317 lines
36 KiB
XML
317 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="79394F93E2204CEAD706B2E1586C7EDC" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3964.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b334f640-11eb-4db6-afe0-25e7cf6e69d9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="242482" ID-ZooBank="DE38A5A7-32BF-44BD-A450-83EE872AE934" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461073908126" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mound, Laurence A. & Wells, Alice" docDate="2015" docId="03828E3AFF8A9E45FF4C8DEF3A0D77F3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03964p210.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3964 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tenothrips merae Mound & Wells, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="209" masterDocId="FFBBF642FF929E5FFFDB8C573E4A7503" masterDocTitle="Endemics and adventives: Thysanoptera (Insecta) biodiversity of Norfolk, a tiny Pacific Island" masterLastPageNumber="210" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="207" updateTime="1698585707535" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5C05B870F0B56252B4B80D8F1A6ABBDA">
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<mods:title id="AA74A3529696F0F954EDAA10B333892A">Endemics and adventives: Thysanoptera (Insecta) biodiversity of Norfolk, a tiny Pacific Island</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="37A8A3E0AED471EF16FD7589654AD03A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0AF2100D78107E92AB2607CBBB728D02">Mound, Laurence A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="A725DDFA76BC9DA329C6A22743CED138" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8CD8BD03BC22F527B9DE2AC26DF81C3B">Wells, Alice</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C13E90EF4D9402309BFA04048D4F4D98">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="959807830E8530650CCAB2B6D115F502">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7EA0F57469AAE4BA64B18A88138CA11D">
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<mods:date id="CA4E4D7AAF1D67137FD207DBD9A66339">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="CDB933A509A67C830BEC956A52D798FF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="77316B654E8E8273B791190191429358">3964</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="C27D61F0D1C7450B0E3360547DE42F14">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6A024DA60F59148ED525CBF9A1E675C0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3964.2.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03828E3AFF8A9E45FF4C8DEF3A0D77F3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627887" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119617395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5627887" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03828E3AFF8A9E45FF4C8DEF3A0D77F3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03828E3AFF8A9E45FF4C8DEF3A0D77F3" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">
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<subSubSection id="C3316CA7FF8A9E47FF4C8DEF3AB876E8" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF8A9E47FF4C8DEF3FC874D1" blockId="24.[151,386,440,466]" box="[151,386,440,466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">
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<heading id="D0DC8840FF8A9E47FF4C8DEF3FC874D1" bold="true" box="[151,386,440,466]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FF4C8DEF3FC874D1" bold="true" box="[151,386,440,466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">
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<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FF4C8DEF3F7374D1" bold="true" box="[151,313,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">
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Thrips
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF8A9E47FF358DEF3F7374D1" box="[238,313,440,466]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Tenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merae" status="sp. nov.">merae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26C5E45FF8A9E47FE9B8DEF3FC874D1" box="[320,386,440,466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF8A9E47FF4C8DA93AB876E8" blockId="24.[151,1437,510,1939]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">
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This species (
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<figureCitation id="131023A9FF8A9E47FEEA8DA93FF87714" box="[305,434,510,535]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 55" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1702]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,195,1711]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 55. Thrips merae sp. n. (49) Head and pronotum; (50) Antennal segments II – VIII; (51) Mesonotum and metanotum; (52) Tergites VII – IX; (53) Male sternites IV – VII; (54) Female sternites VI – VII; (55) Fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242491/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">
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Figs 49
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<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FE5C8DA93FDF7714" bold="true" box="[391,405,510,535]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">–</emphasis>
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55
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</figureCitation>
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) is a member of a species-group within
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<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FCA78DA93D8C7714" box="[892,966,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Thrips</emphasis>
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genus that is otherwise known only from
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<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF8A9E47FF4C8E743F7A7738" box="[151,304,546,571]" name="New Zealand" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBA42DDFF8A9E47FE998E753C347738" author="Mound" box="[322,638,546,571]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" refString="Mound, L. A. & Masumoto, M. (2005) The genus Thrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) in Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand. Zootaxa, 1020, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="2005">Mound & Masumoto 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). Members of this species-group have three pairs of posteromarginal setae on the second abdominal sternite, whereas species of this genus from the rest of the world have only two pairs. This new species is closely similar to
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<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FD418E3D3D227780" box="[666,872,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">
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Thrips
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF8A9E47FD368E3D3D227780" box="[749,872,618,643]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Tenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuratus">obscuratus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, the
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<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF8A9E47FC7E8E3C3A747780" box="[933,1086,618,643]" name="New Zealand" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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flower thrips that is abundant throughout that country, and is similarly variable in size and colour. However,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF8A9E47FBED8ED83AD377A5" box="[1078,1177,655,678]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Tenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merae">
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<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FBED8ED83AD377A5" box="[1078,1177,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">T. merae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs particularly in having the metanotum much less closely striate. Moreover, even when compared with specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF8A9E47FAD98EE53B3777C8" box="[1282,1405,690,715]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Tenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuratus">
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<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FAD98EE53B3777C8" box="[1282,1405,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">obscuratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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of equal wing length,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF8A9E47FEA88E803FF377ED" box="[371,441,727,750]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Tenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merae">
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<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FEA88E803FF377ED" box="[371,441,727,750]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">merae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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females have a shorter third antennal segment, fewer pronotal discal setae, and shorter microtrichia medially to the comb on tergite VIII. The males have sternal pore plates that are never more than four times as wide as long, and all available specimens have only seven antennal segments. In contrast, males of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF8A9E47FF4C8F153F587658" box="[151,274,834,859]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Tenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuratus">
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<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FF4C8F153F587658" box="[151,274,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">obscuratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have pore plates that are six or more times as wide as long, and both sexes commonly have eight antennal segments. Populations of this new species have been found only in association with the
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<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF8A9E47FB2D8F313BD6767C" box="[1270,1436,870,895]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
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critically endangered endemic plant,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF8A9E47FD918FDB3D7576A0" box="[586,831,906,931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Myoporum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obscurum">
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<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FD918FDB3D7576A0" box="[586,831,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Myoporum obscurum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, of which there are small numbers growing in the National Park as well as a few cultivated specimens in other parts of the island. In
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<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF8A9E47FB9F8FF83A9476C4" box="[1092,1246,942,967]" name="New Zealand" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF8A9E47FB318FF83BCB76C4" box="[1258,1409,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Tenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuratus">
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<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FB318FF83BCB76C4" box="[1258,1409,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">T. obscuratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is highly polyphagous, and breeds in the flowers of a very wide range of native and introduced plants.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3316CA7FF8A9E46FF1C8FA13B4C72A8" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="208" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF8A9E47FF1C8FA13FA870BC" blockId="24.[151,1437,510,1939]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">
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<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FF1C8FA13FEF710D" box="[199,421,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Female macroptera</emphasis>
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: Body, legs and antennae brown, tarsi paler (teneral individuals light brown), fore wings brown but slightly paler at base. Head transversely striate, ocellar triangle almost without sculpture; ocellar setae pair III as long as an ocellus, arising just outside the triangle; postocular setae pairs I, III and V as long as ocellar setae (
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<figureCitation id="131023A9FF8A9E47FF0588353F797178" box="[222,307,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 55" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1702]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,195,1711]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 55. Thrips merae sp. n. (49) Head and pronotum; (50) Antennal segments II – VIII; (51) Mesonotum and metanotum; (52) Tergites VII – IX; (53) Male sternites IV – VII; (54) Female sternites VI – VII; (55) Fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242491/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
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). Antennae 7-segmented. Pronotum (
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<figureCitation id="131023A9FF8A9E47FD0F88353D6C7178" box="[724,806,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 55" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1702]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,195,1711]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 55. Thrips merae sp. n. (49) Head and pronotum; (50) Antennal segments II – VIII; (51) Mesonotum and metanotum; (52) Tergites VII – IX; (53) Male sternites IV – VII; (54) Female sternites VI – VII; (55) Fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242491/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
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) usually transversely striate/reticulate, with less than 10 discal setae; posterior margin with 3 (or 4) pairs of marginal setae. Fore tarsus simple, without a terminal claw. Fore wing (
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<figureCitation id="131023A9FF8A9E47FEC788FD3F2571C0" box="[284,367,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 55" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1702]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,195,1711]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 55. Thrips merae sp. n. (49) Head and pronotum; (50) Antennal segments II – VIII; (51) Mesonotum and metanotum; (52) Tergites VII – IX; (53) Male sternites IV – VII; (54) Female sternites VI – VII; (55) Fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242491/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
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) with two complete rows of setae; clavus with 5 marginal and one long discal setae, terminal and subterminal marginal setae subequal. Mesonotum transversely reticulate, anterior campaniform sensilla present. Metanotum (
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<figureCitation id="131023A9FF8A9E47FE5E88A53F9F7008" box="[389,469,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 55" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1702]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,195,1711]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 55. Thrips merae sp. n. (49) Head and pronotum; (50) Antennal segments II – VIII; (51) Mesonotum and metanotum; (52) Tergites VII – IX; (53) Male sternites IV – VII; (54) Female sternites VI – VII; (55) Fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242491/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
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) transversely striate at anterior, with irregular striations on posterior half, median setae long and arising behind anterior margin; campaniform sensilla present. Tergite II with 3 lateral marginal setae; II– IV with lines of sculpture extending just mesad of median setae and campaniform sensilla; V–VIII with paired ctenidia laterally; VIII with posteromarginal comb of small, irregular microtrichia (
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<figureCitation id="131023A9FF8A9E47FB9389093AD47074" box="[1096,1182,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 55" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1702]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,195,1711]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 55. Thrips merae sp. n. (49) Head and pronotum; (50) Antennal segments II – VIII; (51) Mesonotum and metanotum; (52) Tergites VII – IX; (53) Male sternites IV – VII; (54) Female sternites VI – VII; (55) Fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242491/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
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); X with short median split. Sternites II–VII each with 3 pairs of marginal setae, II with no discal setae, III–VI with about 10, VII with about 7 discal setae (
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<figureCitation id="131023A9FF8A9E47FE5A89F13F9F70BC" box="[385,469,1446,1471]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 55" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1702]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,195,1711]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 55. Thrips merae sp. n. (49) Head and pronotum; (50) Antennal segments II – VIII; (51) Mesonotum and metanotum; (52) Tergites VII – IX; (53) Male sternites IV – VII; (54) Female sternites VI – VII; (55) Fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242491/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF8A9E47FF1C899C3DA37328" blockId="24.[151,1437,510,1939]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">
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<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FF1C899C3F3A70E1" bold="true" box="[199,368,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Measurements</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="5490818EFF8A9E47FEA4899D3FA970E0" box="[383,483,1482,1507]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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female in microns). Distended body length 1500. Head, length 85; width across eyes 155; ocellar setae
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<date id="FF9519ECFF8A9E47FEBE89B83FE67304" box="[357,428,1518,1543]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">III 25.</date>
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Pronotum, length 130, width 200; posteroangular setae 65. Metanotum median setae 45. Fore wing, length 800. Antennal segments III–VII length 45, 43, 35, 55, 20.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF8A9E47FF1C8A613A0373B8" blockId="24.[151,1437,510,1939]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">
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<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FF1C8A613FC1734D" box="[199,395,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Male macroptera</emphasis>
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: Similar to female in colour and structure, but smaller with abdomen more slender; tergite VIII without posteromarginal comb, IX with four setae arising in transverse row with median pair longer than lateral pair; sternites III–VII each with transversely oval pore plate, larger on anterior than on posterior segments, maximum width varying but less than four times as wide as median length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131023A9FF8A9E47FC338AF53A7173B8" box="[1000,1083,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 55" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1702]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,195,1711]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 55. Thrips merae sp. n. (49) Head and pronotum; (50) Antennal segments II – VIII; (51) Mesonotum and metanotum; (52) Tergites VII – IX; (53) Male sternites IV – VII; (54) Female sternites VI – VII; (55) Fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242491/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF8A9E47FF1C8A913FE27200" blockId="24.[151,1437,510,1939]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FF1C8A913FE273DC" bold="true" box="[199,424,1734,1759]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Specimens studied</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="5490818EFF8A9E47FE668A913C6F73DC" box="[445,549,1734,1759]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FD4A8A913D0C73DC" bold="true" box="[657,838,1734,1759]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF8A9E47FD4A8A913D0C73DC" box="[657,838,1734,1759]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, Mt Bates, from flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF8A9E47FB448A903BDE73DC" box="[1183,1428,1734,1759]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Myoporum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obscurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FB448A903BDE73DC" box="[1183,1428,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Myoporum obscurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9519ECFF8A9E47FF4C8ABD3F5A7200" box="[151,272,1770,1795]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" value="2014-03-22">22.iii.2014</date>
|
||
(LAM5917).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF8A9E47FF1C8B583C927290" blockId="24.[151,1437,510,1939]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5490818EFF8A9E47FF1C8B583F737224" box="[199,313,1807,1831]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF8A9E47FE9E8B583F8C7224" box="[325,454,1806,1831]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" type="female">10 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF8A9E47FE0F8B593C717224" box="[468,571,1806,1831]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" type="male">16 males</specimenCount>
|
||
taken with
|
||
<typeStatus id="5490818EFF8A9E47FD138B593D677224" box="[712,813,1806,1831]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; same site,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF8A9E47FC6C8B583A547224" box="[951,1054,1806,1831]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF8A9E47FBF78B583A307224" box="[1068,1146,1806,1831]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
from dead
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF8A9E47FADF8B593BD67224" box="[1284,1436,1806,1831]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Rhopalostylis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FADF8B593BD67224" box="[1284,1436,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Rhopalostylis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
frond,
|
||
<date id="FF9519ECFF8A9E47FF338B643F107248" box="[232,346,1843,1867]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" value="2013-10-24">24.x.2013</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF8A9E47FEB78B643F8A7248" box="[364,448,1842,1867]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
, beaten from foliage,
|
||
<date id="FF9519ECFF8A9E47FD148B653D1B7248" box="[719,849,1842,1867]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" value="2013-12-24">24.xii.2013</date>
|
||
; Palm Glen Track, from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF8A9E47FB5D8B633B6A7248" box="[1158,1312,1842,1867]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Myoporum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obscurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FB5D8B633B6A7248" box="[1158,1312,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">M. obscurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF8A9E47FAEF8B643BD67248" box="[1332,1436,1842,1867]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="FF9519ECFF8A9E47FF4C8B013F59726C" box="[151,275,1878,1903]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" value="2014-03-24">24.iii.2014</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF8A9E47FEFD8B003FD0726C" box="[294,410,1878,1903]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="FF9519ECFF8A9E47FE728B013C6E726C" box="[425,548,1878,1903]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" value="2014-11-24">24.xi.2014</date>
|
||
; Mt Pitt,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF8A9E47FD7F8B003CBD726C" box="[676,759,1878,1903]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF8A9E47FC908B013D8A726C" box="[843,960,1878,1903]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Dodonaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FC908B013D8A726C" box="[843,960,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Dodonaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaves,
|
||
<date id="FF9519ECFF8A9E47FBF08B013AED726C" box="[1067,1191,1878,1903]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" value="2014-03-26">26.iii.2014</date>
|
||
; Burnt Pine, Hillies Restaurant,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF8A9E47FEC78B2C3F397290" box="[284,371,1914,1939]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF8A9E47FE6C8B2B3C007290" box="[439,586,1914,1939]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Myoporum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obscurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8A9E47FE6C8B2B3C007290" box="[439,586,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">M. obscurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9519ECFF8A9E47FD828B2D3C9E7290" box="[601,724,1914,1939]" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" value="2014-11-24">24.xi.2014</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF546FA4FF8B9E46FF4C8A923AAF73F9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242491/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="208" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1702]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF8B9E46FF4C8A923AAF73F9" blockId="25.[151,1435,1733,1786]" pageId="25" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8B9E46FF4C8A923F1873D8" bold="true" box="[151,338,1733,1755]" pageId="25" pageNumber="208">FIGURES 49–55</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8B9E46FEB88A923FA573D8" box="[355,495,1733,1755]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="208">
|
||
Thrips
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF8B9E46FE6B8A913FA573D8" box="[432,495,1734,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Tenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merae" status="sp. nov.">merae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8B9E46FE218A923C2673D8" bold="true" box="[506,620,1733,1755]" pageId="25" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26C5E45FF8B9E46FE218A923C7273D8" box="[506,568,1733,1755]" pageId="25" pageNumber="208" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(49)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Head and pronotum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8B9E46FC868A923DCC73D8" bold="true" box="[861,902,1733,1755]" pageId="25" pageNumber="208">(50)</emphasis>
|
||
Antennal segments II–VIII;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8B9E46FB658A923AA373D8" bold="true" box="[1214,1257,1733,1755]" pageId="25" pageNumber="208">(51)</emphasis>
|
||
Mesonotum and metanotum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8B9E46FECD8AB33F0A73F9" bold="true" box="[278,320,1764,1786]" pageId="25" pageNumber="208">(52)</emphasis>
|
||
Tergites VII–IX;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8B9E46FE2E8AB33C5573F9" bold="true" box="[501,543,1764,1786]" pageId="25" pageNumber="208">(53)</emphasis>
|
||
Male sternites IV–VII;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8B9E46FCC88AB33D7673F9" bold="true" box="[787,828,1764,1786]" pageId="25" pageNumber="208">(54)</emphasis>
|
||
Female sternites VI–VII;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8B9E46FB9C8AB33A3A73F9" bold="true" box="[1095,1136,1764,1786]" pageId="25" pageNumber="208">(55)</emphasis>
|
||
Fore wing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF8B9E46FF4C8B713B4C72A8" blockId="25.[151,1437,1830,1963]" pageId="25" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8B9E46FF4C8B713FF2723C" bold="true" box="[151,440,1830,1855]" pageId="25" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8B9E46FF4C8B713F31723C" bold="true" box="[151,379,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="208">Thrips nigropilosus</emphasis>
|
||
Uzel
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: This species is found worldwide in temperate areas, breeding on many different plant species, particularly lettuce and pyrethrum. In
|
||
<date id="FF9519ECFF8B9E46FD748B1D3D2D7260" box="[687,871,1866,1891]" pageId="25" pageNumber="208" value="2012-12">December 2012</date>
|
||
, the lower leaves of a crop of young Cos lettuce plants on Bullocks Hut Road were found to have considerable damage in association with large numbers of this thrips. The only other specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8B9E46FDF18BC53CFF72A8" box="[554,693,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="208">nigropilosus</emphasis>
|
||
found were also on a lettuce crop, in
|
||
<date id="FF9519ECFF8B9E46FB818BC53B4972A8" box="[1114,1283,1938,1963]" pageId="25" pageNumber="208" value="2014-02">February 2014</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3316CA7FF8B9E45FF4C8B8D3A0D77F3" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="25" pageNumber="208" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF8B9E45FF4C8B8D3A53748B" blockId="25.[151,1436,2010,2035]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1437,151,392]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="25" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8B9E46FF4C8B8D3C5772F0" bold="true" box="[151,541,2010,2035]" pageId="25" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF8B9E46FF4C8B8D3FF272F0" bold="true" box="[151,440,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="208">
|
||
Thrips
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF8B9E46FF378B8D3FF272F0" authority="Bianchi" authorityName="Bianchi" box="[236,440,2010,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Tenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novocaledonensis">novocaledonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Bianchi
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131023A9FF8B9E46FDF48B8D3CCF72F0" box="[559,645,2010,2035]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 42" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,189,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,187,1926]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 42. Thripidae species. (33) Anaphothrips dubius; (34) Anaphothrips sudanensis; (35) Apterothrips apteris; (36) Tenothrips frici; (37) Chaetanaphothrips orchidii; (38) Aptinothrips rufus; (39) Thrips novocaledonensis; (40) Thrips australis; (41) Hercinothrips bicinctus; (42) Plesiothrips perplexus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242489/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="208">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
): This species occurs in abundance everywhere on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF8B9E46FB0F8B8D3B3472F0" box="[1236,1406,2010,2035]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="25" pageNumber="208">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It appears to breed only in flowers, and was found in virtually every
|
||
<typeStatus id="5490818EFF889E45FCA38CCF3DE275B3" box="[888,936,152,176]" pageId="26" pageNumber="209">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of flower on the island that was examinedin gardens, vegetable areas, and forests. The original specimens studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA42DDFF889E45FC2B8CEB3AD975D7" author="Palmer" box="[1008,1171,188,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="209" refString="Palmer, J. M. (1992) Thrips from Pakistan to the Pacific: a review. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 61, 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1992">Palmer (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that provided the basis for the record of
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF889E45FEBB8C883C7275FB" box="[352,568,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="209">Thrips hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF889E45FD5A8C883D6D75FB" box="[641,807,223,248]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="26" pageNumber="209">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA42DDFF889E45FCE28C883DAB75FB" author="Smithers" box="[825,993,223,248]" pageId="26" pageNumber="209" refString="Smithers, C. N. (1998) A species list and bibliography of the insects recorded from Norfolk Island. Technical Reports of the Australian Museum, 13, 1 - 55. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 1031 - 8062.13.1998.1282" type="journal article" year="1998">Smithers 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have been re-examined and correctly identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF889E45FEFC8D523C43741E" box="[295,521,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Tenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novocaledonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF889E45FEFC8D523F7E741F" box="[295,308,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="209">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF889E45FE998D533C43741E" box="[322,521,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="209">novocaledonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This species is not known from the Australian mainland, but was described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF889E45FF4C8D7F3F017443" box="[151,331,295,320]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="26" pageNumber="209">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and is recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF889E45FDB88D7F3C89743C" box="[611,707,296,319]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="26" pageNumber="209">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Frequently males were observed on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF889E45FB528D703B7E7443" box="[1161,1332,295,320]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="26" pageNumber="209">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
forming aggregations, sometimes on individual flowers, but sometimes on the leaves of plants that did not bear any flowers. The significance of these aggregations to breeding behaviour remains unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF889E45FF4C8DE03FA1773E" blockId="26.[151,1436,439,573]" pageId="26" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF889E45FF4C8DE03F8974D3" bold="true" box="[151,451,439,464]" pageId="26" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF889E45FF4C8DE03F0E74D3" bold="true" box="[151,324,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="209">Thrips simplex</emphasis>
|
||
(Morison)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF889E45FDDE8DE03C2674D3" ID-CoL="8VXVR" box="[517,620,439,464]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="26" pageNumber="209" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">gladiolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
thrips is found worldwide, wherever
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF889E45FBCE8DE03AC974D3" ID-CoL="8VXVR" box="[1045,1155,439,464]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="26" pageNumber="209" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF889E45FBCE8DE03AC974D3" box="[1045,1155,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="209">Gladiolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is cultivated, although it presumably originated in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF889E45FE678D8B3C1B74F6" box="[444,593,476,501]" name="South Africa" pageId="26" pageNumber="209">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Feeding damage usually takes the form of streaking on the flowers. One population was found on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF889E45FE6E8DA83C16771B" box="[437,604,511,536]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="26" pageNumber="209">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, on some flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF889E45FC998DA83DFA771B" ID-CoL="8VXVR" box="[834,944,511,536]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Gladiolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="26" pageNumber="209" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF889E45FC998DA83DFA771B" box="[834,944,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="209">Gladiolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants growing as weeds on open land near the start of Palm Grove Track.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF889E45FF4C8E3B3A0D77F3" blockId="26.[151,1436,620,752]" pageId="26" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF889E45FF4C8E3B3F8E7786" bold="true" box="[151,452,620,645]" pageId="26" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF889E45FF4C8E3B3F7A7786" bold="true" box="[151,304,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="209">Thrips tabaci</emphasis>
|
||
Lindemann
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: The onion thrips is found throughout the world, except in the wet tropics. It is highly polyphagous, and large numbers of females were found on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF889E45FCEA8ED83D9F77AB" box="[817,981,655,680]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="26" pageNumber="209">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
on leeks and shallots, as well as carrots, young cabbages, and young bean plants, often in association with considerable leaf damage. It was particularly abundant in
|
||
<date id="FF9519ECFF889E45FEFA8E803F9D77F3" box="[289,471,727,752]" pageId="26" pageNumber="209" value="2014-11">November 2014</date>
|
||
after several months during which little rain had fallen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |