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<mods:title id="22B89D71F662F315372FC0FA2946CA17">Synopsis of Sida (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FDC17CA55D8601F6D1793B791010EE99">Grings, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="4FFC65060B65165478DDF9A024FCF9D5" box="[136,934,1634,1661]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0759368D0B65165478DDF9A024FCF9D5" blockId="21.[136,1452,1634,2093]" box="[136,934,1634,1661]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">
20.
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B65165478E6F9A02520F9D4" ID-CoL="4X8G4" authority="Linnaeus (1753: 683 - 684)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="683 - 684" authorityYear="1753" box="[179,634,1634,1661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B65165478E6F9A0261CF9D5" bold="true" box="[179,326,1634,1661]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Sida spinosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="63774B7C0B651654791BF9A02520F9D4" author="Linnaeus, C. von" box="[334,634,1634,1661]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" pagination="561 - 1200" refId="ref19619" refString="Linnaeus, C. von (1753) Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, loci natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, pp. 561 - 1200. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59734" type="book chapter" year="1753">Linnaeus (1753: 683–684)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="9FDD2A080B6516547ADFF9A0245CF9D5" box="[650,774,1634,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[136,229,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[266,1345,252,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[204,1384,190,1932]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Distribution map of Sida spinosa and S. rhombifolia in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415509/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">
Figures
<geoCoordinate id="62D2504A0B6516547ABDF9A0245CF9D5" box="[744,774,1634,1660]" degrees="10, 11" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" precision="555" value="10.11">10</geoCoordinate>
</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9FDD2A080B6516547B46F9A0243EF9D5" box="[787,868,1634,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="22.[136,229,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,190,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[177,1411,190,1932]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. A–D. Sida rubifolia. A. Flower. B. Adaxial surface of leaf. C. Prostrate habit. D. Calyx and corolla. E–K. Sida spinosa. E. Flower. F. Abaxial surface of leaf. G. Adaxial surface of leaf. H. Habit. I. Mature schizocarp. J. Branch with tubercle at petiole base. K. Branch. L–Q. Sida tuberculata. L. Branch with leaves, mature and immature schizocarps. M. Adaxial surface of leaf. N. Abaxial surface of leaf. O. Mature schizocarps. P. Branch with flower. Q. Habit. Photographs by Martin Grings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415511/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">11E–K</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9FDD2A080B6516547B24F9A024C7F9D5" box="[881,925,1634,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="26.[136,229,1957,1979]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,245,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-54@26.[196,1391,245,1933]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 14. Mericarps. A. Sida anomala. B. Sida confusa. C. Sida farroupilhensis. D. Sida glaziovii. E. Sida cerradoensis. F. Sida cordifolia. G. Sida dubia. H. Sida linifolia. I. Sida lonchitis. J. Sida nemorensis. K. Sida paradoxa. L. Sida planicaulis. M. Sida potentilloides.N. Sida reitzii. O. Sida regnellii. P. Sida rhombifolia.Q. Sida riedelii. R. Sida rubifolia.S. Sida spinosa.T. Sida tuberculata. U. Sida urens. V. Sida viarum. Photographs by Martin Grings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415519/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">14S</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="0759368D0B6516547BFBF9A02664F908" blockId="21.[136,1452,1634,2093]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">
<materialsCitation id="B78E3CD00B6516547BFBF9A02664F908" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746876418" collectionCode="LINN" country="India" location="Habitat" longitude="10.11" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" specimenCode="LINN 866.1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="D85D882F0B6516547BFBF9A0234CF9D5" box="[942,1046,1634,1660]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:—“
<location id="023960560B6516547C13F9A023C0F9D5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F4F879B0B65165878DDF9A025F4FEE1:023960560B6516547C13F9A023C0F9D5" box="[1094,1178,1634,1660]" country="India" longitude="10.11" name="Habitat" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Habitat</location>
in
<collectingCountry id="7FF1761D0B6516547C95F9A023A6F9D5" box="[1216,1276,1634,1660]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">India</collectingCountry>
” (
<specimenCode id="57409EF60B6516547D43F9A022F2F9D5" box="[1302,1448,1634,1660]" collectionCode="LINN" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15182" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15182" name="Linnean Society of London" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="Herbarium">LINN 866.1</specimenCode>
! [digital image]).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="4FFC65060B65165478E8F96823EDF8D1" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0759368D0B65165478E8F96823EDF8D1" blockId="21.[136,1452,1634,2093]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B65165478E8F96826D7F96D" bold="true" box="[189,397,1706,1732]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Taxonomic notes:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B65165479FCF968256CF96D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[425,566,1706,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B65165479FCF968256CF96D" box="[425,566,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Sida spinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to section
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B6516547B52F9692348F96C" authority="(Fryxell 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Fryxell" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[775,1042,1706,1733]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Spinosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547B52F9692436F96C" box="[775,876,1707,1733]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Spinosae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="63774B7C0B6516547B2CF9682350F96C" author="Fryxell, P. A." box="[889,1034,1706,1733]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" pagination="62 - 91" refId="ref18743" refString="Fryxell, P. A. (1985) The North and Central American species of Sida. Sida, Contributions to Botany 11: 62 - 91." type="journal article" year="1985">Fryxell 1985</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="4A6403360B6516547C4AF968232BF96D" box="[1055,1137,1706,1732]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,224,340,364]" captionTargetBox="[144,1440,425,1289]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Sections of Sida with species occurring in Rio Grande do Sul state, and their diagnostic features, according to Fryxell (1985) and Krapovickas (2003)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/539966050B72164378DDFE962568FE39" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" tableUuid="539966050B72164378DDFE962568FE39">Table 1</tableCitation>
). One of its striking features is the presence of a small projection, tubercle, such as a spine, but not sharp, in the base of petioles. This feature can also be found in
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B651654791DF9302689F8A5" authorityName="K. Schumann" authorityYear="1891" box="[328,467,1778,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="riedelii">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B651654791DF9302689F8A5" box="[328,467,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Sida riedelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a very similar species, that is distinguished by the hyaline and crumbly dorsal face of its mericarps (
<bibRefCitation id="63774B7C0B651654797EF8D426BCF899" author="Schumann, K." box="[299,486,1814,1840]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" pagination="253 - 456" refId="ref20394" refString="Schumann, K. (1891) Malvaceae I. In: Martius, C. F. P. de, Eichler, A. G. &amp; Urban, I. (Eds.) Flora brasiliensis, Vol. 12, pars III. Frid. Fleischer, Lipsiae, pp. 253 - 456, pl. 51 - 80." type="book chapter" year="1891">Schumann 1891</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="63774B7C0B65165479A0F8D4259DF898" author="Krapovickas, A." box="[501,711,1814,1841]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" pagination="292 - 333" refId="ref19401" refString="Krapovickas, A. (2005) Malvaceae. In: Bacigalupo, N. M. (Ed.) Flora Ilustrada de Entre-Rios. 6 (4 b). Colecc. Ci. Inst. Nac. Tecnol. Agropecu, pp. 292 - 333." type="book chapter" year="2005">Krapovickas 2005</bibRefCitation>
), vs. mericarps with complete and reticulated dorsal face, which does not easily break (
<figureCitation id="9FDD2A080B65165479D5F8F82574F8FD" box="[384,558,1850,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="22.[136,229,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,190,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[177,1411,190,1932]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. A–D. Sida rubifolia. A. Flower. B. Adaxial surface of leaf. C. Prostrate habit. D. Calyx and corolla. E–K. Sida spinosa. E. Flower. F. Abaxial surface of leaf. G. Adaxial surface of leaf. H. Habit. I. Mature schizocarp. J. Branch with tubercle at petiole base. K. Branch. L–Q. Sida tuberculata. L. Branch with leaves, mature and immature schizocarps. M. Adaxial surface of leaf. N. Abaxial surface of leaf. O. Mature schizocarps. P. Branch with flower. Q. Habit. Photographs by Martin Grings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415511/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Figures 11E–K</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9FDD2A080B6516547A6CF8F8253DF8FD" box="[569,615,1850,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="26.[136,229,1957,1979]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,245,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-54@26.[196,1391,245,1933]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 14. Mericarps. A. Sida anomala. B. Sida confusa. C. Sida farroupilhensis. D. Sida glaziovii. E. Sida cerradoensis. F. Sida cordifolia. G. Sida dubia. H. Sida linifolia. I. Sida lonchitis. J. Sida nemorensis. K. Sida paradoxa. L. Sida planicaulis. M. Sida potentilloides.N. Sida reitzii. O. Sida regnellii. P. Sida rhombifolia.Q. Sida riedelii. R. Sida rubifolia.S. Sida spinosa.T. Sida tuberculata. U. Sida urens. V. Sida viarum. Photographs by Martin Grings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415519/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">14S</figureCitation>
). The species
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B6516547B51F8F824E6F8FD" authorityName="R. E. Fries" authorityYear="1908" box="[772,956,1850,1876]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547B51F8F824E6F8FD" box="[772,956,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Sida tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also present a tubercle at the base of the petioles, which are generally smaller. However,
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B6516547AF6F89C2406F8D1" authorityName="R. E. Fries" authorityYear="1908" box="[675,860,1886,1912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547AF6F89C2406F8D1" box="[675,860,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Sida tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has more than five mericarps.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FFC65060B65165478E8F84023A5F785" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0759368D0B65165478E8F84023A5F785" blockId="21.[136,1452,1634,2093]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B65165478E8F84025ADF835" bold="true" box="[189,759,1922,1948]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Distribution, habitat and conservation status:</emphasis>
—This species is pantropical, and also occurs in adjacent temperate zones (
<bibRefCitation id="63774B7C0B651654791BF86426BEF868" author="Fryxell, P. A." box="[334,484,1958,1985]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" pagination="62 - 91" refId="ref18743" refString="Fryxell, P. A. (1985) The North and Central American species of Sida. Sida, Contributions to Botany 11: 62 - 91." type="journal article" year="1985">Fryxell 1985</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="63774B7C0B65165479A5F86525B8F868" author="Fuertes Aguilar, J." box="[496,738,1958,1985]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" refId="ref18839" refString="Fuertes Aguilar, J. (1995) Sida L. (Malvaceae). In: Piedrahita, S. D., Telleria, M. T., Castroviejo, S., Mejia, W. J., Carranza, P. R., Contreras, G. L. (Eds.) Flora de Colombia, No. 17. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, 142 pp." type="book" year="1995">Fuertes Aguilar 1995</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="63774B7C0B6516547ABBF864248EF869" author="Brandao, J. L. &amp; Baracho, G. S. &amp; De Sales, M. F. &amp; Filho, M. P. V." box="[750,980,1958,1984]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" pagination="205 - 227" refId="ref18144" refString="Brandao, J. L., Baracho, G. S., De Sales, M. F. &amp; Filho, M. P. V. (2017) Synopsis of Sida (Malvaceae, Malvoideae, Malveae) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Phytotaxa 307 (3): 205 - 227. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 307.3.5" type="journal article" year="2017">
Brandão
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547B00F86524D5F869" box="[853,911,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="7FF1761D0B6516547C52F8642311F869" box="[1031,1099,1958,1984]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B6516547C06F865239DF869" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1107,1223,1959,1985]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547C06F865239DF869" box="[1107,1223,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">S. spinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in northeast, southeast, midwest and south (
<bibRefCitation id="63774B7C0B65165479B9F8082524F84D" author="Bovini, M. G." box="[492,638,1994,2020]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" refId="ref18092" refString="Bovini, M. G. (2020) Sida in Lista de Especies da Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http: // floradobrasil. jbrj. gov. br / jabot / floradobrasil / FB 9206 (accessed 7 July 2020)" type="url" year="2020">Bovini 2020</bibRefCitation>
) and in all regions of
<collectingRegion id="C522F86F0B6516547BD3F80823C4F84C" box="[902,1182,1994,2021]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Rio Grande do Sul state</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="9FDD2A080B6516547CE5F8082279F84D" box="[1200,1315,1994,2020]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[136,229,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[266,1345,252,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[204,1384,190,1932]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Distribution map of Sida spinosa and S. rhombifolia in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415509/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Figure 10</figureCitation>
), in ruderal environments and anthropized grasslands, except in Coastal grassland. The species is here considered Least Concern (LC) because it has large EOO and AOO, since it is a frequent and ruderal species, widely distributed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="539966050B66165778DDF866237BF78F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415511" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6415511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415511/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="127" startId="22.[136,229,1956,1978]" targetBox="[177,1411,190,1932]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="0759368D0B66165778DDF866237BF78F" blockId="22.[136,1452,1956,2086]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B66165778DDF8662618F810" bold="true" box="[136,322,1956,1978]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">FIGURE 11. A–D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B661657791DF8662697F810" authorityName="A. Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1825" box="[328,461,1956,1977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="22" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubifolia">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B661657791DF8662697F810" box="[328,461,1956,1977]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">Sida rubifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B661657798CF86626ABF810" bold="true" box="[473,497,1956,1977]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">A.</emphasis>
Flower.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6616577A13F8672506F813" bold="true" box="[582,604,1957,1978]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">B.</emphasis>
Adaxial surface of leaf.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6616577B1CF866243BF813" bold="true" box="[841,865,1956,1978]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">C.</emphasis>
Prostrate habit.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6616577BAAF867234CF813" bold="true" box="[1023,1046,1957,1978]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">D.</emphasis>
Calyx and corolla.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6616577C81F8672252F813" bold="true" box="[1236,1288,1957,1978]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">E–K.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B6616577D5AF86622D3F813" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1295,1417,1956,1978]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="22" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6616577D5AF86622D3F813" box="[1295,1417,1956,1978]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">Sida spinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6616577DC0F86722F6F813" bold="true" box="[1429,1452,1957,1978]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">E.</emphasis>
Flower.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6616577882F80B27B3F877" bold="true" box="[215,233,1993,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">F.</emphasis>
Abaxial surface of leaf.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6616577982F80A26AAF877" bold="true" box="[471,496,1992,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">G.</emphasis>
Adaxial surface of leaf.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6616577A8BF80B25ADF877" bold="true" box="[734,759,1993,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">H.</emphasis>
Habit.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6616577B6AF80B2414F877" bold="true" box="[831,846,1993,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">I.</emphasis>
Mature schizocarp.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6616577C46F80B237CF877" bold="true" box="[1043,1062,1993,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">J.</emphasis>
Branch with tubercle at petiole base.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6616577DC6F80B22F6F877" bold="true" box="[1427,1452,1993,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">K.</emphasis>
Branch.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B661657788CF82E2654F7AB" bold="true" box="[217,270,2028,2050]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">L–Q.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6616577941F82E26E0F7A8" box="[276,442,2028,2049]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B6616577941F82E26ECF7A8" authorityName="R. E. Fries" authorityYear="1908" box="[276,438,2028,2049]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="22" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberculata">Sida tuberculata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B66165779EAF82F268FF7AB" bold="true" box="[447,469,2029,2050]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">L.</emphasis>
Branch with leaves, mature and immature schizocarps.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6616577BBAF82F2351F7AB" bold="true" box="[1007,1035,2029,2050]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">M.</emphasis>
Adaxial surface of leaf.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6616577CADF82F224AF7AB" bold="true" box="[1272,1296,2029,2050]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">N.</emphasis>
Abaxial surface of leaf.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6616577887F7D227B1F78F" bold="true" box="[210,235,2064,2086]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">O.</emphasis>
Mature schizocarps.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B66165779EDF7D32690F78F" bold="true" box="[440,458,2065,2086]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">P.</emphasis>
Branch with flower.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6616577AC3F7D225F5F78F" bold="true" box="[662,687,2064,2086]" pageId="22" pageNumber="127">Q.</emphasis>
Habit. Photographs by Martin Grings.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="539966050B67165678DDF80B25C0F78E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415513" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6415513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415513/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="128" startId="23.[136,229,1993,2015]" targetBox="[164,1423,190,1968]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="0759368D0B67165678DDF80B25C0F78E" blockId="23.[136,1451,1993,2087]" pageId="23" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B67165678DDF80B261AF877" bold="true" box="[136,320,1993,2015]" pageId="23" pageNumber="128">FIGURE 12. A–E.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B6716567913F80B26F1F877" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1145" box="[326,427,1993,2014]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="23" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urens">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6716567913F80B26F1F877" box="[326,427,1993,2014]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="128">Sida urens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B67165679E2F80B2694F877" bold="true" box="[439,462,1993,2014]" pageId="23" pageNumber="128">A.</emphasis>
Flower.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6716567A77F80B2562F877" bold="true" box="[546,568,1993,2014]" pageId="23" pageNumber="128">B.</emphasis>
Adaxial surface of leaf.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6716567B77F80B2460F876" bold="true" box="[802,826,1993,2015]" pageId="23" pageNumber="128">C.</emphasis>
Branch with flowers and flowers buds.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6716567CE2F80B2395F877" bold="true" box="[1207,1231,1993,2014]" pageId="23" pageNumber="128">D.</emphasis>
Schizocarp.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6716567D1FF80B223BF877" bold="true" box="[1354,1377,1993,2014]" pageId="23" pageNumber="128">E.</emphasis>
Branch with mature schizocarps.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B67165679D1F82F26EAF7AB" bold="true" box="[388,432,2029,2050]" pageId="23" pageNumber="128">F–J.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B67165679ECF82F256AF7AB" box="[441,560,2029,2050]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="23" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viarum">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B67165679ECF82F256AF7AB" box="[441,560,2029,2050]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="128">Sida viarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6716567A6BF82F250AF7AB" bold="true" box="[574,592,2029,2050]" pageId="23" pageNumber="128">F.</emphasis>
Flower.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6716567AFCF82F2598F7AA" bold="true" box="[681,706,2029,2051]" pageId="23" pageNumber="128">G.</emphasis>
Adaxial surface of leaf.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6716567BECF82F2488F7AB" bold="true" box="[953,978,2029,2050]" pageId="23" pageNumber="128">H.</emphasis>
Abaxial surface of leaf.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6716567C9CF82F2382F7AB" bold="true" box="[1225,1240,2029,2050]" pageId="23" pageNumber="128">I.</emphasis>
Branch.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6716567D61F82F221CF7AB" bold="true" box="[1332,1350,2029,2050]" pageId="23" pageNumber="128">J.</emphasis>
Immature schizocarps and leaves. Photographs by Martin Grings.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="539966050B68165978DDF867234EF812" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415517" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6415517" box="[136,1044,1957,1979]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415517/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="129" startId="24.[136,229,1957,1979]" targetBox="[266,1345,253,1884]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="0759368D0B68165978DDF867234EF812" blockId="24.[136,1044,1957,1979]" box="[136,1044,1957,1979]" pageId="24" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B68165978DDF8672650F813" bold="true" box="[136,266,1957,1979]" pageId="24" pageNumber="129">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B6816597986F867256DF812" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1145" box="[467,567,1957,1979]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="24" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urens">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6816597986F867256DF812" box="[467,567,1957,1979]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="129">Sida urens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B6816597A33F8672598F812" box="[614,706,1957,1979]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="24" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viarum">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6816597A33F8672598F812" box="[614,706,1957,1979]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="129">S. viarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="4FFC65060B68165878E8F82B25F4FEE1" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="24" pageNumber="129" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0759368D0B68165878E8F82B25F4FEE1" blockId="24.[136,1452,2025,2088]" lastBlockId="25.[136,1452,158,329]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="24" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B68165978E8F82B26A7F7AA" bold="true" box="[189,509,2025,2051]" pageId="24" pageNumber="129">Representative specimens:</emphasis>
—
<materialsCitation id="B78E3CD00B6816597A4FF82822F2F7AA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746876355" box="[538,1448,2025,2052]" collectingDate="1954-02-19" collectionCode="J" country="Brazil" location="Rosario" municipality="Augusto Pestana" pageId="24" pageNumber="129" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">
<collectingCountry id="7FF1761D0B6816597A4FF82825D8F7AD" box="[538,642,2026,2052]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="129">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="C522F86F0B6816597AC5F82B242BF7AA" box="[656,881,2025,2051]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="24" pageNumber="129">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="E73DACF70B6816597B28F8282365F7AD" box="[893,1087,2026,2052]" pageId="24" pageNumber="129">Augusto Pestana</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="023960560B6816597C1BF82B23F2F7AA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F4F879B0B65165878DDF9A025F4FEE1:023960560B6816597C1BF82B23F2F7AA" box="[1102,1192,2025,2051]" country="Brazil" municipality="Augusto Pestana" name="Rosario" pageId="24" pageNumber="129" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">Rosário</location>
,
<date id="7358104D0B6816597CE2F82822D3F7AD" box="[1207,1417,2025,2052]" pageId="24" pageNumber="129" value="1954-02-19">
<collectingDate id="631CE9A50B6816597CE2F82822D3F7AD" box="[1207,1417,2025,2052]" pageId="24" pageNumber="129" value="1954-02-19">19 February 1954</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B6816597DCDF82822F2F7AA" box="[1432,1448,2026,2051]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="24" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6816597DCDF82822F2F7AA" box="[1432,1448,2026,2051]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="129">J</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6816597DFDF828265DF781" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="129">. Pivetta 879</emphasis>
(ICN, PACA);
<materialsCitation id="B78E3CD00B68165979E7F7CC22F1F78E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746876343" box="[434,1451,2061,2088]" latitude="-30.189583" location="Barra do Quarai" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-57.49625" municipality="Parque Estadual do Espinilho" pageId="24" pageNumber="129" specimenCount="1">
<location id="023960560B68165979E7F7CC253DF781" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F4F879B0B65165878DDF9A025F4FEE1:023960560B68165979E7F7CC253DF781" box="[434,615,2061,2088]" latitude="-30.189583" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-57.49625" municipality="Parque Estadual do Espinilho" name="Barra do Quarai" pageId="24" pageNumber="129">Barra do Quaraí</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="E73DACF70B6816597A25F7CC24E0F78E" box="[624,954,2061,2088]" pageId="24" pageNumber="129">Parque Estadual do Espinilho</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="62D2504A0B6816597B91F7CF233AF781" box="[964,1120,2061,2088]" degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="129" precision="1" seconds="22.5" value="-30.189583">30º11’22.5” S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="62D2504A0B6816597C30F7CF2257F781" box="[1125,1293,2061,2088]" degrees="57" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="129" precision="1" seconds="46.5" value="-57.49625">57º29’46.5” W</geoCoordinate>
, 16 December
</materialsCitation>
2019,
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B691658789AFF5D263BFF10" box="[207,353,159,185]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">
<materialsCitation id="B78E3CD00B691658789AFF5D2619FF10" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746876326" box="[207,323,159,185]" collectionCode="M" location="Grings" pageId="25" pageNumber="130" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B691658789AFF5D27B0FF11" box="[207,234,159,184]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="25" pageNumber="130" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
.
<location id="023960560B69165878A0FF5D2619FF10" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F4F879B0B65165878DDF9A025F4FEE1:023960560B69165878A0FF5D2619FF10" box="[245,323,159,185]" name="Grings" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">Grings</location>
</materialsCitation>
&amp;
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B78E3CD00B691658793CFF5D22DBFF11" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746876312" box="[361,1409,158,185]" collectingDate="2009-04-03" collectionCode="R, ICN" county="Projeto de Assentamento" location="Paniz" municipality="Boa Vista do Incra" pageId="25" pageNumber="130" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B691658793CFF5D26A1FF11" box="[361,507,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">
<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B691658793CFF5D2627FF11" box="[361,381,159,184]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">R</collectionCode>
.
<location id="023960560B69165879DCFF5D2693FF11" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F4F879B0B65165878DDF9A025F4FEE1:023960560B69165879DCFF5D2693FF11" box="[393,457,159,184]" county="Projeto de Assentamento" municipality="Boa Vista do Incra" name="Paniz" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">Paniz</location>
908
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B6916587A5EFF5C251BFF11" box="[523,577,158,184]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">ICN</collectionCode>
);
<collectingMunicipality id="E73DACF70B6916587A00FF5D2471FF10" box="[597,811,158,185]" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">Boa Vista do Incra</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="EE384E010B6916587B6DFF5C230AFF11" box="[824,1104,158,184]" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">Projeto de Assentamento</collectingCounty>
28 de abril,
<date id="7358104D0B6916587CB5FF5C22DBFF11" box="[1248,1409,158,184]" pageId="25" pageNumber="130" value="2009-04-03">
<collectingDate id="631CE9A50B6916587CB5FF5C22DBFF11" box="[1248,1409,158,184]" pageId="25" pageNumber="130" value="2009-04-03">03 April 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B78E3CD00B6916587DD8FF5D230EFF75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746876469" collectingDate="2018-11-23" collectionCode="M, ICN" county="Pedra do Segredo" location="Grings" municipality="Cacapava do Sul" pageId="25" pageNumber="130" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6916587DD8FF5D264EFF75" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">
<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B6916587DD8FF5D22F2FF11" box="[1421,1448,159,184]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="25" pageNumber="130" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
.
<location id="023960560B69165878DDFF01278CFF74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F4F879B0B65165878DDF9A025F4FEE1:023960560B69165878DDFF01278CFF74" box="[136,214,195,221]" county="Pedra do Segredo" municipality="Cacapava do Sul" name="Grings" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">Grings</location>
2060
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B6916587977FF002602FF75" box="[290,344,194,220]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">ICN</collectionCode>
);
<collectingMunicipality id="E73DACF70B691658793EFF002572FF75" box="[363,552,194,220]" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">Caçapava do Sul</collectingMunicipality>
, próximo a
<collectingCounty id="EE384E010B6916587AFFFF00242BFF75" box="[682,881,194,220]" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">Pedra do Segredo</collectingCounty>
,
<date id="7358104D0B6916587B2FFF00230EFF75" box="[890,1108,194,220]" pageId="25" pageNumber="130" value="2018-11-23">
<collectingDate id="631CE9A50B6916587B2FFF00230EFF75" box="[890,1108,194,220]" pageId="25" pageNumber="130" value="2018-11-23">23 November 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
,
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<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B6916587C0BFF012323FF75" box="[1118,1145,195,220]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="25" pageNumber="130" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
.
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&amp;
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B78E3CD00B6916587CA7FF012419FEA9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746876324" collectingDate="1982-12" collectionCode="J, ICN" county="Parque Estadual do Turvo" location="Schaefer" municipality="Derrubadas" pageId="25" pageNumber="130" specimenCount="1">
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<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B6916587CA7FF012258FF75" box="[1266,1282,195,220]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="25" pageNumber="130" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
.
<location id="023960560B6916587D5EFF002237FF75" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F4F879B0B65165878DDF9A025F4FEE1:023960560B6916587D5EFF002237FF75" box="[1291,1389,194,220]" county="Parque Estadual do Turvo" municipality="Derrubadas" name="Schaefer" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">Schaefer</location>
1971
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(
<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B69165878C5FF24279CFEA9" box="[144,198,230,256]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">ICN</collectionCode>
);
<collectingMunicipality id="E73DACF70B691658788DFF242606FEA9" box="[216,348,230,256]" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">Derrubadas</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="EE384E010B6916587933FF2525DCFEA8" box="[358,646,230,257]" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">Parque Estadual do Turvo</collectingCounty>
,
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<collectingDate id="631CE9A50B6916587AC5FF242419FEA9" box="[656,835,230,256]" pageId="25" pageNumber="130" value="1982-12">December 1982</collectingDate>
</date>
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,
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6916587B18FF252433FEA9" box="[845,873,231,256]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">D.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6916587B3DFF25236FFEA9" box="[872,1077,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">
<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B6916587B3DFF252426FEA9" box="[872,892,231,256]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="25" pageNumber="130" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
.
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302
</emphasis>
(
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);
<collectingMunicipality id="E73DACF70B6916587CF7FF24225FFEA9" box="[1186,1285,230,256]" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">Gravataí</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="EE384E010B6916587D5AFF2422FDFEA9" box="[1295,1447,230,256]" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">Cachoeirinha</collectingCounty>
,
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<collectingDate id="631CE9A50B69165878DDFEC8261FFE8D" box="[136,325,266,293]" pageId="25" pageNumber="130" value="1949-01-07">07 January 1949</collectingDate>
</date>
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,
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<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B6916587905FEC9263EFE8D" box="[336,356,267,292]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="25" pageNumber="130" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
.
<location id="023960560B6916587925FEC826E5FE8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F4F879B0B65165878DDF9A025F4FEE1:023960560B6916587925FEC826E5FE8D" box="[368,447,266,292]" municipality="Uruguaiana" name="Rambo" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">Rambo</location>
s.n
</emphasis>
. (
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);
<collectingMunicipality id="E73DACF70B6916587AFEFEC8246BFE8D" box="[683,817,266,292]" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">Uruguaiana</collectingMunicipality>
, BR-
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, WGS 84
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<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B6916587C34FEC8232BFE8D" box="[1121,1137,266,292]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="25" pageNumber="130" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
-29.86468º W -056.88529º,
<date id="7358104D0B69165878DDFEEC263AFEE1" box="[136,352,302,328]" pageId="25" pageNumber="130" value="2020-12-03">
<collectingDate id="631CE9A50B69165878DDFEEC263AFEE1" box="[136,352,302,328]" pageId="25" pageNumber="130" value="2020-12-03">03 December 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
,
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B691658793EFEED2506FEE1" box="[363,604,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="130">M. Grings et al. 2198</emphasis>
(ICN).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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