312 lines
41 KiB
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312 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.85204" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69e3a7a3-d279-4b63-8070-be3b1c813968" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-1-133" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CF6673C9B1765D47B848F9C007505762" ID-ZooBank="24DF15ADF8A04086AD8C60AD39C8A4AA" ModsDocID="2535-0730-7-1-133" checkinTime="1683131477234" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lehmann, Ingo & Dalsgaard, Thure" docDate="2023" docId="B68E14BC2EDA5E739BB854B0F26CF5B2" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 7(1): 133-182" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 7 (1)" docPubDate="2023-05-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.85204" docTitle="Eberhardfischeria Lehmann & Dalsgaard 2023, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="D6303E2E-66E7-4D06-B30B-3C45740DE56D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="CF6673C9B1765D47B848F9C007505762" lastPageNumber="133" masterDocId="CF6673C9B1765D47B848F9C007505762" masterDocTitle="Revision of Saalmulleria Mabille, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Metarbelidae) from Madagascar with the description of three new genera and fifteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="133" pageNumber="133" updateTime="1683132232210" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Saalmulleria Mabille, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Metarbelidae) from Madagascar with the description of three new genera and fifteen new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lehmann, Ingo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, ztm, Museum der Natur, Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lehmannshimoni@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dalsgaard, Thure</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, ztm, Museum der Natur, Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">t.dalsgaard@leibniz-lib.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-05-03</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>133</mods:start>
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<mods:end>182</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.85204</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.85204</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0730-1-133</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">24DF15ADF8A04086AD8C60AD39C8A4AA</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">CF6673C9B1765D47B848F9C007505762</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D6303E2E-66E7-4D06-B30B-3C45740DE56D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B68E14BC2EDA5E739BB854B0F26CF5B2" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/D6303E2E-66E7-4D06-B30B-3C45740DE56D" authority="Lehmann & Dalsgaard, 2023" authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Metarbelidae" genus="Eberhardfischeria" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eberhardfischeria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Eberhardfischeria</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="133">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Type species of genus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Metarbelidae" genus="Eberhardfischeria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eberhardfischeria husemanni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="husemanni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Eberhardfischeria husemanni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. is designated as the type species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="autapomorphies diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Autapomorphies diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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The genus is defined by the following combination of characters in females: short, triangular-shaped forewings are only slightly longer than rounded hindwings, both without any vitreous patches; and large lobes are in almost vertical position, as large as
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">ca.</emphasis>
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35% of papillae anales, with very long setae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="differential diagnosis shared with saalmulleria from madagascar">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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Differential diagnosis shared with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Leguminosae" genus="Saalmulleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saalmulleria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Saalmulleria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Madagascar.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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The basal point of the well visible fork of R 1+R 2 has the same distance to the anterior angle of median cell as the basal point of the fork of R 3+R 4 (in contrast
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">cf.</emphasis>
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species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Morondavania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Morondavania" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Morondavania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov.). Both basal points are at
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">ca.</emphasis>
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40-50% of the length of R 3.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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Diagnostic characters in females of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Metarbelidae" genus="Eberhardfischeria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eberhardfischeria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Eberhardfischeria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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The labial palpi are two-segmented, 2 nd segment longest, slightly bent, oval,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">ca.</emphasis>
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2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than 1 st (basal) segment that is very short, rectangular and not broader, apical palpomere absent (in contrast
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">cf.</emphasis>
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species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Morondavania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Morondavania" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Morondavania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov. and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Leguminosae" genus="Saalmulleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saalmulleria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Saalmulleria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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The lower part of the fronto-clypeus of the head has a well sclerotized and large plate-like structure with a strongly defined dorsal ridge (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. SEM pictures of diagnostic head structures of Metarbelidae from Madagascar: A. The lower fronto-clypeus of Morondavania mineti sp. nov., holotype, male, is narrow and without a pair of pits as well as without a pair of projections; B, D. The lower fronto-clypeus of Eberhardfischeria husemanni sp. nov., paratype, female, is broad with a strongly sclerotized plate-like structure (a) with a well-defined dorsal ridge (b) and a pair of rudimentary pits (c); C, E, F. The very broad and smooth lower fronto-clypeus of Saalmulleria ampandrandavaensis sp. nov., holotype, female, is without any plate-like structure, but with a pair of well-developed pits (d), a variable character in species of Saalmulleria that is sometimes entirely absent. A pair of pits on the lower fronto-clypeus is a homoplasy among Metarbelidae in both sexes (cf. Lehmann 2019 b) and it is in species of various genera a variable character (SEM pictures taken by Karin Ulmen, ZFMK, Bonn 2013)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845646" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">16B, D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Strongly sclerotized and broad veins on both forewing and hindwing.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Anterior apophysis has on the basal half a long, deep horizontal graben-like structure.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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Female
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Head</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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(Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. a. Morondavania mineti sp. nov., holotype, male, Madagascar, Western Region, north of Morondava, Marofandilia Forest; b. M. mineti sp. nov., paratype, male, Madagascar, Western Region, north of Morondava, western part of Marofandilia Forest; c. Eberhardfischeria husemanni sp. nov., holotype, female, Madagascar, Western Region, Diego Suarez (today Antsira ṅana) or areas nearby; d. E. husemanni sp. nov., paratype, female, Madagascar, Western Region, Diego Suarez (today Antsira ṅana) or areas nearby; e. Saalmulleria stumpffi (Saalmueller, 1884), " Type ", female, Madagascar, Sambirano Region, Nosy Be Island, Lokobe; f. S. analameranaensis sp. nov., holotype, female, Madagascar, Western Region, Analamerana Forest, ca. 10 km to 40 km west of the Indian Ocean coastline; g. S. ampandrandavaensis sp. nov., holotype, female, Madagascar, Central Region, Ampandrandava, ca. 50 km northeast of Bekily." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845634" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">4c, d</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wing venation: a. Eberhardfischeria husemanni sp. nov., paratype, female; b. Morondavania mineti sp. nov., holotype, male; c. Saalmulleria stumpffi (Saalmueller, 1884), " Type ", female." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845635" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">5a</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female postabdominal structures and male genitalia in a not pressed condition: a. Eberhardfischeria husemanni sp. nov., paratype, female; b. Saalmulleria stumpffi (Saalmueller, 1884), " Type ", female; c. Shimbania kerstinhempae sp. nov., holotype, female; d. Morondavania mineti sp. nov., paratype, male, with aedeagus below; e. S. wichgrafi (Gruenberg, 1910), " Type ", male, with aedeagus below (all drawings by I. L.)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845637" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">7a</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Female postabdominal structures of a. Eberhardfischeria husemanni sp. nov., holotype, female, Madagascar, Western Region, Diego Suarez (today Antsira ṅana); b. E. husemanni sp. nov., paratype, female, Madagascar, Western Region, Diego Suarez (today Antsira ṅana). The type locality is in or somewhere to the South of Diego Suarez." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845644" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">13a, b</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. SEM pictures of diagnostic head structures of Metarbelidae from Madagascar: A. The lower fronto-clypeus of Morondavania mineti sp. nov., holotype, male, is narrow and without a pair of pits as well as without a pair of projections; B, D. The lower fronto-clypeus of Eberhardfischeria husemanni sp. nov., paratype, female, is broad with a strongly sclerotized plate-like structure (a) with a well-defined dorsal ridge (b) and a pair of rudimentary pits (c); C, E, F. The very broad and smooth lower fronto-clypeus of Saalmulleria ampandrandavaensis sp. nov., holotype, female, is without any plate-like structure, but with a pair of well-developed pits (d), a variable character in species of Saalmulleria that is sometimes entirely absent. A pair of pits on the lower fronto-clypeus is a homoplasy among Metarbelidae in both sexes (cf. Lehmann 2019 b) and it is in species of various genera a variable character (SEM pictures taken by Karin Ulmen, ZFMK, Bonn 2013)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845646" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">16B, D</figureCitation>
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): Rough-scaled; long hair-like scales of light brownish-olive mixed with deep olive-buff scales on fronto-clypeus; eyes olive with black patches; a pair of tiny, rudimentary pits present on lower fronto-clypeus, a pair of conical projections absent, small oval pits behind labial palpi present; labial palpi deep olive-buff, half of eye-diameter, narrow, consisting of two segments; 2nd segment longest, slightly bent, oval,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">ca.</emphasis>
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2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than 1st (basal) segment that is very short, rectangular and not broader, apical palpomere absent. Antennae bipectinate, narrow and long branches up to 3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than width of shaft, branches are widely separated at base with 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width of branch, dorsal and lateral sides of branches not scaled, but with many setae in pairs ventrally and laterally, dorsal and lateral sides of flagellum scaled deep olive-buff mixed with brownish-olive.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845643" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Figure 14.</emphasis>
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Female postabdominal structures of
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">a.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Saalmueller" baseAuthorityYear="1884" class="Insecta" family="Leguminosae" genus="Saalmulleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saalmulleria stumpffi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stumpffi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Saalmulleria stumpffi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Saalmüller">Saalmueller</normalizedToken>
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, 1884),
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Type”">"Type"</normalizedToken>
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, female, Madagascar, Sambirano Region, Nosy Be Island, Lokobe;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">b.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. analameranaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="analameranaensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. analameranaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., holotype, female, Madagascar, Western Region, Analamerana Forest, ca. 10 km to 40 km west of the Indian Ocean coastline.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Thorax</emphasis>
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: Densely covered with hair-like scales of dark olive-buff with chestnut on upper half of scales on patagia, often these scales have a tiny light grey or pale olive tip, scales on patagia form a collar ring, scales on tegulae long hair-like, sepia and chestnut mixed with some scales of pale olive-buff with a light lilac glint; scale crest on metathorax pale olive-buff with a cream base, dark chestnut and sepia at center. Fore and mid legs deep olive-buff with long dense hair-like structures and a light golden glint. Epiphyses present, long, up to 2.0 mm, broad and flat. Hind legs in holotype and paratype unknown (missing). Wingspan is between 39.0 mm up to 42.5 mm. Forewing short, triangular with a rounded apex, upperside deep olive-buff and towards termen with a light golden glint, scale pattern is present, usually with a narrow, almost triangular band of dark olive-buff from costa towards end of CuA1, the latter and CuA2 are narrowly dark olive-buff, several very narrow bands and lines of dark olive-buff from costa to dorsum, termen without lunules, a dark chestnut patch is present below base of 1A+2A, up to 50% length of 1A+2A. Hindwing elongated, but rounded, termen not bent inwards, largely with short scales of deep olive-buff with a light golden glint, without any pattern. Underside with scales of deep olive-buff and cream with a light golden glint. Cilia very long with up to 1.5 mm length, deep olive-buff with a glint. Forewing venation (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wing venation: a. Eberhardfischeria husemanni sp. nov., paratype, female; b. Morondavania mineti sp. nov., holotype, male; c. Saalmulleria stumpffi (Saalmueller, 1884), " Type ", female." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845635" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">5a</figureCitation>
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) with 1A+2A deeply forked at base, fork is 25% the length of 1A+2A; CuP absent, but represented by a continuous fold that is not sclerotized; CuA2 originating from near hind margin of posterior cell; CuA1, M3 and M2 separate and originating from apical angle of posterior cell; M1 originating from distal margin of median cell and not near its anterior angle; areole absent; R1+R2 originating from a long stalk (the stalk has the length of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">ca.</emphasis>
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40-50% of R3) and initiating from anterior angle of median cell; R3+R4+R5 are long stalked and originating from anterior angle of median cell, the basal point of this stalk is exactly opposite of the basal point of the stalk of R1+R2; Sc more or less parallel to R1. Hindwing venation with 3A present, 1A+2A present as a strong sclerotized fold, without a small fork at base, CuP represented by a sclerotized fold; CuA2 originating from near hind margin of posterior cell; CuA1, M3 and M2 originating from apical angle of posterior cell, separated; M1 and Rs originating from anterior cell, broadly separated, with M1 at center of distal margin of anterior cell (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">cf.</emphasis>
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different position of basal point of M1 in hindwing of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Morondavania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Morondavania" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Morondavania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov.); a short bar from Rs to Sc+R1 is absent (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wing venation: a. Eberhardfischeria husemanni sp. nov., paratype, female; b. Morondavania mineti sp. nov., holotype, male; c. Saalmulleria stumpffi (Saalmueller, 1884), " Type ", female." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845635" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">5a</figureCitation>
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), a vein in discocellular cell on both fore- and hindwing is present and forked distally in forewing and sometimes with a tiny fork in hindwing. The discocellular cell on the hindwing is similar in shape like a fish-tail, but the upper and lower tip are not in opposite position, and both tips are not pointed. Fringe scales very long, up to 1.5 mm, deep olive-buff with a glint. Retinaculum and frenulum absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Abdomen</emphasis>
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: With dense hair-like scales of deep olive-buff mixed with dark olive and short abdominal tuft,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">ca.</emphasis>
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20% of abdomen length. Female postabdominal structure (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female postabdominal structures and male genitalia in a not pressed condition: a. Eberhardfischeria husemanni sp. nov., paratype, female; b. Saalmulleria stumpffi (Saalmueller, 1884), " Type ", female; c. Shimbania kerstinhempae sp. nov., holotype, female; d. Morondavania mineti sp. nov., paratype, male, with aedeagus below; e. S. wichgrafi (Gruenberg, 1910), " Type ", male, with aedeagus below (all drawings by I. L.)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845637" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">7a</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Female postabdominal structures of a. Eberhardfischeria husemanni sp. nov., holotype, female, Madagascar, Western Region, Diego Suarez (today Antsira ṅana); b. E. husemanni sp. nov., paratype, female, Madagascar, Western Region, Diego Suarez (today Antsira ṅana). The type locality is in or somewhere to the South of Diego Suarez." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845644" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">13a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
) with large lobes of papillae anales, one lobe as large as 35% of papillae anales, lobes in almost vertical position; dorsal part elliptic in posterior view, covered with short and many long setae. Segment 8 represents a medium broad rectangular sclerotized band, more narrow ventrally, setose along its whole posterior margin with long setae, but without any setae on segment 8, with a narrow band attached ventrally extending to the base of anterior apophysis; anterior apophysis up to 2.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as segment 8 dorsally, on their basal half of length 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as broad as at tip, at middle knee-like shaped, in the basal half with a long, deep horizontal graben-like structure; posterior apophysis narrow with a three times broader base on one-third of their entire length, up to 50% the length of anterior apophysis, with medium large sclerotized base up to 30% the size of papillae anales in lateral view; ductus bursae and corpus bursae are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Male</emphasis>
|
||
: unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="species richness">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Species richness.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Currently, the new genus is monotypic including one species new to science.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Metarbelidae" genus="Eberhardfischeria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eberhardfischeria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Eberhardfischeria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur on northern Madagascar in the "Western region" and possibly in adjacent areas of the "Sambirano Region" and "Central Region"
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Humbert, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Applied Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B36" refString="Humbert, H, 1955. Les territoires phytogeographiques de Madagascar. In: Colloques internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LIX: les divisions ecologiques du monde, moyen d'expression, nomenclature, cartographie. Annee Biologique, serie 3(31): 439-448[, Paris]." title="Les territoires phytogeographiques de Madagascar. In: Colloques internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LIX: les divisions ecologiques du monde, moyen d'expression, nomenclature, cartographie. Annee Biologique, serie 3 (31): 439 - 448 [, Paris]." year="1955">Humbert (1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Humbert, H" editor="Humbert, H" journalOrPublisher="Travaux de la Section Scientifique et Technique de l'Institut Franҫais de Pondichery, hors serie, volume 6" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="46 - 78" refId="B37" refString="Humbert, H, 1965. Description des types de vegetation. In: Humbert, H, Cours-Darne, G, Eds., Notice de la carte de Madagascar. Travaux de la Section Scientifique et Technique de l'Institut Franҫais de Pondichery, hors serie, volume 6: 46 - 78" title="Description des types de vegetation." volumeTitle="Notice de la carte de Madagascar." year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Species of this new genus are most probably restricted to the highly threatened primary dry deciduous forest and woodland patches within the "Madagascar Dry Deciduous Forests" ecoregion
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Crowley, H" editor="Burgess, ND" journalOrPublisher="World Wildlife Fund (United States), Island Press, Washington, 269 - 271, 271 - 273, 276 - 278" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="417 - 418" refId="B13" refString="Crowley, H, 2004. Madagascar Humid Forests / Madagascar Subhumid Forests / Madagascar Dry Deciduous Forests / Madagascar Succulent Woodlands. In: Burgess, ND, D'Amico Hales, J, Underwood, E, Dinerstein, E, Olson, D, Itoua, I, Schipper, J, Rickketts, T, Newman, K, Eds., Terrestrial ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: a conservation assessment. World Wildlife Fund (United States), Island Press, Washington, 269-271, 271-273, 276-278: 417 - 418" title="Madagascar Humid Forests / Madagascar Subhumid Forests / Madagascar Dry Deciduous Forests / Madagascar Succulent Woodlands." volumeTitle="Terrestrial ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: a conservation assessment." year="2004">Crowley (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and adjacent to or including parts of the "Madagascar Humid Forests" and "Madagascar Subhumid Forests" ecoregion
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Crowley, H" editor="Burgess, ND" journalOrPublisher="World Wildlife Fund (United States), Island Press, Washington, 269 - 271, 271 - 273, 276 - 278" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="417 - 418" refId="B13" refString="Crowley, H, 2004. Madagascar Humid Forests / Madagascar Subhumid Forests / Madagascar Dry Deciduous Forests / Madagascar Succulent Woodlands. In: Burgess, ND, D'Amico Hales, J, Underwood, E, Dinerstein, E, Olson, D, Itoua, I, Schipper, J, Rickketts, T, Newman, K, Eds., Terrestrial ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: a conservation assessment. World Wildlife Fund (United States), Island Press, Washington, 269-271, 271-273, 276-278: 417 - 418" title="Madagascar Humid Forests / Madagascar Subhumid Forests / Madagascar Dry Deciduous Forests / Madagascar Succulent Woodlands." volumeTitle="Terrestrial ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: a conservation assessment." year="2004">Crowley (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
up to an altitude of 1.475 m in the Parc National de la Montagne
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ambre">d'Ambre</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Due to the definitions of both ecoregions, the distribution range of species of the new genus extend within lowland (below an altitude of 800 m) as well as submontane areas (below an altitude of 1.800 m,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">cf.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Du Puy, DJ" editor="Goodman, SM" journalOrPublisher="The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="51 - 74" refId="B19" refString="Du Puy, DJ, Moat, J, 2003. Using Geological Substrate to Identify and Map Primary Vegetation Types in Madagascar and the Implications for Planning Biodiversity Conservation. In: Goodman, SM, Benstead, JP, Eds., The Natural History of Madagascar. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London: 51 - 74" title="Using Geological Substrate to Identify and Map Primary Vegetation Types in Madagascar and the Implications for Planning Biodiversity Conservation." volumeTitle="The Natural History of Madagascar." year="2003">Du Puy and Moat 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of the "West Malagasy regional centre of endemism"
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="White, F" journalOrPublisher="Unesco, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B104" refString="White, F, 1983. The Vegetation of Africa: a Descriptive Memoir to Accompany the Unesco/AETFAT/UNSO Vegetation Map of Africa. Natural Resources Research no. XX. Unesco, Paris" title="The Vegetation of Africa: a Descriptive Memoir to Accompany the Unesco / AETFAT / UNSO Vegetation Map of Africa. Natural Resources Research no. XX." year="1983">White (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The "Sambirano Region" is a small exclave in the "East Malagasy regional centre of endemism"
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="White, F" journalOrPublisher="Unesco, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B104" refString="White, F, 1983. The Vegetation of Africa: a Descriptive Memoir to Accompany the Unesco/AETFAT/UNSO Vegetation Map of Africa. Natural Resources Research no. XX. Unesco, Paris" title="The Vegetation of Africa: a Descriptive Memoir to Accompany the Unesco / AETFAT / UNSO Vegetation Map of Africa. Natural Resources Research no. XX." year="1983">White (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and a phytogeographically distinct unit with high levels of endemism in the flora particularly at lower elevations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Humbert, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Applied Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B36" refString="Humbert, H, 1955. Les territoires phytogeographiques de Madagascar. In: Colloques internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LIX: les divisions ecologiques du monde, moyen d'expression, nomenclature, cartographie. Annee Biologique, serie 3(31): 439-448[, Paris]." title="Les territoires phytogeographiques de Madagascar. In: Colloques internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LIX: les divisions ecologiques du monde, moyen d'expression, nomenclature, cartographie. Annee Biologique, serie 3 (31): 439 - 448 [, Paris]." year="1955">Humbert 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226337609.001.0001" author="Gautier, I" editor="Goodman, SM" journalOrPublisher="The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="229 - 256" refId="B24" refString="Gautier, I, Goodman, SM, 2003. Introduction to the flora of Madagascar. In: Goodman, SM, Benstead, JP, Eds., The Natural History of Madagascar. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London: 229 - 256, DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226337609.001.0001" title="Introduction to the flora of Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226337609.001.0001" volumeTitle="The Natural History of Madagascar." year="2003">Gautier and Goodman 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Noteworthy, woody species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Leguminosae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="family">Leguminosae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are less diverse in East Malagasy primary lowland rain forests than in the Guineo-Congolian rain forests of the African mainland (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="White, F" journalOrPublisher="Unesco, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B104" refString="White, F, 1983. The Vegetation of Africa: a Descriptive Memoir to Accompany the Unesco/AETFAT/UNSO Vegetation Map of Africa. Natural Resources Research no. XX. Unesco, Paris" title="The Vegetation of Africa: a Descriptive Memoir to Accompany the Unesco / AETFAT / UNSO Vegetation Map of Africa. Natural Resources Research no. XX." year="1983">White 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); in contrast, the "Madagascar Dry Deciduous Forests" comprise highest diversities of woody
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Leguminosae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="family">Leguminosae</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Madagascar (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Morondavania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Morondavania" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="genus">Morondavania</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
gen. nov.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="biological traits">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Biological traits.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
The biology of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Metarbelidae" genus="Eberhardfischeria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eberhardfischeria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Eberhardfischeria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown at present. However, lowland tropical
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Metarbelidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Metarbelidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are strongly associated to habitats with a dominance of woody legumes (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="genus">Shimbania</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Morondavania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Morondavania" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Morondavania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
above;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2008)97[43:TNSOML]2.0.CO;2" author="Lehmann, I" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichten Entomologischer Verein Apollo" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B51" refString="Lehmann, I, 2008. Ten new species of Metarbelidae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea) from the coastal forests and the Eastern Arc Mountains of Kenya and Tanzania, including one species from two upland forests. Journal of East African Natural History 97(1): 43-82. https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2008)97[43:TNSOML]2.0.CO;2" title="Ten new species of Metarbelidae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea) from the coastal forests and the Eastern Arc Mountains of Kenya and Tanzania, including one species from two upland forests. Journal of East African Natural History 97 (1): 43 - 82." url="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2008)97[43:TNSOML]2.0.CO;2" year="2008">Lehmann 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lehmann, I" journalOrPublisher="Heterocera Sumatrana" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B60" refString="Lehmann, I, 2019b. First revision of the family Metarbelidae Strand, 1909 (Lepidoptera, Cossoidea Leach, 1815) and a phylogeny based on adult morphology of 60 genera from the Afrotropical and Oriental Region. Doctoral Dissertation, 1-398, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet Bonn. Universitaets- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, published 19th August 2019. [URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-55423]" title="First revision of the family Metarbelidae Strand, 1909 (Lepidoptera, Cossoidea Leach, 1815) and a phylogeny based on adult morphology of 60 genera from the Afrotropical and Oriental Region. Doctoral Dissertation, 1 - 398, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet Bonn. Universitaets- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, published 19 th August 2019. [URN: urn: nbn: de: hbz: 5 n- 55423]" year="2019 b">2019b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Balsaminaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Papilionoideae">Papilionoideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Balsaminaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mimosoideae">Mimosoideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Caesalpiniodeae that are most diverse in deciduous vegetation with a marked dry season, but possibly also occurring locally in lowland humid evergreen forests on northern Madagascar. The latter forests experience a dry season of only two or four months and an average annual rainfall that exceeds 2000 mm per year. Subhumid forests are drier with an average annual rainfall of 1500 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
The genus is named in honour of Professor Dr. Eberhard Fischer (University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany) for his contributions as the second supervisor on the Doctoral Dissertation of the first author in regard to botanical issues in context to the family
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Metarbelidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Metarbelidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">cf.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lehmann, I" journalOrPublisher="Heterocera Sumatrana" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B60" refString="Lehmann, I, 2019b. First revision of the family Metarbelidae Strand, 1909 (Lepidoptera, Cossoidea Leach, 1815) and a phylogeny based on adult morphology of 60 genera from the Afrotropical and Oriental Region. Doctoral Dissertation, 1-398, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet Bonn. Universitaets- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, published 19th August 2019. [URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-55423]" title="First revision of the family Metarbelidae Strand, 1909 (Lepidoptera, Cossoidea Leach, 1815) and a phylogeny based on adult morphology of 60 genera from the Afrotropical and Oriental Region. Doctoral Dissertation, 1 - 398, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet Bonn. Universitaets- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, published 19 th August 2019. [URN: urn: nbn: de: hbz: 5 n- 55423]" year="2019 b">Lehmann 2019b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This genus from Madagascar is named also for him as Eberhard Fischer has done significant botanical research on Madagascar,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">cf.</emphasis>
|
||
the chapters on the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Scrophulariaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="family">Scrophulariaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann & Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Balsaminaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="family">Balsaminaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the book "The Natural History of Madagascar" edited by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226337609.001.0001" author="Goodman, SM" journalOrPublisher="Primate Report, 46 - 1, Special Issue, Berne" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B27" refString="Goodman, SM, Benstead, JP [Eds], 2003. The Natural History of Madagascar. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, v-xxi + 1709 pp. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226337609.001.0001" title="The Natural History of Madagascar. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, v-xxi + 1709 pp." url="https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226337609.001.0001" year="2003">Goodman and Benstead (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |