treatments-xml/data/6D/09/78/6D097846F96717B4A27E93978C3D511E.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.39.7513" ID-PMC="PMC4152889" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-39-27" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF965E75FFB6235DFF91FFEAFFD7FF86" ID-PubMed="25197223" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576229" ModsDocID="1314-2003-39-27" checkinTime="1451251723467" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Stern, Stephen R." docDate="2014" docId="6D097846F96717B4A27E93978C3D511E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 39: 27-34" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 39" docPubDate="2014-06-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.39.7513" docTitle="Solanum junctum S. Stern &amp; M. Nee 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FF965E75FFB6235DFF91FFEAFFD7FF86" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FF965E75FFB6235DFF91FFEAFFD7FF86" masterDocTitle="A new species of spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) from Peru" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1668141150384" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A new species of spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) from Peru</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Stern, Stephen R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, 1260 Kennedy Ave, Grand Junction, CO 81501</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2014-06-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>39</mods:number>
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<mods:start>27</mods:start>
<mods:end>34</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.39.7513</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.39.7513</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-39-27</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152025312" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D097846F96717B4A27E93978C3D511E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D097846F96717B4A27E93978C3D511E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName LSID="6D097846-F967-17B4-A27E-93978C3D511E" authority="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum junctum" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum" status="sp. nov.">Solanum junctum S. Stern &amp; M. Nee</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="28">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Solanum junctum S. Stern &amp; M. Nee A Habit B Functionally male flower; note reduced style C Perfect flower D Seed E Cauline prickle F Trichomes on abaxial leaf surface. All from Ortiz &amp; Mateo 576." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10713" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Peru</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Pasco</emphasis>
: Prov. Oxapampa, Dist. Pozuzo, 1 km N del Puente Yulitunqui-Sector Huampal, Parque Nacional 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yanachaga-Chemillén">Yanachaga-Chemillen</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="47" value="-10.163055">10°09'47&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="-75.56612">75°33'58&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 975-1100 m, 15 Apr 2005 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">E. Ortiz V. &amp; J. Mateo M. 576</emphasis>
(holotype: NY[NY01802055]!; isotypes: AMAZ, F, HAO, HOXA, HUT, MO!, MOL, USM, NY[NY00854134]!, NY[NY01802056]!)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
Similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subinerme">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Solanum subinerme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jacq. and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rusby" authorityYear="1927" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poinsettiifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Solanum poinsettiifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Rusby. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subinerme">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Solanum subinerme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its smaller flowers, shorter cauline prickles and lack of straight prickles on the adaxial leaf surfaces. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has branched 
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="29" start="start">inflorescences</pageBreakToken>
and lacks the white tomentum on the adaxial leaf surface and the more abundant interpetalar tissue of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rusby" authorityYear="1927" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poinsettiifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Solanum poinsettiifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
Erect or scandent shrub, liana, or small tree, 1-20 m. Stems armed with recurved tan to brown prickles to 5 mm long, the base to 2-4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-1 mm, the young stems moderately to densely pubescent with tan to white stellate hairs, the stalks absent to 1 mm, multiseriate, the rays 6-10, ca. 0.5 mm long, the midpoints absent to 0.5 mm, the older stems becoming sparsely pubescent to nearly glabrous. Flowering portions of stem of difoliate sympodial units, the leaves usually geminate, those of a pair often slightly unequal. Leaves simple, the blades 8-12 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-7 cm, ovate, chartaceous, green on both surfaces with the adaxial surface typically darker, both surfaces moderately pubescent with hairs like those of the stem, the abaxial surface typically slightly more tomentose and often armed with a few recurved prickles to 2 mm in length on the midrib, abaxial surface with occasional simple glandular hairs below the stellate hairs; venation pinnate, the secondary veins 3-6 on each side of the midvein; base rounded to obtuse, often asymmetrical; margin entire; apex acute to attenuate; petioles 1-3.5 cm, moderately pubescent with hairs like those of the stem, sparsely to moderately armed with prickles like those of the stem. Inflorescence 5-8 (10) cm, extra-axillary, branched with 2-3 (5) main branches, bearing 14-20 flowers, the plants apparently andromonoecious, with male flowers lacking a developed style and hermaphroditic flowers with an elongated style, the axes moderately to densely pubescent with hairs like those of the stem, unarmed; peduncle 2-10 mm; rachis 4-7 (10) cm; pedicels 4-10 mm in flower, 8-14 mm in fruit, spaced 1-3 mm apart, articulated at the base. Flowers 5-merous, appearing actinomorphic on herbarium sheets but slightly zygomorphic in the field due to curved anthers, the flower buds slightly curved. Calyx 0.5-3 mm long in bud through anthesis, cupular with lobes nearly absent, moderately to densely pubescent with hairs like those of the stem, the calyx splitting into lobes during late flowering or early fruiting; fruiting calyx lobes 2-3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-2 mm, triangular. Corolla 2-3 cm in diameter, chartaceous, light violet to purple, lobed nearly to the base, the lobes 8-12 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-3.5 mm, narrowly triangular, densely pubescent on the abaxial surface with hairs like those of the stem, glabrous to sparsely stellate-pubescent on the midvein on the adaxial surface. Stamens 8-12 mm long; filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers 8-12 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-1.5 mm, proximally curving downward with small upward curve at distal end, attenuate, tapering, connivent to weakly spreading, yellow, the base cordate, the apex obtuse, the pores apical, not opening into longitudinal slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style in functionally male flowers 1-2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
ca. 0.5 mm, style in hermaphroditic flowers 12-14 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5 mm, exceeding the anthers by 2-3 mm, cylindrical, glabrous; stigma ca. 0.5 mm wide. Fruit a globose berry 1-1.2 cm in diameter, green, glabrous, held upright, with 3-10 fruits per infructescence. Seeds 75-120 per fruit, 3-4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-3 mm, ovate to reniform, brown.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10713" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
S. Stern &amp; M. Nee 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">A</emphasis>
Habit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">B</emphasis>
Functionally male flower; note reduced style 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">C</emphasis>
Perfect flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">D</emphasis>
Seed 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">E</emphasis>
Cauline prickle 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">F</emphasis>
Trichomes on abaxial leaf surface. All from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Ortiz &amp; Mateo 576</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Distribution and phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
Known from Amazonas, Ayacucho, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
, Pasco, and San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
Departments in Peru from 600-1800 m in elevation. Flowering specimens were collected in February-May, July, November-December and fruiting specimens in April, July-August, November.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="30" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is taken from the Latin 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“junctus“">&quot;junctus&quot;</normalizedToken>
for &quot;connect or join,&quot; referring to the morphological similarities of this species with other sections within the spiny solanums. This has been used as an herbarium name on specimen annotations by M. Nee since at least 1995.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
The conservation status of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, according to the IUCN Red List Categories (IUCN, 2010) is Least Concern due to the large extent of occurrence (~99,000 km2) and numerous collections (
<bibRefCitation author="Bachman, S" editor="Smith, V" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" pagination="117 - 126" publicationUrl="doi: 10.3897/zookeys.150.2109" refId="B1" refString="Bachman, S, Moat, J, Hill, AW, de la, Torre J, Scott, B, 2011. Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. In: Smith, V, Penev, L, Eds., e-Infrastructures for data publishing in biodiversity science. ZooKeys 150: 117 - 126, doi: 10.3897/zookeys.150.2109" title="Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool." url="doi: 10.3897/zookeys.150.2109" volume="150" volumeTitle="e-Infrastructures for data publishing in biodiversity science." year="2011">Bachman et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
Since 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is such a large and diverse group, particularly in the Andes, it is not surprising that many new species and taxonomic difficulties remain. This is particularly true in undercollected areas of the Andes, but recently many inroads have been made (
<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Phytokeys" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="33 - 52" publicationUrl="10.3897/phytokeys.1.659" refId="B5" refString="Knapp, S, 2010. New species of Solanum (Solanaceae) from Peru and Ecuador. Phytokeys 1: 33 - 52, 10.3897/phytokeys.1.659" title="New species of Solanum (Solanaceae) from Peru and Ecuador." url="10.3897/phytokeys.1.659" volume="1" year="2010">Knapp 2010</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Stern, S" journalOrPublisher="Phytokeys" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="53 - 65" publicationUrl="10.3897/phytokeys.1.660" refId="B11" refString="Stern, S, Bohs, L, 2010. Two new species of Solanum (Solanaceae) from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone of southern Ecuador and northern Peru. Phytokeys 1: 53 - 65, 10.3897/phytokeys.1.660" title="Two new species of Solanum (Solanaceae) from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone of southern Ecuador and northern Peru." url="10.3897/phytokeys.1.660" volume="1" year="2010">Stern and Bohs 2010</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Farruggia, FT" journalOrPublisher="Phytokeys" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" pagination="67 - 77" publicationUrl="10.3897/phytokeys.1.661" refId="B4" refString="Farruggia, FT, Bohs, L, 2010. Two new South American species of Solanum section Crinitum (Solanaceae). Phytokeys 1: 67 - 77, 10.3897/phytokeys.1.661" title="Two new South American species of Solanum section Crinitum (Solanaceae)." url="10.3897/phytokeys.1.661" volume="1" year="2010">Farruggia and Bohs 2010</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Tepe, EJ" journalOrPublisher="Phytokeys" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="37 - 47" publicationUrl="10.3897/phytokeys.8.2101" refId="B14" refString="Tepe, EJ, Ridley, G, Bohs, L, 2012. A new species of Solanum named for Jeanne Baret, an overlooked contributor to the history of botany. Phytokeys 8: 37 - 47, 10.3897/phytokeys.8.2101" title="A new species of Solanum named for Jeanne Baret, an overlooked contributor to the history of botany." url="10.3897/phytokeys.8.2101" volume="8" year="2012">Tepe et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Sarkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="Phytokeys" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 20" publicationUrl="10.3897/phytokeys.31.6312" refId="B10" refString="Sarkinen, T, Gonzales, P, Knapp, S, 2013. Distribution models and species discovery: the story of a new Solanum species from the Peruvian Andes. Phytokeys 31: 1 - 20, 10.3897/phytokeys.31.6312" title="Distribution models and species discovery: the story of a new Solanum species from the Peruvian Andes." url="10.3897/phytokeys.31.6312" volume="31" year="2013">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
). Field collections, revisionary, and phylogenetic study have spurred the description of species that otherwise may remain as &quot;herbarium names&quot;.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
Both M. Nee and S. Stern recognized 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a new species from herbarium collections, resulting in the shared authorship of this name. Stern first annotated a specimen as a new species in 2008 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
&amp; Leiva 2121
</emphasis>
HAO, subsequently destroyed in an herbarium fire) and Nee has applied the herbarium name 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to specimens since at least 1995 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Schunke 6020</emphasis>
[NY]). The type material for 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was selected from the numerous collections made from Prov. Oxapampa in the Department of Pasco, Peru. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Ortiz &amp; Mateo 576</emphasis>
was chosen as the type due to the quality of the specimens and wide distribution in herbaria. The holotype at NY was the highest quality specimen of those seen and contained abundant flowering material and developing fruits.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
As with many 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with recurved prickles, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a variable habit and may be an erect or scandent shrub, vine, or even a small tree. The species is unusual in the Torva clade in having flowers with very narrow corolla lobes with sparse interpetalar tissue, but its branched inflorescences and green upright fruits are shared with many other species in this section. DNA sequence data from specimens of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been added to the dataset of 
<bibRefCitation author="Stern, SR" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="1429 - 1441" refId="B13" refString="Stern, SR, Agra, MF, Bohs, L, 2011. Molecular delimitation of clades within New World species of the 'spiny solanums' (Solanum subg. Leptostemonum). Taxon 60: 1429 - 1441" title="Molecular delimitation of clades within New World species of the ' spiny solanums' (Solanum subg. Leptostemonum)." volume="60" year="2011">Stern et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
and indicates that 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a member of the Torva clade but the exact species level relationships remain unclear. Phylogenetic relationships between members of this group are being assessed further using molecular data (S. Stern, in prep.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
Morphologically, the violet to purple flowers with narrow corolla lobes of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar to those of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subinerme">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum subinerme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Additionally, both species have curved flower buds and slightly zygomorphic flowers due to curved anthers. These species can be differentiated by the larger flowers of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subinerme">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum subinerme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with corollas 3.5-4 cm in diameter (versus 2-3 cm in diameter in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the longer cauline prickles in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subinerme">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum subinerme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and presence of long straight prickles on the adaxial leaf surface in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subinerme">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum subinerme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which are lacking in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Finally, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subinerme">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum subinerme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has thin pedicels that reach 2 cm or more in fruit while those of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are thicker and only reach 14 mm. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subinerme">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum subinerme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a much broader distribution and is found from the Caribbean through northern South America to the Amazon Basin. It is not known from the higher elevations of Peru where 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="31" start="start">Solanum</pageBreakToken>
junctum
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also similar to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rusby" authorityYear="1927" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poinsettiifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum poinsettiifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species ranging from Dept. Beni, Bolivia along the eastern slope of the Andes to central Peru. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rusby" authorityYear="1927" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poinsettiifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum poinsettiifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is represented by numerous collections from the area where Ucayali, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
, and Loreto Departments intersect. These superficially resemble 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as they share similar leaf morphology, flowers and fruits that are a similar size and color, and both species have curved flower buds. These species differ in that 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rusby" authorityYear="1927" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poinsettiifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum poinsettiifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens are all described as trees or shrubs, have very few spines on the stem and none on the abaxial leaf surface, and have dense white tomentum with a soft, velvety appearance on the abaxial leaf surfaces. The corolla of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rusby" authorityYear="1927" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poinsettiifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum poinsettiifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has more abundant interpetalar tissue and the inflorescence is stout and unbranched.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
Some specimens of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Humb. &amp; Bonpl. ex Dun" authorityYear="1816" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovalifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum ovalifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dunal (another member of the Torva clade) may also resemble 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Humb. &amp; Bonpl. ex Dun" authorityYear="1816" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovalifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum ovalifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a shrub to small tree with much smaller flowers than 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(corollas typically under 1 cm in diameter in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Humb. &amp; Bonpl. ex Dun" authorityYear="1816" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovalifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum ovalifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. 2-3 cm in diameter in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The inflorescences of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Humb. &amp; Bonpl. ex Dun" authorityYear="1816" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovalifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum ovalifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are generally larger and more branched than those of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and may branch further up the rachis, whereas the inflorescences in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
branch very near the base. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Humb. &amp; Bonpl. ex Dun" authorityYear="1816" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovalifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum ovalifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranges from Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador to Depts. Amazonas and Cajamarca in northern Peru, where its distribution appears to terminate at the Amotape-Huancabamba zone (
<bibRefCitation author="Stern, S" journalOrPublisher="Phytokeys" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="53 - 65" publicationUrl="10.3897/phytokeys.1.660" refId="B11" refString="Stern, S, Bohs, L, 2010. Two new species of Solanum (Solanaceae) from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone of southern Ecuador and northern Peru. Phytokeys 1: 53 - 65, 10.3897/phytokeys.1.660" title="Two new species of Solanum (Solanaceae) from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone of southern Ecuador and northern Peru." url="10.3897/phytokeys.1.660" volume="1" year="2010">Stern and Bohs 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
It is also possible to confuse 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee" authorityYear="2006" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedemontanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum pedemontanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a member of the Micracantha clade. At least two specimens of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee" authorityYear="2006" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedemontanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum pedemontanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Krukoff 8421</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">McDaniel &amp; Rimachi 16879</emphasis>
at NY) have been annotated as possible 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by M. Nee. 
<bibRefCitation author="Macbride, JF" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" refId="B7" refString="Macbride, JF, 1962. Flora of Peru: Volume 13. Chicago Mueseum of Natural History, Chicago. 1-267." title="Flora of Peru: Volume 13. Chicago Mueseum of Natural History, Chicago. 1 - 267." year="1962">Macbride (1962)</bibRefCitation>
cited specimens belonging to both 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee" authorityYear="2006" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedemontanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum pedemontanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in his taxonomic treatment of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum heterophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. While the habit of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranges from a vine to shrub, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee" authorityYear="2006" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedemontanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum pedemontanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is nearly always described as a scrambling vine. In Peru, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee" authorityYear="2006" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedemontanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum pedemontanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tends to occur at lower elevations (100-450 m) than 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(600-1800 m). The corolla in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee" authorityYear="2006" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedemontanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum pedemontanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is white versus the light purple corolla of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the corolla lobes of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee" authorityYear="2006" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedemontanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum pedemontanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are slightly longer (12-20 mm) than those of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(8-12 mm). The inflorescence in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee" authorityYear="2006" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedemontanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum pedemontanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unbranched, whereas it branches at the base in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Finally, fruits in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee" authorityYear="2006" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedemontanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum pedemontanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are orange to red whereas they remain green at maturity in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Stern &amp; M. Nee" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junctum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Solanum junctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
Peru. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Amazonas:</emphasis>
Prov. Condorcanqui, Distrito El Cenepa, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
NE del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marañón">Maranon</normalizedToken>
, Puerto Mori, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Comaina, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.383333">4°23'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.35">78°21'W</geoCoordinate>
, 800 m, 19 Aug 1994 (fr) 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
R. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
et al. 18921
</emphasis>
(BM, MO, NY, USM); Bagua Dist., Aramango, Cerros de Nueva Esperanza, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="02" value="-5.467222">5°28'02&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-78.38638">78°23'11&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1800 m, 20 Dec 2001 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
R. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
et al. 27499
</emphasis>
(NY, USM). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Ayacucho:</emphasis>
Prov. La Mar, alrededores de Buena Gana, aprox. 8.5 km lineales al WNW de San Antonio, Dist. Anco, 1775 m, 21 Apr 2007 (fl) 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">J. Roque 5475</emphasis>
(USM). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Cajamarca</emphasis>
: Prov. San Ignacio, Dist. San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
de Lourdes, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caserío">Caserio</normalizedToken>
Estrella del Oriente, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.8333335">4°50'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.916664">78°55'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1600-1650 m, 14 Nov 1998 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
E. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
R. &amp; S. Leiva G. 2121
</emphasis>
(HAO [destroyed], HUT). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Track to Chipita, 11°07'70&quot;S, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="19" value="-75.35528">75°21'19&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1400 m, 16 Nov 2002 (fl, fr) 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Monro, Pennington, &amp; Diaz 4005</emphasis>
(BM); Chanchamayo Valley, Mar. 1924-1927 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Schunke 264</emphasis>
(F, US). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Pasco</emphasis>
: 
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="32" start="start">Prov</pageBreakToken>
. Oxapampa, Dist. Pozuzo, Sector Huampal, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="45" value="-10.179167">10°10'45&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="26" value="-75.57389">75°34'26&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1000-1200 m, 20 Jul 2006 (fl, fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cárdenas">Cardenas</normalizedToken>
&amp; Flores 578
</emphasis>
(NY); Dist. Villa Rica, Comunidad Nativa San Pedro de Pichanaz, sector San Francisco, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="-10.440001">10°26'24&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="07" value="-75.43528">75°26'07&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 600 m 17 Apr 2007 (fl) 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huamán">Huaman</normalizedToken>
&amp; R. Rivera 174
</emphasis>
(NY); Oxapampa, Dist. Pozuzo, Parque Nacional Yanachaga 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chemillén">Chemillen</normalizedToken>
Pozuzo Sector Pan de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Azúcar">Azucar</normalizedToken>
, Zona de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Recuperación">Recuperacion</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-10.25">10°15'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.21667">75°13'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1100-1250 m, 10 Apr 2003 (fl, fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">A. Monteagudo et al. 4912</emphasis>
(NY); Oxapampa, Dist. Villa Rica, Cerro El Ascensor, Bosque de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Protección">Proteccion</normalizedToken>
San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Matías-San">Matias-San</normalizedToken>
Carlos, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-10.75">10°45'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-74.916664">74°55'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1355 m, 3 Jul 2003 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">J. Perea &amp; C. Mateo 137</emphasis>
(NY); Prov. Oxapampa, Dist. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Iscosaizín">Iscosaizin</normalizedToken>
, carretera Chatarra-Puerto 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bermúdez">Bermudez</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="25" value="-10.506945">10°30'25&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="06" value="-75.06833">75°04'06&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 650 m, 23 Nov 2007 (fl, fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Tepe et al. 2264</emphasis>
(NY). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
:
</emphasis>
Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 m, Dec 1933 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">G. Klug 3407</emphasis>
(F, MO, US, WIS); Prov. Lamas, Alonso de Alvarado, carretera a Moyobamba, 800 m, 23 Apr 1973 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">J. Schunke V. 6020</emphasis>
(NY). Prov. Lamas, Dist. Alonso de Alvarado, San Juan de Pacaizapa, km 72 carretera Tarapoto-Moyobamba, 1000-1050 m, 29 May 1977 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">J. Schunke 9536</emphasis>
(MO, NY); San Roque, 1350-1500 m, 3 Feb 1930 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Ll. Williams 7678</emphasis>
(F, US).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>