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<document id="E178FCC95A4FCFFF1B82A7C78D0C9DD0" ID-CLB-Dataset="53645" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.542.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8b5747ec-68d6-4c6a-a1a0-c0c1152b45cc" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6415487" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1649141163832" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grings, Martin &amp; Boldrini, Ilsi Iob" docDate="2022" docId="8F4F879B0B65165478DDFEEC2472F99D" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.542.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 542 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Sida rubifolia A. Saint-Hilaire 1825" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="126" masterDocId="7376FFE30B7016417855FFC2275AFFA9" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of Sida (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="135" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="126" updateTime="1699319296881" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="B2DD1999F36BDCC718F5E101560E17F1">Synopsis of Sida (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E6F758DCFDAE8C11E658A8A7246861A8">Grings, Martin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="342C720F6086F9C017DDDF119E734746">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501 - 970, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2A25C8F1FC6B145142065B2A1D9672F3">Boldrini, Ilsi Iob</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="64178B7E6E892A1D1582F9F36C52A246">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501 - 970, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="70006C85A7D98D7A085A2EABCA02CD45">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="8F4F879B0B65165478DDFEEC2472F99D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415597" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194464329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6415597" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F4F879B0B65165478DDFEEC2472F99D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F4F879B0B65165478DDFEEC2472F99D" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">
<subSubSection id="4FFC65060B65165478DDFEEC24BAFEE1" box="[136,992,302,329]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0759368D0B65165478DDFEEC24BAFEE1" blockId="21.[136,1452,302,1589]" box="[136,992,302,329]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">
<materialsCitation id="B78E3CD00B65165478DDFEEC24BAFEE1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746876327" box="[136,992,302,329]" collectionCode="A, P, MPU" country="Brazil" location="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" specimenCode="C2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="lectotype">
19.
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B65165478E5FEEC259BFEE1" ID-CoL="6YMX9" authority="A. Saint-Hilaire (1825: 183 - 184)" authorityName="A. Saint-Hilaire" authorityPageNumber="183 - 184" authorityYear="1825" box="[176,705,302,329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubifolia">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B65165478E5FEEC2614FEE0" bold="true" box="[176,334,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Sida rubifolia</emphasis>
A.
<bibRefCitation id="63774B7C0B6516547927FEEC259BFEE1" author="Saint-Hilaire, A. de &amp; Jussieu, A. de &amp; Cambessedes, J." box="[370,705,302,329]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" refId="ref20318" refString="Saint-Hilaire, A. de, Jussieu, A. de &amp; Cambessedes, J. (1825) Flora Brasiliae Meridionalis (quarto ed). A. Belin Bibliopolam, Parisiis, 395 pp." type="book" year="1825">Saint-Hilaire (1825: 183–184)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="9FDD2A080B6516547A9BFEEC2463FEE0" box="[718,825,302,329]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[136,229,2030,2052]" captionTargetBox="[315,1294,482,1962]" captionTargetId="figure-118@12.[258,1329,425,2006]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution map of Sida glaziovii, S. paradoxa, S. linifolia, S. nemorensis, S. planicaulis, S. potentilloides and S. rubifolia in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415497/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Figures 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9FDD2A080B6516547B16FEEC24CDFEE1" box="[835,919,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="22.[136,229,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,190,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[177,1411,190,1932]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. A–D. Sida rubifolia. A. Flower. B. Adaxial surface of leaf. C. Prostrate habit. D. Calyx and corolla. E–K. Sida spinosa. E. Flower. F. Abaxial surface of leaf. G. Adaxial surface of leaf. H. Habit. I. Mature schizocarp. J. Branch with tubercle at petiole base. K. Branch. L–Q. Sida tuberculata. L. Branch with leaves, mature and immature schizocarps. M. Adaxial surface of leaf. N. Abaxial surface of leaf. O. Mature schizocarps. P. Branch with flower. Q. Habit. Photographs by Martin Grings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415511/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">11A–D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9FDD2A080B6516547BF4FEEC248EFEE1" box="[929,980,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="26.[136,229,1957,1979]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,245,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-54@26.[196,1391,245,1933]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 14. Mericarps. A. Sida anomala. B. Sida confusa. C. Sida farroupilhensis. D. Sida glaziovii. E. Sida cerradoensis. F. Sida cordifolia. G. Sida dubia. H. Sida linifolia. I. Sida lonchitis. J. Sida nemorensis. K. Sida paradoxa. L. Sida planicaulis. M. Sida potentilloides.N. Sida reitzii. O. Sida regnellii. P. Sida rhombifolia.Q. Sida riedelii. R. Sida rubifolia.S. Sida spinosa.T. Sida tuberculata. U. Sida urens. V. Sida viarum. Photographs by Martin Grings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415519/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">14R</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FFC65060B6516547BB0FEED2279FE38" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0759368D0B6516547BB0FEED2279FE38" blockId="21.[136,1452,302,1589]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">
<materialsCitation id="B78E3CD00B6516547BB0FEED2279FE38" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746876307" collectionCode="A, P, MPU" country="Brazil" location="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" specimenCode="C2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="D85D882F0B6516547BB0FEED230FFEE0" box="[997,1109,303,329]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(designated here):—
<collectingCountry id="7FF1761D0B6516547D15FEEC22F2FEE1" box="[1344,1448,302,328]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="C522F86F0B65165478DDFE90260DFEC5" box="[136,343,338,364]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
. 1820–1821,
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B65165479BCFE9125A0FEC9" box="[489,762,338,365]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">
<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B65165479BCFE9126A7FEC4" box="[489,509,339,365]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. St.-Hilaire
<specimenCode id="57409EF60B6516547AD4FE9025C5FEC5" box="[641,671,338,364]" collectionCode="C" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="Herbarium">C2</specimenCode>
/2759
<superScript id="F0939BC50B6516547AB2FE9025A0FEC9" attach="none" box="[743,762,338,352]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">bis</superScript>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B6516547B52FE90244DFEC5" box="[775,791,338,364]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
barcode 02285470! [digital image]; isolectotypes
<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B6516547D6AFE912214FEC4" box="[1343,1358,339,365]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
barcode 02285472! [digital image],
<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B65165479E9FEB52691FE38" box="[444,459,375,401]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
barcode 02285471! [digital image],
<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B6516547B30FEB524F8FE38" box="[869,930,375,401]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15519" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15519" name="Université Montpellier 2" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="Herbarium">MPU</collectionCode>
barcode 016967! [digital image]).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FFC65060B65165478E8FE5924A2FE70" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0759368D0B65165478E8FE5924A2FE70" blockId="21.[136,1452,302,1589]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">
=
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B6516547881FE582400FE1D" ID-CoL="4X8C9" authority="Krapovickas &amp; Bueno (2007 a: 203)" authorityName="Krapovickas &amp; Bueno" authorityPageNumber="203" authorityYear="2007" box="[212,858,410,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudorubifolia">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547881FE5826E4FE1D" box="[212,446,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Sida pseudorubifolia</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B78E3CD00B6516547993FE582400FE1D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746876417" box="[454,858,410,437]" collectingDate="1942-01-29" collectionCode="PACA, LIL" country="Brazil" location="Rambo" municipality="Tupanciretan" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="holotype">Krapovickas &amp; Bueno (2007a: 203)</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547B30FE59249EFE1D" box="[869,964,411,437]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Syn. nov</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="D85D882F0B6516547B87FE582360FE1D" box="[978,1082,410,436]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:—
<collectingCountry id="7FF1761D0B6516547C34FE582393FE1D" box="[1121,1225,410,436]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="C522F86F0B6516547C86FE5822F2FE1D" box="[1235,1448,410,436]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="E73DACF70B65165478DDFE7C2644FE71" box="[136,286,446,472]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Tupanciretan</collectingMunicipality>
, in campo,
<date id="7358104D0B65165479CBFE7C2500FE71" box="[414,602,446,473]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" value="1942-01-29">
<collectingDate id="631CE9A50B65165479CBFE7C2500FE71" box="[414,602,446,473]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" value="1942-01-29">29 January 1942</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547A30FE7C25AEFE71" box="[613,756,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">
<location id="023960560B6516547A30FE7C25EEFE71" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F4F879B0B65165478DDFEEC2472F99D:023960560B6516547A30FE7C25EEFE71" box="[613,692,446,472]" country="Brazil" municipality="Tupanciretan" name="Rambo" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">Rambo</location>
9472
</emphasis>
(PACA!; isotype LIL).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FFC65060B65165478E8FE20250BFB00" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0759368D0B65165478E8FE2023F4FDC1" blockId="21.[136,1452,302,1589]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B65165478E8FE2026D5FE55" bold="true" box="[189,399,482,508]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Taxonomic notes:</emphasis>
—According to
<bibRefCitation id="63774B7C0B6516547A13FE202468FE55" author="Krapovickas, A." box="[582,818,482,508]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" pagination="193 - 208" refId="ref19497" refString="Krapovickas, A. (2007 a) Novedades en el genero Sida (Malvaceae, Tribu Malveae). Bonplandia 16: 193 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.30972 / bon. 163 - 4147" type="journal article" year="2007">Krapovickas (2007a)</bibRefCitation>
the species belongs to the section
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B6516547CE0FE20226FFE55" authorityName="Fryxell" authorityYear="1985" baseAuthorityName="de Candolle" box="[1205,1333,482,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Cordifoliae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547CE0FE20226FFE55" box="[1205,1333,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Cordifoliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to the presence of subcordate leaves and 10 mericarps (
<tableCitation id="4A6403360B6516547AF3FDC425A3FD89" box="[678,761,518,544]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,224,340,364]" captionTargetBox="[144,1440,425,1289]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Sections of Sida with species occurring in Rio Grande do Sul state, and their diagnostic features, according to Fryxell (1985) and Krapovickas (2003)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/539966050B72164378DDFE962568FE39" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" tableUuid="539966050B72164378DDFE962568FE39">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B6516547B45FDC424F0FD89" authorityName="A. Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1825" box="[784,938,518,544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubifolia">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547B45FDC424F0FD89" box="[784,938,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Sida rubifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other species in the section by the prostate or decumbent habit; mericarps 4
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547B55FDE92449FDED" box="[768,787,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">×</emphasis>
<quantity id="C01E9B680B6516547B4FFDE8242EFDEC" box="[794,884,554,581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
; petals
<quantity id="C01E9B680B6516547B9DFDE82342FDEC" box="[968,1048,554,581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
long, yellow or pink. In the present work, photos of the species in its habitat are presented for the first time (
<figureCitation id="9FDD2A080B6516547BE6FD8C2339FDC1" box="[947,1123,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="22.[136,229,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,190,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[177,1411,190,1932]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. A–D. Sida rubifolia. A. Flower. B. Adaxial surface of leaf. C. Prostrate habit. D. Calyx and corolla. E–K. Sida spinosa. E. Flower. F. Abaxial surface of leaf. G. Adaxial surface of leaf. H. Habit. I. Mature schizocarp. J. Branch with tubercle at petiole base. K. Branch. L–Q. Sida tuberculata. L. Branch with leaves, mature and immature schizocarps. M. Adaxial surface of leaf. N. Abaxial surface of leaf. O. Mature schizocarps. P. Branch with flower. Q. Habit. Photographs by Martin Grings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415511/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Figures 11A–D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9FDD2A080B6516547C3AFD8C23F8FDC1" box="[1135,1186,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="26.[136,229,1957,1979]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,245,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-54@26.[196,1391,245,1933]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 14. Mericarps. A. Sida anomala. B. Sida confusa. C. Sida farroupilhensis. D. Sida glaziovii. E. Sida cerradoensis. F. Sida cordifolia. G. Sida dubia. H. Sida linifolia. I. Sida lonchitis. J. Sida nemorensis. K. Sida paradoxa. L. Sida planicaulis. M. Sida potentilloides.N. Sida reitzii. O. Sida regnellii. P. Sida rhombifolia.Q. Sida riedelii. R. Sida rubifolia.S. Sida spinosa.T. Sida tuberculata. U. Sida urens. V. Sida viarum. Photographs by Martin Grings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415519/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">14R</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0759368D0B65165478E8FDB0250BFB00" blockId="21.[136,1452,302,1589]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B65165478E8FDB0269AFD25" bold="true" box="[189,448,626,652]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Nomenclatural notes:</emphasis>
—The specimen P 02285470, chosen as a
<typeStatus id="D85D882F0B6516547BF1FDB02354FD25" box="[932,1038,626,652]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, has two labels, the one on the right referring that the collection was carried out in
<collectingRegion id="C522F86F0B6516547AD1FD5424D0FD18" box="[644,906,662,689]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Rio Grande do Sul state</collectingRegion>
under number C2/2759 bis and the left label with informations that the collection was carried out in
<collectingRegion id="C522F86F0B6516547AEEFD7824D4FD7C" box="[699,910,698,725]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Minas Gerais state</collectingRegion>
, as stated in the protologue. In
<bibRefCitation id="63774B7C0B6516547CBEFD7922DEFD7C" author="Herter, W." box="[1259,1412,698,725]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" pagination="119 - 149" refId="ref19133" refString="Herter, W. (1945) Auf dem Spuren der Naturforscher Sellow and Saint-Hilaire. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik 74: 119 - 149." type="journal article" year="1945">Herter (1945)</bibRefCitation>
we can see that the collection C2/2759 bis of A. Saint-Hilaire was carried out in the state of
<collectingRegion id="C522F86F0B6516547C0CFD1C2271FD51" box="[1113,1323,734,760]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
, in a region that includes the locations of Quaraim (Quaraí), Ibicui, Santa Borja (São Borja), São Luis (São Luiz Gonzaga), São Miguel (São Miguel das Missões), São João, Rio Pardo, where the species actually occurs. In
<bibRefCitation id="63774B7C0B6516547CE0FCE52209FCE8" author="Dwyer, J. D." box="[1205,1363,806,833]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" pagination="153 - 170" refId="ref18577" refString="Dwyer, J. D. (1955) The botanical catalogues of Auguste De Saint-Hilaire. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 42: 153 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2394600" type="journal article" year="1955">Dwyer (1955)</bibRefCitation>
we can also see that collections 2567–2797 of A. Saint-Hilaire were carried out in State of
<collectingRegion id="C522F86F0B6516547C70FC8823A2FCCD" box="[1061,1272,842,868]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
. In other words, A. St.-Hilaire was in
<collectingRegion id="C522F86F0B651654792DFCAC2510FC21" box="[376,586,878,904]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
on the date of collection of
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B6516547BDDFCAC237EFC21" authorityName="A. Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1825" box="[904,1060,878,904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubifolia">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547BDDFCAC237EFC21" box="[904,1060,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Sida rubifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Examining the type materials, we found that they are in accordance with the morphology of the species found in
<collectingRegion id="C522F86F0B6516547BA0FC502393FC05" box="[1013,1225,914,940]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
. The morphology of
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B65165478DDFC75265CFC79" authorityName="A. Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1825" box="[136,262,950,977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubifolia">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B65165478DDFC75265CFC79" box="[136,262,950,977]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">S. rubifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including mericarps, in the illustration presented by A.
<bibRefCitation id="63774B7C0B6516547B2FFC742306FC78" author="Saint-Hilaire, A. de &amp; Jussieu, A. de &amp; Cambessedes, J." box="[890,1116,950,977]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" refId="ref20318" refString="Saint-Hilaire, A. de, Jussieu, A. de &amp; Cambessedes, J. (1825) Flora Brasiliae Meridionalis (quarto ed). A. Belin Bibliopolam, Parisiis, 395 pp." type="book" year="1825">Saint-Hilaire (1825)</bibRefCitation>
is also in accordance with the morphology of the plant that occurs in the state of
<collectingRegion id="C522F86F0B6516547A97FC1824C2FC5D" box="[706,920,986,1012]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
. In addition, the species was never found again in
<collectingRegion id="C522F86F0B65165478F0FC3C2665FBB1" box="[165,319,1022,1048]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
, as mentioned in the protologue. There seems to be an error in the location shown in the protologue. Krapovickas and Bueno (2007a), in the description of
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B6516547B54FBE024B4FB95" authorityName="Krapovickas &amp; Bueno" authorityYear="2007" box="[769,1006,1058,1084]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudorubifolia">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547B54FBE024B4FB95" box="[769,1006,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Sida pseudorubifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, do not morphologically distinguish it from
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B651654789CFB842632FBC9" authorityName="A. Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1825" box="[201,360,1094,1120]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubifolia">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B651654789CFB842632FBC9" box="[201,360,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Sida rubifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. After analyzing the type and protologue of both, it was concluded that
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B6516547CE8FB8426DBFB2C" authority="Krapovickas &amp; Bueno" authorityName="Krapovickas &amp; Bueno" authorityYear="2007" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudorubifolia">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547CE8FB8422F1FBC9" box="[1213,1451,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Sida pseudorubifolia</emphasis>
Krapovickas &amp; Bueno
</taxonomicName>
is the same species already described as
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B6516547B1CFBA8237AFB2D" authority="A. St." authorityName="A. Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1825" box="[841,1056,1130,1156]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubifolia">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547B1CFBA824B9FB2D" box="[841,995,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Sida rubifolia</emphasis>
A.St.
</taxonomicName>
-Hilaire. Therefore, we propose the synonymization of
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B6516547935FB4C2510FB01" authorityName="Krapovickas &amp; Bueno" authorityYear="2007" box="[352,586,1166,1192]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudorubifolia">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547935FB4C2510FB01" box="[352,586,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Sida pseudorubifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FFC65060B65165478E8FB7026DBFA28" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0759368D0B65165478E8FB7026DBFA28" blockId="21.[136,1452,302,1589]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B65165478E8FB702586FB65" bold="true" box="[189,732,1202,1228]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Distribution, habitat and conservation status:</emphasis>
—This species is endemic to
<collectingRegion id="C522F86F0B6516547C76FB7023ACFB65" box="[1059,1270,1202,1228]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
, where it occurs in distinct
<typeStatus id="D85D882F0B65165478ABFB152663FB58" box="[254,313,1239,1265]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">types</typeStatus>
of grasslands:
<taxonomicName id="C0E64D0E0B651654798AFB142563FB59" box="[479,569,1238,1264]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="21" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Aristida</taxonomicName>
grassland, Sandy grassland, Bush grassland and Inland sub-montane grassland (
<figureCitation id="9FDD2A080B65165478C5FB3827A8FABC" box="[144,242,1274,1301]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[136,229,2030,2052]" captionTargetBox="[315,1294,482,1962]" captionTargetId="figure-118@12.[258,1329,425,2006]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution map of Sida glaziovii, S. paradoxa, S. linifolia, S. nemorensis, S. planicaulis, S. potentilloides and S. rubifolia in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415497/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Figure 5</figureCitation>
). According to
<bibRefCitation id="63774B7C0B65165479F4FB382560FABD" author="IUCN &amp; Cambridge, UK" box="[417,570,1274,1300]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" refId="ref19221" refString="IUCN (2017) Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 13. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommitttee. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 3 November 2019)" type="url" year="2017">IUCN (2017)</bibRefCitation>
, criterion B2ab(iii), the species is considered Vulnerable (VU), with an Extent of occurrence of
<quantity id="C01E9B680B651654791DFADC2699FA92" box="[328,451,1310,1339]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2319" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" unit="km" value="32319.0">32,319 km</quantity>
², an Area of occupancy of
<quantity id="C01E9B680B6516547AA1FADC2467FA92" box="[756,829,1310,1339]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" unit="km" value="44.0">44 km</quantity>
², and occurring in about 11 locations. In addition, state of
<collectingRegion id="C522F86F0B65165478F2FA802620FAF5" box="[167,378,1346,1372]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
is facing an increase in loss of grasslands, converted or degraded, mostly by soybean cropland (
<bibRefCitation id="63774B7C0B65165478DAFAA4262FFA28" author="Andrade, B. O. &amp; Koch, C. &amp; Boldrini, I. I. &amp; Velez-Martin, E. &amp; Hasenack, H. &amp; Hermann, J. M. &amp; Kollmann, J. &amp; Pillar, V. P." box="[143,373,1382,1409]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" pagination="95 - 104" refId="ref17819" refString="Andrade, B. O., Koch, C., Boldrini, I. I., Velez-Martin, E., Hasenack, H., Hermann, J. M., Kollmann, J., Pillar, V. P. &amp; Overbeck. G. E. (2015) Grassland degradation and restoration: A conceptual framework of stages and thresholds illustrated by southern Brazilian grasslands. Natureza &amp; Conservacao 13: 95 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ncon. 2015.08.002" type="journal article" year="2015">
Andrade
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B65165478ACFAA5266BFA29" box="[249,305,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FFC65060B65165478E8FA482472F99D" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0759368D0B65165478E8FA482472F99D" blockId="21.[136,1452,302,1589]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B65165478E8FA4826A7FA0D" bold="true" box="[189,509,1418,1444]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Representative specimens:</emphasis>
—
<materialsCitation id="B78E3CD00B6516547A4FFA482660FA60" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746876454" collectingDate="1985-03" collectionCode="O" country="Brazil" location="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">
<collectingCountry id="7FF1761D0B6516547A4FFA4825D8FA0D" box="[538,642,1418,1444]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="C522F86F0B6516547AC5FA48242BFA0D" box="[656,881,1418,1444]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
. Cachoeira do Sul, BR-290 próximo ao km 177,
<date id="7358104D0B65165478DDFA6C264CFA60" box="[136,278,1454,1481]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" value="1985-03">
<collectingDate id="631CE9A50B65165478DDFA6C264CFA60" box="[136,278,1454,1481]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" value="1985-03">March 1985</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B6516547976FA6D2660FA60" box="[291,314,1455,1481]" country="Norway" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13093" name="Botanical Museum - University of Oslo" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="Herbarium">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547976FA6D2660FA60" box="[291,314,1455,1481]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">O</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B651654796FFA6D268BFA61" box="[314,465,1454,1481]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">. Bueno 4368</emphasis>
(HAS);
<materialsCitation id="B78E3CD00B6516547A62FA6C2638FA45" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746876450" collectingDate="2012-12" collectionCode="M" collectorName="Serra dos Pedrosos" country="Brazil" latitude="-30.769722" location="Encruzilhada do Sul" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-52.91111" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Encruzilhada do Sul">
<collectingRegion id="C522F86F0B6516547A62FA6C247BFA61" box="[567,801,1454,1480]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Encruzilhada do Sul</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="AA13535B0B6516547B7AFA6C2356FA61" box="[815,1036,1454,1480]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Serra dos Pedrosos</collectorName>
, -
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-
<geoCoordinate id="62D2504A0B6516547C8DFA6C22DDFA60" box="[1240,1415,1454,1481]" degrees="52.9111111" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" precision="1" value="-52.91111">52.9111111º W</geoCoordinate>
, 1º
<date id="7358104D0B65165478DDFA102666FA45" box="[136,316,1490,1516]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" value="2012-12">
<collectingDate id="631CE9A50B65165478DDFA102666FA45" box="[136,316,1490,1516]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" value="2012-12">December 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B6516547912FA112638FA45" box="[327,354,1491,1516]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="Herbarium">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547912FA112638FA45" box="[327,354,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">M</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547937FA1125FEFA45" box="[354,676,1490,1517]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">. Verdi &amp; J.A. Jarenkow 6335</emphasis>
(FURB); Santiago, S
<materialsCitation id="B78E3CD00B6516547BCFFA1022FDFA44" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746876435" box="[922,1447,1490,1517]" collectingDate="2019-11-28" collectionCode="S" country="Brazil" longitude="-29.105" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Encruzilhada do Sul">
29º06’18” W 54º58’35”,
<date id="7358104D0B6516547CE7FA1022D6FA45" box="[1202,1420,1490,1516]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" value="2019-11-28">
<collectingDate id="631CE9A50B6516547CE7FA1022D6FA45" box="[1202,1420,1490,1516]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" value="2019-11-28">28 November 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B6516547DC3FA1122FDFA44" box="[1430,1447,1491,1517]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="Herbarium">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547DC3FA1122FDFA44" box="[1430,1447,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">S</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547DF2FA112614F9B9" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">. Bordignon &amp; J.R.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B78E3CD00B6516547900FA342516F99D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746876424" collectingDate="2008-11-21" collectionCode="E" collectorName="Stehamnn" country="Brazil" latitude="-29.616943" location="Sao Francisco de Assis" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-55.05111" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Encruzilhada do Sul">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547900FA342553F9B9" box="[341,521,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">
<collectorName id="AA13535B0B6516547900FA34269CF9B9" box="[341,454,1526,1552]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">Stehamnn</collectorName>
, 5919
</emphasis>
(UNILASALLE);
<location id="023960560B6516547A8AFA3424B8F9B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F4F879B0B65165478DDFEEC2472F99D:023960560B6516547A8AFA3424B8F9B9" box="[735,994,1526,1552]" country="Brazil" latitude="-29.616943" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-55.05111" name="Sao Francisco de Assis" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" stateProvince="Encruzilhada do Sul">São Francisco de Assis</location>
, RST
<quantity id="C01E9B680B6516547C7DFA342326F9B9" box="[1064,1148,1526,1552]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.77" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" unit="km" value="377.0">377 km</quantity>
320, WGS 84 -
<geoCoordinate id="62D2504A0B6516547D7CFA3427C2F99D" degrees="29.616944" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" precision="1" value="-29.616943">29.616944º S</geoCoordinate>
-
<geoCoordinate id="62D2504A0B65165478F3F9D8261CF99C" box="[166,326,1562,1589]" degrees="55.051111" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" precision="1" value="-55.05111">55.051111º W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="7358104D0B6516547904F9D82576F99D" box="[337,556,1562,1588]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" value="2008-11-21">
<collectingDate id="631CE9A50B6516547904F9D82576F99D" box="[337,556,1562,1588]" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" value="2008-11-21">21 November 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="61F7AE480B6516547A62F9D92516F99D" box="[567,588,1563,1588]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="21" pageNumber="126" type="Herbarium">
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547A62F9D92516F99D" box="[567,588,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">E</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="3592EA9F0B6516547A19F9D9258DF99D" box="[588,727,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="126">. Freitas 619</emphasis>
(ICN).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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