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<document id="1D3936F690C0B5BE61460220611A3ACF" ID-CLB-Dataset="4042" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2021.772.1505" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b65bb5a9-bbe7-49a4-af44-4b4c03121288" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5536410" ID-ZooBank="9B82A32F-0A07-47E3-8684-FED7C8EBF1E9" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1632919496065" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Miranda, Gustavo Silva de, Giupponi, Alessandro P. L., Prendini, Lorenzo &amp; Scharff, Nikolaj" docDate="2021" docId="8F431375FF36FF62A5B2FAFFFCB3DE11" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-772_1-409.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 772" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.772.1505" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Sarax bilua Miranda &amp; Giupponi &amp; Prendini &amp; Scharff 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="459C6DC3-F213-40BB-A67B-3F4B0A048074" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="178" masterDocId="737A6B0DFF99FFD3A710FFEFFFC6DC01" masterDocTitle="Systematic revision of the pantropical whip spider family Charinidae Quintero, 1986 (Arachnida, Amblypygi)" masterLastPageNumber="409" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="176" updateTime="1699416367315" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="30CB0AD92AE523CC6D30C5988C55C7D9">Systematic revision of the pantropical whip spider family Charinidae Quintero, 1986 (Arachnida, Amblypygi)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="96626B4F324CF3D842582270E7D78ECD">Miranda, Gustavo Silva de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5EB6AB32F572E3784660D4462FF10162">Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. &amp; Entomology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="726E123E920366FF2B67F57DC71349BF" type="email">smiranda.gustavo@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="57EDB0C0E43715B05FFB6053EA41471C">Giupponi, Alessandro P. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A09A9AD1A6BB9415488D97FF455361B1">Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, LIRN-IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D338B84121F36707512579C8C59A4E2D" type="email">agiupponi@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D5403A016B30B60ABD94940D63E383C4">Prendini, Lorenzo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="34119FC6EEAA494C7F1627EF211B5020">Arachnology Lab, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8B5FAFECD4C857FFDCCA74FEFEA38DFF" type="email">lorenzo@amnh.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E89CA0936227C16334454CAE4000B088">Scharff, Nikolaj</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3C6D5DD88C0A986BE30CB7887C71B4B7">Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. &amp; Entomology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA. &amp; Zoology Section, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="8F431375FF36FF62A5B2FAFFFCB3DE11" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536878" ID-GBIF-Taxon="188640183" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5536878" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:459C6DC3-F213-40BB-A67B-3F4B0A048074" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F431375FF36FF62A5B2FAFFFCB3DE11" lastPageId="177" lastPageNumber="178" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF36FF7CA5B2FAFFFC54D92B" box="[674,914,1295,1322]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0755A263FF36FF7CA5B2FAFFFC54D92B" blockId="175.[367,1221,1295,1391]" box="[674,914,1295,1322]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
<heading id="5C1D150FFF36FF7CA5B2FAFFFC54D92B" box="[674,914,1295,1322]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF36FF7CA5B2FAFFFCF6D92B" ID-CoL="8VNDQ" authority="Miranda &amp; Giupponi &amp; Prendini &amp; Scharff, 2021" authorityName="Miranda &amp; Giupponi &amp; Prendini &amp; Scharff" authorityYear="2021" box="[674,816,1295,1322]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilua" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF36FF7CA5B2FAFFFCF6D92B" bold="true" box="[674,816,1295,1322]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Sarax bilua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2EADC30AFF36FF7CA428FAFFFC54D92B" box="[824,914,1296,1322]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF36FF7CA67FFADDFC7CD96F" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" type="description">
<paragraph id="0755A263FF36FF7CA67FFADDFB03D94C" blockId="175.[367,1221,1295,1391]" box="[367,1221,1330,1357]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
<uri id="737BAE61FF36FF7CA67FFADDFB03D94C" box="[367,1221,1330,1357]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF36FF7CA569FABBFC7CD96F" blockId="175.[367,1221,1295,1391]" box="[633,954,1364,1391]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FF36FF7CA569FABBFD27D96F" box="[633,737,1364,1390]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="358.[189,232,1232,1258]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-33@358.[189,1398,265,1187]" captionTargetPageId="358" captionText="Fig. 103. Map plotting known distributions of species of Sarax Simon, 1892 in Southeast Asia and Oceania, with insets for Singapore (A), eastern Borneo (B), and western West Papua (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5536674/files/figure.png" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Figs 103</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FF36FF7CA5FEFABBFC9ED96E" box="[750,856,1364,1391]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="360.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionStartId-1="361.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionStartId-2="362.[189,232,1235,1261]" captionTargetBox-0="[243,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,265,1837]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1398,265,1180]" captionTargetId-0="figure-54@360.[242,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetId-1="figure-55@361.[189,1399,265,1838]" captionTargetId-2="figure-46@362.[189,1399,265,1180]" captionTargetPageId-0="360" captionTargetPageId-1="361" captionTargetPageId-2="362" captionText-0="Fig. 105. Sarax bilua sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 5564]), general morphology, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A, E–F = 1 mm; B–D = 0.5 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 106. Sarax bilua sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 5564]), female gonopod and genital operculum. A. Plungerlike gonopod, dorsal view. B. Posterior margin of genital operculum, ventral view. C. Gonopods, posterior view. D. Genital operculum between gonopods. E. Glandular openings on margin of genital operculum. F. Inside gonopod projection." captionText-2="Fig. 107. Sarax bilua sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 5564]), antenniform leg I, ♀. A. Apex of distal article of tarsus showing claw and tarsal organ, lateral view. B. Claw and tarsal organ, frontal view. C. Tarsal organ. D. Rod sensilla and setae." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536680" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536684" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536688" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5536680/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5536684/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5536688/files/figure.png" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">105–107</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="4A6897D8FF36FF7CA473FABBFC7CD96F" box="[867,954,1364,1390]" captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="173.[181,251,561,590]" captionTargetBox="[181,1931,647,1727]" captionTargetId="graphics-34@173.[181,1935,672,1729]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="Table 8 (continued on next page). Measurements of all Asian Sarax Simon, 1892." pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Table 8</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF36FF7CA7ADFA7BFDD0DAEB" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0755A263FF36FF7CA7ADFA7BFEF0D9AF" blockId="175.[189,310,1428,1454]" box="[189,310,1428,1454]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
<heading id="5C1D150FFF36FF7CA7ADFA7BFEF0D9AF" bold="true" box="[189,310,1428,1454]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" reason="3">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF36FF7CA7ADFA7BFEF0D9AF" bold="true" box="[189,310,1428,1454]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF36FF7CA7ADFA2DFB9EDA86" blockId="175.[186,1399,1474,1672]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
This species may be separated from other species of
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF36FF7CA41EFA2CFC94D9DC" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[782,850,1475,1501]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF36FF7CA41EFA2CFC94D9DC" box="[782,850,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Sarax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Southeast Asia and Oceania by the following combination of characters: chelicera without retrolateral tooth on basal segment opposite to bifid tooth; cheliceral claw with three teeth; pedipalp femur with four or five dorsal spines and four or five ventral spines (
<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FF36FF7CA605F9C6FE6BDA45" box="[277,429,1577,1604]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="360.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[243,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-54@360.[242,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetPageId="360" captionText="Fig. 105. Sarax bilua sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 5564]), general morphology, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A, E–F = 1 mm; B–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5536680/files/figure.png" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Fig. 105E–F</figureCitation>
); pedipalp patella with three dorsal spines and two ventral spines (
<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FF36FF7CA3B8F9C6FA86DA45" box="[1192,1344,1577,1604]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="360.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[243,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-54@360.[242,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetPageId="360" captionText="Fig. 105. Sarax bilua sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 5564]), general morphology, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A, E–F = 1 mm; B–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5536680/files/figure.png" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Fig. 105E–F</figureCitation>
); leg IV basitibia with four pseudo-articles and trichobothrium
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF36FF7CA47EF9A4FC43DA64" box="[878,901,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">bt</emphasis>
situated distally; distitibia trichobothrium
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF36FF7CA7AEF982FF1CDA86" box="[190,218,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">bc</emphasis>
situated closer to
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF36FF7CA6BEF982FE03DA86" box="[430,453,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">bf</emphasis>
than to
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF36FF7CA534F982FD80DA86" box="[548,582,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">sbf</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF36FF7CA546F981FDA8DA86" box="[598,622,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">sc</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF36FF7CA5B7F982FD7DDA86" box="[679,699,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">sf</emphasis>
series each with five trichobothria.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF36FF7CA7ADF941FDD0DAEB" blockId="175.[189,1398,1710,1771]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
This species resembles
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF36FF7CA6CDF941FD5ADAC9" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[477,668,1710,1736]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawakensis">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF36FF7CA6CDF941FD5ADAC9" box="[477,668,1710,1736]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">S. sarawakensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but possesses fewer teeth on the cheliceral claw and more spines on the pedipalp femur.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF36FF7CA7ADF8FEFC18DB7B" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0755A263FF36FF7CA7ADF8FEFE82DB2A" blockId="175.[189,324,1809,1835]" box="[189,324,1809,1835]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
<heading id="5C1D150FFF36FF7CA7ADF8FEFE82DB2A" bold="true" box="[189,324,1809,1835]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" reason="3">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF36FF7CA7ADF8FEFE82DB2A" bold="true" box="[189,324,1809,1835]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF36FF7CA7ADF8D1FC18DB7B" blockId="175.[189,1398,1854,1915]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
The species name is a noun in apposition, taken from bilua, the most common Papuan language spoken in the
<collectingCountry id="7FFDE2F3FF36FF7CA616F88FFE0BDB7B" box="[262,461,1888,1914]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
, by the people on the island of Vella Lavella.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF36FF63A7ADF84EFB0ADDD5" lastPageId="176" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0755A263FF36FF7CA7ADF84EFEAADBBB" blockId="175.[189,364,1952,1979]" box="[189,364,1952,1979]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
<heading id="5C1D150FFF36FF7CA7ADF84EFEAADBBB" bold="true" box="[189,364,1952,1979]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" reason="3">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF36FF7CA7ADF84EFEAADBBB" bold="true" box="[189,364,1952,1979]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Type material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF36FF63A7FAF821FE5FDD6D" blockId="175.[234,348,1998,2024]" lastBlockId="176.[189,1399,263,364]" lastPageId="176" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
<materialsCitation id="B782A83EFF36FF63A7FAF821FE5FDD6D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3383565785" collectedFrom="rainforest, under rotten log" collectingDate="2004-10-25" collectionCode="AMCC" collectorName="C. Sirno &amp; R. Wys &amp; L. Monod" country="Solomon Islands" county="MBuna Poro Village" lastPageId="176" lastPageNumber="177" latitude="-7.7587667" location="Western Province" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="156.66527" municipality="Vella Lavella Island" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" specimenCode="LP 5564" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF36FF7CA7FAF821FE9ADBE9" bold="true" box="[234,348,1998,2024]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
<typeStatus id="D8511CC1FF36FF7CA7FAF821FE9ADBE9" box="[234,348,1998,2024]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="7FFDE2F3FF29FF63A7ADFEE6FE09DD22" box="[189,463,265,291]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">SOLOMON ISLANDS</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="11EC69EAFF29FF63A6F4FEE5FE3DDD25" box="[484,507,266,292]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
;
<location id="0235F4B8FF29FF63A517FEE5FD10DD22" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F431375FF36FF62A5B2FAFFFCB3DE11:0235F4B8FF29FF63A517FEE5FD10DD22" box="[519,726,265,292]" country="Solomon Islands" county="MBuna Poro Village" latitude="-7.7587667" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="156.66527" municipality="Vella Lavella Island" name="Western Province" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Western Province</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="E7313819FF29FF63A5CFFEE6FC0FDD22" box="[735,969,265,291]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Vella Lavella Island</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="EE34DAEFFF29FF63A4C2FEE5FB05DD22" box="[978,1219,265,292]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">MBuna Poro Village</collectingCounty>
;
<geoCoordinate id="62DEC4A4FF29FF63A3DDFEE8FAB7DD22" box="[1229,1393,263,291]" degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" precision="1" seconds="31.56" value="-7.7587667">7°45′31.56″ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="62DEC4A4FF29FF63A7ADFEC4FEA3DD46" box="[189,357,299,327]" degrees="156" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" precision="15" seconds="55" value="156.66527">156°39′55″ E</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="735484A3FF29FF63A668FEC3FDE7DD46" box="[376,545,300,327]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" value="2004-10-25">
<collectingDate id="63107D4BFF29FF63A668FEC3FDE7DD46" box="[376,545,300,327]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" value="2004-10-25">25 Oct. 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="AA1FC7B5FF29FF63A524FEC2FD59DD46" box="[564,671,301,327]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">C. Sirno</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="AA1FC7B5FF29FF63A5A2FEC2FCC8DD46" box="[690,782,301,327]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">R. Wys</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="AA1FC7B5FF29FF63A445FEC2FC17DD46" box="[853,977,301,327]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">L. Monod</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectedFrom id="B4F6E19EFF29FF63A330FEC2FAB4DD46" box="[1056,1394,301,327]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">rainforest, under rotten log</collectedFrom>
;
<collectionCode id="61FB3AA6FF29FF63A7ADFEBDFED5DD6D" box="[189,275,338,364]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m0b5-nwmg" name="Ambrose Monell Cryo Collection, American Museum of Natural History" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">AMCC</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="574C0A18FF29FF63A631FEBDFE48DD6D" box="[289,398,337,364]" collectionCode="LP" country="Russia" name="Laboratory of Palaeontology" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">LP 5564</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF29FF63A7FAFE7AFB0ADDD5" blockId="176.[189,1228,405,468]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<materialsCitation id="B782A83EFF29FF63A7FAFE7AFB0EDDD5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3383565441" collectedFrom="rainforest, under rotten log" collectingDate="2004-10-25" collectionCode="AMCC" collectorName="C. Sirno &amp; R. Wys &amp; L. Monod" country="Solomon Islands" county="Poro Village" latitude="-7.7587667" location="SOLOMON ISLANDS" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="156.66527" municipality="Vella Lavella Island" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" specimenCode="LP 5564" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF29FF63A7FAFE7AFEA1DDAE" bold="true" box="[234,359,405,431]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<typeStatus id="D8511CC1FF29FF63A7FAFE7AFEA1DDAE" box="[234,359,405,431]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="7FFDE2F3FF29FF63A7ADFE55FE17DDD5" box="[189,465,442,468]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">SOLOMON ISLANDS</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="11EC69EAFF29FF63A6FAFE55FDEBDDD5" box="[490,557,442,468]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for holotype;
<collectionCode id="61FB3AA6FF29FF63A4E0FE55FB80DDD5" box="[1008,1094,442,468]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m0b5-nwmg" name="Ambrose Monell Cryo Collection, American Museum of Natural History" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">AMCC</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="574C0A18FF29FF63A345FE55FB07DDD5" box="[1109,1217,441,468]" collectionCode="LP" country="Russia" name="Laboratory of Palaeontology" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">LP 5564</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF29FF63A7ADFE12FE8ADBE9" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="description">
<paragraph id="0755A263FF29FF63A7ADFE12FE88DE16" blockId="176.[189,334,509,535]" box="[189,334,509,535]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<heading id="5C1D150FFF29FF63A7ADFE12FE88DE16" bold="true" box="[189,334,509,535]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" reason="3">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF29FF63A7ADFE12FE88DE16" bold="true" box="[189,334,509,535]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF29FF63A7ADFDC2FD39DEDD" blockId="176.[188,1400,557,732]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
CARAPACE. Six anterior setae (
<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FF29FF63A53DFDC2FD14DE46" box="[557,722,557,584]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="360.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[243,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-54@360.[242,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetPageId="360" captionText="Fig. 105. Sarax bilua sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 5564]), general morphology, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A, E–F = 1 mm; B–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5536680/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 105A, C</figureCitation>
); frontal process triangular (
<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FF29FF63A33EFDC2FB6ADE49" box="[1070,1196,557,584]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="360.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[243,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-54@360.[242,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetPageId="360" captionText="Fig. 105. Sarax bilua sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 5564]), general morphology, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A, E–F = 1 mm; B–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5536680/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 105C</figureCitation>
). Small granules densely scattered between ocular triads and among sulci. Median eyes well developed (
<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FF29FF63A3D8FDBDFAAEDE6D" box="[1224,1384,594,621]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="360.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[243,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-54@360.[242,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetPageId="360" captionText="Fig. 105. Sarax bilua sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 5564]), general morphology, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A, E–F = 1 mm; B–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5536680/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 105A, C</figureCitation>
); median ocular tubercle reduced; pair of setae on median ocular tubercle; lateral eyes well developed, seta lateral to lateral ocular triad; lateral ocular triad near carapace margin; curved carina between ocular triads and lateral margin of carapace (
<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FF29FF63A567FD2EFD37DEDD" box="[631,753,705,732]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="360.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[243,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-54@360.[242,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetPageId="360" captionText="Fig. 105. Sarax bilua sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 5564]), general morphology, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A, E–F = 1 mm; B–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5536680/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 105C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF29FF63A7ADFCEBFBF2DF69" blockId="176.[189,1399,772,872]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
STERNUM. Tritosternum anteriorly projected with typical setation (
<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FF29FF63A4CEFCEBFB9DDF1E" box="[990,1115,772,799]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="360.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[243,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-54@360.[242,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetPageId="360" captionText="Fig. 105. Sarax bilua sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 5564]), general morphology, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A, E–F = 1 mm; B–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5536680/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 105B</figureCitation>
); other sternal platelets narrow and concave, with pair of setae anteriorly on plaque and some smaller setae posteriorly; pentasternum four setae anteriorly and without seta on membranous region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF29FF63A7ADFC7EFC98DFAA" blockId="176.[189,862,913,939]" box="[189,862,913,939]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">OPISTHOSOMA. Ventral sacs and ventral sac cover present.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF29FF63A7ADFC3BFEF4D883" blockId="176.[187,1401,980,1154]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
GENITALIA. Female genital operculum with prominent setae posteromedially and some smaller setae near margin, without bulges medially (
<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FF29FF63A542FC16FD35D815" box="[594,755,1017,1044]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="361.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-55@361.[189,1399,265,1838]" captionTargetPageId="361" captionText="Fig. 106. Sarax bilua sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 5564]), female gonopod and genital operculum. A. Plungerlike gonopod, dorsal view. B. Posterior margin of genital operculum, ventral view. C. Gonopods, posterior view. D. Genital operculum between gonopods. E. Glandular openings on margin of genital operculum. F. Inside gonopod projection." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5536684/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 106A–C</figureCitation>
); gonopod with pair of short, plunger-like submedian lobes unsclerotized basally (
<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FF29FF63A517FBF1FD79D839" box="[519,703,1054,1080]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="361.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-55@361.[189,1399,265,1838]" captionTargetPageId="361" captionText="Fig. 106. Sarax bilua sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 5564]), female gonopod and genital operculum. A. Plungerlike gonopod, dorsal view. B. Posterior margin of genital operculum, ventral view. C. Gonopods, posterior view. D. Genital operculum between gonopods. E. Glandular openings on margin of genital operculum. F. Inside gonopod projection." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5536684/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 106A, C, F</figureCitation>
); denticulate surface between gonopod and posterior margin of genital operculum (
<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FF29FF63A6AFFBACFDFDD85F" box="[447,571,1091,1118]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="361.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-55@361.[189,1399,265,1838]" captionTargetPageId="361" captionText="Fig. 106. Sarax bilua sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 5564]), female gonopod and genital operculum. A. Plungerlike gonopod, dorsal view. B. Posterior margin of genital operculum, ventral view. C. Gonopods, posterior view. D. Genital operculum between gonopods. E. Glandular openings on margin of genital operculum. F. Inside gonopod projection." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5536684/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 106D</figureCitation>
); slit sensilla on lateral margin of genital operculum (
<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FF29FF63A3BCFBACFAE3D85F" box="[1196,1317,1091,1118]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="361.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-55@361.[189,1399,265,1838]" captionTargetPageId="361" captionText="Fig. 106. Sarax bilua sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 5564]), female gonopod and genital operculum. A. Plungerlike gonopod, dorsal view. B. Posterior margin of genital operculum, ventral view. C. Gonopods, posterior view. D. Genital operculum between gonopods. E. Glandular openings on margin of genital operculum. F. Inside gonopod projection." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5536684/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 106E</figureCitation>
). Male unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF29FF63A7ADFB44FE4BD935" blockId="176.[189,1399,1195,1332]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">CHELICERAE. Basal segment without tooth on retrolateral surface, opposite to bifid tooth; retrolateral surface of claw with continuous row of setae, basally to medially; claw with three teeth; row of around ten setae on prolateral surface of basal segment; bifid tooth on basal segment with dorsal cusp larger than ventral cusp.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF29FF63A7ADFAB2FDCCDA9E" blockId="176.[188,1400,1373,1695]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
PEDIPALPS. Coxae with seta encircled by round carina and three setae on margin. Femur with four or five dorsal spines and four or five ventral spines (
<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FF29FF63A413FA6DFC5FD99D" box="[771,921,1409,1436]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="360.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[243,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-54@360.[242,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetPageId="360" captionText="Fig. 105. Sarax bilua sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 5564]), general morphology, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A, E–F = 1 mm; B–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5536680/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 105E–F</figureCitation>
); long spine between ventral spine 1 and proximal margin; three prominent setiferous tubercles between dorsal spine 1 and proximal margin. Patella with three dorsal spines in primary series (
<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FF29FF63A40CFA24FC51D9E7" box="[796,919,1483,1510]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="360.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[243,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-54@360.[242,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetPageId="360" captionText="Fig. 105. Sarax bilua sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 5564]), general morphology, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A, E–F = 1 mm; B–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5536680/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 105E</figureCitation>
); prominent setiferous tubercle distal to dorsal spine I, one-third length of spine I; two prominent setiferous tubercles proximal to dorsal spine III; two ventral spines; long setiferous tubercle proximal to spine II and prominent setiferous tubercle between spine I and distal margin. Tibia with ventral spine distally and three or four setae between spine and distal margin. Tarsus with one dorsal spine, one-fifth length of tarsus (
<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FF29FF63A323F9B0FB77DA7B" box="[1075,1201,1631,1658]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="360.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[243,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-54@360.[242,1345,265,1902]" captionTargetPageId="360" captionText="Fig. 105. Sarax bilua sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 5564]), general morphology, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A, E–F = 1 mm; B–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5536680/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 105D</figureCitation>
); cleaning organ with 30 setae in ventral row.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF29FF63A7ADF928FAC9DB74" blockId="176.[189,1399,1735,1909]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
LEGS. Tibia of leg I with 23 articles; tarsus I with 41 articles; tarsal organ situated near base of claw (
<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FF29FF63A7D8F903FEA1DB07" box="[200,359,1772,1798]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="362.[189,232,1235,1261]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1180]" captionTargetId="figure-46@362.[189,1399,265,1180]" captionTargetPageId="362" captionText="Fig. 107. Sarax bilua sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 5564]), antenniform leg I, ♀. A. Apex of distal article of tarsus showing claw and tarsal organ, lateral view. B. Claw and tarsal organ, frontal view. C. Tarsal organ. D. Rod sensilla and setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5536688/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 107A–C</figureCitation>
); rod sensilla with four setae in shallow groove (
<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FF29FF63A4AAF903FBFFDB07" box="[954,1081,1772,1798]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="362.[189,232,1235,1261]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1180]" captionTargetId="figure-46@362.[189,1399,265,1180]" captionTargetPageId="362" captionText="Fig. 107. Sarax bilua sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 5564]), antenniform leg I, ♀. A. Apex of distal article of tarsus showing claw and tarsal organ, lateral view. B. Claw and tarsal organ, frontal view. C. Tarsal organ. D. Rod sensilla and setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5536688/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 107D</figureCitation>
); first tarsal article similar in length to second article. Leg IV basitibia with four pseudo-articles, without sclerotized, denticulate projection at apex of articles; trichobothrium
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF29FF63A5E1F8D9FCCEDB51" box="[753,776,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">bt</emphasis>
situated in distal third of pseudo-article; distitibia trichobothrium
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF29FF63A664F8B4FE56DB74" box="[372,400,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">bc</emphasis>
situated closer to
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF29FF63A575F8B4FDBADB74" box="[613,636,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">bf</emphasis>
than to s
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF29FF63A5F7F8B4FD38DB74" box="[743,766,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">bf</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF29FF63A41DF8B3FCE3DB74" box="[781,805,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">sc</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF29FF63A44FF8B4FCB5DB74" box="[863,883,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">sf</emphasis>
series each with five trichobothria.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF29FF63A7ADF871FEB3DBB9" blockId="176.[189,373,1950,1976]" box="[189,373,1950,1976]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<heading id="5C1D150FFF29FF63A7ADF871FEB3DBB9" bold="true" box="[189,373,1950,1976]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" reason="3">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF29FF63A7ADF871FEB3DBB9" bold="true" box="[189,373,1950,1976]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Measurements</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF29FF63A7ADF821FE8ADBE9" blockId="176.[189,332,1998,2024]" box="[189,332,1998,2024]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
See
<tableCitation id="4A6897D8FF29FF63A7FEF821FE81DBE9" box="[238,327,1998,2024]" captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="173.[181,251,561,590]" captionTargetBox="[181,1931,647,1727]" captionTargetId="graphics-34@173.[181,1935,672,1729]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="Table 8 (continued on next page). Measurements of all Asian Sarax Simon, 1892." pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Table 8</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF28FF62A7ADFEE7FD9FDD52" box="[189,601,264,339]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0755A263FF28FF62A7ADFEE7FE90DD23" blockId="177.[189,342,264,290]" box="[189,342,264,290]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">
<heading id="5C1D150FFF28FF62A7ADFEE7FE90DD23" bold="true" box="[189,342,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" reason="3">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF28FF62A7ADFEE7FE90DD23" bold="true" box="[189,342,264,290]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF28FF62A7ADFED6FD9FDD52" blockId="177.[189,601,313,339]" box="[189,601,313,339]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">
Known only from the
<typeStatus id="D8511CC1FF28FF62A6D2FED6FE33DD52" box="[450,501,313,339]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF28FF62A7ADFE93FCB3DE11" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="0755A263FF28FF62A7ADFE93FEB8DD97" blockId="177.[189,382,380,406]" box="[189,382,380,406]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">
<heading id="5C1D150FFF28FF62A7ADFE93FEB8DD97" bold="true" box="[189,382,380,406]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" reason="3">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF28FF62A7ADFE93FEB8DD97" bold="true" box="[189,382,380,406]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Natural history</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF28FF62A7ADFE43FCB3DE11" blockId="177.[189,1399,428,528]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">The three ovigerous females are different sizes, suggesting different developmental stages. The small female does not appear to be a fully developed adult and the possession of eggs at an early stage of development suggests this species may be parthenogenetic.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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