163 lines
17 KiB
XML
163 lines
17 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="983587EF6B93DF16A4BAE3CB322E53CD">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8AE43B5DBD16ED81C7E9485C93235F05">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ECCB6C3764D51A50FEC36A756434F5B1">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CB49021BD3B5DE3EEBE7A9070768E2DC">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="66111B93AF0123D5A3A58B6B999AAD57">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A7D47E6405A35CA872CFDFA6B0DE7889">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="137BE46D6CB3294AEF90C85411756FC3">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B4EFFF4FF56FABAFC08F856" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639706" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209290971" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639706" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B4EFFF4FF56FABAFC08F856" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B4EFFF4FF56FABAFC08F856" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B4EFFF4FF56FABAFE02FA91" box="[151,508,1347,1374]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4EFFF4FF56FABAFE02FA91" blockId="88.[151,508,1347,1374]" box="[151,508,1347,1374]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B4EFFF4FF56FABAFE02FA91" bold="true" box="[151,508,1347,1374]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FF56FABAFE02FA91" ID-CoL="6F4NK" authority="(Verrill, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[151,508,1347,1374]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laevis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FF56FABAFE02FA91" bold="true" box="[151,508,1347,1374]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FF56FABAFEB8FA92" bold="true" box="[151,326,1347,1373]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Ellisella laevis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FE97FABDFE0AFA91" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[342,500,1348,1374]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="181 - 196" refId="ref110275" refString="Verrill, A. E., 1865. Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Captain I. Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856, collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, naturalist to the Expedition, with descriptions of some additional species from the west coast of North America. Proceedings of the Essex Institute, Salem, 4, 181 - 196." type="journal article" year="1865">Verrill, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B4EFFF4FF56FA71FC70FA26" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4EFFF4FF56FA71FD83FA6E" blockId="88.[151,637,1416,1441]" box="[151,637,1416,1441]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B4EFFF4FF56FA71FD83FA6E" box="[151,637,1416,1441]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B4EFFF4FF56FA71FE16FA6E" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[151,488,1416,1441]" page="189" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" year="1865">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FF56FA71FE16FA6E" authority="Verrill, 1865: 189" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="189" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,488,1416,1441]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hydatellaceae" genus="Juncella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FF56FA71FED0FA6F" box="[151,302,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Juncella laevis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FEF5FA71FE16FA6E" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[308,488,1416,1441]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="181 - 196" refId="ref110275" refString="Verrill, A. E., 1865. Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Captain I. Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856, collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, naturalist to the Expedition, with descriptions of some additional species from the west coast of North America. Proceedings of the Essex Institute, Salem, 4, 181 - 196." type="journal article" year="1865">Verrill, 1865: 189</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B4EFFF4FE34FA70FD8CFA6E" box="[501,626,1417,1441]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4EFFF4FF56FA36FC70FA26" blockId="88.[151,910,1487,1513]" box="[151,910,1487,1513]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Opinion: There is no evidence that this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B4EFFF4FF56F9EEFC08F856" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4EFFF4FF56F9EEFED7F9FE" blockId="88.[151,1436,1559,1693]" box="[151,297,1559,1585]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4EFFF4FF06F9C2FEEBF952" blockId="88.[151,1436,1559,1693]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FF06F9C2FC54F99A" box="[199,938,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FC7AF9C2FB5CF99A" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[955,1186,1595,1621]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando 2011: 127</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 89, fig. 1–1d (SE coast);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FF2DF9A6FDE1F9B6" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[236,543,1631,1657]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FEA0F9A6FE68F9B6" box="[353,406,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 294
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 138, fig. 1–1d (SE coast);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FC4FF9A6FB3EF9B6" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Geetha, S. & Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R." box="[910,1216,1630,1657]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="1567 - 1575" refId="ref103536" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Geetha, S., Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R. (2019 b) Diversity and distribution of shallow water octocorallia from Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, South Andaman, India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 48 (10), 1567 - 1575." type="journal article" year="2019">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FC27F9A6FBE5F9B6" box="[998,1051,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al</emphasis>
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. 2019b: 1569
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</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 2 (13) (South Andaman).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4EFFF4FF06F932FC08F856" blockId="88.[151,1436,1739,1945]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FF06F932FE62F92A" box="[199,412,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: This species was erected by Verrill under the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FC3DF932FB99F92A" box="[1020,1127,1739,1765]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Junceella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FC3DF932FB99F92A" box="[1020,1127,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Junceella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for a specimen from
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B4EFFF4FA9FF932FF27F8C6" name="Hong Kong" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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. The species is now recognised as an
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FD59F916FD03F8C6" box="[664,765,1775,1801]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FD59F916FD07F8C6" authorityName=", Simpson" authorityYear="1910" box="[664,761,1775,1801]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Ellisella</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FCC6F916FC3AF8C6" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[775,964,1775,1801]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FBC0F916FAFBF8C6" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[1025,1285,1775,1801]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FBB4F916FB57F8C6" box="[1141,1193,1775,1801]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al</emphasis>
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. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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both present identical descriptions of a colony they assign to
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FD68F8EAFC5BF8E2" authority="(Verrill)" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" box="[681,933,1811,1837]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laevis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FD68F8EAFCBFF8E2" box="[681,833,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Nicella laevis</emphasis>
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(Verrill)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Their colony is unbranched, whereas species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FF74F8CEFEF8F89E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[181,262,1847,1873]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FF74F8CEFEF8F89E" box="[181,262,1847,1873]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Nicella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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form multi-branched fans.
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FDF4F8CEFD14F89E" box="[565,746,1847,1873]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FDF4F8CEFD6CF89E" box="[565,658,1847,1873]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Ellisella</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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form dichotomously branched, bushy colonies with whip-like branches, so the Indian material would appear to be a species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FCADF8A2FC29F8BA" box="[876,983,1883,1909]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Viminella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FCADF8A2FC29F8BA" box="[876,983,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Viminella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FC24F8A2FB2CF8BA" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Geetha, S. & Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R." box="[997,1234,1883,1909]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="1567 - 1575" refId="ref103536" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Geetha, S., Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R. (2019 b) Diversity and distribution of shallow water octocorallia from Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, South Andaman, India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 48 (10), 1567 - 1575." type="journal article" year="2019">
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||
Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FBFBF8A2FB8DF8BA" box="[1082,1139,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
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(2019b)
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</bibRefCitation>
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list
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FAC2F8A2FA62F8BA" box="[1283,1436,1883,1909]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laevis">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FAC2F8A2FA62F8BA" box="[1283,1436,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Nicella laevis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
and provide an underwater image of an unbranched, white, whip-like colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |