(5)-veined or with a prominent main vein and two faint lateral veins fading upwards ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D2C2B6FFD6AE7755DEFBBBFA516523" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEFBBBFA51649A" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEFBBBFA51649A" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
6a. Plants totally glabrous except for small hair tufts in leaf axils, leaves opposite or subopposite in lower part of stem, alternate upwards, elliptic or narrowly elliptic, rarely broadly elliptic, up to 45(–50) mm long, apex acute to bluntly acute or obtuse, base cuneate, narrowly cuneate, obtuse to rounded or rarely almost subcordate, confined to a small area in southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E214F1FFD6AE7751BBFB72FA7E64B6" box="[1261,1412,1155,1177]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
|
||
and north-eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E214F1FFD6AE775401FB50FE23649A" box="[343,473,1184,1206]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
, near the coast ..................................................................................................................... 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A190FFD6AE775019FB50FA51649A" ID-CoL="PQB8" box="[1359,1451,1184,1206]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Callilepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD6AE775019FB50FA51649A" box="[1359,1451,1184,1206]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. glabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEFB4CFA516523" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEFB4CFA516523" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
6b. Plants glabrous or sparsely to more densely hairy, leaves opposite or subopposite basally, alternate or spirally arranged upwards, narrowly elliptic, tapering to both apex and base, up to 80(–105) mm long, apex attenuate, acuminate or acute, base petiole-like, attenuate, or narrowly cuneate to cuneate, widely distributed .................................................................................. 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A190FFD6AE775079FB06FA516523" ID-CoL="PQBT" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1885" box="[1327,1451,1271,1292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Callilepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD6AE775079FB06FA516523" box="[1327,1451,1271,1292]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. salicifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D2C2B6FFD6AE7755DEFAE5FA516550" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEFAE5FA516569" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEFAE5FA516569" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
7a. Involucral bracts tomentose, indumentum of leaves and stems tomentose, hairs evenly distributed on entire leaf surface ............... .................................................................................................................................................................................... 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A190FFD6AE775079FAC0FA516569" ID-CoL="9WG2S" authorityName="P. P. J. Herman" authorityYear="2022" box="[1327,1451,1329,1350]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Callilepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nepotiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD6AE775079FAC0FA516569" box="[1327,1451,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. nepotiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEFABCFA516550" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEFABCFA516550" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">7b. Involucral bracts glabrous or rarely with few longish curly hairs at base and margins ± ciliate, leaves and stems glabrous or sparsely to densely villous but hairs on leaves mostly along veins and leaf margins .................................................................................... 8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D2C2B6FFD6AE7755DEFA76FA506597" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEFA76FA5065B3" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" box="[136,1450,1415,1437]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEFA76FA5065B3" box="[136,1450,1415,1437]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
8a. Capitula solitary ..................................................................................................................................... 7a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A190FFD6AE7751E9FA76FA5065B3" ID-CoL="PQBF" authority="var. laureola" box="[1215,1450,1415,1436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Callilepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="laureola" variety="laureola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD6AE7751E9FA76FAD165B3" box="[1215,1323,1415,1436]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. laureola</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD6AE77500CFA76FA5065B3" box="[1370,1450,1415,1436]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">laureola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEFA52FA506597" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" box="[136,1450,1443,1465]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEFA52FA506597" box="[136,1450,1443,1465]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
8b. Capitula in few-headed corymbs .................................................................................................. 7b.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A190FFD6AE7751D8FA55FA506597" ID-CoL="9WG2R" authorityName="P. P. J. Herman" authorityYear="2022" box="[1166,1450,1443,1465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Callilepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="laureola" variety="paucicephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD6AE7751D8FA55FB006597" box="[1166,1274,1443,1465]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. laureola</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD6AE77507FFA52FA506597" box="[1321,1450,1443,1464]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">paucicephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D2C2B6FFD6AE7755DEFA31FA516620" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEFA31FA5165DD" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEFA31FA5165DD" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
9a. Shrub or small tree, leaves obovate, narrowly obovate or rarely very narrowly obovate, ≥
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE77F6FFD6AE775179FA31FB8265F9" box="[1071,1144,1472,1494]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
broad, capitula solitary ............ ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A190FFD6AE77506DFA2CFA5165DD" ID-CoL="5D8S8" authorityName="Hutchinson" authorityYear="1946" box="[1339,1451,1501,1522]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Zoutpansbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caerulea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD6AE77506DFA2CFA5165DD" box="[1339,1451,1501,1522]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. caerulea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEFA0BFA516620" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" box="[136,1451,1530,1552]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEFA0BFA516620" box="[136,1451,1530,1552]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
9b. Perennial herbs from underground rootstock, leaves linear, ≤
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE77F6FFD6AE775648FA0BFCAF6620" box="[798,853,1530,1551]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
broad, capitula in corymbose synflorescences ................... 10
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D2C2B6FFD6AE7755DEF9E6FA5066AC" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEF9E6FA506667" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEF9E6FA506667" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
10a. Surfaces of ovaries (and cypselae?) glabrous, margins long twin hairy ciliate, leaves linear, 42–65 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE77F6FFD6AE7751F9F9E6FAF96603" box="[1199,1283,1559,1580]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, margin entire or distantly serrulate in the upper half ......................................................................................................................... 9.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A190FFD6AE775073F9C5FA506667" ID-CoL="PQB2" authorityName="Herman & Koekemoer" authorityYear="2014" box="[1317,1450,1587,1609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Callilepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corymbosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD6AE775073F9C5FA506667" box="[1317,1450,1587,1609]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. corymbosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DA13FFD6AE7755DEF9A1FA5066AC" blockId="18.[136,1452,551,1667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D77926FFD6AE7755DEF9A1FA5066AC" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
10b. Surfaces of ovaries (and cypselae?) densely covered with long twin hairs, leaves filiform, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE77F6FFD6AE7751D4F9A1FB3D6649" box="[1154,1223,1616,1638]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE77F6FFD6AE77504AF9A1FA9D6649" box="[1308,1383,1616,1638]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
broad, margin entire ................................................................................................................................................................ 10.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A190FFD6AE775013F99CFA5066AC" ID-CoL="PQBL" authorityName="Herman & Koekemoer" authorityYear="2014" box="[1349,1450,1645,1667]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Callilepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="normae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9520601FFD6AE775013F99CFA5066AC" box="[1349,1450,1645,1667]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. normae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |