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<document id="58ADC5BB523C454796E574C90B01C41E" ID-CLB-Dataset="7241" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4959.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e9fcfa2b-72cd-4826-a7e5-c33cd37bf00e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4693464" ID-ZooBank="3BAB6920-30AC-410A-995B-BBDA9E2A105D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1618485552491" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Riera, Pamela, Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura, Guzmán, Vicente Valdés &amp; Henríquez-Piskulich, Patricia" docDate="2021" docId="03FD4340FFEB1809FF270B62FDC5F8C0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4959.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4959 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Copestylum (Lepidopsis) smithae" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="FFC43B38FFBA1858FFB00F36FFB0FFD5" masterDocTitle="Updating the knowledge of the flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Chile: Illustrated catalog, extinction risk and biological notes" masterLastPageNumber="178" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1698937080062" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="DE6DF8C73FC26540AFCC6BC3B0A0DE6C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="B8AD0C1C13B9DF49AB674CEB2E655FAB">Updating the knowledge of the flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Chile: Illustrated catalog, extinction risk and biological notes</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="627DD9D7913248EF32D09862D013E5AC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0333395BF646489EC1820D855504C1E2">Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B5BC8715F385D49B75F0D2968D40D342">Riera, Pamela</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D566C8041B7CC428309728928E5F031C" type="email">pamela.riera1@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="DAD3425B59AC462CD4D24A7147BDDCF3">
<mods:roleTerm id="8871250591DAE15CD91F85E437CDD361">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EE36CFADDF8AB9B20464376CB7A8E804">Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="51D443E334EA1CE9CB083CEE28CD3240" type="email">laurapaninao@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="310F3CE78372A107BE55DB09CEA1C618">Guzmán, Vicente Valdés</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F9B8220A91B2001BB49AF26B4F1D190F" type="email">vicente.mvg@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="48171636D6783C13F39A2D768FECB222" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4BD009466FF10D5F152BEBC67271329A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E5311D2C2F16F3CB11A182E982B305E7">Henríquez-Piskulich, Patricia</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="12C46EB31B336B2B8E1F9ED5C998B3B4" type="email">phenriquezpi@student.unimelb.edu.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="2FAF96E1A89D03EE69AB39EA6FBC56C9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7E8B44820AA8C66BB99C923BBAD305E3">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2828C34ED6E0FD4EBC8655D65399C568">2021-04-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AA1862B845A95674815E6FFF9F46A8F2">4959</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="07CD050136F3E098E6B51134C2B073EC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="33D52269B5B0133C7BA7B3D5A413F4BC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4959.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FD4340FFEB1809FF270B62FDC5F8C0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4705708" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181520958" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4705708" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD4340FFEB1809FF270B62FDC5F8C0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4340FFEB1809FF270B62FDC5F8C0" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFFEB1809FF270B62FCA0FBBB" box="[151,784,1108,1135]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFEB1809FF270B62FCA0FBBB" blockId="81.[151,784,1108,1171]" box="[151,784,1108,1135]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<heading id="D0A3453AFFEB1809FF270B62FCA0FBBB" bold="true" box="[151,784,1108,1135]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFEB1809FF270B62FCA0FBBB" ID-CoL="8BKDX" authority="(Thompson, 1965)" baseAuthorityName="Thompson" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[151,784,1108,1135]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Copestylum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithae" subGenus="Lepidopsis">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FF270B62FCA0FBBB" bold="true" box="[151,784,1108,1135]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FF270B62FE95FBBA" bold="true" box="[151,293,1108,1135]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Copestylum</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FE860B62FD97FBBA" bold="true" box="[310,551,1108,1135]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Lepidopsis) smithae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFEB1809FD860B62FCB8FBBB" author="Thompson, F. C." box="[566,776,1108,1134]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="61 - 62" refId="ref140128" refString="Thompson, F. C. (1965) A New Neotropical Lepidosis Curran (Diptera, Syrphidae). Entomological News, 76, 61 - 62." type="journal article" year="1965">Thompson, 1965</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFFEB1809FF270B4FFE9FFB46" box="[151,303,1145,1171]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFEB1809FF270B4FFE9FFB46" blockId="81.[151,784,1108,1171]" box="[151,303,1145,1171]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<figureCitation id="136FEED3FFEB1809FF270B4FFE9FFB46" box="[151,303,1145,1171]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–121" captionStartId="83.[151,264,1440,1464]" captionTargetBox="[166,1435,560,1416]" captionTargetId="figure-179@83.[151,1435,560,1416]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURES 118–121. Copestylum smithae (Thompson, 1965): (118) lateral view and (119) dorsal view. Scale bars = 1.5 mm (photos by Vicente Valdés). Copestylum azurea (Philippi, 1865): (120) lateral view (Photo by Vicente Valdés). Scale bar = 2 mm, and (121) dorsal view (photo by Matías Barceló). Scale bar = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4693570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4693570/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figs 118–119</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFFEB1809FF270B8BFD82FB00" box="[151,562,1213,1237]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFEB1809FF270B8BFD82FB00" blockId="81.[151,562,1213,1237]" box="[151,562,1213,1237]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FFEB1809FF270B8BFD82FB00" box="[151,562,1213,1237]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FFEB1809FF270B8BFD82FB00" author="Thompson, F. C." box="[151,562,1213,1237]" page="61" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" year="1965">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFEB1809FF270B8BFD82FB00" ID-CoL="Y3VR" authority="Thompson, 1965: 61" authorityName="Thompson" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,562,1213,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Lepidopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithae">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FF270B8BFEEAFB00" box="[151,346,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Lepidopsis smithae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFEB1809FED00B8BFD82FB00" author="Thompson, F. C." box="[352,562,1213,1237]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="61 - 62" refId="ref140128" refString="Thompson, F. C. (1965) A New Neotropical Lepidosis Curran (Diptera, Syrphidae). Entomological News, 76, 61 - 62." type="journal article" year="1965">Thompson, 1965: 61</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFFEB1809FF270A32FEB2FAB3" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFEB1809FF270A32FC5AFACB" blockId="81.[151,1436,1283,1706]" box="[151,1002,1283,1310]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<materialsCitation id="3B3CF80BFFEB1809FF270A32FC56FACB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080455626" box="[151,998,1283,1310]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Argentina" location="Mascasin" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="La Rioja" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FF270A32FE17FACB" bold="true" box="[151,423,1283,1310]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<typeStatus id="54EF4CF4FFEB1809FF270A32FF62FACB" box="[151,210,1284,1310]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Type</typeStatus>
locality and data.
</emphasis>
“
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FFEB1809FE710A32FD97FAC8" box="[449,551,1283,1310]" country="Argentina" name="La Rioja" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">La Rioja</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8E8BA48DFFEB1809FD810A35FD2EFAC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD4340FFEB1809FF270B62FDC5F8C0:8E8BA48DFFEB1809FD810A35FD2EFAC8" box="[561,670,1283,1309]" country="Argentina" name="Mascasin" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" stateProvince="La Rioja">Mascasin</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FFEB1809FD180A35FCABFAC8" box="[680,795,1283,1309]" name="Argentina" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Argentina</collectingCountry>
” (HT,
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFEB1809FCD50A32FCCCFACB" box="[869,892,1284,1310]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED456A93FFEB1809FC380A32FC6EFACB" box="[904,990,1284,1310]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFEB1809FF770A11FEB2FAB3" blockId="81.[151,1436,1283,1706]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FF770A11FE06FA94" bold="true" box="[199,438,1319,1345]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3CF80BFFEB1809FE730A1EFCD0FA94" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080455515" box="[451,864,1319,1346]" location="south Chiapa" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" specimenCount="21" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-male="11" stateProvince="Tarapaca">
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FFEB1809FE730A1EFD9CFA97" box="[451,556,1320,1346]" country="Chile" name="Tarapaca" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Tarapacá</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFEB1809FD8C0A1EFDDEFA97" box="[572,622,1320,1346]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="male">11♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFFEB1809FD300A1EFD03FA97" box="[640,691,1320,1346]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="female">10♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8E8BA48DFFEB1809FD750A11FCD0FA94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD4340FFEB1809FF270B62FDC5F8C0:8E8BA48DFFEB1809FD750A11FCD0FA94" box="[709,864,1319,1345]" name="south Chiapa" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" stateProvince="Tarapaca">south Chiapa</location>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B3CF80BFFEB1809FCC10A1EFF4EFAB3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080455955" collectingDate="1969-04-23" collectionCode="MEUC" collectorName="Leg. L. E. Pena" location="Tarapaca Province" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tarapaca">
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FFEB1809FCC10A1EFBF8FA94" box="[881,1096,1319,1346]" country="Chile" name="Tarapaca" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Tarapacá Province</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FFEAD496FFEB1809FBEA0A11FB68FA94" box="[1114,1240,1319,1345]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1969-04-23">
<collectingDate id="EFAE2D7EFFEB1809FBEA0A11FB68FA94" box="[1114,1240,1319,1345]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1969-04-23">23.IV.1969</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A19780FFEB1809FB590A1EFA2CFA97" box="[1257,1436,1320,1346]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Leg. L.E. Peña</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED456A93FFEB1809FF2F0A7AFF46FAB3" box="[159,246,1356,1382]" country="Chile" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mqd5-c2qe" name="Universidad de Chile" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">MEUC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFFEB1809FF770A59FAD6F9CF" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFEB1809FF770A59FBF9FA7B" blockId="81.[151,1436,1283,1706]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FF770A59FEE0FA5C" bold="true" box="[199,336,1391,1417]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">References.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFEB1809FEE70A59FDF0FA5C" author="Thompson, F. C." box="[343,576,1391,1418]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="61 - 62" refId="ref140128" refString="Thompson, F. C. (1965) A New Neotropical Lepidosis Curran (Diptera, Syrphidae). Entomological News, 76, 61 - 62." type="journal article" year="1965">Thompson, 1965: 61</bibRefCitation>
(desc.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFEB1809FD110A59FC15FA5F" author="Thompson, F. C." box="[673,933,1391,1418]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="73 - 215" refId="ref140281" refString="Thompson, F. C. (1972 b) A contribution to a generic revision of the Neotropical Milesiinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 23, 73 - 215." type="journal article" year="1972">Thompson, 1972b: 110</bibRefCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFEB1809FC040A59FB9CFA5C" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1845" box="[948,1068,1391,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Milesiinae">Milesiinae</taxonomicName>
rev.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFEB1809FBC40A59FA2CFA5F" author="Thompson, F. &amp; Vockeroth, J. R. &amp; Sedman, Y. S." box="[1140,1436,1391,1418]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 195" refId="ref141458" refString="Thompson, F. C, Vockeroth, J. R. &amp; Sedman, Y. S. (1976) Family Syrphidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalog of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Edanee, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49898" type="book chapter" year="1976">
Thompson
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FB430A46FA9BFA5C" box="[1267,1323,1391,1417]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">et al.</emphasis>
, 1976: 84
</bibRefCitation>
(cat.); Whittinton, 1992: 214 (desc.
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFEB1809FD980AA2FD02FA7B" ID-CoL="4QWP" box="[552,690,1428,1454]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Graptomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FD980AA2FD02FA7B" box="[552,690,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Graptomyza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFEB1809FD7A0AA5FC5FFA78" author="Rotheray, G. E. &amp; Marcos-Garcia, M. A. &amp; Perez-Banon, C. &amp; Hancock, E. G. &amp; Maier, C. T." box="[714,1007,1427,1454]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="697 - 749" refId="ref138143" refString="Rotheray, G. E., Marcos-Garcia, M. A., Perez-Banon, C., Hancock, E. G. &amp; Maier, C. T. (2009) Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in Agavaceae and Cactaceae including seven new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156, 697 - 749. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2008.00503. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Rotheray
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FC880AA2FCC0FA78" box="[824,880,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009: 706
</bibRefCitation>
(desc.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFEB1809FF770A8EFCB1FA04" blockId="81.[151,1436,1283,1706]" box="[199,769,1463,1490]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FF770A8EFE1FFA04" bold="true" box="[199,431,1463,1490]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">World distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FFEB1809FE060A81FD98FA04" box="[438,552,1463,1489]" name="Argentina" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FFEB1809FD830A81FD35FA04" box="[563,645,1463,1489]" name="Bolivia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FFEB1809FD0C0A81FD4CFA04" box="[700,764,1463,1489]" name="Chile" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Chile</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFEB1809FF770AEDFC6DFA23" blockId="81.[151,1436,1283,1706]" box="[199,989,1499,1526]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FF770AEDFE70FA20" bold="true" box="[199,448,1499,1525]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Chilean distribution.</emphasis>
Only recorded from
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FFEB1809FD1C0AEAFCD0FA20" box="[684,864,1499,1526]" country="Chile" name="Tarapaca" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Tarapacá region</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="136FEED3FFEB1809FCDE0AEDFC61FA23" box="[878,977,1499,1526]" captionStart="FIGURE 146" captionStartId="98.[151,250,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[281,1253,1084,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-52@98.[273,1314,1072,1876]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURE 146. Distribution map of Copestylum bulbosum (Fluke, 1951) (red circles); Copestylum bolivianum (Hine, 1914) (yellow circles); Copestylum bradleyi (Curran, 1925) (blue circles); Copestylum cockerelli (Curran, 1927) (black circles); Copestylum peruvianum (Vimmer &amp; Soukup, 1839) (green circles); Copestylum parina (Fluke, 1951) (pink circles); Copestylum smithae (Thompson, 1965) (black triangles) in Chile." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4693586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4693586/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 146</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFEB1809FF770AC9FAD6F9CF" blockId="81.[151,1436,1283,1706]" box="[199,1382,1535,1562]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FF770AC9FE2CF9CF" bold="true" box="[199,412,1535,1562]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Altitudinal range.</emphasis>
This species has been recorded inhabiting highland ecosystems (
<quantity id="4CAC5FB3FFEB1809FBC50AC9FA92F9CF" box="[1141,1314,1535,1562]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="m" value="3.65" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="3.5">
<geoCoordinate id="EE609491FFEB1809FBC50AC9FB06F9CF" box="[1141,1206,1535,1562]" degrees="3,500" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" precision="55" value="3.5">3,500</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE609491FFEB1809FB060AC9FB4EF9CF" box="[1206,1278,1535,1562]" degrees="3,800" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" precision="55" value="-3.8">-3,800</geoCoordinate>
m
</quantity>
.a.s.l.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFFEB1809FF770915FDC5F8C0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFEB1809FF770915FCBAF953" blockId="81.[151,1436,1283,1706]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FF770915FE10F9EB" bold="true" box="[199,416,1571,1598]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Biology and notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFEB1809FE160915FD37F9E8" baseAuthorityName="Thompson" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[422,647,1571,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Copestylum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithae">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FE160915FD37F9E8" box="[422,647,1571,1597]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Copestylum smithae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here reported from
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FFEB1809FCCC0915FC09F9E8" box="[892,953,1571,1597]" name="Chile" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Chile</collectingCountry>
for the first time and associated with native flora from the Andes highlands ecosystems in the Puna province (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFEB1809FC35097EFB9EF9B7" author="Morrone, J. J." box="[901,1070,1608,1634]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref135042" refString="Morrone, J. J. (2014) Biogeographical regionalisation of the Neotropical region. Zootaxa, 3782 (1), 1 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3782.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Morrone 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFEB1809FB08097EFA81F9B4" baseAuthorityName="Thompson" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[1208,1329,1607,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Copestylum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithae">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FB08097EFA81F9B4" box="[1208,1329,1607,1634]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">C. smithae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFEB1809FEFA095AFE16F953" box="[330,422,1644,1670]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FEFA095AFE16F953" box="[330,422,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Opuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cacti by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFEB1809FDBC095DFCB6F953" author="Rotheray, G. E. &amp; Marcos-Garcia, M. A. &amp; Perez-Banon, C. &amp; Hancock, E. G. &amp; Maier, C. T." box="[524,774,1643,1670]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="697 - 749" refId="ref138143" refString="Rotheray, G. E., Marcos-Garcia, M. A., Perez-Banon, C., Hancock, E. G. &amp; Maier, C. T. (2009) Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in Agavaceae and Cactaceae including seven new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156, 697 - 749. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2008.00503. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Rotheray
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FDC9095AFD02F950" box="[633,690,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFEB1809FF7709B9FB9CF97F" blockId="81.[151,1436,1283,1706]" box="[199,1068,1679,1706]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FF7709B9FE0BF97F" bold="true" box="[199,443,1679,1706]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Conservation status.</emphasis>
DD; AOO =
<quantity id="4CAC5FB3FFEB1809FDE309A6FD3CF97C" box="[595,652,1679,1706]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C215F1EFFEB1809FD3B09B9FD23F948" attach="left" box="[651,659,1679,1693]" fontSize="6" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">2</superScript>
and one locality (or subpopulation).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFEB1809FF2709CDFDC5F8C0" blockId="81.[151,629,1787,1814]" box="[151,629,1787,1814]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FF2709CDFDC5F8C0" bold="true" box="[151,629,1787,1814]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
Subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFEB1809FEA709CDFDC5F8C0" authority="Rondani, 1848" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1848" box="[279,629,1787,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Phalacromya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFEB1809FEA709CDFE08F8C3" bold="true" box="[279,440,1787,1814]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Phalacromya</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFEB1809FE7009CDFDC5F8C0" author="Rondani, C." box="[448,629,1787,1813]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="63 - 112" refId="ref137650" refString="Rondani, C. (1848) Esame di varie specie d'insetti ditteri brasiliani. Studi Entomologici, Turin, 1, 63 - 112." type="journal article" year="1848">Rondani, 1848</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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