684 lines
83 KiB
XML
684 lines
83 KiB
XML
<document id="7DF6925ADFF33EDC4FEC75194C6E6BCA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.179597" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a430f04-72dc-4c86-bb02-4e069be5e6bf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="179597" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459983314467" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bernal, Manuel Hernando, Luna-Mora, Victor Fabio, Gallego, Oscar & Quevedo, Alonso" docDate="2007" docId="B60F87EAFFDFFFB3FF01FB71FB52FD66" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01638p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1638" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ranitomeya tolimense Bernal, Luna-Mora, Gallego & Quevedo, 2007, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="4A36FF92FFDEFFB4FF96FF96FFACFFF4" masterDocTitle="A new species of poison frog (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae) from the Andean mountains of Tolima, Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1698232017620" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F30CB879965C9BB2F6DB14EB056EC0E8">
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<mods:title id="0CD30C8841D7FF3D2B4942297FE900F6">A new species of poison frog (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae) from the Andean mountains of Tolima, Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4DC4BDA5F869C45599EC07C38ACE423C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="0A537F20FAB43B312F8A0E9A9ADDA281">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0E5B670B4550306C32DF3BB656727D37">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="159942CA1B3EC24795EA264B50C479D7">Bernal, Manuel Hernando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B4E995EEF828CEAD47DE53C13C949542">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4DE6BD636CE01A24BC673D3BB577445A">Luna-Mora, Victor Fabio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="244BB839A8F6BBD7CBFA4C8113EC99A3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B1F5A571D0AB915E3631B9227F4BCB15">Gallego, Oscar</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7EC0DA0F7498CBA415832179D12E2E76" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F9CC47934A48041E9F854764EFA6EBAC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9CB963FB606B9D3F454E20CAC1A9EBCF">Quevedo, Alonso</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="31A1E227759CABFD540BA0FC07F6AE13">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F4F53209397669357B118ECCA664D702">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D579BBD4007AB49768CBB2F54A3DCF60">
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<mods:date id="1E5FD4B5CE7BB168C5EDDF43CE7B068B">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EF5719B01D55FB3241D771C82F00D859">1638</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="E593E826AF6E3110CBBE4D9362FD8836">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5EACC203B0AF6A39A8CE44CD6446B8B0" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.179597</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="10E6BFFCE4271246A1527B33D7CDE228" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C27B90D7CFB016F2E662FD676B21E631" type="Zenodo-Dep">179597</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B60F87EAFFDFFFB3FF01FB71FB52FD66" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5618716" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119378877" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5618716" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B60F87EAFFDFFFB3FF01FB71FB52FD66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B60F87EAFFDFFFB3FF01FB71FB52FD66" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="76BC6577FFDFFFB5FF01FB71FEA0FAD0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDFFFB5FF01FB71FDA4FAF5" blockId="1.[151,520,1255,1316]" box="[151,520,1255,1281]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<heading id="65518190FFDFFFB5FF01FB71FDA4FAF5" bold="true" box="[151,520,1255,1281]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDFFFB5FF01FB71FDA4FAF5" bold="true" box="[151,520,1255,1281]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDFFFB5FF01FB71FE0EFAF5" ID-CoL="6X539" box="[151,418,1255,1281]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolimense" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDFFFB5FF01FB71FE0EFAF5" bold="true" box="[151,418,1255,1281]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Ranitomeya tolimense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="17E15795FFDFFFB5FE3CFB71FDA4FAF5" box="[426,520,1255,1281]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDFFFB5FF01FA9CFEA0FAD0" blockId="1.[151,520,1255,1316]" box="[151,268,1290,1316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="A69D2A79FFDFFFB5FF09FA9CFF49FAD0" box="[159,229,1290,1316]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1131,1155]" captionTargetBox="[256,1395,181,1034]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[178,1409,146,1114]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ranitomeya tolimense, new species. Lateral view showing color pattern. CZUT-A 989 adult female, SVL 17.94 mm. Photo: Manuel H. Bernal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179598/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="A69D2A79FFDFFFB5FF65FA9CFEAFFAD0" box="[243,259,1290,1316]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[185,1393,200,1365]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[180,1408,194,1377]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male nurse frog (CZUT-A 990) with a tadpole over his back at the type locality. Photo: Victor Luna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179599/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="76BC6577FFDFFFB5FF01FACCFD89F9E0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDFFFB5FF01FACCFB12FA30" blockId="1.[151,1437,1370,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDFFFB5FF01FACCFEBEFA80" bold="true" box="[151,274,1370,1396]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<typeStatus id="E11D885EFFDFFFB5FF01FACCFEA2FA80" box="[151,270,1370,1396]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="58B7AE39FFDFFFB5FE8DFACCFEE1FA80" box="[283,333,1370,1396]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">ICN</collectionCode>
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53372, an adult male, collected by Oscar Gallego, Victor Luna and Manuel H. Bernal on
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<date id="4A18103CFFDFFFB5FAE9FACCFEA3FA68" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2007-05-19">19 May 2007</date>
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near “Finca La Lulera”, vereda el Llano, Departamento del Tolima, Municipio de Falan, Cordillera Central of
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<collectingCountry id="46B1766CFFDFFFB5FE82FA3CFE27FA30" box="[276,395,1450,1476]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, elevation
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<quantity id="F95E9B19FFDFFFB5FD9FFA3CFDCEFA30" box="[521,610,1450,1476]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8519999999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="1852.0">1852 m</quantity>
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above sea level (
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<geoCoordinate id="5B92503BFFDFFFB5FCBAFA3CFC02FA30" box="[812,942,1450,1476]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" precision="15" value="5.018889">5º01’08”N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="5B92503BFFDFFFB5FC2CFA3CFBE2FA30" box="[954,1102,1450,1476]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" precision="15" value="-75.04195">75º02’31”W</geoCoordinate>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="A69D2A79FFDFFFB5FBF1FA3CFB02FA30" box="[1127,1198,1450,1476]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1955,1979]" captionTargetBox="[292,1307,926,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1360,901,1932]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map of Colombia showing (arrow) the type locality of Ranitomeya tolimense." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179600/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDFFFB5FF53FA44FD89F9E0" blockId="1.[151,1437,1370,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDFFFB5FF53FA44FEE0FA18" bold="true" box="[197,332,1490,1516]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<typeStatus id="E11D885EFFDFFFB5FF53FA44FEEBFA18" box="[197,327,1490,1516]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="58B7AE39FFDFFFB5FEC3FA44FE2BFA18" box="[341,391,1490,1516]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">ICN</collectionCode>
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53373, adult female; CZUT-A 988-989, adult females; CZUT-A 990-991, adult males; collected along with the
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<typeStatus id="E11D885EFFDFFFB5FE21FA6CFD8EF9E0" box="[439,546,1530,1556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="76BC6577FFDFFFB5FF53F9B4FBB5F800" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDFFFB5FF53F9B4FEE1F990" blockId="1.[151,1437,1370,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDFFFB5FF53F9B4FEF9F9C8" bold="true" box="[197,341,1570,1596]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Etymology:</emphasis>
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The specific epithet means “from Tolima”, the department of
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<collectingCountry id="46B1766CFFDFFFB5FBAFF9B4FB01F9C8" box="[1081,1197,1570,1596]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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where the new species was found.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDFFFB5FF53F9E4FBB5F800" blockId="1.[151,1437,1370,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDFFFB5FF53F9E4FDAEF978" bold="true" box="[197,514,1650,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Definition and diagnosis:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDFFFB5FD9DF9E5FCBDF978" box="[523,785,1651,1676]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolimense">
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<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDFFFB5FD9DF9E5FCBDF978" box="[523,785,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Ranitomeya tolimense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a dendrobatid having an adult SVL of
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<quantity id="F95E9B19FFDFFFB5FA9FF9E4FF65F940" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.829" metricValueMax="1.892" metricValueMin="1.766" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="18.29" valueMax="18.92" valueMin="17.66">17.66–18.92 mm</quantity>
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. Dorsal surfaces in life brown or dark brown, anteriorly with a moderate metallic yellow-bronze color that ends posterior to the head and gradually after the midbody. Ventral surfaces in life overall brown dark, with or without bluish green spots or speckling on belly, undersides of thighs and groins. The skin is granular on the dorsum, flanks, venter and the dorsal surface of the limbs, and comparatively less granular on the forelimbs. A brown dark stripe extends from the outer border of the eyes, crossing the tympanum, to the forelimbs insertions, which contrasts with the yellow color of the upper jaw. The proximodorsal surface of the upper arm is yellow. Fingers are webless; adpressed first finger shorter than second; third finger disc of adults about 1.5– 2.0 times wider than distal end of adjacent phalanx, discs on fingers notably expanded. Digits of feet lacking webbing or lateral fringe; toe I shorter than toe II, and unexpanded toe discs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="76BC6577FFDCFFB0FF53FF0EFF46F9A2" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDCFFB6FF53FF0EFE68FDED" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDCFFB6FF53FF0EFE65FF45" box="[197,457,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolimense">
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<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDCFFB6FF53FF0EFE65FF45" box="[197,457,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Ranitomeya tolimense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is considered to be related to
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<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDCFFB6FCB9FF0EFAA4FF45" box="[815,1288,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDCFFB6FCB9FF0EFC32FF45" box="[815,926,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abdita">R. abdita</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDCFFB6FC3DFF0EFB93FF45" box="[939,1087,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bombetes">R. bombetes</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDCFFB6FBDDFF0EFAA4FF45" box="[1099,1288,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opisthomelas">R. opisthomelas</taxonomicName>
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||
</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDCFFB6FAD4FF0EFF5DFF2D" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virolinensis">
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<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDCFFB6FAD4FF0EFF5DFF2D" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">R. virolinensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on shared larval characters, proposed to represent synapomorphies by
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<bibRefCitation id="5A374B0DFFDCFFB6FB06FF56FA34FF2E" author="Myers" box="[1168,1432,192,218]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Myers, C. W. & Daly J. (1980) Taxonomy and ecology of Dendrobates bombetes, a new Andean poison frog with new skin toxins. American Museum Novitates, New York, 2694, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1980">Myers & Daly (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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. The character state is the median gap that interrupts the papillae fringe on the lower edge of the oral disc. The new species can be distinguished from these four species by the dorsal color:
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<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDCFFB6FB8AFE86FB2BFEDD" box="[1052,1159,272,297]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abdita">
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<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDCFFB6FB8AFE86FB2BFEDD" box="[1052,1159,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">R. abdita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is unicolor dark bronzy brown with orange flash marks proximally on the arms and legs adjacent to axilla and groin;
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<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDCFFB6FB79FEAEFA2CFEA5" box="[1263,1408,312,337]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bombetes">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDCFFB6FB79FEAEFA2CFEA5" box="[1263,1408,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">R. bombetes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is black with dorsolateral stripes yellowish or orange golden;
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<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDCFFB6FCD9FEF6FBA6FE8D" box="[847,1034,352,377]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opisthomelas">
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||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDCFFB6FCD9FEF6FBA6FE8D" box="[847,1034,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">R. opisthomelas</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDCFFB6FBD5FEF6FB40FE8D" box="[1091,1260,352,377]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virolinensis">
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<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDCFFB6FBD5FEF6FB40FE8D" box="[1091,1260,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">R. virolinensis</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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are largely red turning gray distally on limbs and dark brown after two-third of body, respectively.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDCFFB6FB16FE1EFABFFE55" box="[1152,1299,392,417]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolimense">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDCFFB6FB16FE1EFABFFE55" box="[1152,1299,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">R. tolimense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is syntopic with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDCFFB6FF43FE26FE19FE3D" box="[213,437,432,457]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorisswansonae">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDCFFB6FF43FE26FE19FE3D" box="[213,437,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">R. dorisswansonae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but readily distinguished by color pattern and morphology since the latter is dark brown or black with irregular red blotches, and the toes I and II are partially or totally fused (not so in the new species described herein).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDCFFB6FF53FDB1FD70FD66" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDCFFB6FF53FDB1FDC7FDB5" bold="true" box="[197,619,551,577]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="E11D885EFFDCFFB6FE3EFDB1FDB8FDB5" box="[424,532,551,577]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(mm):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SVL 17.66; TL 7.98; GBW 8.13; greatest HW 5.97; IOD 2.35; HL 5.04; TSCN 1.55; NED 1.36;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="46B1766CFFDCFFB6FE6FFDC6FD81FD9E" box="[505,557,592,618]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">IND</collectingCountry>
|
||
2.52; EL 2.32; HDT 1.18; MTD 1.02; HaL 4.65; WTFD 0.80; WTF 0.40; WTTD 0.64; WTT 0.61; WFTD 0.50; WFT 0.45.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDCFFB6FF53FD09FD0EFC26" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDCFFB6FF53FD09FC4BFD4D" bold="true" box="[197,999,671,697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E11D885EFFDCFFB6FE20FD09FE40FD4D" box="[438,492,671,697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series (
|
||
<specimenCount id="28A0FD75FFDCFFB6FDC6FD09FD07FD4D" box="[592,683,671,697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="adult">3 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
males,
|
||
<specimenCount id="28A0FD75FFDCFFB6FC86FD09FCC6FD4D" box="[784,874,671,697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="adult">3 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Size small, with maximum SVL of 18.91 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="73240347FFDCFFB6FF7EFD5EFEECFD16" box="[232,320,712,738]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,1031,1055]" captionTargetBox="[159,1400,1088,1956]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) for the type series of Ranitomeya tolimense, new species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6AD96674FFDCFFB6FF01FB91FBDFFBEB" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" tableUuid="6AD96674FFDCFFB6FF01FB91FBDFFBEB">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
); females slightly larger than males (
|
||
<tableCitation id="73240347FFDCFFB6FD60FD5EFCFDFD16" box="[758,849,712,738]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,351,375]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,408,817]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Size and proportions of adult Ranitomeya tolimense, New species sensu Myers & Daly (1980)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6AD96674FFDBFFB1FF01FEC9FAAFFE83" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" tableUuid="6AD96674FFDBFFB1FF01FEC9FAAFFE83">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Head narrower than body; greatest HW 73 % of GBW in males, and 79 % in females. Greatest HW averaging about 30 % of SVL (
|
||
<tableCitation id="73240347FFDCFFB6FB0AFD66FB57FCFE" box="[1180,1275,752,778]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,351,375]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,408,817]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Size and proportions of adult Ranitomeya tolimense, New species sensu Myers & Daly (1980)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6AD96674FFDBFFB1FF01FEC9FAAFFE83" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" tableUuid="6AD96674FFDBFFB1FF01FEC9FAAFFE83">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Males with defined vocal slits, but with little or not external indication of the subgular vocal sac. Snout weakly pointed to truncate in dorsal and ventral aspects. Nares situated near tip of snout and visible from front and from below but not from above. Canthus rostralis rounded, loreal region flat, inclined slightly outward to lip. Eye longer than snout length; distance from center of naris to eye 65 % of EL in males and 64 % in females (
|
||
<tableCitation id="73240347FFDCFFB6FAA7FC06FA21FC5E" box="[1329,1421,912,938]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,351,375]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,408,817]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Size and proportions of adult Ranitomeya tolimense, New species sensu Myers & Daly (1980)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6AD96674FFDBFFB1FF01FEC9FAAFFE83" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" tableUuid="6AD96674FFDBFFB1FF01FEC9FAAFFE83">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Tympanum vertically oval, smaller than eye.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6AD96674FFDCFFB6FF01FB91FBDFFBEB" ID-Table-UUID="6AD96674FFDCFFB6FF01FB91FBDFFBEB" box="[151,1139,1031,1055]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6AD96674FFDCFFB6FF01FB91FBDFFBEB" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[159,1400,1088,1956]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDCFFB6FF01FB91FBDFFBEB" blockId="2.[151,1139,1031,1055]" box="[151,1139,1031,1055]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDCFFB6FF01FB91FEA4FBEB" bold="true" box="[151,264,1031,1055]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (in mm) for the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDCFFB6FD64FB9EFBBBFBEB" authority="New" authorityName="New" box="[754,1047,1032,1055]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolimense">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDCFFB6FD64FB9EFC72FBEB" box="[754,990,1032,1055]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Ranitomeya tolimense</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="17E15795FFDCFFB6FC7DFB9EFBBBFBEB" box="[1003,1047,1032,1055]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="species">new</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDCFFB6FEA2FBD6FAB5F850" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<table id="4CA6C45CFFDC004BFF09FBD6FAD4F850" box="[159,1400,1088,1956]" gridcols="7" gridrows="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDC004BFF09FBD6FAD4FB8D" box="[159,1400,1088,1145]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFEA5FBD6FE6CFB8D" box="[307,448,1088,1145]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">ICN 53373 Adult female</th>
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFE67FBD6FD2CFB8D" box="[497,640,1088,1145]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">CZUT-A 988 Adult female</th>
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFD26FBD6FC91FB8D" box="[688,829,1088,1145]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">CZUT-A 989 Adult female</th>
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFCF8FBD6FC49FB8D" box="[878,997,1088,1145]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">ICN 53372 Adult male</th>
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFBBAFBD6FB16FB8D" box="[1068,1210,1088,1145]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">CZUT-A 990 Adult male</th>
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFB7CFBD6FAD4FB8D" box="[1258,1400,1088,1145]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">CZUT-A 991 Adult male</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDC004BFF09FB1BFAD4FB50" box="[159,1400,1165,1188]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFF09FB1BFF40FB50" box="[159,236,1165,1188]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFEA5FB1BFE6CFB50" box="[307,448,1165,1188]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">18.91</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFE67FB1BFD2CFB50" box="[497,640,1165,1188]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">17.82</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFD26FB1BFC91FB50" box="[688,829,1165,1188]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">18.11</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFCF8FB1BFC49FB50" box="[878,997,1165,1188]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">17.66</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFBBAFB1BFB16FB50" box="[1068,1210,1165,1188]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">17.95</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFB7CFB1BFAD4FB50" box="[1258,1400,1165,1188]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">18.02</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDC004BFF09FB2EFAD4FB0D" box="[159,1400,1208,1273]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFF09FB2EFF40FB0D" box="[159,236,1208,1273]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">TL GBW</th>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFEA5FB2EFE6CFB0D" box="[307,448,1208,1273]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">7.94 8.16</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFE67FB2EFD2CFB0D" box="[497,640,1208,1273]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">7.14 6.93</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFD26FB2EFC91FB0D" box="[688,829,1208,1273]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">7.53 7.08</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFCF8FB2EFC49FB0D" box="[878,997,1208,1273]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">7.98 8.13</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFBBAFB2EFB16FB0D" box="[1068,1210,1208,1273]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">7.22 7.35</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFB7CFB2EFAD4FB0D" box="[1258,1400,1208,1273]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">7.73 6.52</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDC004BFF09FA9BFAD4FAD0" box="[159,1400,1293,1316]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFF09FA9BFF40FAD0" box="[159,236,1293,1316]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">HW</th>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFEA5FA9BFE6CFAD0" box="[307,448,1293,1316]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">5.86</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFE67FA9BFD2CFAD0" box="[497,640,1293,1316]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">5.42</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFD26FA9BFC91FAD0" box="[688,829,1293,1316]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">5.64</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFCF8FA9BFC49FAD0" box="[878,997,1293,1316]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">5.97</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFBBAFA9BFB16FAD0" box="[1068,1210,1293,1316]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">5.81</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFB7CFA9BFAD4FAD0" box="[1258,1400,1293,1316]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">5.35</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDC004BFF09FAAEFAD4FA8D" box="[159,1400,1336,1401]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFF09FAAEFF40FA8D" box="[159,236,1336,1401]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">IOD HL</th>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFEA5FAAEFE6CFA8D" box="[307,448,1336,1401]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">2.27 5.65</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFE67FAAEFD2CFA8D" box="[497,640,1336,1401]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">2.25 4.97</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFD26FAAEFC91FA8D" box="[688,829,1336,1401]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">2.36 5.14</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFCF8FAAEFC49FA8D" box="[878,997,1336,1401]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">2.35 5.04</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFBBAFAAEFB16FA8D" box="[1068,1210,1336,1401]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">2.16 5.08</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFB7CFAAEFAD4FA8D" box="[1258,1400,1336,1401]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">2.19 5.46</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDC004BFF09FA1BFAD4FA50" box="[159,1400,1421,1444]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFF09FA1BFF40FA50" box="[159,236,1421,1444]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">TSCN</th>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFEA5FA1BFE6CFA50" box="[307,448,1421,1444]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">1.74</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFE67FA1BFD2CFA50" box="[497,640,1421,1444]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">1.31</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFD26FA1BFC91FA50" box="[688,829,1421,1444]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">1.57</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFCF8FA1BFC49FA50" box="[878,997,1421,1444]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">1.55</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFBBAFA1BFB16FA50" box="[1068,1210,1421,1444]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">1.38</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFB7CFA1BFAD4FA50" box="[1258,1400,1421,1444]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">1.89</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDC004BFF09FA2EFAD4FA0D" box="[159,1400,1464,1529]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFF09FA2EFF40FA0D" box="[159,236,1464,1529]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">NED IND</th>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFEA5FA2EFE6CFA0D" box="[307,448,1464,1529]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">1.52 2.40</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFE67FA2EFD2CFA0D" box="[497,640,1464,1529]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">1.44 2.22</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFD26FA2EFC91FA0D" box="[688,829,1464,1529]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">1.35 2.34</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFCF8FA2EFC49FA0D" box="[878,997,1464,1529]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">1.36 2.52</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFBBAFA2EFB16FA0D" box="[1068,1210,1464,1529]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">1.65 2.33</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFB7CFA2EFAD4FA0D" box="[1258,1400,1464,1529]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">1.38 2.19</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDC004BFF09F99BFAD4F9D0" box="[159,1400,1549,1572]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFF09F99BFF40F9D0" box="[159,236,1549,1572]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">EL</th>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFEA5F99BFE6CF9D0" box="[307,448,1549,1572]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">2.23</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFE67F99BFD2CF9D0" box="[497,640,1549,1572]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">2.19</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFD26F99BFC91F9D0" box="[688,829,1549,1572]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">2.24</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFCF8F99BFC49F9D0" box="[878,997,1549,1572]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">2.32</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFBBAF99BFB16F9D0" box="[1068,1210,1549,1572]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">2.20</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFB7CF99BFAD4F9D0" box="[1258,1400,1549,1572]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">2.20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDC004BFF09F9AEFAD4F98D" box="[159,1400,1592,1657]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFF09F9AEFF40F98D" box="[159,236,1592,1657]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">HDT MTD</th>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFEA5F9AEFE6CF98D" box="[307,448,1592,1657]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">1.44 0.85</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFE67F9AEFD2CF98D" box="[497,640,1592,1657]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">1.13 0.64</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFD26F9AEFC91F98D" box="[688,829,1592,1657]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">1.27 0.87</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFCF8F9AEFC49F98D" box="[878,997,1592,1657]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">1.18 1.02</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFBBAF9AEFB16F98D" box="[1068,1210,1592,1657]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">1.10 0.91</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFB7CF9AEFAD4F98D" box="[1258,1400,1592,1657]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">1.33 0.94</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDC004BFF09F91BFAD4F950" box="[159,1400,1677,1700]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFF09F91BFF40F950" box="[159,236,1677,1700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">HaL</th>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFEA5F91BFE6CF950" box="[307,448,1677,1700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">4.57</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFE67F91BFD2CF950" box="[497,640,1677,1700]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">4.30</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFD26F91BFC91F950" box="[688,829,1677,1700]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">4.22</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFCF8F91BFC49F950" box="[878,997,1677,1700]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">4.65</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFBBAF91BFB16F950" box="[1068,1210,1677,1700]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">4.52</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFB7CF91BFAD4F950" box="[1258,1400,1677,1700]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">4.10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDC004BFF09F92EFAD4F90D" box="[159,1400,1720,1785]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFF09F92EFF40F90D" box="[159,236,1720,1785]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">WTFD WTF</th>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFEA5F92EFE6CF90D" box="[307,448,1720,1785]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.73 0.48</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFE67F92EFD2CF90D" box="[497,640,1720,1785]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.64 0.40</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFD26F92EFC91F90D" box="[688,829,1720,1785]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.65 0.39</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFCF8F92EFC49F90D" box="[878,997,1720,1785]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.80 0.40</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFBBAF92EFB16F90D" box="[1068,1210,1720,1785]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.75 0.46</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFB7CF92EFAD4F90D" box="[1258,1400,1720,1785]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.78 0.40</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDC004BFF09F89BFAD4F8D0" box="[159,1400,1805,1828]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFF09F89BFF40F8D0" box="[159,236,1805,1828]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">WTTD</th>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFEA5F89BFE6CF8D0" box="[307,448,1805,1828]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.60</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFE67F89BFD2CF8D0" box="[497,640,1805,1828]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.58</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFD26F89BFC91F8D0" box="[688,829,1805,1828]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.56</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFCF8F89BFC49F8D0" box="[878,997,1805,1828]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.64</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFBBAF89BFB16F8D0" box="[1068,1210,1805,1828]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.60</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFB7CF89BFAD4F8D0" box="[1258,1400,1805,1828]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.71</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDC004BFF09F8AEFAD4F88D" box="[159,1400,1848,1913]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFF09F8AEFF40F88D" box="[159,236,1848,1913]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">WTT WFTD</th>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFEA5F8AEFE6CF88D" box="[307,448,1848,1913]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.55 0.64</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFE67F8AEFD2CF88D" box="[497,640,1848,1913]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.50 0.48</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFD26F8AEFC91F88D" box="[688,829,1848,1913]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.44 0.46</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFCF8F8AEFC49F88D" box="[878,997,1848,1913]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.61 0.50</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFBBAF8AEFB16F88D" box="[1068,1210,1848,1913]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.54 0.44</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFB7CF8AEFAD4F88D" box="[1258,1400,1848,1913]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.54 0.38</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDC004BFF09F81BFAD4F850" box="[159,1400,1933,1956]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFF09F81BFF40F850" box="[159,236,1933,1956]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">WFT</th>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFEA5F81BFE6CF850" box="[307,448,1933,1956]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.48</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFE67F81BFD2CF850" box="[497,640,1933,1956]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.42</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFD26F81BFC91F850" box="[688,829,1933,1956]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.36</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFCF8F81BFC49F850" box="[878,997,1933,1956]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.45</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFBBAF81BFB16F850" box="[1068,1210,1933,1956]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.40</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDC004BFB7CF81BFAD4F850" box="[1258,1400,1933,1956]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">0.32</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6AD96674FFDDFFB7FF01FBFDFD88FB51" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179598/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[256,1395,181,1034]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDDFFB7FF01FBFDFD88FB51" blockId="3.[151,1435,1131,1189]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDDFFB7FF01FBFDFEB7FB77" bold="true" box="[151,283,1131,1155]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDDFFB7FEB5FBFAFDE0FB77" authority="New" authorityName="New" box="[291,588,1132,1155]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolimense">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDDFFB7FEB5FBFAFDBDFB77" box="[291,529,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Ranitomeya tolimense</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="17E15795FFDDFFB7FDB6FBFAFDE0FB77" box="[544,588,1132,1155]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="species">new</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Lateral view showing color pattern. CZUT-A 989 adult female, SVL 17.94 mm. Photo: Manuel H. Bernal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDDFFB7FF53FB4FFE52FA17" blockId="3.[151,1437,1241,1987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Hand (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A69D2A79FFDDFFB7FE82FB4FFEF6FB07" box="[276,346,1241,1267]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,995,1019]" captionTargetBox="[237,1354,192,950]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1435,176,990]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral view of hand and foot of Ranitomeya tolimense (CZUT-A 989). Scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179601/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A) moderately large, its length (proximal edge of metacarpal tubercle to tip of longest finger) about 23.5–26.7 % of SVL. Relative length of adpressed fingers III> IV> II> I; adpressed finger I shorter than finger II and its tip just reaching disc of second. Discs slightly expanded on finger I, but notably expanded on fingers II, III and IV; third finger disc in females and males averaging 1.59–1.86 times wider than distal end of adjacent phalanx. A large circular outer metacarpal tubercle on median base of palm, an smaller inner metacarpal tubercle on base of finger I, and one tubercle on base of fingers I and II, and two tubercles on fingers III and IV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDDFFB7FF53FA67FECCF95F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1241,1987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="46B1766CFFDDFFB7FF53FA67FEACF9FF" box="[197,256,1521,1547]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
limbs relatively long; tibia 40–45 % of SVL. Relative lengths of adpressed toes IV> III>V>II> I; toe I short (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A69D2A79FFDDFFB7FEB7F98FFEC5F9C7" box="[289,361,1561,1587]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,995,1019]" captionTargetBox="[237,1354,192,950]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1435,176,990]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral view of hand and foot of Ranitomeya tolimense (CZUT-A 989). Scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179601/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B), reaching bottom of subarticular tubercle of toe II, and with unexpanded disc. Other toe discs slightly expanded. One to three nonprotuberant subarticular tubercles, one on toes I, II, two on toes III and V, and three on toe IV. Small outer and moderately-sized inner metatarsal tubercles. Feet lacking webbing or lateral fringes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDDFFB7FF53F92EFAD2F8BF" blockId="3.[151,1437,1241,1987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDDFFB7FF53F92EFEFAF926" bold="true" box="[197,342,1720,1746]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Coloration:</emphasis>
|
||
In life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A69D2A79FFDDFFB7FE28F92FFDA9F927" box="[446,517,1721,1747]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1131,1155]" captionTargetBox="[256,1395,181,1034]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[178,1409,146,1114]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ranitomeya tolimense, new species. Lateral view showing color pattern. CZUT-A 989 adult female, SVL 17.94 mm. Photo: Manuel H. Bernal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179598/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), head yellow-bronze, upper jaw and anteroproximal part of the upper arm bright yellow; venter, throat, chest, sides of the body, hind limbs and hands brown or black brown. A dark stripe extends from the eyes to the arm insertion. Throat and venter with or without small bluish green blotches; flanks, groin and thighs (anterior and ventral) with or without a few bluish spots. Iris dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDDFFB7FF53F8CFFB2CF837" blockId="3.[151,1437,1241,1987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">In 70 % alcohol the dark or dark brown surfaces of the body maintain their color, as well as the bluish green of blotches or spots of ventral surfaces. However, the bronze color of head become dark whereas the yellow color of the upper arm and jaw change to a pale white and later to a dark gray.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6AD96674FFDAFFB0FF01FAEFFAE3FA64" box="[151,1359,1401,1425]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179599/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[185,1393,200,1365]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDAFFB0FF01FAEFFAE3FA64" blockId="4.[151,1359,1401,1425]" box="[151,1359,1401,1425]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDAFFB0FF01FAEFFEB5FA65" bold="true" box="[151,281,1401,1425]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Male nurse frog (CZUT-A 990) with a tadpole over his back at the type locality. Photo: Victor Luna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDAFFB0FF50FA55FF46F9A2" blockId="4.[151,1437,1475,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDAFFB0FF50FA55FE67FA29" bold="true" box="[198,459,1475,1501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Sexual dimorphism:</emphasis>
|
||
The most remarkable external characteristics to differentiate adult males and females are the presence of vocal slits. Also, a wider disc on finger III and a smaller SVL was found in males (
|
||
<tableCitation id="73240347FFDAFFB0FF08F982FF57F9DA" box="[158,251,1556,1582]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,351,375]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,408,817]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Size and proportions of adult Ranitomeya tolimense, New species sensu Myers & Daly (1980)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6AD96674FFDBFFB1FF01FEC9FAAFFE83" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" tableUuid="6AD96674FFDBFFB1FF01FEC9FAAFFE83">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
); however, there are a few data to be confident with this sexual difference. Testes and eggs are dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="76BC6577FFDAFFB3FF53F9F5FB89FE3E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDAFFB0FF53F9F5FB9FF8B2" blockId="4.[151,1437,1475,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDAFFB0FF53F9F5FDC8F989" bold="true" box="[197,612,1635,1661]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Distribution and natural history:</emphasis>
|
||
So far,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDAFFB0FD54F9F2FCFFF989" box="[706,851,1636,1661]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolimense">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDAFFB0FD54F9F2FCFFF989" box="[706,851,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">R. tolimense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E11D885EFFDAFFB0FBEFF9F2FB07F98A" box="[1145,1195,1636,1662]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality on the eastern flank of the Cordillera Central, Municipio de Falan, Departamento de Tolima,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="46B1766CFFDAFFB0FBCDF91AFB7EF952" box="[1115,1234,1676,1702]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Specimens were collected at an elevation of about
|
||
<quantity id="F95E9B19FFDAFFB0FDB2F922FDD1F93A" box="[548,637,1716,1742]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8519999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="1852.0">1852 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level. They were found during day and the onset of night time in
|
||
<date id="4A18103CFFDAFFB0FF64F94AFEC7F902" box="[242,363,1756,1782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="2007-05">May 2007</date>
|
||
on the forest floor. On
|
||
<date id="4A18103CFFDAFFB0FD14F94AFC88F902" box="[642,804,1756,1782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="2007-05-19">19 May 2007</date>
|
||
, at 18:00 h (relative humidity: 75 %, air temperature: 20.4 ºC), we found a male nurse frog carrying a tadpole on his back on the ground near bromeliads and heliconias. When captured the frog expelled a milky secretion over his body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A69D2A79FFDAFFB0FC4AF8BAFB88F8B2" box="[988,1060,1836,1862]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[185,1393,200,1365]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[180,1408,194,1377]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male nurse frog (CZUT-A 990) with a tadpole over his back at the type locality. Photo: Victor Luna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179599/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDAFFB1FF53F8C2FACFFF2E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1475,2022]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,152,298]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="E11D885EFFDAFFB0FF6DF8C2FE82F89A" box="[251,302,1876,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDAFFB0FE2FF8C2FDE7F899" box="[441,587,1876,1901]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolimense">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDAFFB0FE2FF8C2FDE7F899" box="[441,587,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">R. tolimense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a small patch of a secondary forest dominated by trees with a maximum height of
|
||
<quantity id="F95E9B19FFDAFFB0FEDCF8EAFE02F862" box="[330,430,1916,1942]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4 to 6 m</quantity>
|
||
, covered by epiphytic plant, mainly of the families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDAFFB0FB91F8EAFBC6F862" box="[1031,1130,1916,1942]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDAFFB0FBE0F8EAFABBF862" box="[1142,1303,1916,1942]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDAFFB0FAD9F8EAFF47F84A" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Orchidaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The canopy is dense allowing for little penetration of light. Humidity in the area is maintained by the constant cloud cover and frequent rainfall. The forest floor is covered by leaf litter, fallen tree branches and trunks, house to fungi, mosses and lichens. There are also smaller trees, palms and tree ferns. The mean temperature is about 19 ºC and the annual precipitation is between
|
||
<quantity id="F95E9B19FFDBFFB1FCEDFF56FB98FF2E" box="[891,1076,192,218]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="2750.0" valueMax="3000.0" valueMin="2500.0">2500–3000 mm</quantity>
|
||
per year (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A374B0DFFDBFFB1FB3CFF56FAFBFF2E" author="Gallego" box="[1194,1367,192,218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Gallego, O. (2003) Distribucion ecologica de la herpetofauna del Municipio de Falan, Tolima. Popayan-Cauca 2003. Trabajo de Grado (Ecologo). Fundacion Universitaria de Popayan." type="book chapter" year="2003">Gallego, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDBFFB1FF53FF7EFAC1FEDE" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,298]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
The general area is dominated by farms with coffee plantations, most likely not suitable habitat for
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDBFFB1FADDFF7EFF44FEDD" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDBFFB1FADDFF7EFF48FEDD" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolimense">R. tolimense</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
We recommend further studies to assess the distribution of this species and its conservation status.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6AD96674FFDBFFB1FF01FEC9FAAFFE83" ID-Table-UUID="6AD96674FFDBFFB1FF01FEC9FAAFFE83" box="[151,1283,351,375]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6AD96674FFDBFFB1FF01FEC9FAAFFE83" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[159,1380,408,817]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDBFFB1FF01FEC9FAAFFE83" blockId="5.[151,1283,351,375]" box="[151,1283,351,375]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDBFFB1FF01FEC9FEA4FE83" bold="true" box="[151,264,351,375]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Size and proportions of adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDBFFB1FDDAFEF6FCD4FE83" authority="New" authorityName="New" box="[588,888,352,375]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolimense">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDBFFB1FDDAFEF6FC94FE83" box="[588,824,352,375]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Ranitomeya tolimense</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="17E15795FFDBFFB1FCD0FEF6FCD4FE83" box="[838,888,352,375]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="species">New</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDBFFB1FC45FEF6FBA3FE83" box="[979,1039,352,375]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Myers & Daly (1980).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDBFFB1FF09FE0EFAE5FCC5" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<table id="4CA6C45CFFDB004BFF09FE0EFAC8FCC5" box="[159,1380,408,817]" gridcols="6" gridrows="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDB004BFF09FE0EFAC8FE5B" box="[159,1380,408,431]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFF09FE0EFE97FE5B" box="[159,315,408,431]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Measurements</th>
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFE15FE0EFE46FE5B" box="[387,490,408,431]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">N</th>
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFDCCFE0EFCAEFE5B" box="[602,770,408,431]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Mean (+/- S.E.)</th>
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFCDAFE0EFC17FE5B" box="[844,955,408,431]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Stand dev.</th>
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFB83FE0EFBDFFE5B" box="[1045,1139,408,431]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">C.V. (%)</th>
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFB48FE0EFAC8FE5B" box="[1246,1380,408,431]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Range</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDB004BFF09FE54FAC8FE08" box="[159,1380,450,508]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFF09FE54FE97FE08" box="[159,315,450,508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFE15FE54FE46FE08" box="[387,490,450,508]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">3 males 3 females</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFDCCFE54FCAEFE08" box="[602,770,450,508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">17.87 (0.11) 18.28 (0.22)</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFCDAFE54FC17FE08" box="[844,955,450,508]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.190 0.564</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFB83FE54FBDFFE08" box="[1045,1139,450,508]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">1.06 3.06</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFB48FE54FAC8FE08" box="[1246,1380,450,508]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">17.66–18.02 17.82–18.91</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDB004BFF09FD86FAC8FDBD" box="[159,1380,528,585]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFF09FD86FE97FDBD" box="[159,315,528,585]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">TL/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFE15FD86FE46FDBD" box="[387,490,528,585]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">3 males 3 females</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFDCCFD86FCAEFDBD" box="[602,770,528,585]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.42 (0.02) 0.41 (0.01)</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFCDAFD86FC17FDBD" box="[844,955,528,585]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.010 0.005</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFB83FD86FBDFFDBD" box="[1045,1139,528,585]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">4.76 2.42</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFB48FD86FAC8FDBD" box="[1246,1380,528,585]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.45–0.40 0.40–0.41</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDB004BFF09FDCBFAC8FD63" box="[159,1380,605,663]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFF09FDCBFE97FD63" box="[159,315,605,663]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">HL/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFE15FDCBFE46FD63" box="[387,490,605,663]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">3 males 3 females</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFDCCFDCBFCAEFD63" box="[602,770,605,663]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.30 (0.00) 0.30 (0.01)</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFCDAFDCBFC17FD63" box="[844,955,605,663]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.011 0.002</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFB83FDCBFBDFFD63" box="[1045,1139,605,663]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">3.66 0.66</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFB48FDCBFAC8FD63" box="[1246,1380,605,663]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.28–0.32 0.30–0.31</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDB004BFF09FD3CFAC8FD10" box="[159,1380,682,740]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFF09FD3CFE97FD10" box="[159,315,682,740]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">NED/EL</th>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFE15FD3CFE46FD10" box="[387,490,682,740]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">3 males 3 females</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFDCCFD3CFCAEFD10" box="[602,770,682,740]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.65 (0.04) 0.64 (0.02)</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFCDAFD3CFC17FD10" box="[844,955,682,740]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.0.8 0.04</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFB83FD3CFBDFFD10" box="[1045,1139,682,740]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">12.30 6.25</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFB48FD3CFAC8FD10" box="[1246,1380,682,740]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.58–0.75 0.60–0.68</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="809634BEFFDB004BFF09FD6EFAC8FCC5" box="[159,1380,760,817]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFF09FD6EFE97FCC5" box="[159,315,760,817]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">WTFD/WTF</th>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFE15FD6EFE46FCC5" box="[387,490,760,817]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">3 males 3 females</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFDCCFD6EFCAEFCC5" box="[602,770,760,817]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">1.86 (0.11) 1.59 (0.04)</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFCDAFD6EFC17FCC5" box="[844,955,760,817]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.20 0.07</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFB83FD6EFBDFFCC5" box="[1045,1139,760,817]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">10.75 4.40</td>
|
||
<td id="C3475DC2FFDB004BFB48FD6EFAC8FCC5" box="[1246,1380,760,817]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">1.63–2.00 1.52–1.66</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6AD96674FFDBFFB1FF01F835FBF2F84F" box="[151,1118,1955,1979]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179600/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[292,1307,926,1900]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFDBFFB1FF01F835FBF2F84F" blockId="5.[151,1118,1955,1979]" box="[151,1118,1955,1979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFDBFFB1FF01F835FEB5F84F" bold="true" box="[151,281,1955,1979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Map of Colombia showing (arrow) the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFDBFFB1FCFDF832FBF7F84F" box="[875,1115,1956,1979]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolimense">Ranitomeya tolimense</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="6AD96674FFD8FFB2FF01FC75FB19FC0F" box="[151,1205,995,1019]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179601/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[237,1354,192,950]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFD8FFB2FF01FC75FB19FC0F" blockId="6.[151,1205,995,1019]" box="[151,1205,995,1019]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD8FFB2FF01FC75FEB5FC0F" bold="true" box="[151,281,995,1019]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of hand and foot of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD8FFB2FD17FC72FCC0FC0F" box="[641,876,996,1019]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolimense">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD8FFB2FD17FC72FCC0FC0F" box="[641,876,996,1019]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Ranitomeya tolimense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CZUT-A 989). Scale = 1mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFD8FFB2FF53FBDAFC1CFB7A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1100,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD8FFB2FF53FBDAFE9EFB92" bold="true" box="[197,306,1100,1126]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Tadpole:</emphasis>
|
||
The following description is based on a larva (CZUT-A: 991) obtained from the back of a nurse frog male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A69D2A79FFD8FFB2FE8EFBE2FEC7FB7A" box="[280,363,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[185,1393,200,1365]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[180,1408,194,1377]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male nurse frog (CZUT-A 990) with a tadpole over his back at the type locality. Photo: Victor Luna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179599/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A69D2A79FFD8FFB2FEE1FBE2FE24FB7A" box="[375,392,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[196,1346,659,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[196,1390,636,1586]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tadpole of Ranitomeya tolimense (CZUT-A 991). (A) Lateral view, stage 25 (Gosner, 1960). Scale equals 5 mm. (B) Mouth parts. Scale equals 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179602/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The larva is in stage 25 sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A374B0DFFD8FFB2FD69FBE2FC01FB7A" author="Gosner" box="[767,941,1140,1166]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refString="Gosner, K. L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica, 16, 183 - 190." type="journal article" year="1960">Gosner (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFD8FFB2FF53FB0AFC86FB2A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1100,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Measurements in millimeters are: head-body length 4.4; total length 13.1; tail length 8.7; greatest depth from upper edge dorsal fin to lower edge ventral fin 1.3.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFD8FFB2FF53FB7AFA3DFA8A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1100,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||
The tadpole has a globular shape when viewed from above, with maximum body width of 61 % of head body length. The head and body are depressed, width much greater than depth; eyes and nostrils are dorsal, directed dorsolaterally; the spiracle is sinistral and low and the anus dextral (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A69D2A79FFD8FFB2FBB6FAAAFBCAFAA2" box="[1056,1126,1340,1366]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[196,1346,659,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[196,1390,636,1586]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tadpole of Ranitomeya tolimense (CZUT-A 991). (A) Lateral view, stage 25 (Gosner, 1960). Scale equals 5 mm. (B) Mouth parts. Scale equals 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179602/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A). The tail is 64 % of the total length and its maximum tail height is only 9.9 % of total length. The tip of the tail is rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A69D2A79FFD8FFB2FAB3FAF2FAC7FA8A" box="[1317,1387,1380,1406]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[196,1346,659,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[196,1390,636,1586]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tadpole of Ranitomeya tolimense (CZUT-A 991). (A) Lateral view, stage 25 (Gosner, 1960). Scale equals 5 mm. (B) Mouth parts. Scale equals 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179602/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFD8FFB2FF53FA1AFC4CF8FA" blockId="6.[151,1436,1100,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||
The mouth is directed anteroventrally. There are two upper and three lower tooth rows, with the second upper row being broadly broken above the beak (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A69D2A79FFD8FFB2FD7FFA22FC9EFA3A" box="[745,818,1460,1486]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[196,1346,659,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[196,1390,636,1586]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tadpole of Ranitomeya tolimense (CZUT-A 991). (A) Lateral view, stage 25 (Gosner, 1960). Scale equals 5 mm. (B) Mouth parts. Scale equals 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179602/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The other rows are complete, although the third posterior one row is weakly pronounced, probably due to an ontogenetic difference with respect to other tadpoles found in the locality. The beak is massive, with serrate cutting edges. The oral disc is laterally indented and its posterior edge has a broad median gap (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A69D2A79FFD8FFB2FD5CF9BAFCBEF9B2" box="[714,786,1580,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[196,1346,659,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[196,1390,636,1586]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tadpole of Ranitomeya tolimense (CZUT-A 991). (A) Lateral view, stage 25 (Gosner, 1960). Scale equals 5 mm. (B) Mouth parts. Scale equals 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179602/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B). This gap is shared with other related species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD8FFB2FF7EF9C2FED8F999" box="[232,372,1620,1645]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD8FFB2FF7EF9C2FED8F999" box="[232,372,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Ranitomeya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as mentioned above and perhaps represents a synapomorphy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A374B0DFFD8FFB2FB10F9C2FA22F99A" author="Myers" box="[1158,1422,1620,1646]" pageId="6" pageNumber="68" refString="Myers, C. W. & Daly J. (1980) Taxonomy and ecology of Dendrobates bombetes, a new Andean poison frog with new skin toxins. American Museum Novitates, New York, 2694, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1980">Myers & Daly, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD8FFB2FE92F9EAFE38F961" box="[260,404,1660,1685]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bombetes">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD8FFB2FE92F9EAFE38F961" box="[260,404,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">R. bombetes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a somewhat broader median gap and larger and fewer labial papillae than
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD8FFB2FABFF9EAFEFFF949" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD8FFB2FABFF9EAFA34F961" box="[1321,1432,1660,1685]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abdita">R. abdita</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD8FFB2FF01F932FEFFF949" authority="Myers & Daly, 1980" authorityName="Myers & Daly" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,339,1700,1725]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opisthomelas">R. opisthomelas</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A374B0DFFD8FFB2FEF5F932FDF1F94A" author="Myers" box="[355,605,1700,1726]" pageId="6" pageNumber="68" refString="Myers, C. W. & Daly J. (1980) Taxonomy and ecology of Dendrobates bombetes, a new Andean poison frog with new skin toxins. American Museum Novitates, New York, 2694, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1980">Myers & Daly, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD8FFB2FDE5F932FAA2F94A" authority="Ruiz-Carranza & Ramirez-Pinilla, 1992" authorityName="Ruiz-Carranza & Ramirez-Pinilla" authorityYear="1992" box="[627,1294,1700,1726]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virolinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD8FFB2FDE5F932FCB0F949" box="[627,796,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">R. virolinensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A374B0DFFD8FFB2FCBAF932FAAAF94A" author="Ruiz-Carranza" box="[812,1286,1700,1726]" pageId="6" pageNumber="68" refString="Ruiz-Carranza, P & Ramirez-Pinilla M. P. (1992) Una nueva especie de Minyobates (Anura: Dendrobatidae) de Colombia, Lozania, 61, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1992">Ruiz-Carranza & Ramirez-Pinilla, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD8FFB2FADFF932FF4CF911" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolimense">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD8FFB2FADFF932FF4CF911" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">R. tolimense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD8FFB2FE05F95AFD89F911" box="[403,549,1740,1765]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolimense">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD8FFB2FE05F95AFD89F911" box="[403,549,1740,1765]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">R. tolimense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD8FFB2FD2BF95AFCCBF911" box="[701,871,1740,1765]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virolinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD8FFB2FD2BF95AFCCBF911" box="[701,871,1740,1765]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">R. virolinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
one to two rows of labial papillae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A69D2A79FFD8FFB2FA84F95AFAD4F912" box="[1298,1400,1740,1766]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[196,1346,659,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[196,1390,636,1586]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tadpole of Ranitomeya tolimense (CZUT-A 991). (A) Lateral view, stage 25 (Gosner, 1960). Scale equals 5 mm. (B) Mouth parts. Scale equals 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179602/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B), whereas the illustrations of the other species shown apparently just one.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFD8FFB2FF53F88AFDFAF872" blockId="6.[151,1436,1100,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Life coloration was brown to dark brown, lighter on ventral side, turning clear towards the tail tip. In 10 % formalin, the body and tail are pale brown, uniformly pigmented, including fins. The tail tip is somewhat transparent and the venter translucent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFD8FFB3FF50F802FE68FF2E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1100,2006]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,152,658]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD8FFB2FF50F802FEC6F85A" bold="true" box="[198,362,1940,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Vocalization:</emphasis>
|
||
The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD8FFB2FD32F802FC9AF859" box="[676,822,1940,1965]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolimense">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD8FFB2FD32F802FC9AF859" box="[676,822,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">R. tolimense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A69D2A79FFD8FFB2FCD3F802FC27F85A" box="[837,907,1940,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[271,1264,235,1281]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[244,1344,194,1316]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Advertisement call of Ranitomeya tolimense. A. Audiospectrogram of a call with three notes. B. Oscillogram of the three notes showing the pulses." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179603/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) is a series of short buzzes of 0.84–0.99 seconds (N = 6). The call is pulsed throughout its length with a dominant frequency of about 4.73–5.22 kHz. The call is heard as a short, soft cricket-like buzz and sounds similar to the syntopic
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD9FFB3FBD2FF0EFA30FF45" box="[1092,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD9FFB3FBD2FF0EFA34FF45" box="[1092,1432,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorisswansonae">Ranitomeya dorisswansonae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
although not as loud as it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFD9FFB3FF50FF7EFB89FE3E" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
The buzz call (sensu the defined of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A374B0DFFD9FFB3FDF8FF7EFCFCFEF6" author="Lotters" box="[622,848,232,258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Lotters, S., Reichle, S. & Jungfer, K. H. (2003) Advertisement calls of Neotropical poison frogs (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae) of the genera Colostethus, Dendrobate s, and Epipedobates, with notes on dendrobatid call classification. Journal of Natural History, 37, 1899 - 1911." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Lötters
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD9FFB3FD5FFF7EFCA7FEF5" box="[713,779,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as described herein for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD9FFB3FBE0FF7EFAABFEF5" box="[1142,1287,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolimense">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD9FFB3FBE0FF7EFAABFEF5" box="[1142,1287,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">R. tolimense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to buzz calls described to species considered sharing larval characters with the new species, i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD9FFB3FB72FE86FAD8FEDD" box="[1252,1396,272,297]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bombetes">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD9FFB3FB72FE86FAD8FEDD" box="[1252,1396,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">R. bombetes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD9FFB3FA15FE86FDE8FEA6" authority="Myers & Daly, 1980" authorityName="Myers & Daly" authorityYear="1980" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opisthomelas">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD9FFB3FA15FE86FE9EFEA5" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">R. opisthomelas</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A374B0DFFD9FFB3FED4FEAEFD97FEA6" author="Myers" box="[322,571,312,338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Myers, C. W. & Daly J. (1980) Taxonomy and ecology of Dendrobates bombetes, a new Andean poison frog with new skin toxins. American Museum Novitates, New York, 2694, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1980">Myers & Daly, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD9FFB3FDC6FEAEFC4FFEA6" authority="Amezquita, 1995" authorityName="Amezquita" authorityYear="1995" box="[592,995,312,338]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virolinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD9FFB3FDC6FEAEFD54FEA5" box="[592,760,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">R. virolinensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A374B0DFFD9FFB3FC9CFEAEFC76FEA6" author="Amezquita" box="[778,986,312,338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Amezquita, A. (1995) Nachzucht von Minyobates virolinensis (Dendrobatidae) im Terrarium. Elaphe, Neue Folge, 3, 14 - 16." type="journal article" year="1995">Amézquita, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and likely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD9FFB3FBFBFEAEFF73FE8E" authority="Myers & Daly, 1980" authorityName="Myers & Daly" authorityYear="1980" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adbita">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD9FFB3FBFBFEAEFB76FEA5" box="[1133,1242,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">R. adbita</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A374B0DFFD9FFB3FB7CFEAEFF7AFE8E" author="Myers" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Myers, C. W. & Daly J. (1980) Taxonomy and ecology of Dendrobates bombetes, a new Andean poison frog with new skin toxins. American Museum Novitates, New York, 2694, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1980">Myers & Daly, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We will not rule out but can’t claim here that similarities in advertisement calls are due to close phylogenetic relationships. First, buzz calls have been reported in other dendrobatid frog species (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A374B0DFFD9FFB3FB69FE1EFF7AFE3E" author="Lotters" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Lotters, S., Reichle, S. & Jungfer, K. H. (2003) Advertisement calls of Neotropical poison frogs (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae) of the genera Colostethus, Dendrobate s, and Epipedobates, with notes on dendrobatid call classification. Journal of Natural History, 37, 1899 - 1911." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Lötters
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD9FFB3FACCFE1EFA21FE55" box="[1370,1421,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and second, anuran vocalizations are considered highly adaptive traits.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="76BC6577FFD9FFB3FF50FE41FB52FD66" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1936FCFFD9FFB3FF50FE41FB52FD66" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD9FFB3FF50FE41FEEEFE05" bold="true" box="[198,322,471,497]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
According to the possible larval synapomorphy suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A374B0DFFD9FFB3FBBAFE4EFA9CFE06" author="Myers" box="[1068,1328,472,498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Myers, C. W. & Daly J. (1980) Taxonomy and ecology of Dendrobates bombetes, a new Andean poison frog with new skin toxins. American Museum Novitates, New York, 2694, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1980">Myers & Daly (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and perhaps morphological and vocalization characters,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD9FFB3FD47FD96FCCDFDED" box="[721,865,512,537]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolimense">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD9FFB3FD47FD96FCCDFDED" box="[721,865,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">R. tolimense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is expected to be a member of an Andean monophyletic dendrobatid clade including
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD9FFB3FDC5FDBEFB9DFDB5" box="[595,1073,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD9FFB3FDC5FDBEFD68FDB5" box="[595,708,552,577]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abdita">R. abdita</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD9FFB3FD47FDBEFCC9FDB5" box="[721,869,552,577]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bombetes">R. bombetes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD9FFB3FCE2FDBEFB9DFDB5" box="[884,1073,552,577]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opisthomelas">R. opisthomelas</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD9FFB3FBF8FDBEFA8CFDB5" box="[1134,1312,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD9FFB3FBF8FDBEFAB7FDB5" box="[1134,1307,552,577]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virolinensis">R. virolinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD9FFB3FF4CFDC6FECAFD9D" box="[218,358,592,617]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD9FFB3FF4CFDC6FECAFD9D" box="[218,358,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Ranitomeya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack a median gap in the papillae fringe on the lower edge of the oral disc (e.g.
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD9FFB3FA95FDC6FE12FD65" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD9FFB3FA95FDC6FADBFD9D" box="[1283,1399,592,617]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuta">R. minuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD9FFB3FA15FDC6FEADFD65" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulgurita">R. fulgurita</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD9FFB3FE9AFDEEFE12FD65" box="[268,446,632,657]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altobuyensis">R. altobuyensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) or remain unknown (
|
||
<emphasis id="0CD2EAEEFFD9FFB3FD51FDEEFB41FD65" box="[711,1261,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD9FFB3FD51FDEEFC98FD65" box="[711,820,632,657]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">R. viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD9FFB3FCD7FDEEFBA8FD65" box="[833,1028,632,657]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daleswansoni">R. daleswansoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9A64D7FFFD9FFB3FB99FDEEFB41FD65" box="[1039,1261,632,657]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorisswansonae">R. dorisswansonae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |