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<document id="C822A4666CB41A19CED111EF386956B7" ID-CLB-Dataset="7241" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4959.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e9fcfa2b-72cd-4826-a7e5-c33cd37bf00e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4693464" ID-ZooBank="3BAB6920-30AC-410A-995B-BBDA9E2A105D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1618485552491" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Riera, Pamela, Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura, Guzmán, Vicente Valdés &amp; Henríquez-Piskulich, Patricia" docDate="2021" docId="03FD4340FF2D18CFFF270FA1FB2AFC18" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4959.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4959 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Toxomerus dispar" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="152" masterDocId="FFC43B38FFBA1858FFB00F36FFB0FFD5" masterDocTitle="Updating the knowledge of the flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Chile: Illustrated catalog, extinction risk and biological notes" masterLastPageNumber="178" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1698937080062" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="4C22B9E99A5BB0C724A666366ADDAF6D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="B5F96BDC7F10C306D9B98B65705BB4C9">Updating the knowledge of the flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Chile: Illustrated catalog, extinction risk and biological notes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CD28BEC27210C434EDAA577119E88D02">Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D1707E7A59CDFFBA1A8E022074BE6364">Riera, Pamela</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C2745A72DC833E0DC50A7773AE8B9497" type="email">pamela.riera1@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="1A9AE835672CFC56908042B089ED595C">Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CD5FE84F283BD0594D807E71F705C706" type="email">laurapaninao@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="6E1D82450AEA79A20F86DC36555C885C">Guzmán, Vicente Valdés</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6A5F972AD2268AD23DB263C04F00D1A4">Henríquez-Piskulich, Patricia</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C8F4F1F2C852A62285DA6976B7BAE227" type="email">phenriquezpi@student.unimelb.edu.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="9C8C5DB0713365D8A2CE8451C75983CF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3868CDDA6C2A0D4E68CB56DAE60A282A">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B92C1E3B9681E8FE772E8C9BF654E107">4959</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7E6FB1E67BE00E07F0FD9D3D329DC3C2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="43276353289C7D19E86EDB9CE675EBFA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4959.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FD4340FF2D18CFFF270FA1FB2AFC18" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4705793" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181520818" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4705793" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD4340FF2D18CFFF270FA1FB2AFC18" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4340FF2D18CFFF270FA1FB2AFC18" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFF2D18CFFF270FA1FCAFFF64" box="[151,799,151,178]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2D18CFFF270FA1FCAFFF64" blockId="151.[151,799,151,178]" box="[151,799,151,178]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<heading id="D0A3453AFF2D18CFFF270FA1FCAFFF64" bold="true" box="[151,799,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFF270FA1FCAFFF64" bold="true" box="[151,799,151,178]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2D18CFFF270FA1FDFCFF64" ID-CoL="57LX7" authority="(Fabricius, 1794)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1794" box="[151,588,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Toxomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFF270FA1FEC0FF67" bold="true" box="[151,368,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Toxomerus dispar</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2D18CFFECF0FA1FDF3FF64" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[383,579,151,177]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refId="ref127948" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1794) Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. C. G. Proft, Hafniae, 472 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 125869" type="book" year="1794">Fabricius, 1794</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, doubtful record
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFF2D18CFFF270FEAFD89FE58" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2D18CFFF270FEAFDB7FF21" blockId="151.[151,595,220,397]" box="[151,519,220,244]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FF2D18CFFF270FEAFDB7FF21" box="[151,519,220,244]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FF2D18CFFF270FEAFDB7FF21" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[151,519,220,244]" page="309" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" year="1794">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2D18CFFF270FEAFDB7FF21" ID-CoL="8Z29K" authority="Fabricius, 1794: 309" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="309" authorityYear="1794" box="[151,519,220,244]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Syrphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFF270FEAFE80FF21" box="[151,304,220,244]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Syrphus dispar</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2D18CFFE860FEAFDB7FF21" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[310,519,220,244]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refId="ref127948" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1794) Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. C. G. Proft, Hafniae, 472 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 125869" type="book" year="1794">Fabricius, 1794: 309</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2D18CFFF270FCDFDBAFEC7" blockId="151.[151,595,220,397]" box="[151,522,250,274]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FF2D18CFFF270FCDFDBAFEC7" box="[151,522,250,274]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FF2D18CFFF270FCDFE4FFEC7" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[151,511,250,274]" page="253" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" year="1805">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2D18CFFF270FCDFE4FFEC7" authority="Fabricius, 1805: 253" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="253" authorityYear="1805" box="[151,511,250,274]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Scaeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFF270FCDFE96FEC7" box="[151,294,250,274]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Scaeva dispar</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2D18CFFE9C0FCCFE4FFEC7" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[300,511,250,274]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refId="ref128080" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1805) Systema antliatorum: secundum ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. C. Reichard, Brunsvigae, 30 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15806" type="book" year="1805">Fabricius, 1805: 253</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
*
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2D18CFFF270E2FFD8AFEE4" blockId="151.[151,595,220,397]" box="[151,570,281,305]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FF2D18CFFF270E2FFD8AFEE4" box="[151,570,281,305]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FF2D18CFFF270E2FFD8AFEE4" author="Wiedemann, C. R. W." box="[151,570,281,305]" page="143" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" year="1830">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2D18CFFF270E2FFD8AFEE4" ID-CoL="543F8" authority="Wiedemann, 1830: 143" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityPageNumber="143" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,570,281,305]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Syrphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basilaris">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFF270E2FFEF8FEE4" box="[151,328,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Syrphus basilaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2D18CFFEFE0E2FFD8AFEE4" author="Wiedemann, C. R. W." box="[334,570,281,305]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refId="ref142783" refString="Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830) Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten. Schulzischen Buchhandlung, Hammburg, 684 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14603" type="book" year="1830">Wiedemann, 1830: 143</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2D18CFFF270E0EFDE3FE85" blockId="151.[151,595,220,397]" box="[151,595,311,336]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FF2D18CFFF270E0EFDE3FE85" box="[151,595,311,336]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FF2D18CFFF270E0EFDF9FE85" author="Williston, S. W." box="[151,585,311,336]" page="313" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" year="1886">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2D18CFFF270E0EFDF9FE85" authority="Williston, 1886: 313" authorityName="Williston" authorityPageNumber="313" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,585,311,336]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Mesograpta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basilaris">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFF270E0EFEC1FE85" box="[151,369,312,336]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Mesograpta basilaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2D18CFFEC70E0EFDF9FE85" author="Williston, S. W." box="[375,585,311,336]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="308 - 324" refId="ref142863" refString="Williston, S. W. (1886) Catalog of the described species of South American Syrphidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 14, 308 - 324. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076478" type="journal article" year="1886">Williston, 1886: 313</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
*
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2D18CFFF270E61FD88FEBB" blockId="151.[151,595,220,397]" box="[151,568,342,366]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FF2D18CFFF270E61FD88FEBB" box="[151,568,342,366]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FF2D18CFFF270E61FD9DFEBB" author="Kertesz, K." box="[151,557,342,366]" page="144" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" year="1910">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2D18CFFF270E61FD9DFEBB" ID-CoL="543F8" authority="Kertesz, 1910: 144" authorityName="Kertesz" authorityPageNumber="144" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,557,342,366]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Toxomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basilaris">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFF270E61FED5FEBB" box="[151,357,342,366]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Toxomerus basilaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2D18CFFEDB0E60FD9DFEBB" author="Kertesz, K." box="[363,557,342,366]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refId="ref131114" refString="Kertesz, K. (1910) Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. Vol. 7. G. Engelmann Budapestini, 470 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5141" type="book" year="1910">Kertész, 1910: 144</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
*
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2D18CFFF270E40FD89FE58" blockId="151.[151,595,220,397]" box="[151,569,373,397]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FF2D18CFFF270E40FD89FE58" box="[151,569,373,397]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FF2D18CFFF270E40FD9DFE58" author="Curran, C. H." box="[151,557,373,397]" page="3" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" year="1930">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2D18CFFF270E40FD9DFE58" authority="Curran, 1930 a: 3" authorityName="Curran" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,557,373,397]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Mesogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Asterales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="basilare">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFF270E40FECBFE58" box="[151,379,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Mesogramma basilare</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2D18CFFE310E43FD9DFE58" author="Curran, C. H." box="[385,557,373,397]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref126523" refString="Curran, C. H. (1930 a) New Diptera belonging to the Genus Mesogramma Loew (Syrphidae). American Museum Novitates, 405, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1930">Curran, 1930a: 3</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
*
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFF2D18CFFF270E8DFD7BFDC8" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2D18CFFF270E8DFE8FFE2C" blockId="151.[151,1437,443,974]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<materialsCitation id="3B3CF80BFF2D18CFFF270E8DFE8BFE2C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080454894" collectionCode="UZMC" country="Virgin Islands" location="St. Croix" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFF270E8DFE17FE00" bold="true" box="[151,423,443,469]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<typeStatus id="54EF4CF4FF2D18CFFF270E8DFF62FE00" box="[151,210,443,469]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Type</typeStatus>
locality and data.
</emphasis>
“America meridionalis” restricted to
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2D18CFFCFE0E8DFC5EFE00" box="[846,1006,443,469]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8E8BA48DFF2D18CFFC490E8DFBEFFE00" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD4340FF2D18CFFF270FA1FB2AFC18:8E8BA48DFF2D18CFFC490E8DFBEFFE00" box="[1017,1119,443,469]" country="Virgin Islands" name="St. Croix" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">St. Croix</location>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2D18CFFBDE0E8DFAE9FE03" author="Thompson, F. C." box="[1134,1369,443,470]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref140476" refString="Thompson, F. C. (1981) The Flower Flies of the West Indies (Diptera, Syrphidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 9, 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1981">Thompson, 1981: 86</bibRefCitation>
) (HT,
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFF2D18CFFF270ED6FF1EFE2F" box="[151,174,480,506]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFF2D18CFFF0A0ED6FF7FFE2F" box="[186,207,480,506]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED456A93FF2D18CFFF6D0EE9FE83FE2C" box="[221,307,479,505]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e6k7-be53" name="Universidad del Zulia" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">UZMC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2D18CFFF770D35FD7BFDC8" blockId="151.[151,1437,443,974]" box="[199,715,515,542]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFF770D35FE01FDC8" bold="true" box="[199,433,515,541]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Material examined.</emphasis>
No specimens reviewed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFF2D18CFFF770D11FDA9FCE8" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2D18CFFF770D11FA8AFD78" blockId="151.[151,1437,443,974]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFF770D11FEE0FD94" bold="true" box="[199,336,551,577]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">References.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2D18CFFEEB0D11FDF9FD94" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[347,585,551,577]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refId="ref127948" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1794) Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. C. G. Proft, Hafniae, 472 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 125869" type="book" year="1794">Fabricius, 1794: 309</bibRefCitation>
(desc.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2D18CFFD000D11FC2DFD94" author="Williston, S. W." box="[688,925,551,577]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="308 - 324" refId="ref142863" refString="Williston, S. W. (1886) Catalog of the described species of South American Syrphidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 14, 308 - 324. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076478" type="journal article" year="1886">Williston, 1886: 312</bibRefCitation>
(cat.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2D18CFFC440D11FB02FD97" author="Goot, V. S. Van Der" box="[1012,1202,551,578]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="212 - 221" refId="ref129355" refString="Goot, V. S. Van Der (1964) Fluke's catalog of Neotropical Syrphidae (Insects, Diptera) a critical study with an appendix on new names in Syrphidae. Beaufortia, 10, 212 - 221." type="journal article" year="1964">Goot, 1964: 215</bibRefCitation>
(cat.); Boyes
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFAEA0D1EFA26FD94" box="[1370,1430,551,577]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
, 1971: 120 (cariotype);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2D18CFFE260D7DFD0AFDB0" author="Thompson, F. &amp; Vockeroth, J. R. &amp; Sedman, Y. S." box="[406,698,587,614]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 195" refId="ref141458" refString="Thompson, F. C, Vockeroth, J. R. &amp; Sedman, Y. S. (1976) Family Syrphidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalog of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Edanee, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49898" type="book chapter" year="1976">
Thompson
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFDA40D7AFDFBFDB0" box="[532,587,587,613]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
, 1976: 39
</bibRefCitation>
(cat.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2D18CFFCB90D7DFB9CFDB3" author="Marinoni, L. &amp; Miranda, G. F. G. &amp; Thompson, F. C." box="[777,1068,587,614]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="553 - 559" refId="ref133036" refString="Marinoni, L., Miranda, G. F. G. &amp; Thompson, F. C. (2004) Abundancia e riqueza de especies de Syrphidae (Diptera) em areas de borda e interior de floresta no Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 48 (4), 553 - 559. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262004000400019" type="journal article" year="2004">
Marinoni
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFCC70D7AFC1FFDB0" box="[887,943,587,613]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
, 2004: 556
</bibRefCitation>
(ecological study);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2D18CFFAB80D7DFE3EFD5C" author="Thompson, F. C. &amp; Thompson, B. J." pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="317 - 331" refId="ref141043" refString="Thompson, F. C. &amp; Thompson, B. J. (2006) A new Toxomerus species from Chile (Diptera, Syrphidae). Studia Dipterologica, 13, 317 - 331." type="journal article" year="2006">Thompson &amp; Thompson, 2006: 321</bibRefCitation>
, figs 4–6 &amp; 12a–c (desc.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2D18CFFD090D59FC14FD5C" author="Marinoni, L. &amp; Morales, M. N. &amp; Spaler, I." box="[697,932,623,650]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="145 - 160" refId="ref133118" refString="Marinoni, L., Morales, M. N. &amp; Spaler, I. (2007) Chave de identificacao ilustrada para os generos de Syrphinae (Diptera, Syrphidae) de ocorrencia no sul do Brasil. Biota Neotropical, 7, 145 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032007000100019" type="journal article" year="2007">
Marinoni
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFC970D46FCEFFD5C" box="[807,863,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007
</bibRefCitation>
(key &amp; dist.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2D18CFFBF50D46FAD7FD5C" author="Borges, Z. M. &amp; Couri, M. S." box="[1093,1383,623,650]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref124925" refString="Borges, Z. M. &amp; Couri, M. S. (2009) Revision of Toxomerus Macquart, 1855 (Diptera, Syrphidae) from Brazil with synonymic notes, identification key to the species and description of three new species. Zootaxa, 2179 (1), 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2179.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">Borges &amp; Couri, 2009: 29</bibRefCitation>
, figs 25–26 (desc.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2D18CFFE8E0DA2FDA3FD78" author="Reemer, M." box="[318,531,659,686]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="163 - 196" refId="ref136923" refString="Reemer, M. (2010) A second survey of Surinam Syrphidae (Diptera): Introduction and Syrphinae. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 153, 163 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000295" type="journal article" year="2010">Reemer, 2010: 191</bibRefCitation>
(desc.); Mengual, 2011: 7 (key);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2D18CFFC3A0DA5FB42FD78" author="Marin-Armijos, D. &amp; Quezada-Rios, N. &amp; Soto-Armijos, C. &amp; Mengual, X." box="[906,1266,659,686]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="163 - 199" refId="ref132981" refString="Marin-Armijos, D., Quezada-Rios, N., Soto-Armijos, C. &amp; Mengual, X. (2017) Checklist of the flower flies of Ecuador (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys, 691, 163 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 691.13328" type="journal article" year="2017">
Marín-Armijos
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFB8B0DA2FBC3FD78" box="[1083,1139,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017: 180
</bibRefCitation>
(cat.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2D18CFFF770D81FBC7FD20" blockId="151.[151,1437,443,974]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFF770D81FE05FD04" bold="true" box="[199,437,695,721]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">World distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2D18CFFE720D81FDB9FD04" box="[450,521,695,721]" name="Brazil" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2D18CFFDAB0D81FD3CFD04" box="[539,652,695,721]" name="Colombia" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2D18CFFD2E0D81FC91FD04" box="[670,801,695,721]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2D18CFFC820D81FCC0FD04" box="[818,880,695,721]" name="Cuba" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Cuba</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2D18CFFC310D81FC50FD04" box="[897,992,695,721]" name="Ecuador" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2D18CFFC420D81FBCDFD04" box="[1010,1149,695,721]" name="El Salvador" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2D18CFFB3E0D81FABAFD04" box="[1166,1290,695,721]" name="Guatemala" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
, Hispaniola,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2D18CFFF270DEDFEB7FD20" box="[151,263,731,757]" name="Honduras" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Honduras</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2D18CFFEA20DEDFEDFFD20" box="[274,367,731,757]" name="Jamaica" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
, Less Antillas,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2D18CFFDAA0DEDFDC2FD20" box="[538,626,731,757]" name="Mexico" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2D18CFFDCD0DEAFCB5FD20" box="[637,773,731,758]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2D18CFFCA00DEDFCCEFD20" box="[784,894,731,757]" name="Suriname" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Suriname</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2D18CFFC390DEDFC4CFD20" box="[905,1020,731,757]" name="Venezuela" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2D18CFFB820DEDFBC2FD20" box="[1074,1138,731,757]" name="Chile" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Chile</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2D18CFFF770DC9FD8DFCCC" blockId="151.[151,1437,443,974]" box="[199,573,767,793]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFF770DC9FE70FCCC" bold="true" box="[199,448,767,793]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Chilean distribution.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2D18CFFF770C15FDA9FCE8" blockId="151.[151,1437,443,974]" box="[199,537,803,829]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFF770C15FE2CFCE8" bold="true" box="[199,412,803,829]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Altitudinal range.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFF2D18CFFF770C71FB2AFC18" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2D18CFFF770C71FB81FC7C" blockId="151.[151,1437,443,974]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFF770C71FE12FCB4" bold="true" box="[199,418,839,865]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Biology and notes.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2D18CFFE1A0C71FD03FCB7" author="Thompson, F. &amp; Vockeroth, J. R. &amp; Sedman, Y. S." box="[426,691,839,866]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 195" refId="ref141458" refString="Thompson, F. C, Vockeroth, J. R. &amp; Sedman, Y. S. (1976) Family Syrphidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalog of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Edanee, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49898" type="book chapter" year="1976">
Thompson
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFD990C7EFDD2FCB4" box="[553,610,839,865]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
(1976)
</bibRefCitation>
recorded
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2D18CFFC940C7EFC5DFCB4" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1794" box="[804,1005,839,865]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Toxomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFC940C7EFC5DFCB4" box="[804,1005,839,865]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Toxomerus dispar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2D18CFFB820C71FBC2FCB4" box="[1074,1138,839,865]" name="Chile" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Chile</collectingCountry>
. Throughout this study we did not find museum specimens or collected specimens of this species. Thus, there is not enough evidence for the species to actually occur in
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2D18CFFE7D0CB9FDBAFC7C" box="[461,522,911,937]" name="Chile" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Chile</collectingCountry>
and it should be considered as a doubtful record.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2D18CFFF770C85FB2AFC18" blockId="151.[151,1437,443,974]" box="[199,1178,947,974]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2D18CFFF770C85FE0BFC18" bold="true" box="[199,443,947,973]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Conservation status.</emphasis>
Not evaluated because this species is a doubtful record for
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2D18CFFBE60C85FB26FC18" box="[1110,1174,947,973]" name="Chile" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Chile</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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