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<document id="07BCA743D1BBF614EB1E407FCE22E34F" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930701359218" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4669578" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617793898169" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Kott, Patricia" docDate="2007" docId="191287F0FFF2FF98FE13FDB399B8CE07" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.41.17-20.1163-1211.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 41 (17 - 20)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701359218" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8.4:JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8" docStyleName="JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Trididemnum titanium Kott 2007, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1205" masterDocId="E52BFF88FFD8FFB3FFAEFFAE9B77CB51" masterDocTitle="New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part 4)" masterLastPageNumber="1211" masterPageNumber="1163" pageNumber="1204" updateTime="1698902273932" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="146BAE3C45610D7EA356876470EE8981" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="B3487B0458B6433A75E49F9F7202E310">
<mods:title id="51EB0797F95E5961D08CC7E0C26528EA">New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part 4)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="04C72A6341D8833AF8D745A5EBC4CF7A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BADB46178104AB80C0519CA54AFF8EA4">
<mods:roleTerm id="5E13286F531E1C560BD298D47A5BDF2E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="95ED5FCCA5CE8B777207ECE78483474F">Kott, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="491CC5885A1F8D78D09EC171A6DE944D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="52F51050940864918E9F68237BA7F035">
<mods:title id="CFD8C7EC8C07048813D19932D12ADC1D">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="071B24C952F1C9BABDE320C7FA034438">
<mods:date id="52F081A7C499702A93D16A7B0703FA72">2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="7FE6BA97DD84581B46B2629D9B73E861" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="5ED84DFCD72A3EC1B5F4DA6478F77FDC">2010-07-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="41350361C5F33D97FA8D2EDEEB866130" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A5A2E66BD7083D6055C962E0BB49E32B">41</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="524F2A5E354EDA398BA0C6B68745BD69" type="issue">
<mods:number id="B979D9066E364E3483BF3A651115F1A3">17 - 20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="CBF105FBE822586787AA11A10F3134DB" unit="page">
<mods:start id="4CAA9D879D943E7517A7A2E1907385AF">1163</mods:start>
<mods:end id="4F98CCADD96DF6DA1B57952BD8D85131">1211</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="1CF9DDEAD8F1FD55A3111F156CFF29C6">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701359218</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="B24A14B95A903206FE2E777E5BDBC882">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="BAAFF03889C895274E4582E01F597B7B" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930701359218</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0C541E47CF71DA60933E17972BADEB20" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="672135738662FE6C5A140BB64CDBA595" type="Zenodo-Dep">4669578</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="191287F0FFF2FF98FE13FDB399B8CE07" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:191287F0FFF2FF98FE13FDB399B8CE07" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/191287F0FFF2FF98FE13FDB399B8CE07" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="1205" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">
<subSubSection id="D9A1656DFFF2FF99FE13FDB39822C964" box="[445,853,541,565]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="910436E6FFF2FF99FE13FDB39822C964" blockId="42.[125,1173,541,663]" box="[445,853,541,565]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">
<heading id="CA4C818AFFF2FF99FE13FDB39822C964" box="[445,853,541,565]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF2FF99FE13FDB39998C964" authority="Kott, 2007" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2007" box="[445,751,541,565]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="titanium" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF2FF99FE13FDB39998C964" bold="true" box="[445,751,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">Trididemnum titanium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8FC578FFFF2FF99FD56FDB39822C964" box="[760,853,541,565]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9A1656DFFF2FF98FDB0FD9398ABC8A2" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="1205" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" type="description">
<paragraph id="910436E6FFF2FF99FDB0FD939921C9C6" blockId="42.[125,1173,541,663]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">
(
<figureCitation id="09802A63FFF2FF99FD88FD9399DEC904" box="[550,681,573,597]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="33.[138,198,1030,1049]" captionTargetBox="[264,1057,135,992]" captionTargetId="figure-191@33.[262,1062,133,994]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 5. (A, B) Trididemnum nebula (QM G328001 syntype): (A) thorax; (B) larva. (C) Trididemnum titanium (QM G323351 holotype): colony. (D, E) Lissoclinum capsulatum (QM G308804 holotype): (D) thorax; (E) abdomen. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, D, E), 1 cm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4669592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4669592/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">Figures 5C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="09802A63FFF2FF99FD19FD93999DC904" box="[695,746,573,597]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="40.[125,185,1584,1603]" captionTargetBox="[280,1018,129,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-1@40.[280,1019,129,1548]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 11. Scanning electron micrographs. (A) Trididemnum pigmentatum (QMG308842); (B) Trididemnum sibogae (QM G308893); (C) Trididemnum titanium (QM G308816); (D) Lissoclinum capsulatum (QM G308804); (E) Lissoclinum reginum (QM G308871); (F) Didemnidae?genus?species (QM G308889); (G, H) Didemnidae?genus?species [(G) QM G308888; (H) QM G308900]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4669610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4669610/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">11C</figureCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF2FF99FFD3FDF09948C927" authority=": Kott 2001, p 285" authorityName=": Kott" authorityPageNumber="285" authorityYear="2001" box="[125,575,606,630]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF2FF99FFD3FDF09A10C927" box="[125,359,606,630]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">Trididemnum sibogae</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFF2FF99FED8FDF09A84C927" author="Kott P" box="[374,499,606,630]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref21062" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47: 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott 2001</bibRefCitation>
, p 285
</taxonomicName>
(part, as set out in ‘‘Previously recorded’’, below).
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF2FF99FFD3FDD19925C9C6" authority=": Kott 2005 a, p 2456" authorityName=": Kott 2005 a, p" authorityPageNumber="2456" authorityYear="2456" box="[125,594,639,663]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nobile">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF2FF99FFD3FDD19A2FC9C6" box="[125,344,639,663]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">Trididemnum nobile</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFF2FF99FEC7FDD19A85C9C6" author="Kott P" box="[361,498,639,663]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" pagination="2409 - 2479" refId="ref21231" refString="Kott P. 2005 a. New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part 3). Journal of Natural History 39: 2409 - 2479." type="journal article" year="2005">Kott 2005a</bibRefCitation>
, p 2456
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="910436E6FFF2FF99FFD3FD7E9B8AC9B9" blockId="42.[125,253,720,744]" box="[125,253,720,744]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF2FF99FFD3FD7E9B8AC9B9" box="[125,253,720,744]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="910436E6FFF2FF99FFD3FCAF9812C8EA" blockId="42.[125,1172,769,955]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">
Previously recorded (see
<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFF2FF99FE02FCAF995BC848" author="Kott P" box="[428,556,769,793]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref21062" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47: 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott 2001</bibRefCitation>
, part, as
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF2FF99FD0FFCAF9864C848" authorityName=": Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[673,787,769,793]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF2FF99FD0FFCAF9864C848" box="[673,787,769,793]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">T. sibogae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFF2FF99FCF0FCAF989DC848" author="Kott P" box="[862,1002,769,793]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" pagination="2409 - 2479" refId="ref21231" refString="Kott P. 2005 a. New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part 3). Journal of Natural History 39: 2409 - 2479." type="journal article" year="2005">Kott 2005a</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF2FF99FBB0FCAF9FF5C848" authorityName=": Kott 2005 a, p" authorityYear="2456" box="[1054,1154,769,793]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nobile">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF2FF99FBB0FCAF9FF5C848" box="[1054,1154,769,793]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">T. nobile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): Westernport, QM G300955 (
<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFF2FF99FE78FC8F9923C868" author="Kott P" box="[470,596,801,825]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref21062" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47: 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott 2001</bibRefCitation>
, Figure 132A); QM G300971 (2001, Plate 17B); Kingston, QM G302875 (2001, Plate 17F);
<collectingRegion id="537FF804FFF2FF99FD28FCEC998FC80B" box="[646,760,834,858]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
(Port Davey, QM G302884). New records: type locality (Tasmanian Canyons: Pieman Canyon,
<quantity id="56439B03FFF2FF99FC20FCCC98AFC82B" box="[910,984,866,890]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7399999999999998" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" unit="m" value="174.0">174 m</quantity>
,
<typeStatus id="4E008844FFF2FF99FC40FCCC9F26C82B" box="[1006,1105,866,890]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
QM G323145; King I. Canyon,
<quantity id="56439B03FFF2FF99FE78FC2C9956C8CB" box="[470,545,898,922]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
,
<typeStatus id="4E008844FFF2FF99FD9DFC2C99E0C8CB" box="[563,663,898,922]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
QM G323351);
<collectingRegion id="537FF804FFF2FF99FCC1FC2C9896C8CB" box="[879,993,898,922]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
(Banks Strait,
<quantity id="56439B03FFF2FF99FFD3FC0D9BBFC8EA" box="[125,200,931,955]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" unit="m" value="168.0">168 m</quantity>
, QM G328101);
<collectingRegion id="537FF804FFF2FF99FE36FC0D997DC8EA" box="[408,522,931,955]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
(Bass Strait, QM G308816).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="910436E6FFF2FF99FFD3FC5A9B82CF5D" blockId="42.[125,245,1012,1036]" box="[125,245,1012,1036]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF2FF99FFD3FC5A9B82CF5D" box="[125,245,1012,1036]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="910436E6FFF2FF99FFD3FB8B987CCE31" blockId="42.[125,1173,1061,1669]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">
Colonies are invariably three-dimensional trabeculae created by branching and anastomosing of parts of the colony, which sometimes are narrow or flattened lamellae, but often are more rounded. Irregular, dark patches and streaks of pigment are sometimes on the surface test of preserved specimens. Colonies are stiff and brittle with spicules crowded throughout. The specimen from Bass Strait (QM G308816) is an extensive array of thin irregular double-sided lamellae with spicules crowded throughout, especially in the central test where they are especially packed together to form a hard calcareous plate supporting the upright lamellae. Spicules are stellate to
<quantity id="56439B03FFF2FF99FD38FAA9998ACE4E" box="[662,765,1287,1311]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" unit="mm" value="0.17">0.17 mm</quantity>
diameter, with seven to nine and sometimes eleven sturdy conical rays in optical transverse section. The diameter of each ray expands towards its base; but the rays are not crowded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="910436E6FFF2FF99FF36FAC79B8ACD15" blockId="42.[125,1173,1061,1669]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">
<materialsCitation id="21D33CBBFFF2FF99FF36FAC79B8FCD15" collectionCode="QM" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" specimenCode="G308816" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Zooids are large, with posteriorly orientated atrial siphons and conspicuously lobed branchial siphons. A short retractor muscle was sometimes detected, but often was obscured by the contracted zooids. Nine coils of the vas deferens around a large beehiveshaped undivided testis were detected in one specimen (
<collectionCode id="F7AAAE23FFF2FF99FCB9FA64983ECEB3" box="[791,841,1482,1506]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="C11D9E9DFFF2FF99FCFDFA6498B3CEB3" box="[851,964,1482,1506]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" type="Museum">G308816</specimenCode>
) from Bass Strait and in the
<typeStatus id="4E008844FFF2FF99FF53FA459A16CD52" box="[253,353,1515,1539]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
the remains of the proximal part of the vas deferens filled with sperm probably serves as a seminal vesicle. Gonads were not detected in the newly recorded specimens
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="910436E6FFF2FF99FF36F9E39888CDD4" blockId="42.[125,1173,1061,1669]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204">
Larvae are present in the basal or central core of the test. The trunk is
<quantity id="56439B03FFF2FF99FC12F9E39F63CD34" box="[956,1044,1613,1637]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="1204" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
long. Four lateral ampullae are on each side of the three anteromedian adhesive organs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="910436E6FFF3FF98FF24FF279B9ECBF0" blockId="43.[138,233,137,161]" box="[138,233,137,161]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF3FF98FF24FF279B9ECBF0" box="[138,233,137,161]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="910436E6FFF3FF98FF24FF179AB3C9C3" blockId="43.[138,1185,185,1366]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">
The form of the complex colony, the black squamous ectoderm and the large, stellate spicules (to
<quantity id="56439B03FFF3FF98FEB7FF779A08CBA0" box="[281,383,217,241]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
diameter or more) with relatively short but pointed conical rays are characteristics of the species and help to distinguish it. Other
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF3FF98FC21FF579F55CA40" authorityName="Della Valle" authorityYear="1881" box="[911,1058,249,273]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF3FF98FC21FF579F55CA40" box="[911,1058,249,273]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">Trididemnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. with complex three dimensional colonies from southeastern
<collectingCountry id="E9AC7676FFF3FF98FC86FEB498E7CA63" box="[808,912,282,306]" name="Australia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">Australia</collectingCountry>
have smaller spicules, namely
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF3FF98FF49FE949977CA00" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[231,512,313,337]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amiculum">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF3FF98FF49FE949A02CA00" box="[231,373,313,337]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">T. amiculum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFF3FF98FED0FE979977CA00" author="Kott P" box="[382,512,313,337]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref21062" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47: 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(with seven coils of the vas deferens) and
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF3FF98FC57FE949BB2CA20" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nobile">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF3FF98FC57FE949F2DCA00" box="[1017,1114,313,337]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">T. nobile</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFF3FF98FBCAFE979BB2CA20" author="Kott P" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref21062" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47: 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(with nine coils of the vas deferens).
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF3FF98FDD0FEF79F66CA20" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[638,1041,345,369]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lapidosum">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF3FF98FDD0FEF798F0CA20" box="[638,903,345,369]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">Trididemnum lapidosum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFF3FF98FC3EFEF79F66CA20" author="Kott P" box="[912,1041,345,369]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref21062" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47: 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is a tropical species with similar large spicules but with longer and spikier rays, paddle-shaped branches of the colony and seven coils of the vas deferens.
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF3FF98FD63FE349882CAE3" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[717,1013,410,434]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pigmentatum">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF3FF98FD63FE349882CAE3" box="[717,1013,410,434]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">Trididemnum pigmentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF3FF98FB9CFE349FD6CAE3" authorityName=": Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[1074,1185,410,434]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF3FF98FB9CFE349FD6CAE3" box="[1074,1185,410,434]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">T. sibogae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have eight coils of the vas deferens although the former is a tropical species with smaller zooids and large spicules, but with more, and more crowded, spicule rays and less complex colonies.
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF3FF98FF59FE549AA9C943" authorityName=": Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[247,478,506,530]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF3FF98FF59FE549AA9C943" box="[247,478,506,530]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">Trididemnum sibogae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has smaller spicules with fewer rays. Similar large spicules in relatively complex colonies and zooids with posteriorly orientated atrial apertures are in the genus
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF3FF98FF78FD949A17C903" box="[214,352,570,594]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF3FF98FF78FD949A17C903" box="[214,352,570,594]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">Leptoclinides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although in this genus the spicules very often have chisel-shaped tips, zooids tend to be larger than
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF3FF98FE4AFDF49900C923" authorityName="Della Valle" authorityYear="1881" box="[484,631,602,626]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF3FF98FE4AFDF49900C923" box="[484,631,602,626]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">Trididemnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. and they lack the retractor muscle usually present in the latter genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="910436E6FFF3FF98FF0BFD3598ABC8A2" blockId="43.[138,1185,185,1366]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">
<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFF3FF98FF0BFD359A42C9E2" author="Kott P" box="[165,309,667,691]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref21062" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47: 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott (2001)</bibRefCitation>
records
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF3FF98FE31FD359967C9E2" authorityName=": Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[415,528,667,691]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF3FF98FE31FD359967C9E2" box="[415,528,667,691]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">T. sibogae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from a range of temperate and tropical locations. The specimens have complex three-dimensional colonies and spicule diameters to
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with 7–13 long spiky rays in optical transverse section. However, a revision of the scanning electron micrographs of spicules in the specimens assigned to this species reveals that they are in two groups. One group of specimens mainly from temperate locations with spicules to at least
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, but often to
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diameter, with 7–11 long, tapering points in optical transverse section and nine coils of the vas deferens appears to be the present species (
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF3FF98FF3AFCD59AE6C8C2" authority="Kott, 2007" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2007" box="[148,401,891,915]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="titanium" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF3FF98FF3AFCD59AE6C8C2" box="[148,401,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">Trididemnum titanium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8FC578FFFF3FF98FE31FCD59972C8C2" box="[415,517,891,915]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). The other group, mainly from tropical locations but sympatric with the first group in the southern part of its range, appears to consist of specimens of
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF3FF98FE9CFC129AD2C882" authorityName=": Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[306,421,955,979]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF3FF98FE9CFC129AD2C882" box="[306,421,955,979]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">T. sibogae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(described above) with 9–13 spicule rays in optical transverse section, spicules to
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diameter, and eight coils of the vas deferens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9A1656DFFF3FF98FF0BFC5299B8CE07" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="910436E6FFF3FF98FF0BFC529B84CF25" blockId="43.[138,1185,185,1366]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF3FF98FF0BFC52996FCF45" authority=": Kott, 2005 a" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2005" box="[165,536,1020,1044]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nobile">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF3FF98FF0BFC529A09CF45" box="[165,382,1020,1044]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">Trididemnum nobile</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFF3FF98FE23FC52996FCF45" author="Kott P" box="[397,536,1020,1044]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" pagination="2409 - 2479" refId="ref21231" refString="Kott P. 2005 a. New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part 3). Journal of Natural History 39: 2409 - 2479." type="journal article" year="2005">Kott, 2005a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(from
<collectingRegion id="537FF804FFF3FF98FDC4FC529997CF45" box="[618,736,1020,1044]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
, Port Davey) appears to be a specimen of the present species, with large spicules to
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(
<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFF3FF98FCA2FBB298E1CF65" author="Kott P" box="[780,918,1052,1076]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" pagination="2409 - 2479" refId="ref21231" refString="Kott P. 2005 a. New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part 3). Journal of Natural History 39: 2409 - 2479." type="journal article" year="2005">Kott 2005a</bibRefCitation>
:
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<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF3FF98FBA1FBB29F5ECF65" box="[1039,1065,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">sic</emphasis>
) diameter and seven to nine rays in optical transverse section and a similar number of coils of the vas deferens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="910436E6FFF3FF98FF0BFBD39898CE44" blockId="43.[138,1185,185,1366]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF3FF98FF0BFBD3993BCFC4" authority="Kott, 2004 a" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2004" box="[165,588,1149,1173]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandistellus">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF3FF98FF0BFBD39ACDCFC4" box="[165,442,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">Leptoclinides grandistellus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFF3FF98FE6FFBD3993BCFC4" author="Kott P" box="[449,588,1149,1173]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" pagination="731 - 774" refId="ref21123" refString="Kott P. 2004 a. New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part 1). Journal of Natural History 38: 731 - 774." type="journal article" year="2004">Kott, 2004a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Dongara (WA) has spicules of the same form, with 9–11 conical rays, but they are larger (to
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diameter) and, although
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF3FF98FB29FB309A79CF84" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2004" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandistellus">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF3FF98FB29FB309A79CF84" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">L. grandistellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has large posterior abdominal cavities, its colony does not form the threedimensional mass of the present species. Further, unlike the present species, its spicules become less crowded toward the base, but are never crowded throughout.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="910436E6FFF3FF98FF0BFAB199B8CE07" blockId="43.[138,1185,185,1366]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFF3FF98FF0BFAB19AA2CE67" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[165,469,1310,1334]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnistellus">
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFF3FF98FF0BFAB19A3DCE67" box="[165,330,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205">L. magnistellus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFF3FF98FEFDFAB09AA2CE67" author="Kott P" box="[339,469,1310,1334]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1205" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref21062" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47: 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
also has spicules to
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diameter, but they have 11–13 rays and are crowded and the colonies are brittle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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