314 lines
43 KiB
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314 lines
43 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="213A59AA70217940F633CB05BA4CF954">Systematic revision of the pantropical whip spider family Charinidae Quintero, 1986 (Arachnida, Amblypygi)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8B309DD32B4E8C33166FE492505D5FA8">Miranda, Gustavo Silva de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F91954144674FB2BB221EFD0A3422C8E">Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. & Entomology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="244B3221C16F754AF0AF54C0D1E1D493">Giupponi, Alessandro P. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CBF80265AAC16D02E9F82A96CC561C93">Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, LIRN-IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3163994BE61FA0333B680171BC2D3164">Prendini, Lorenzo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5EB042F256B9433FA3799B8AC1F43FEC">Arachnology Lab, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="43B11498A990684DFA0D3AFA8B709678">Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. & Entomology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA. & Zoology Section, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="8F431375FF59FF12A6A6FC9EFBEBDEAA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5570617" ID-GBIF-Taxon="188640170" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5570617" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F431375FF59FF12A6A6FC9EFBEBDEAA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F431375FF59FF12A6A6FC9EFBEBDEAA" lastPageId="193" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
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<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF59FF13A6A6FC9EFCF3DF8D" ID-CoL="8VN9R" authority="(Gravely, 1915)" authorityName="Miranda & Giupponi & Prendini & Scharff" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Gravely" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[438,821,880,908]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moultoni" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A6A6FC9EFDB2DF8A" bold="true" box="[438,628,880,907]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Sarax moultoni</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF59FF13A594FC9EFCEBDF8D" author="Gravely F. H." box="[644,813,881,908]" firstAuthor="Gravely" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="483 - 539" part="11" refId="ref149095" refString="Gravely F. H. 1915 a. Notes on the habits of Indian insects, myriapods & arachnids. Records of the Indian Museum 11: 483 - 539." title="Notes on the habits of Indian insects, myriapods & arachnids" type="journal article" year="1915">Gravely, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2EADC30AFF59FF13A42DFC9EFC07DF8D" box="[829,961,881,908]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, nomen dubium
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<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF59FF13A5FEFC7AFC83DFAE" box="[750,837,917,943]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0755A263FF59FF13A5FEFC7AFC83DFAE" blockId="192.[438,1150,880,943]" box="[750,837,917,943]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
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<tableCitation id="4A6897D8FF59FF13A5FEFC7AFC83DFAE" box="[750,837,917,943]" captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="173.[181,251,561,590]" captionTargetBox="[181,1931,647,1727]" captionTargetId="graphics-34@173.[181,1935,672,1729]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="Table 8 (continued on next page). Measurements of all Asian Sarax Simon, 1892." pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Table 8</tableCitation>
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<paragraph id="0755A263FF59FF13A7ADFC38FC92DFF3" blockId="192.[189,852,983,1010]" box="[189,852,983,1010]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
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<treatmentCitation id="864B8472FF59FF13A7ADFC38FCC3DFF3" author="Gravely F. H." box="[189,773,983,1010]" page="444" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" year="1915">
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<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF59FF13A7ADFC38FCC3DFF3" ID-CoL="6ZZQ7" authority="Gravely, 1915 b: 443 - 444" authorityName="Gravely" authorityPageNumber="443 - 444" authorityYear="1915" box="[189,773,983,1010]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Stygophrynus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moultoni">
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<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A7ADFC38FE09DFF0" box="[189,463,983,1009]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Stygophrynus moultoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF59FF13A6C7FC38FCC3DFF3" author="Gravely F. H." box="[471,773,983,1010]" firstAuthor="Gravely" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" page="443 - 444" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="433 - 455" part="11" refId="ref149126" refString="Gravely F. H. 1915 b. A revision of the Oriental subfamilies of Tarantulidae (order Pedipalpi). Records of the Indian Museum 11: 433 - 455." title="A revision of the Oriental subfamilies of Tarantulidae (order Pedipalpi)" type="journal article" year="1915" yearSuffix="b">Gravely, 1915b: 443–444</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 9.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A7ADFBF5FE23D835" box="[189,485,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
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<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF59FF13A7ADFBF5FE09D835" ID-CoL="6ZZQ7" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1915" box="[189,463,1050,1076]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Stygophrynus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moultoni">Stygophrynus moultoni</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A6C6FBF5FE23D835" bold="true" box="[470,485,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">–</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="864B8472FF59FF13A6FCFBF5FD12D835" author="Giltay L." box="[492,724,1049,1076]" page="24" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" year="1931">
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<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF59FF13A6FCFBF5FD12D835" author="Giltay L." box="[492,724,1049,1076]" firstAuthor="Giltay" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique" page="24 - 25" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="1 - 28" part="3" refId="ref148544" refString="Giltay L. 1931. Scorpions et Pedipalpes. In: Resultats scientifiques du voyage aux Indes orientales neerlandaises de LL. AA. RR. le Prince et la Princesse Leopold de Belgique. Memoires du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique 3: 1 - 28." title="Scorpions et Pedipalpes" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Resultats scientifiques du voyage aux Indes orientales neerlandaises de LL. AA. RR. le Prince et la Princesse Leopold de Belgique" year="1931">Giltay 1931: 24–25</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="864B8472FF59FF13A412FBF5FBC9D835" author="Mello-Leitao C." box="[770,1039,1049,1076]" page="54" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" year="1931">
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<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF59FF13A412FBF5FBC9D835" author="Mello-Leitao C." box="[770,1039,1049,1076]" firstAuthor="Mello-Leitao" journalOrPublisher="Archivos do Museu Nacional" page="54" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="7 - 72" part="33" refId="ref150843" refString="Mello-Leitao C. 1931. Pedipalpos do Brasil e algumas notas sobre a ordem. Archivos do Museu Nacional 33: 7 - 72." title="Pedipalpos do Brasil e algumas notas sobre a ordem" type="journal article" year="1931">Mello-Leitão 1931: 54</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. —
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||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF59FF13A32EFBF5FB1FD835" author="Werner F." box="[1086,1241,1049,1076]" editor="Bronn H. G." firstAuthor="Werner" journalOrPublisher="Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="317 - 490" refId="ref155468" refString="Werner F. 1935. Klasse: Arachnoidea, Spinnentiere. Pedipalpen. In: Bronn H. G. (ed.) Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs: 317 - 490. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig." title="Klasse: Arachnoidea, Spinnentiere. Pedipalpen" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs" year="1935">Werner 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 177a. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="864B8472FF59FF13A7FAFBD1FE15D859" author="Quintero D., Jr." box="[234,467,1086,1112]" page="207" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" year="1986">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF59FF13A7FAFBD1FE15D859" author="Quintero D., Jr." box="[234,467,1086,1112]" editor="Eberhard, W. & Lubin, Y. D. & Robinson B. C." firstAuthor="Quintero" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C." page="207" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="203 - 212" part="1983" refId="ref152451" refString="Quintero D., Jr. 1986. Revision de la clasification de Amblypygidos pulvinados: Creacion de subordenes, una neuva familia y un nuevo genero con tres nuevas especies (Arachnida: Amblypygi). In: Eberhard, W. G, Lubin, Y. D. & Robinson B. C. (eds) Proceedings of the 9 th International Congress of Arachnology, Panama 1983: 203 - 212. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C." title="Revision de la clasification de Amblypygidos pulvinados: Creacion de subordenes, una neuva familia y un nuevo genero con tres nuevas especies (Arachnida: Amblypygi)" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Proceedings of the 9 th International Congress of Arachnology, Panama" year="1986">Quintero 1986: 207</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, figs 2, 8. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="864B8472FF59FF13A560FBD1FBD7D859" author="Rahmadi C. & Harvey M. S." box="[624,1041,1086,1112]" page="281" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" year="2008">
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<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF59FF13A560FBD1FBD7D859" author="Rahmadi C. & Harvey M. S." box="[624,1041,1086,1112]" firstAuthor="Rahmadi" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" page="281 - 282" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="281 - 288" part="56" refId="ref152592" refString="Rahmadi C. & Harvey M. S. 2008. A first epigean species of Stygophrynus Kraepelin (Amblypygi: Charontidae) from Java and adjacent island, Indonesia with notes on S. dammermani Roewer, 1928. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56: 281 - 288." title="A first epigean species of Stygophrynus Kraepelin (Amblypygi: Charontidae) from Java and adjacent island, Indonesia with notes on S. dammermani Roewer" type="journal article" year="2008">Rahmadi & Harvey 2008: 281–282</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 286–287.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0755A263FF59FF13A7ADFB8DFE2BD8A0" blockId="192.[189,1398,1049,1185]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="27FA854DFF59FF13A7ADFB8DFE2BD8A0" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
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<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF59FF13A7ADFB8DFD9DD87D" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1895" box="[189,603,1122,1148]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Stygophrynus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A7ADFB8DFD9DD87D" box="[189,603,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Stygophrynus Neocharon moultoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="864B8472FF59FF13A56CFB8DFCF6D87D" author="Dunn R. A." box="[636,816,1122,1148]" page="11" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" year="1949">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF59FF13A56CFB8DFCF6D87D" author="Dunn R. A." box="[636,816,1122,1148]" firstAuthor="Dunn" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria" page="11" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="7 - 15" part="16" refId="ref147899" refString="Dunn R. A. 1949. New Pedipalpi from Australia and the Solomon Islands. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 16: 7 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 1949.16.01" title="New Pedipalpi from Australia and the Solomon Islands" type="journal article" year="1949">Dunn 1949: 11</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="864B8472FF59FF13A473FB8DFBEBD87D" author="Harvey M. S." box="[867,1069,1122,1148]" page="10" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF59FF13A473FB8DFBEBD87D" author="Harvey M. S." box="[867,1069,1122,1148]" firstAuthor="Harvey" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia" page="10" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" refId="ref149587" refString="Harvey M. S. 2003. Catalogue of the Smaller Arachnid Orders of the World. Amblypygi, Uropygi, Schizomida, Palpigradi, Ricinulei and Solifugae. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643090071" title="Catalogue of the Smaller Arachnid Orders of the World. Amblypygi, Uropygi, Schizomida, Palpigradi, Ricinulei and Solifugae" type="book" year="2003">Harvey 2003: 10</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF59FF13A34FFB8DFAA9D87D" author="Rahmadi C. & Kojima J." box="[1119,1391,1122,1148]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rahmadi" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" page="1" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="475 - 484" part="38" refId="ref152642" refString="Rahmadi C. & Kojima J. - i. 2010. Whip spiders of the genus Sarax in the Papuan region, with description of two new species (Amblypygi: Charinidae). Journal of Arachnology 38: 475 - 484. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / Ha 09 - 95.1" title="Whip spiders of the genus Sarax in the Papuan region, with description of two new species (Amblypygi: Charinidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Rahmadi
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A3C0FB8CFACBD87D" box="[1232,1293,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010: 1
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 6, 19;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF59FF13A626FB69FE68D8A1" author="Rahmadi C. & Harvey M. S. & Kojima J." box="[310,430,1158,1184]" firstAuthor="Rahmadi" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" page="223" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="223 - 229" part="39" refId="ref152753" refString="Rahmadi C., Harvey M. S. & Kojima J. - i. 2011. The status of the whip spider subgenus Neocharon (Amblypygi: Charontidae) and the distribution of the genera Charon and Stygophrynus. Journal of Arachnology 39: 223 - 229. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / ca 10 - 77.1" title="The status of the whip spider subgenus Neocharon (Amblypygi: Charontidae) and the distribution of the genera Charon and Stygophrynus" type="journal article" year="2011">2011: 223</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 225.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF59FF13A7ADFB27FE63D936" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="0755A263FF59FF13A7ADFB27FE82D8E3" blockId="192.[189,324,1224,1250]" box="[189,324,1224,1250]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<heading id="5C1D150FFF59FF13A7ADFB27FE82D8E3" bold="true" box="[189,324,1224,1250]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A7ADFB27FE82D8E3" bold="true" box="[189,324,1224,1250]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0755A263FF59FF13A7ADFB17FE63D936" blockId="192.[189,1399,1272,1335]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
|
||
Although unspecified, the name is evidently a patronym honoring Mr Moulton, who donated the
|
||
<typeStatus id="D8511CC1FF59FF13A200FB17FAB1D913" box="[1296,1399,1272,1298]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF59FF13A7CBFAF3FE64D936" author="Gravely F. H." box="[219,418,1308,1335]" firstAuthor="Gravely" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="433 - 455" part="11" refId="ref149126" refString="Gravely F. H. 1915 b. A revision of the Oriental subfamilies of Tarantulidae (order Pedipalpi). Records of the Indian Museum 11: 433 - 455." title="A revision of the Oriental subfamilies of Tarantulidae (order Pedipalpi)" type="journal article" year="1915" yearSuffix="b">Gravely (1915b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF59FF13A7ADFAB1FD3AD9F1" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="0755A263FF59FF13A7ADFAB1FEAAD979" blockId="192.[189,364,1374,1400]" box="[189,364,1374,1400]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<heading id="5C1D150FFF59FF13A7ADFAB1FEAAD979" bold="true" box="[189,364,1374,1400]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A7ADFAB1FEAAD979" bold="true" box="[189,364,1374,1400]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Type material</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0755A263FF59FF13A7FAFA61FD3AD9F1" blockId="192.[189,1399,1422,1521]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B782A83EFF59FF13A7FAFA61FD3AD9F1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3383565634" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Indonesia" location="Klingkang summit" municipality="Klingkang summit" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kalimantan Barat" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A7FAFA61FE9AD9A9" bold="true" box="[234,348,1422,1448]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<typeStatus id="D8511CC1FF59FF13A7FAFA61FE9AD9A9" box="[234,348,1422,1448]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7FFDE2F3FF59FF13A7ADFA5DFE9BD9CD" box="[189,349,1458,1484]" name="Indonesia" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">INDONESIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="11EC69EAFF59FF13A690FA5DFE5FD9CD" box="[384,409,1458,1484]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="E7313819FF59FF13A6BCFA5EFD4BD9CA" box="[428,653,1457,1483]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Klingkang summit</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
[Klingkang Range],
|
||
<locationDeviation id="16E7BB41FF59FF13A487FA5EFE10D9F0" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">between Sarawak (Malaysia) and West Kalimantan (Indonesia)</locationDeviation>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="61FB3AA6FF59FF13A6F2FA39FDFCD9F1" box="[482,570,1494,1520]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
[not examined].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF59FF12A7ADF9F7FBEBDEAA" lastPageId="193" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="0755A263FF59FF13A7ADF9F7FEE9DA33" blockId="192.[189,303,1560,1586]" box="[189,303,1560,1586]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<heading id="5C1D150FFF59FF13A7ADF9F7FEE9DA33" bold="true" box="[189,303,1560,1586]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A7ADF9F7FEE9DA33" bold="true" box="[189,303,1560,1586]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0755A263FF59FF13A7ADF9A7FB44DB3B" blockId="192.[188,1400,1607,1850]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
|
||
In a key to the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF59FF13A6F3F9A8FC8FDA63" authority="Kraepelin, 1895" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1895" box="[483,841,1607,1634]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Stygophrynus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A6F3F9A8FD45DA60" box="[483,643,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Stygophrynus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF59FF13A59AF9A8FC8FDA63" author="Kraepelin K." box="[650,841,1607,1634]" firstAuthor="Kraepelin" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="3 - 53" part="13" refId="ref150262" refString="Kraepelin K. 1895. Revision der Tarantuliden Fabr. Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg 13: 3 - 53." title="Revision der Tarantuliden Fabr" type="journal article" year="1895">Kraepelin, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF59FF13A445F9A8FB94DA60" author="Gravely F. H." box="[853,1106,1607,1634]" firstAuthor="Gravely" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" page="443" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="433 - 455" part="11" refId="ref149126" refString="Gravely F. H. 1915 b. A revision of the Oriental subfamilies of Tarantulidae (order Pedipalpi). Records of the Indian Museum 11: 433 - 455." title="A revision of the Oriental subfamilies of Tarantulidae (order Pedipalpi)" type="journal article" year="1915" yearSuffix="b">Gravely (1915b: 443)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that the “armature of [the] hand [tibia] of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF59FF13A6D5F983FD8FDA84" box="[453,585,1643,1670]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Neocharon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A6D5F983FD8FDA84" box="[453,585,1643,1670]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">S. moultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consists of two long dorsal spines and one ventral one only” whereas, for all other species,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF59FF13A6A6F960FD70DAAB" author="Gravely F. H." box="[438,694,1679,1706]" firstAuthor="Gravely" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" page="443" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="433 - 455" part="11" refId="ref149126" refString="Gravely F. H. 1915 b. A revision of the Oriental subfamilies of Tarantulidae (order Pedipalpi). Records of the Indian Museum 11: 433 - 455." title="A revision of the Oriental subfamilies of Tarantulidae (order Pedipalpi)" type="journal article" year="1915" yearSuffix="b">Gravely (1915b: 443)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that the “hand [is] armed above and below with one long spine succeeded by a series of short spines which increase in length distally”. The former spine configuration is typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF59FF13A6E0F937FDB7DAF3" authorityName="Quintero" authorityYear="1986" box="[496,625,1752,1778]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Charinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the latter is typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF59FF13A4B2F937FBF2DAF3" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[930,1076,1752,1778]" class="Arachnida" family="Charontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Charontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suggesting that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF59FF13A3E2F937FAB0DAF3" box="[1266,1398,1752,1778]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Neocharon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A3E2F937FAB0DAF3" box="[1266,1398,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">S. moultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a charinid.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF59FF13A64FF913FD99DB17" author="Gravely F. H." box="[351,607,1787,1814]" firstAuthor="Gravely" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" page="444" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="433 - 455" part="11" refId="ref149126" refString="Gravely F. H. 1915 b. A revision of the Oriental subfamilies of Tarantulidae (order Pedipalpi). Records of the Indian Museum 11: 433 - 455." title="A revision of the Oriental subfamilies of Tarantulidae (order Pedipalpi)" type="journal article" year="1915" yearSuffix="b">Gravely (1915b: 444)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
further noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF59FF13A450F913FC01DB17" box="[832,967,1788,1814]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Neocharon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A450F913FC01DB17" box="[832,967,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">S. moultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses three dorsal spines on the pedipalp tarsus: “the finger is armed above with three-minute tooth-like spinules”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0755A263FF59FF12A7ADF88DFEFEDDD8" blockId="192.[188,1399,1889,2025]" lastBlockId="193.[189,1401,265,473]" lastPageId="193" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
|
||
Specimens from the vicinity of the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF59FF13A41EF88DFC55DB7D" box="[782,915,1890,1916]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Neocharon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A41EF88DFC55DB7D" box="[782,915,1890,1916]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">S. moultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., AMCC [LP 12168, 12169]) exhibit characters consistent with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF59FF13A6E5F869FD0ADBA0" author="Gravely F. H." box="[501,716,1926,1953]" firstAuthor="Gravely's" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="433 - 455" part="11" refId="ref149126" refString="Gravely F. H. 1915 b. A revision of the Oriental subfamilies of Tarantulidae (order Pedipalpi). Records of the Indian Museum 11: 433 - 455." title="A revision of the Oriental subfamilies of Tarantulidae (order Pedipalpi)" type="journal article" year="1915" yearSuffix="b">Gravely’s (1915b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF59FF13A47EF868FC35DBA1" box="[878,1011,1926,1953]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Neocharon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A47EF868FC35DBA1" box="[878,1011,1926,1953]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">S. moultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, e.g., high numbers of spines on the pedipalp patella and three spines on the pedipalp tarsus, characters which are also diagnostic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF59FF13A7ADF820FEFDDBE9" authorityName="Rahmadi, Harvey & Kojima" authorityYear="2010" box="[189,315,1998,2025]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yayukae">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A7ADF820FEFDDBE9" box="[189,315,1998,2025]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">S. yayukae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF59FF13A6DCF820FD94DBE9" box="[460,594,1998,2025]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Neocharon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A6DCF820FD94DBE9" box="[460,594,1998,2025]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">S. moultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be a senior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF59FF13A4A0F820FBE8DBE9" authorityName="Rahmadi, Harvey & Kojima" authorityYear="2010" box="[944,1070,1998,2025]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yayukae">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A4A0F820FBE8DBE9" box="[944,1070,1998,2025]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">S. yayukae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF59FF13A32DF821FAF9DBE9" author="Rahmadi C. & Kojima J." box="[1085,1343,1998,2024]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rahmadi" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="475 - 484" part="38" refId="ref152642" refString="Rahmadi C. & Kojima J. - i. 2010. Whip spiders of the genus Sarax in the Papuan region, with description of two new species (Amblypygi: Charinidae). Journal of Arachnology 38: 475 - 484. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / Ha 09 - 95.1" title="Whip spiders of the genus Sarax in the Papuan region, with description of two new species (Amblypygi: Charinidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Rahmadi
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF59FF13A3BFF820FB2CDBE9" box="[1199,1258,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF58FF12A677FEE6FE2DDD22" box="[359,491,265,291]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Neocharon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF58FF12A677FEE6FE2DDD22" box="[359,491,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">S. moultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be a charinid. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="D8511CC1FF58FF12A401FEE6FCBEDD22" box="[785,888,265,291]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF58FF12A48BFEE6FBD9DD22" box="[923,1055,265,291]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Neocharon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF58FF12A48BFEE6FBD9DD22" box="[923,1055,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">S. moultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
must be examined to confirm the synonymy; however,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF58FF12A6F8FEC2FD2ADD46" author="Rahmadi C. & Kojima J." box="[488,748,301,328]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rahmadi" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" pagination="475 - 484" part="38" refId="ref152642" refString="Rahmadi C. & Kojima J. - i. 2010. Whip spiders of the genus Sarax in the Papuan region, with description of two new species (Amblypygi: Charinidae). Journal of Arachnology 38: 475 - 484. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / Ha 09 - 95.1" title="Whip spiders of the genus Sarax in the Papuan region, with description of two new species (Amblypygi: Charinidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Rahmadi
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF58FF12A54BFEC1FD48DD46" box="[603,654,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested it may be lost. Until that is established with certainty, it is appropriate to transfer
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF58FF12A56CFEBDFCC2DD6A" box="[636,772,337,364]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Neocharon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF58FF12A56CFEBDFCC2DD6A" box="[636,772,337,364]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">S. moultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF58FF12A4B8FEBDFC2ADD6D" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[936,1004,338,364]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF58FF12A4B8FEBDFC2ADD6D" box="[936,1004,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Sarax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the evidence available. Due to the lack of characters in the literature allowing a precise identification of the species and the lack of type material, it is suggested here that the species is a nomen dubium until further clarification of its taxonomy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0755A263FF58FF12A7ADFDEFFBEBDEAA" blockId="193.[187,1399,512,684]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF58FF12A7ADFDEFFEB9DE1A" author="Quintero D., Jr." box="[189,383,512,539]" editor="Eberhard, W. & Lubin, Y. D. & Robinson B. C." firstAuthor="Quintero" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C." pageId="193" pageNumber="194" pagination="203 - 212" part="1983" refId="ref152451" refString="Quintero D., Jr. 1986. Revision de la clasification de Amblypygidos pulvinados: Creacion de subordenes, una neuva familia y un nuevo genero con tres nuevas especies (Arachnida: Amblypygi). In: Eberhard, W. G, Lubin, Y. D. & Robinson B. C. (eds) Proceedings of the 9 th International Congress of Arachnology, Panama 1983: 203 - 212. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C." title="Revision de la clasification de Amblypygidos pulvinados: Creacion de subordenes, una neuva familia y un nuevo genero con tres nuevas especies (Arachnida: Amblypygi)" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Proceedings of the 9 th International Congress of Arachnology, Panama" year="1986">Quintero (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided two SEM images of the pedipalp patella and tarsus of a specimen from Sebesi,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C52E6C81FF58FF12A60AFDCAFEB9DE3E" box="[282,383,549,575]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7FFDE2F3FF58FF12A69CFDCAFDC7DE3E" box="[396,513,549,575]" name="Indonesia" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF58FF12A5B8FDCAFCF6DE3E" box="[680,816,549,575]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Neocharon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF58FF12A5B8FDCAFCF6DE3E" box="[680,816,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">S. moultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the spination of that specimen differs considerably from what was described and illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF58FF12A442FDA6FBD5DE65" author="Gravely F. H." box="[850,1043,585,612]" firstAuthor="Gravely" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" pagination="433 - 455" part="11" refId="ref149126" refString="Gravely F. H. 1915 b. A revision of the Oriental subfamilies of Tarantulidae (order Pedipalpi). Records of the Indian Museum 11: 433 - 455." title="A revision of the Oriental subfamilies of Tarantulidae (order Pedipalpi)" type="journal article" year="1915" yearSuffix="b">Gravely (1915b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF58FF12A351FDA6FB03DE62" box="[1089,1221,585,611]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Neocharon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF58FF12A351FDA6FB03DE62" box="[1089,1221,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">S. moultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The specimen illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF58FF12A674FD82FDE2DE89" author="Quintero D., Jr." box="[356,548,621,648]" editor="Eberhard, W. & Lubin, Y. D. & Robinson B. C." firstAuthor="Quintero" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C." pageId="193" pageNumber="194" pagination="203 - 212" part="1983" refId="ref152451" refString="Quintero D., Jr. 1986. Revision de la clasification de Amblypygidos pulvinados: Creacion de subordenes, una neuva familia y un nuevo genero con tres nuevas especies (Arachnida: Amblypygi). In: Eberhard, W. G, Lubin, Y. D. & Robinson B. C. (eds) Proceedings of the 9 th International Congress of Arachnology, Panama 1983: 203 - 212. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C." title="Revision de la clasification de Amblypygidos pulvinados: Creacion de subordenes, una neuva familia y un nuevo genero con tres nuevas especies (Arachnida: Amblypygi)" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Proceedings of the 9 th International Congress of Arachnology, Panama" year="1986">Quintero (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is congeneric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF58FF12A40AFD81FC4FDE89" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1889" box="[794,905,622,648]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Catageus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF58FF12A40AFD81FC4FDE89" box="[794,905,622,648]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Catageus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a senior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF58FF12A38FFD82FAF9DE86" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1895" box="[1183,1343,621,647]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Stygophrynus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF58FF12A38FFD82FAF9DE86" box="[1183,1343,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Stygophrynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but cannot be assigned to any known species based on the characters provided.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |