219 lines
26 KiB
XML
219 lines
26 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="48CB20DF67C840A4B54A06B0167352A6">Systematic revision of the pantropical whip spider family Charinidae Quintero, 1986 (Arachnida, Amblypygi)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="39FBF67E940F01DAF82D4B3FD9EF4FEE">Miranda, Gustavo Silva de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D6947251423D89F68C334B9E1AA40ABF">Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. & Entomology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="31CBE5A6C7F22DD5A0D4AFC2D892C2D6">Giupponi, Alessandro P. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B98999A50DF5A0B5A580C7968713D47D">Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, LIRN-IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C6E424BC50A836AFB7A103FB98B40FB5">Prendini, Lorenzo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D95C3D1A265E07BD4B2068EBB39DF0D8">Arachnology Lab, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="50FFE9D2A0275F99BEF7E8F6762A04C9">Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. & Entomology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA. & Zoology Section, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="8F431375FF13FF59A6E3FDBAFDE5DAD6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536845" ID-GBIF-Taxon="188640224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5536845" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F431375FF13FF59A6E3FDBAFDE5DAD6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F431375FF13FF59A6E3FDBAFDE5DAD6" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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<emphasis id="359E7E71FF13FF59A6E3FDBAFD22DE71" bold="true" box="[499,740,597,624]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Charinus diblemma</emphasis>
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Simon, 1936
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, nomen dubium
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<emphasis id="359E7E71FF13FF59A7ADFD77FE60DEB3" box="[189,422,664,690]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Charinus diblemma</emphasis>
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Simon
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in
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<treatmentCitation id="864B8472FF13FF59A50FFD76FC94DEB2" author="Fage L. & Simon E." box="[543,850,664,691]" page="301" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" year="1936">
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<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF13FF59A50FFD76FC94DEB2" author="Fage L. & Simon E." box="[543,850,664,691]" firstAuthor="Fage" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris" page="301" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" pagination="293 - 340" part="4" refId="ref148210" refString="Fage L. & Simon E. 1936. Mission scientifique de l'Omo, Tome III. - Fascicule 30. Arachnida III. Pedipalpi, Scorpiones, Solifuga et Araneae (1 re partie). Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris 4: 293 - 340." title="Mission scientifique de l'Omo, Tome III. - Fascicule 30. Arachnida III. Pedipalpi, Scorpiones, Solifuga et Araneae (1 re partie)" type="journal article" year="1936">Fage & Simon, 1936: 301</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0755A263FF13FF59A7ADFD34FCAADF1A" blockId="138.[189,1399,731,795]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF13FF59A7ADFD34FE60DEF4" ID-CoL="8VLXG" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1936" box="[189,422,731,757]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Charinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diblemma">
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<emphasis id="359E7E71FF13FF59A7ADFD34FE60DEF4" box="[189,422,731,757]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Charinus diblemma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="864B8472FF13FF59A6D4FD33FDB8DEF7" author="Fage L." box="[452,638,731,758]" page="155" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" year="1939">
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<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF13FF59A6D4FD33FDB8DEF7" author="Fage L." box="[452,638,731,758]" firstAuthor="Fage" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France" page="155" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" pagination="153 - 160" part="44" refId="ref148068" refString="Fage L. 1939. Les Pedipalpes africains du genre Charinus a propos d'une espece nouvelle du Fouta- Djalon: Charinus milloti, n. sp. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France 44: 153 - 160." title="Les Pedipalpes africains du genre Charinus a propos d'une espece nouvelle du Fouta- Djalon: Charinus milloti, n. sp" type="journal article" year="1939">Fage 1939: 155</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
. —
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||
<treatmentCitation id="864B8472FF13FF59A5BEFD34FC76DEF4" author="Weygoldt P." box="[686,944,731,757]" page="123" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" year="1972">
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<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF13FF59A5BEFD34FC76DEF4" author="Weygoldt P." box="[686,944,731,757]" firstAuthor="Weygoldt" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere" page="123" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" pagination="107 - 132" part="99" refId="ref155535" refString="Weygoldt P. 1972 b. Charontidae (Amblypygi) aus Brasilien. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere 99: 107 - 132." title="Charontidae (Amblypygi) aus Brasilien" type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="b">Weygoldt 1972b: 123</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="864B8472FF13FF59A4ACFD34FBF1DEF4" author="Weygoldt P." box="[956,1079,731,757]" page="244" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" year="1994">
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<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF13FF59A4ACFD34FBF1DEF4" author="Weygoldt P." box="[956,1079,731,757]" editor="Juberthie C. & Decu V." firstAuthor="Weygoldt" journalOrPublisher="Societe de Biospeologie, Moulis and Bucarest" page="244" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" pagination="241 - 247" refId="ref155707" refString="Weygoldt P. 1994. Amblypygi. In: Juberthie C. & Decu V. (eds) Encyclopaedia Biospeologica: 241 - 247. Societe de Biospeologie, Moulis and Bucarest." title="Amblypygi" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Encyclopaedia Biospeologica" year="1994">1994: 244</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="864B8472FF13FF59A353FD34FB0DDEF4" author="Weygoldt P." box="[1091,1227,731,757]" page="340" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF13FF59A353FD34FB0DDEF4" author="Weygoldt P." box="[1091,1227,731,757]" firstAuthor="Weygoldt" journalOrPublisher="Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana" page="340" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" pagination="339 - 359" part="78" refId="ref156065" refString="Weygoldt P. 2000 b. African whip spiders. Synopsis of the Amblypygi (Chelicerata: Arachnida) reported from Africa. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 78: 339 - 359." title="African whip spiders. Synopsis of the Amblypygi (Chelicerata: Arachnida) reported from Africa" type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="b">2000b: 340</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, 346. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="864B8472FF13FF59A227FD34FE61DF1A" author="Delle Cave L." page="152" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" year="1986">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF13FF59A227FD34FE61DF1A" author="Delle Cave L." firstAuthor="Delle Cave" journalOrPublisher="Redia" page="152" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" pagination="143 - 170" part="69" refId="ref147657" refString="Delle Cave L. 1986. Biospeleology of the Somaliland Amblypygi (Arachnida, Chelicerata) of the caves of the Showli Berdi and Mugdile (Bardera, Somaliland). Redia 69: 143 - 170." title="Biospeleology of the Somaliland Amblypygi (Arachnida, Chelicerata) of the caves of the Showli Berdi and Mugdile (Bardera, Somaliland)" type="journal article" year="1986">Delle Cave 1986: 152</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. II (designated as nomen dubium).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF13FF59A7ADFCACFD56DFD4" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="0755A263FF13FF59A7ADFCACFE82DF5C" blockId="138.[189,324,835,861]" box="[189,324,835,861]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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<heading id="5C1D150FFF13FF59A7ADFCACFE82DF5C" bold="true" box="[189,324,835,861]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="359E7E71FF13FF59A7ADFCACFE82DF5C" bold="true" box="[189,324,835,861]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0755A263FF13FF59A7ADFC9DFD56DFD4" blockId="138.[189,1398,882,982]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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Although the etymology of the species name was unspecified, ‘
|
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<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF13FF59A4B6FC9DFBDCDF8D" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1936" box="[934,1050,882,908]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Charinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diblemma">
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<emphasis id="359E7E71FF13FF59A4B6FC9DFBDCDF8D" box="[934,1050,882,908]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">diblemma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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’ refers to the presence of two eyes, from the Latin ‘
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<emphasis id="359E7E71FF13FF59A6AFFC78FE10DFB0" box="[447,470,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">di</emphasis>
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-‘ (‘two’) and the Greek ‘
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<emphasis id="359E7E71FF13FF59A417FC78FCA2DFB0" box="[775,868,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">blemma</emphasis>
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’ (‘glance’), as Simon (1936) considered this species to possess only the median pair.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF13FF59A7ADFC11FD0AD893" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="0755A263FF13FF59A7ADFC11FEAAD819" blockId="138.[189,364,1022,1048]" box="[189,364,1022,1048]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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<emphasis id="359E7E71FF13FF59A7ADFC11FEAAD819" bold="true" box="[189,364,1022,1048]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Type material</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0755A263FF13FF59A7FAFBC1FD0AD893" blockId="138.[189,1399,1070,1170]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B782A83EFF13FF59A7FAFBC1FD0AD893" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3383565472" collectingDate="1912-04-24" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Alluaud & Jeannel" country="Tanzania" latitude="-6.2552557" location="Zanzibar Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="39.25875" municipality="Island" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" specimenCode="MNHN 537" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kaskazini Unguja" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF13FF59A7FAFBC1FE9AD849" bold="true" box="[234,348,1070,1096]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<typeStatus id="D8511CC1FF13FF59A7FAFBC1FE9AD849" box="[234,348,1070,1096]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7FFDE2F3FF13FF59A7ADFBBDFE94D86D" box="[189,338,1106,1132]" name="Tanzania" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="11EC69EAFF13FF59A661FBBDFE5AD86D" box="[369,412,1106,1132]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="juvenile">juv</specimenCount>
|
||
.;
|
||
<location id="0235F4B8FF13FF59A6BFFBBDFDABD86D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F431375FF13FF59A6E3FDBAFDE5DAD6:0235F4B8FF13FF59A6BFFBBDFDABD86D" box="[431,621,1106,1132]" country="Tanzania" latitude="-6.2552557" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="39.25875" municipality="Island" name="Zanzibar Island" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" stateProvince="Kaskazini Unguja">Zanzibar Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="0235F4B8FF13FF59A56CFBBDFCA0D86D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F431375FF13FF59A6E3FDBAFDE5DAD6:0235F4B8FF13FF59A56CFBBDFCA0D86D" box="[636,870,1106,1132]" country="Tanzania" latitude="-6.2552557" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="39.25875" municipality="Island" name="Grotte de Haitajwa" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" stateProvince="Kaskazini Unguja">Grotte de Haitajwa</location>
|
||
; [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="62DEC4A4FF13FF59A46CFBBEFBF1D86D" box="[892,1079,1105,1133]" degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" precision="1" seconds="18.92" value="-6.2552557">06°15′18.92″ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="62DEC4A4FF13FF59A358FBBEFAC2D86C" box="[1096,1284,1105,1133]" degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" precision="1" seconds="31.50" value="39.25875">39°15′31.50″ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
];
|
||
<date id="735484A3FF13FF59A20CFBBDFF3DD890" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" value="1912-04-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="63107D4BFF13FF59A20CFBBDFF3DD890" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" value="1912-04-24">24 Apr. 1912</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="AA1FC7B5FF13FF59A616FB98FEA3D890" box="[262,357,1143,1169]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Alluaud</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="AA1FC7B5FF13FF59A68DFB98FE33D890" box="[413,501,1143,1169]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Jeannel</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="574C0A18FF13FF59A527FB98FD0ED893" box="[567,712,1143,1170]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">MNHN 537</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF13FF59A7ADFB55FDE5DAD6" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="0755A263FF13FF59A7ADFB55FEE9D8D5" blockId="138.[189,303,1210,1236]" box="[189,303,1210,1236]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<heading id="5C1D150FFF13FF59A7ADFB55FEE9D8D5" bold="true" box="[189,303,1210,1236]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF13FF59A7ADFB55FEE9D8D5" bold="true" box="[189,303,1210,1236]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0755A263FF13FF59A7ADFB06FEB1DA26" blockId="138.[189,1401,1257,1575]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="D8511CC1FF13FF59A7E7FB06FE98D902" box="[247,350,1257,1283]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is small and very whitish, making it difficult to see details, and the opisthosoma is missing, but some characters could be observed. In the original description, Simon (1936) mentioned that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF13FF59A7E0FADCFE40D94D" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1936" box="[240,390,1330,1357]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Charinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diblemma">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF13FF59A7E0FADCFE40D94D" box="[240,390,1330,1357]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">C. diblemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks lateral eyes, but small, whitish lateral eyes, were evident near the lateral margin of the carapace. The median eyes were also present. The sternum platelets were not yet formed. The cheliceral claw bears five teeth but it was impossible to observe teeth on the basal segment. Two dorsal spines and three ventral spines were evident on the pedipalp femur; three or four dorsal spines and two ventral spines were evident on the patella; and two dorsal spines on the tarsus. The tibia and tarsus of antenniform leg I comprise 21 and 37 articles, respectively. The basitibia of leg IV consists of three pseudo-articles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0755A263FF13FF59A7ADF9BFFDE5DAD6" blockId="138.[188,1399,1616,1752]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
|
||
The immaturity and poor preservation of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="D8511CC1FF13FF59A5D4F9BFFCEDDA6B" box="[708,811,1616,1642]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
renders it impossible to form an opinion regarding the taxonomic validity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF13FF59A6F9F99AFDB9DA8F" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1936" box="[489,639,1652,1679]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Charinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diblemma">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF13FF59A6F9F99AFDB9DA8F" box="[489,639,1652,1679]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">C. diblemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until such time as adults can be collected from the vicinity of the type locality.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF13FF59A64AF976FDF4DAB5" author="Delle Cave L." box="[346,562,1689,1716]" firstAuthor="Delle Cave" journalOrPublisher="Redia" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" pagination="143 - 170" part="69" refId="ref147657" refString="Delle Cave L. 1986. Biospeleology of the Somaliland Amblypygi (Arachnida, Chelicerata) of the caves of the Showli Berdi and Mugdile (Bardera, Somaliland). Redia 69: 143 - 170." title="Biospeleology of the Somaliland Amblypygi (Arachnida, Chelicerata) of the caves of the Showli Berdi and Mugdile (Bardera, Somaliland)" type="journal article" year="1986">Delle Cave (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF13FF59A5AEF976FC92DAB2" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1936" box="[702,852,1689,1715]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Charinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diblemma">
|
||
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF13FF59A5AEF976FC92DAB2" box="[702,852,1689,1715]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">C. diblemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as nomen dubium, not by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF13FF59A399F976FA95DAB2" author="Weygoldt P." box="[1161,1363,1689,1715]" editor="Juberthie C. & Decu V." firstAuthor="Weygoldt" journalOrPublisher="Societe de Biospeologie, Moulis and Bucarest" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" pagination="241 - 247" refId="ref155707" refString="Weygoldt P. 1994. Amblypygi. In: Juberthie C. & Decu V. (eds) Encyclopaedia Biospeologica: 241 - 247. Societe de Biospeologie, Moulis and Bucarest." title="Amblypygi" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Encyclopaedia Biospeologica" year="1994">Weygoldt (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as stated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF13FF59A637F951FE0ADAD6" author="Harvey M. S." box="[295,460,1725,1752]" firstAuthor="Harvey" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" refId="ref149587" refString="Harvey M. S. 2003. Catalogue of the Smaller Arachnid Orders of the World. Amblypygi, Uropygi, Schizomida, Palpigradi, Ricinulei and Solifugae. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643090071" title="Catalogue of the Smaller Arachnid Orders of the World. Amblypygi, Uropygi, Schizomida, Palpigradi, Ricinulei and Solifugae" type="book" year="2003">Harvey (2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF13FF59A6C7F952FDD1DAD6" accessDate="2021-07-02" author="Harvey M. S." box="[471,535,1725,1751]" firstAuthor="Harvey" journalOrPublisher="Western Australian Museum, Perth" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" publicationUrl="http://museum.wa.gov.au/catalogues-beta/whip-spiders" refId="ref149633" refString="Harvey M. S. 2013. Whip Spiders of the World, version 1.0. Western Australian Museum, Perth. Available from http: // museum. wa. gov. au / catalogues-beta / whip-spiders [accessed 2 Jul. 2021]." title="Whip Spiders of the World, version 1.0" type="url" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |