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<document id="3AA7714BDA249541896B9B25F79DF9BF" ID-CLB-Dataset="7241" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4959.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e9fcfa2b-72cd-4826-a7e5-c33cd37bf00e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4693464" ID-ZooBank="3BAB6920-30AC-410A-995B-BBDA9E2A105D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1618485552491" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Riera, Pamela, Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura, Guzmán, Vicente Valdés &amp; Henríquez-Piskulich, Patricia" docDate="2021" docId="03FD4340FFEB180AFF270875FCE4FA8B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4959.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4959 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Copestylum (Phalacromya) azurea" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="83" masterDocId="FFC43B38FFBA1858FFB00F36FFB0FFD5" masterDocTitle="Updating the knowledge of the flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Chile: Illustrated catalog, extinction risk and biological notes" masterLastPageNumber="178" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1698937080062" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="2290139FDE92C26A99B8CCA4EB2F75B4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="86FA3C53E6DDD2C38D63AEDB82AD29F4">
<mods:title id="16B4407124BAACE6EE63ED004D5A804D">Updating the knowledge of the flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Chile: Illustrated catalog, extinction risk and biological notes</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="EB6C47FC038DAF77A426351FD5EF3AC6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="80A668B5CB2529F81F9AF83209BC7F5A">Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D48EA27B71C859DC54DF01434AEE5714">Riera, Pamela</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="92E22DF0ECECDF87108C3C033BEB640F" type="email">pamela.riera1@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="C0459F6E098966BA3187D7DED6353C23">
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<mods:namePart id="B1714A7F2A4C20A57231D29B4B958DFB">Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="815864DFA5D7824F51FB70BDCA37DA3A" type="email">laurapaninao@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C8135915F15F3F50A827B99C5289832E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E6678E897D6EE51B657BAB507D18E45E">Guzmán, Vicente Valdés</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7D8583A45F530B073F92B8265EC47246" type="email">vicente.mvg@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="20798750974F09FBEB09756F8A68A374">Henríquez-Piskulich, Patricia</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1BB35AF487778E44499BECE9813836DB" type="email">phenriquezpi@student.unimelb.edu.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo id="F8D8A68A07A5EFCA987868AC74D12EAB">
<mods:title id="0D8D2C46C79198DFB48E86BC8525CDE1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B0901E410F28C901BF5DBBAADAD1BEA6">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0167F5F848BE2840C5177BDC43EE68E7">2021-04-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F8847800534DCF4A3C202C6825C4C03C">4959</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="628030DDF3A11D5CF96C3FA28D31A658" type="CLB-Dataset">7241</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FA1CFEF3DC7CA411CCAC5E1D20876BB7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4959.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FD4340FFEB180AFF270875FCE4FA8B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4705710" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181520808" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4705710" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD4340FFEB180AFF270875FCE4FA8B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4340FFEB180AFF270875FCE4FA8B" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFFEB1809FF270875FCB1F888" box="[151,769,1859,1886]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFEB1809FF270875FCB1F888" blockId="81.[151,769,1859,1922]" box="[151,769,1859,1886]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<heading id="D0A3453AFFEB1809FF270875FCB1F888" bold="true" box="[151,769,1859,1886]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFEB1809FF270875FCB1F888" ID-CoL="8FLP8" authority="(Philippi, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[151,769,1859,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Copestylum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azurea" subGenus="Phalacromya">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FF270875FCB1F888" bold="true" box="[151,769,1859,1886]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FF270875FE95F88B" bold="true" box="[151,293,1859,1886]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Copestylum</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FE860875FD89F88B" bold="true" box="[310,569,1859,1886]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Phalacromya) azurea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFEB1809FDF90875FD49F888" author="Philippi, P. I." box="[585,761,1859,1885]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="595 - 782" refId="ref136094" refString="Philippi, P. I. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlunger der Zoologisch- Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9295" type="journal article" year="1865">Philippi, 1865</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFFEB1809FF270851FE80F857" box="[151,304,1895,1922]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFEB1809FF270851FE80F857" blockId="81.[151,769,1859,1922]" box="[151,304,1895,1922]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<figureCitation id="136FEED3FFEB1809FF270851FE80F857" box="[151,304,1895,1922]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–121" captionStartId="83.[151,264,1440,1464]" captionTargetBox="[166,1435,560,1416]" captionTargetId="figure-179@83.[151,1435,560,1416]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURES 118–121. Copestylum smithae (Thompson, 1965): (118) lateral view and (119) dorsal view. Scale bars = 1.5 mm (photos by Vicente Valdés). Copestylum azurea (Philippi, 1865): (120) lateral view (Photo by Vicente Valdés). Scale bar = 2 mm, and (121) dorsal view (photo by Matías Barceló). Scale bar = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4693570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4693570/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figs 120–121</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFFEB180AFF27089AFC5EFF64" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFEB180AFF27089AFC5EFF64" blockId="81.[151,521,1964,1988]" lastBlockId="82.[151,1437,150,1374]" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FFEB180AFF27089AFC5EFF64" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FFEB1809FF27089AFDB9F811" author="Philippi, P. I." box="[151,521,1964,1988]" page="734" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" year="1865">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFEB1809FF27089AFDB9F811" authority="Philippi, 1865: 734" authorityName="Philippi" authorityPageNumber="734" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,521,1964,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Volucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azurea">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FF27089AFEF0F811" box="[151,320,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Volucella azurea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFEB1809FEF6089AFDB9F811" author="Philippi, P. I." box="[326,521,1964,1988]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="595 - 782" refId="ref136094" refString="Philippi, P. I. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlunger der Zoologisch- Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9295" type="journal article" year="1865">
Philippi, 1865:
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFEB1809FE53089AFDB9F811" box="[483,521,1964,1988]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="generic" typeStatus="Type">734</specimenCount>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE8180AFF270FA1FF62FF64" bold="true" box="[151,210,151,177]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Type</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3CF80BFFE8180AFF690FA0FC5BFF64" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080455851" box="[217,1003,150,177]" collectionCode="MNHNCL" country="Chile" location="Colchagua" municipality="PropeLlico" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE8180AFF690FA0FE17FF64" bold="true" box="[217,423,150,177]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">locality and data.</emphasis>
“
<location id="8E8BA48DFFE8180AFE080FA1FD85FF64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD4340FFEB180AFF270875FCE4FA8B:8E8BA48DFFE8180AFE080FA1FD85FF64" box="[440,565,151,177]" country="Chile" municipality="PropeLlico" name="Colchagua" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Colchagua</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8F682CFFE8180AFDF00FA1FD0FFF64" box="[576,703,151,177]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">PropeLlico</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FFE8180AFD7B0FA1FCBAFF64" box="[715,778,151,177]" name="Chile" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Chile</collectingCountry>
” (T,
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFE8180AFCF10FA1FCE8FF64" box="[833,856,151,177]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED456A93FFE8180AFCD40FA1FC53FF64" box="[868,995,151,177]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">MNHNCL</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFFE8180AFF770F8CFD2DFD31" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFE8180AFF770F8CFD2DFD31" blockId="82.[151,1437,150,1374]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE8180AFF770F8CFE1FFF01" bold="true" box="[199,431,186,212]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FFE8180AFE040F8CFD9FFF01" box="[436,559,186,212]" country="Chile" name="Coquimbo" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Coquimbo</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFE8180AFD870F8CFDEBFF01" box="[567,603,186,212]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FFE8180AFDD60F8CFD16FF01" box="[614,678,186,212]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Costa</collectingRegion>
Ovalle,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFCB20F8CFCC0FF00" box="[770,880,186,213]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1945-01-20">20.I.1945</date>
, Leg. NN (
<collectionCode id="ED456A93FFE8180AFC570F8CFBD7FF01" box="[999,1127,186,212]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">MNHNCL</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FFE8180AFBC80F8CFB43FF01" box="[1144,1267,186,212]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Valparaíso</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFE8180AFB4B0F8CFAAFFF01" box="[1275,1311,186,212]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Horcones,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFF270FEBFEB4FF2D" box="[151,260,221,248]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1975-01-12">12.I.1975</date>
, Leg. Cerda (
<collectionCode id="ED456A93FFE8180AFE2A0FEBFDAAFF22" box="[410,538,221,247]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">MNHNCL</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFE8180AFD9D0FEBFDE1FF22" box="[557,593,221,247]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, El Granizo,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFD550FEBFCF4FF22" box="[741,836,221,247]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1964-01-06">6.I.1964</date>
, Leg. Lineros (
<collectionCode id="ED456A93FFE8180AFC5C0FEBFBDCFF22" box="[1004,1132,221,247]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">MNHNCL</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFE8180AFBCF0FEBFB14FF22" box="[1151,1188,221,247]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Colliguay,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFA9A0FEBFA28FF22" box="[1322,1432,221,247]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1967-01-03">03.I.1967</date>
, Leg. Cerda (
<collectionCode id="ED456A93FFE8180AFE960E36FE16FECF" box="[294,422,256,282]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">MNHNCL</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFE8180AFE0B0E36FE6EFECF" box="[443,478,256,282]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Leyda,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFDF40E36FD11FECF" box="[580,673,256,282]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1948-03">III.1948</date>
, Leg. L. Peña (
<collectionCode id="ED456A93FFE8180AFCE30E36FC22FECF" box="[851,914,256,282]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">CNC</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFE8180AFC180E36FC7AFECF" box="[936,970,256,282]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Quillota, no date, Leg. NN (
<collectionCode id="ED456A93FFE8180AFAAE0E36FA20FECF" box="[1310,1424,256,282]" country="Chile" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/85ax-5dji" name="INSTITUTO DE ENTOMOLOGIA UNIVERSIDAD METROPOLITANA DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">IEUMCE</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFE8180AFF270E12FF0CFEEB" box="[151,188,292,318]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Perales,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFE9A0E12FECEFEEB" box="[298,382,292,318]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1923-02">II.1923</date>
, Leg. NN (
<collectionCode id="ED456A93FFE8180AFE4F0E12FDC1FEEB" box="[511,625,292,318]" country="Chile" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/85ax-5dji" name="INSTITUTO DE ENTOMOLOGIA UNIVERSIDAD METROPOLITANA DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">IEUMCE</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFE8180AFD350E12FD1AFEEB" box="[645,682,292,318]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Río Blanco,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFCF70E15FC42FEEB" box="[839,1010,291,318]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1954-03-21" valueMax="1954-03-29" valueMin="1954-03-21">21–29.III.1954</date>
, Leg. L. Peña (
<collectionCode id="ED456A93FFE8180AFB110E12FB50FEEB" box="[1185,1248,292,318]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">CNC</collectionCode>
); Metropolitana:
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFE8180AFF270E71FF0CFEB4" box="[151,188,327,353]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFE8180AFF7B0E71FF40FEB4" box="[203,240,327,353]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, Lampa,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFEEE0E70FE65FEB4" box="[350,469,326,353]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1965-02-17">17.II.1965</date>
, Leg. NN (
<collectionCode id="ED456A93FFE8180AFDEA0E71FD7CFEB4" box="[602,716,327,353]" country="Chile" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/85ax-5dji" name="INSTITUTO DE ENTOMOLOGIA UNIVERSIDAD METROPOLITANA DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">IEUMCE</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFE8180AFD520E71FCB5FEB4" box="[738,773,327,353]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Quilicura,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFC210E71FC4FFEB4" box="[913,1023,327,353]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1967-01-23">23.I.1967</date>
, Leg. NN (
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, Las Condes,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFF490E5CFED6FE50" box="[249,358,362,389]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1965-01-12">12.I.1965</date>
, Leg. V. Pérez (
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, Macul, no date, Leg. M. Etcheverry (
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, El Peumo,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFF270EBBFEA9FE72" box="[151,281,397,423]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1949-09-21">21.IX.1949</date>
, Leg. L.E. Peña (
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,
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, Quebrada de Macul,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFC3E0EBBFC4CFE7D" box="[910,1020,397,424]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1953-01-26">26.I.1953</date>
, Leg. L.E. Peña (
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;
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);
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, Puente Alto, no date, Leg. J.
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(
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, La Obra, no date, Leg, NN (
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, El Canelo, no date, Leg. Etcheverry (
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);
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFE8180AFDDE0EE2FD24FE3B" box="[622,660,468,494]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
, El Manzano,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFC870EE5FC06FE3B" box="[823,950,467,494]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1966-04-05">05.IV.1966</date>
, Leg. C. Vergara (
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);
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFE8180AFB5E0EE2FAA1FE3B" box="[1262,1297,468,494]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, El Alfalfal,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFF270EC1FEA8FDC4" box="[151,280,503,529]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1961-03-26">26.III.1961</date>
, Leg. NN (
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);
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFE8180AFE4D0EC1FD90FDC4" box="[509,544,503,529]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, El Arrayán,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFD050EC1FC93FDC4" box="[693,803,503,529]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1993-01-13">13.I.1993</date>
, Leg. R. Trincado (
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);
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,
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, El Volcán,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFA9A0EC1FA28FDC4" box="[1322,1432,503,529]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1964-01-10">10.I.1964</date>
, Leg. Montes (
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);
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFE8180AFE090D2CFE6CFDE1" box="[441,476,538,564]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, El Peumo, no date, Leg. M. Etcheverry (
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<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFE8180AFB850D2CFBE9FDE1" box="[1077,1113,538,564]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Guayacan,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFB540D2CFA9FFDE0" box="[1252,1327,538,565]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1951-01">I.1951</date>
, Leg. NN (
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);
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFE8180AFEBB0D0BFE80FD82" box="[267,304,573,599]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
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, Agua del Palo, no date, Leg. M. Etcheverry (
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);
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, Quebrada de la Plata,
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, Leg. R.H. González (
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);
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFE8180AFE410D56FDA5FDAF" box="[497,533,608,634]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Bocatoma río Maipo,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFCA90D56FC36FDAF" box="[793,902,608,634]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1968-01-10">10.I.1968</date>
, Leg. J. Moroni (
<collectionCode id="ED456A93FFE8180AFBF80D56FB78FDAF" box="[1096,1224,608,634]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">MNHNCL</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FFE8180AFB6C0D56FAE7FDAF" box="[1244,1367,608,634]" country="Chile" name="Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">O’Higgins</collectingRegion>
: Llico (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE8180AFF2F0DB5FE8BFD4B" author="Philippi, P. I." box="[159,315,643,670]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="595 - 782" refId="ref136094" refString="Philippi, P. I. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlunger der Zoologisch- Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9295" type="journal article" year="1865">Philippi 1865</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE8180AFEF70DB5FDDCFD4B" author="Shannon, R. C. &amp; Aubertin, D." box="[327,620,643,670]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="120 - 170" refId="ref139210" refString="Shannon, R. C. &amp; Aubertin, D. (1933) Syrphidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part 6. Fascicle 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 120 - 170." type="book chapter" year="1933">Shannon &amp;Aubertin 1933</bibRefCitation>
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:
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, El Coigo,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFCCB0DB5FBA2FD48" box="[891,1042,643,669]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1960-01-11" valueMax="1960-01-31" valueMin="1960-01-11">11–31.I.1960</date>
, Leg. L. Peña (
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,
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, Los Queñes, La Jaula,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFEDD0D90FE53FD14" box="[365,483,678,705]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1965-02-14">14.II.1965</date>
, Leg. L. Peña (
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);
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, Buchen,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFC370D90FC54FD14" box="[903,996,678,705]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1956-03">III.1956</date>
, Leg. L. Peña (
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);
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,
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, Fundo Malcho, Linares,
<date id="FFEAD496FFE8180AFEED0DFCFE17FD30" box="[349,423,714,741]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1957-01">I.1957</date>
, Leg. L. Peña (
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFFE8180AFF770DDBFBFFFC0E" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFE8180AFF770DDBFD58FCA4" blockId="82.[151,1437,150,1374]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE8180AFF770DDBFEE0FCD2" bold="true" box="[199,336,749,775]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">References.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE8180AFEE90DDBFD84FCD2" author="Philippi, P. I." box="[345,564,749,776]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="595 - 782" refId="ref136094" refString="Philippi, P. I. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlunger der Zoologisch- Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9295" type="journal article" year="1865">Philippi, 1865: 734</bibRefCitation>
(desc.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE8180AFD280DDBFC31FCD2" author="Williston, S. W." box="[664,897,749,775]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="308 - 324" refId="ref142863" refString="Williston, S. W. (1886) Catalog of the described species of South American Syrphidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 14, 308 - 324. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076478" type="journal article" year="1886">Williston, 1886: 316</bibRefCitation>
(cat.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE8180AFC650DDBFB20FCD2" author="Reed, E. C." box="[981,1168,749,775]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="271 - 316" refId="ref136877" refString="Reed, E. C. (1888) Catalogo de los Insectos Dipteros de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 73, 271 - 316. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8562" type="journal article" year="1888">Reed, 1888: 297</bibRefCitation>
(cat.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE8180AFB540DDBFA2CFCD2" author="Hine, J. S." box="[1252,1436,749,775]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="333 - 343" refId="ref129698" refString="Hine, J. S. (1914) Diptera of Middle America: Family Syrphidae. The Ohio Naturalist, 14 (8), 333 - 343." type="journal article" year="1914">Hine, 1914: 338</bibRefCitation>
(desc.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE8180AFF430C26FE02FCFF" author="Curran, C. H." box="[243,434,784,810]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref126587" refString="Curran, C. H. (1930 c) New species of Volucellinae from America (Syrphidae, Diptera). American Museum Novitates, 413, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1930">Curran, 1930c: 8</bibRefCitation>
(key);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE8180AFDB50C26FCC0FCFF" author="Shannon, R. C. &amp; Aubertin, D." box="[517,880,784,810]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="120 - 170" refId="ref139210" refString="Shannon, R. C. &amp; Aubertin, D. (1933) Syrphidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part 6. Fascicle 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 120 - 170." type="book chapter" year="1933">Shannon &amp; Aubertin, 1933: 169</bibRefCitation>
(desc.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE8180AFC640C26FB13FCFF" author="Curran, C. H." box="[980,1187,784,810]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="287 - 532" refId="ref126648" refString="Curran, C. H. (1934) Diptera of Kartabo, Bartica District, British Guiana. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 66, 287 - 532." type="journal article" year="1934">Curran, 1934: 381</bibRefCitation>
(key);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE8180AFB460C26FF71FC9B" author="Stuardo, C." pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refId="ref140025" refString="Stuardo, C. (1946) Catalogo de los Dipteros de Chile. Ministerio de Agricultura, Chile, Santiago, 251 pp." type="book" year="1946">Stuardo, 1946: 129</bibRefCitation>
(cat.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE8180AFEA20C05FE74FC98" author="Fluke, C. L." box="[274,452,819,846]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref128681" refString="Fluke, C. L. (1957) Catalog of the family Syrphidae in the Neotropical Region. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 7, 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1957">Fluke, 1957: 60</bibRefCitation>
(cat.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE8180AFDA50C05FD4FFC98" author="Etcheverry, M." box="[533,767,819,845]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref127618" refString="Etcheverry, M. (1963) Descripciones originales, sinonimia y distribucion geografica de las especies de la familia Syrphidae (Diptera) en Chile. Publicaciones del Centro de Estudios Entomologicos, 5, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1963">Etcheverry, 1963: 96</bibRefCitation>
(cat.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE8180AFCE00C05FBE5FC9B" author="Thompson, F. C." box="[848,1109,819,846]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="73 - 215" refId="ref140281" refString="Thompson, F. C. (1972 b) A contribution to a generic revision of the Neotropical Milesiinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 23, 73 - 215." type="journal article" year="1972">Thompson, 1972b: 109</bibRefCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFE8180AFBD40C05FB6CFC98" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1845" box="[1124,1244,819,845]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Milesiinae">Milesiinae</taxonomicName>
rev.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE8180AFA940C05FEF0FCA4" author="Thompson, F. &amp; Vockeroth, J. R. &amp; Sedman, Y. S." pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 195" refId="ref141458" refString="Thompson, F. C, Vockeroth, J. R. &amp; Sedman, Y. S. (1976) Family Syrphidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalog of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Edanee, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49898" type="book chapter" year="1976">
Thompson
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE8180AFF270C61FF7FFCA4" box="[151,207,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
, 1976: 72
</bibRefCitation>
(cat.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE8180AFE200C61FD2FFCA4" author="Camousseight, A." box="[400,671,854,881]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="81 - 106" refId="ref125443" refString="Camousseight, A. (2005) La contribucion entomologica de RA Philippi entre 1859 y 1875 y el estado actual de sus especies. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Chile, 54, 81 - 106." type="journal article" year="2005">Camousseight, 2005: 93</bibRefCitation>
(cat.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFE8180AFF770C4CFD10FC41" blockId="82.[151,1437,150,1374]" box="[199,672,890,916]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE8180AFF770C4CFE1FFC41" bold="true" box="[199,431,890,916]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">World distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FFE8180AFE060C4CFD95FC41" box="[438,549,890,916]" name="Argentina" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Argentina</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FFE8180AFDEC0C4CFD2CFC41" box="[604,668,890,916]" name="Chile" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Chile</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFE8180AFF770CABFC09FC62" blockId="82.[151,1437,150,1374]" box="[199,953,925,952]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE8180AFF770CABFE70FC62" bold="true" box="[199,448,925,951]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Chilean distribution.</emphasis>
From
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FFE8180AFDBB0CABFD31FC62" box="[523,641,925,951]" country="Chile" name="Coquimbo" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Coquimbo</collectingRegion>
to
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FFE8180AFD150CABFC8BFC62" box="[677,827,925,951]" country="Chile" name="Maule" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Maule region</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="136FEED3FFE8180AFCFA0CABFC1DFC62" box="[842,941,925,951]" captionStart="FIGURE 144" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1198,1222]" captionTargetBox="[173,1360,191,1141]" captionTargetId="figure-17@97.[151,1436,181,1174]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 144. Distribution map of Copestylum azurea (Philippi, 1865) (blue circles); Copestylum nigripes (Bigot, 1857) (red circles); Copestylum rufoscutellare (Philippi, 1865) (black circles); Copestylum saphirinum (Bigot, 1883) (green circles) in Chile." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4693582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4693582/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 144</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFE8180AFF770CF6FBFFFC0E" blockId="82.[151,1437,150,1374]" box="[199,1103,960,987]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE8180AFF770CF6FE2CFC0F" bold="true" box="[199,412,960,986]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Altitudinal range.</emphasis>
From coastal to precordillera ecosystems (10–
<quantity id="4CAC5FB3FFE8180AFC170CF6FBBBFC0E" box="[935,1035,960,987]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="1.0">1,000 m</quantity>
.a.s.l.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFFE8180AFF770CD5FCE4FA8B" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFE8180AFF770CD5FE67FACD" blockId="82.[151,1437,150,1374]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE8180AFF770CD5FE17FC2B" bold="true" box="[199,423,995,1022]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Biology and notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFE8180AFE010CD5FD3AFC28" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[433,650,995,1021]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Copestylum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azurea">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE8180AFE010CD5FD3AFC28" box="[433,650,995,1021]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Copestylum azurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is associated with sclerophyllous forests in the Mediterranean basin of Central
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FFE8180AFEA00B31FEE0FBF4" box="[272,336,1031,1057]" name="Chile" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Chile</collectingCountry>
. Although this species does not meet the VU classification under the IUCN for EOO subcriterion, its distribution has been affected by land-use change by urbanization and croplands, especially avocado crops, disappearing from several historical localities. These localities are included in this catalog, but in the official local Ministry of Environment red list, these are not considered. Therefore, this species has been classified as VU in the 13
<superScript id="7C215F1EFFE8180AFF030BA5FF70FB74" attach="left" box="[179,192,1171,1185]" fontSize="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">th</superScript>
process of classification of species by the Environmental Ministry of
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FFE8180AFC5E0BA5FB9BFB78" box="[1006,1067,1171,1197]" name="Chile" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Chile</collectingCountry>
under the IUCN criteria (www. mma.gob.cl/clasificacionespecies). After six years of citizen science project, recently this species was seen alive in precordillera of
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FFE8180AFED90BECFE7BFB21" box="[361,459,1242,1268]" country="Chile" name="Region Metropolitana" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Santiago</collectingRegion>
feeding on
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFE8180AFDE00BECFC88FB21" authority="Clos" authorityName="Clos" authorityYear="1847" box="[592,824,1242,1268]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Colletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hystrix">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE8180AFDE00BECFD4DFB21" box="[592,765,1242,1268]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Colletia hystrix</emphasis>
Clos
</taxonomicName>
(David Bijman, CSP record) and representing the first record
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE8180AFF560BC8FE9AFAC2" box="[230,298,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">in situ</emphasis>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFE8180AFEE00BCBFE60FAC2" box="[336,464,1277,1303]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Colletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="azureum">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE8180AFEE00BCBFE60FAC2" box="[336,464,1277,1303]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">C. azureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFE8180AFF770A16FCE4FA8B" blockId="82.[151,1437,150,1374]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE8180AFF770A16FE0AFAEF" bold="true" box="[199,442,1312,1338]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Conservation status.</emphasis>
VU under B2ab (iii) using AOO =
<quantity id="4CAC5FB3FFE8180AFC8E0A16FC22FAEF" box="[830,914,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="km" value="124.0">124 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C215F1EFFE8180AFC220A16FC2AFAFB" attach="left" box="[914,922,1312,1326]" fontSize="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2</superScript>
and only five historical localities (or subpopulations) remain (originally these were 27); EOO =
<quantity id="4CAC5FB3FFE8180AFD7E0A72FCF6FA88" box="[718,838,1347,1374]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2724" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="km" value="22.724">22,724 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C215F1EFFE8180AFCF50A75FCFDFA84" attach="left" box="[837,845,1347,1361]" fontSize="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2</superScript>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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