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<document id="804B4A787196BEB73C777B9193FA0FC9" ID-CLB-Dataset="32580" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4300.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="92938be1-837f-4f83-82ec-8bd8b9c9395c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="837191" ID-ZooBank="AEB1E292-FDE0-4170-BA82-2E396873BF00" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1501583575688" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Deprá, Gabriel De Carvalho, Silva, Hugmar Pains &amp; Graça, Weferson Júnio Da" docDate="2017" docId="F61087D5724CFFF969F1F925ABCCAD5B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4300.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4300 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Melanorivulus pictus Costa" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="120" masterDocId="0A29FFAD724AFFF06966FFFEA87DA86B" masterDocTitle="A new pelvic-less species of Melanorivulus Costa (Cyprinodontiformes: Cynolebiidae), with a discussion on the pelvic-fin absence in killifishes" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="111" pageNumber="117" updateTime="1698466109119" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="69BCACDDB712661671165F06E82D368D">A new pelvic-less species of Melanorivulus Costa (Cyprinodontiformes: Cynolebiidae), with a discussion on the pelvic-fin absence in killifishes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="53FE857796B28FE0237871431143880A">Deprá, Gabriel De Carvalho</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="83B89469D48BE3DA4F46E6387BA19D61">Graça, Weferson Júnio Da</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="F61087D5724CFFF969F1F925ABCCAD5B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6003709" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132618091" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6003709" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F61087D5724CFFF969F1F925ABCCAD5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F61087D5724CFFF969F1F925ABCCAD5B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<subSubSection id="36A36548724CFFF669F1F925A896AF7C" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7E0636C3724CFFF669F1F925AA3EAE9E" blockId="6.[151,579,1755,1815]" box="[151,579,1755,1781]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<heading id="254E81AF724CFFF669F1F925AA3EAE9E" bold="true" box="[151,579,1755,1781]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D40724CFFF669F1F925AA3EAE9E" ID-CoL="3ZB5P" authority="Costa, 1989" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="Costa" box="[151,579,1755,1781]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD1724CFFF669F1F925AA3EAE9E" bold="true" box="[151,579,1755,1781]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD1724CFFF669F1F925A9E5AE9E" bold="true" box="[151,408,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Melanorivulus pictus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1A284B32724CFFF668C1F925AA47AE9E" author="Costa" box="[423,570,1755,1781]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" refString="Costa, W. J. E. M. (1989) Descricao de cinco novas especies de Rivulus das bacias dos rios Parana e Sao Francisco (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 6 (3), 523 - 534." type="journal article" year="1989">Costa, 1989</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E0636C3724CFFF669F1F900A896AF7C" blockId="6.[151,579,1755,1815]" box="[151,235,1790,1815]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
(
<figureCitation id="E6822A46724CFFF669F9F900A89FAF7C" box="[159,226,1790,1815]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1828]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Melanorivulus pictus: (a) paratype, MNRJ 11551, 24.0 mm SL, female; (b) holotype, MNRJ 11550, 24.0 mm SL, male; (c) MZUEL 12835, 23.0 mm SL, male; (d) MZUEL 12835, 21.6 mm SL, female; (e) MZUEL 12835, 14.3 mm SL, juvenile." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/837201/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="36A36548724CFFF669F1F8BFAC02AFBA" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7E0636C3724CFFF669F1F8BFAA5CAFD9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1856,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5EA911ED724CFFF669F1F8BFAA5CAFD9" infered="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D40724CFFF669F1F8BFA998AF3D" ID-CoL="4T7JG" authority="Costa, 1989: 525" authorityName="Costa" authorityPageNumber="525" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,485,1856,1878]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD1724CFFF669F1F8BFA955AF3D" box="[151,296,1857,1878]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Rivulus pictus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="FF1810D2724CFFF66857F8BEA998AF3D" author="Costa" box="[305,485,1856,1878]" page="525" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="1A284B32724CFFF66857F8BEA9CDAF3D" author="Costa" box="[305,432,1856,1878]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" refString="Costa, W. J. E. M. (1989) Descricao de cinco novas especies de Rivulus das bacias dos rios Parana e Sao Francisco (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 6 (3), 523 - 534." type="journal article" year="1989">Costa, 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 525
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
-527, figs. 2, 2a (
<typeStatus id="A1028861724CFFF66BFCF8BEAAB3AF3D" box="[666,718,1856,1878]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Type</typeStatus>
locality, “córrego Fumal no cruzamento com a rod. Brasília-Distrito Federal,
<collectingCountry id="06AE7653724CFFF66846F8A1A91CAF1E" box="[288,353,1887,1909]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Brasil</collectingCountry>
”; original description; key); Costa, 1995: 208, 212–216 (key; redescription); Costa, 2003: 542 (synonymic list, maximum length, distribution);
<treatmentCitation id="FF1810D2724CFFF66B5DF880AAA0AFFF" author="Costa" box="[571,733,1918,1940]" page="71" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="1A284B32724CFFF66B5DF880AAC4AFFF" author="Costa" box="[571,697,1918,1940]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" refString="Costa, W. J. E. M. (2005) Seven new species of the killifish genus Rivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the Parana, Paraguay and upper Araguaia river basins, central Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 3 (1), 69 - 82." type="journal article" year="2005">Costa, 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 71
</treatmentCitation>
(key); Costa, 2006: 161, 175 (inclusion in subgenus
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D40724CFFF66C67F880ADE8AFF8" ID-CoL="5NJK" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="2006" box="[1281,1429,1918,1939]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD1724CFFF66C67F880ADE8AFF8" box="[1281,1429,1918,1939]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Melanorivulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; osteology; phylogenetic analysis).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E0636C3724CFFF669F1F845AC02AFBA" blockId="6.[151,1436,1856,2001]" box="[151,1151,1979,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5EA911ED724CFFF669F1F845AC02AFBA" box="[151,1151,1979,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D40724CFFF669F1F845AA5BAFBA" ID-CoL="3ZB5P" authority="Costa, 2011: 241" authorityName="Costa" authorityPageNumber="241" authorityYear="Costa" box="[151,550,1979,2001]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD1724CFFF669F1F845A910AFBA" box="[151,365,1979,2001]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Melanorivulus pictus</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="FF1810D2724CFFF6681DF845AA5BAFBA" author="Costa" box="[379,550,1979,2001]" page="241" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="1A284B32724CFFF6681DF845A98BAFBA" author="Costa" box="[379,502,1979,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" refString="Costa, W. J. E. M. (2011) Phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of Anablepsoides, Atlantirivulus, Cynodonichthys, Laimosemion and Melanorivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 22 (3), 233 - 249." type="journal article" year="2011">Costa, 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 241
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(inclusion in genus
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D40724CFFF66B95F845ABFAAFBB" ID-CoL="5NJK" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="2006" box="[755,903,1979,2000]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD1724CFFF66B95F845ABFAAFBB" box="[755,903,1979,2000]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Melanorivulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; phylogenetic analysis).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="2AC6664B724DFFF769F1F87FAB4EAFDD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/837199/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1900]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="7E0636C3724DFFF769F1F87FAB4EAFDD" blockId="7.[151,1435,1921,1974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD1724DFFF769F1F87FA96FAFFD" bold="true" box="[151,274,1921,1943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Collection sites of
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D40724DFFF768B3F87CAAC5AFFC" authority="Deprá &amp; Silva &amp; Graça, 2017" authorityName="Deprá &amp; Silva &amp; Graça" authorityYear="2017" box="[469,696,1922,1943]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nelsoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD1724DFFF768B3F87CAAC5AFFC" box="[469,696,1922,1943]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Melanorivulus nelsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57FE57AA724DFFF76BA2F87CAB3CAFFC" box="[708,833,1921,1943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, in Brazil, Mato Grosso, rio São Lourenço basin: (a) pool at córrego Beleza; (b) tributary of the córrego Beleza (type locality).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2AC6664B7242FFF869F1F8C4A88DAFE6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/837201/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1828]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="7E0636C37242FFF869F1F8C4A88DAFE6" blockId="8.[151,1436,1850,1933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD17242FFF869F1F8C4A96EAF24" bold="true" box="[151,275,1850,1872]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D407242FFF8687FF8C4A98DAF3B" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="Costa" box="[281,496,1850,1872]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD17242FFF8687FF8C4A98DAF3B" box="[281,496,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Melanorivulus pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (a) paratype, MNRJ 11551, 24.0 mm SL, female; (b) holotype, MNRJ 11550, 24.0 mm SL, male; (c) MZUEL 12835, 23.0 mm SL, male; (d) MZUEL 12835, 21.6 mm SL, female; (e) MZUEL 12835, 14.3 mm SL, juvenile.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="36A365487243FFF969F1FF69A9E7AC33" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7E0636C37243FFF969F1FF69AA2CAAC3" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD17243FFF969F1FF69A962A8DB" bold="true" box="[151,287,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Comments.</emphasis>
The re-examination of the type series of
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D407243FFF96A6BFF66AB82A8C4" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="Costa" box="[781,1023,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD17243FFF96A6BFF66AB82A8C4" box="[781,1023,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Melanorivulus pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
revealed that one paratype (MNRJ 11551, female;
<figureCitation id="E6822A467243FFF9682EFF42A9F1A8BE" box="[328,396,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1828]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Melanorivulus pictus: (a) paratype, MNRJ 11551, 24.0 mm SL, female; (b) holotype, MNRJ 11550, 24.0 mm SL, male; (c) MZUEL 12835, 23.0 mm SL, male; (d) MZUEL 12835, 21.6 mm SL, female; (e) MZUEL 12835, 14.3 mm SL, juvenile." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/837201/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
a) lacks the pelvic fin from both sides. This fact was overlooked in the original description (which was based in 22 specimens;
<bibRefCitation id="1A284B327243FFF96B4BFF1EAAC5A893" author="Costa" box="[557,696,224,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" refString="Costa, W. J. E. M. (1989) Descricao de cinco novas especies de Rivulus das bacias dos rios Parana e Sao Francisco (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 6 (3), 523 - 534." type="journal article" year="1989">Costa, 1989</bibRefCitation>
), and in all subsequent papers
<collectedFrom id="CDA5753E7243FFF96D74FF1EACA4A893" box="[1042,1241,224,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
on
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D407243FFF96D50FF1EACA4A893" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="2006" box="[1078,1241,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD17243FFF96D50FF1EACA4A893" box="[1078,1241,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Melanorivulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
. In fact, the only species that was known, until now, to lack the pelvic fin is
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D407243FFF96A41FEFBABB7A977" box="[807,970,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planaltinus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD17243FFF96A41FEFBABB7A977" box="[807,970,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">M. planaltinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the presence of the pelvic fin is also polymorphic (
<bibRefCitation id="1A284B327243FFF9680EFED6AA27A92B" author="Costa" box="[360,602,295,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" refString="Costa, W. J. E. M. &amp; Brasil, G. C. (2008) A new pelvicless killifish species of the genus Rivulus, subgenus Melanorivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), from the upper Tocantins river basin, Central Brazil. Copeia, 2008 (1), 82 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CI- 07 - 079" type="journal article" year="2008">Costa &amp; Brasil, 2008</bibRefCitation>
). Although it was not possible to examine the aforementioned paratype for the presence of the pelvic girdle, 2 c&amp;s specimens examined herein proved to be devoid of this bone, as well as of the fin itself. These specimens belong to a population found not far from the type locality. Within this population (363 specimens available, not including those smaller than 8.0 mm SL, in which the pelvic fin is not formed yet), 300 (82.6%) present two pelvic fins, 14 (3.8%) present a single pelvic fin and 49 (13.4%) present no pelvic fins. Pelvic-fin length was measured from 115 specimens presenting both fins, to verify whether the pelvic-fin length is a normally distributed character and to examine its allometry (
<figureCitation id="E6822A467243FFF96A35FE01ABE5AA73" box="[851,920,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1993,2015]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,1411,1966]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,1353,1971]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Polynomial regression showing the relationship between standard length and pelvic-fin length in M. pictus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/837203/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). The pelivc-fin length was also measured for 6 specimens with a single pelvic; all but one presented a relatively small fin, which averaged 71.7% (standard deviation 0.25) of the length predicted by the regression in
<figureCitation id="E6822A467243FFF96A5AFDB9ABFCAA0B" box="[828,897,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1993,2015]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,1411,1966]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,1353,1971]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Polynomial regression showing the relationship between standard length and pelvic-fin length in M. pictus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/837203/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
. Among c&amp;s specimens of
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D407243FFF96DDAFDB7AD5BAA34" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="Costa" box="[1212,1318,584,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD17243FFF96DDAFDB7AD5BAA34" box="[1212,1318,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">M. pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, two have both pelvic fins. One has six rays on either side, and the other has seven. The only c&amp;s specimen with only one, atrophied pelvic fin, has only four rays.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E0636C37243FFF969A1FD4AA9E7AC33" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
The first reference to the frontal squamation pattern of
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D407243FFF96A5AFD4AAC57AAA7" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="Costa" box="[828,1066,692,716]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD17243FFF96A5AFD4AAC57AAA7" box="[828,1066,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Melanorivulus pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was presented by
<bibRefCitation id="1A284B327243FFF96D98FD4AA8B1AA9B" author="Costa" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" refString="Costa, W. J. E. M. (1995 a) Revision of the Rivulus punctatus species-complex (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 6 (3), 207 - 226." type="journal article" year="1995" yearSuffix="a">Costa (1995a: 213)</bibRefCitation>
, who mentioned that the species exhibits both the E and F patterns. However, as already mentioned, Costa (1995) mixed samples of several species in his account of
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D407243FFF96A5FFD03ABDEAB7F" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="Costa" box="[825,931,765,788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD17243FFF96A5FFD03ABDEAB7F" box="[825,931,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">M. pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="1A284B327243FFF96AD5FD02ACABAB7E" author="Costa" box="[947,1238,764,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" refString="Costa, W. J. E. M. (2005) Seven new species of the killifish genus Rivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the Parana, Paraguay and upper Araguaia river basins, central Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 3 (1), 69 - 82." type="journal article" year="2005">Costa (2005: 70–71, key)</bibRefCitation>
distinguished
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D407243FFF96C1BFD03A8A7AB5C" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="Costa" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD17243FFF96C1BFD03A8A7AB5C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">M. pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from all other congeners by a combination of characters including E-patterned frontal scales.
<bibRefCitation id="1A284B327243FFF96D90FCDEA89CAB37" author="Costa" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" refString="Costa, W. J. E. M. &amp; Brasil, G. C. (2008) A new pelvicless killifish species of the genus Rivulus, subgenus Melanorivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), from the upper Tocantins river basin, Central Brazil. Copeia, 2008 (1), 82 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CI- 07 - 079" type="journal article" year="2008">
Costa &amp;
<collectingCountry id="06AE76537243FFF96C3FFCE1ADE1AB53" box="[1369,1436,799,824]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Brasil</collectingCountry>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D407243FFF968C7FCBBAA71AB37" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="Costa" box="[417,524,837,860]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD17243FFF968C7FCBBAA71AB37" box="[417,524,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">M. pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares with
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D407243FFF96BC5FCBBAB37AB37" box="[675,842,836,860]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planaltinus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD17243FFF96BC5FCBBAB37AB37" box="[675,842,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">M. planaltinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
similar meristic characters, but considered that the latter exhibits only E-patterned frontal squamation. However, of ten
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D407243FFF96AD2FC96ACD8AB14" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="Costa" box="[948,1189,872,896]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD17243FFF96AD2FC96ACD8AB14" box="[948,1189,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Melanorivulus pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens examined herein for the frontal squamation pattern, only four have typical E-patterned scales; two have a typical F pattern; one has an E pattern on one side of the head and a F pattern on the other; one has, also contralaterally, F and D patterns; one has a D pattern on each side; and one has no pattern at all, because there is no scale that is not overlapped by at least one other scale. Given the fact that
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D407243FFF96A38FC07ABA4AC7B" authorityName="Deprá &amp; Silva &amp; Graça" authorityYear="2017" box="[862,985,1016,1040]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nelsoni">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD17243FFF96A38FC07ABA4AC7B" box="[862,985,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">M. nelsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also exhibits a wide range of frontal squamation patterns, we suggest that this character should not be given much importance in distinguishing among
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D407243FFF969F1FBBEA946AC33" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,315,1088,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD17243FFF969F1FBBEA946AC33" box="[151,315,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Melanorivulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="36A365487243FFF969A1FB9AABCCAD5B" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7E0636C37243FFF969A1FB9AABCCAD5B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
<materialsCitation id="CED13C9E7243FFF969A1FB9AA95AACAF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1585189659" collectingDate="1981-04-18" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="L. E. M. Cardoso" country="Brazil" county="Material" latitude="-15.583333" location="Fumal" longLatPrecision="1284" longitude="-47.666668" municipality="Brasilia" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" specimenCode="MNRJ 11550, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Distrito Federal" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD17243FFF969A1FB9AA9CDAC16" bold="true" box="[199,432,1124,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
<collectingCounty id="97674E4F7243FFF969A1FB9AA952AC16" box="[199,303,1124,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Material</collectingCounty>
examined.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D407243FFF968D0FB9BAA60AC17" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="Costa" box="[438,541,1125,1148]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD17243FFF968D0FB9BAA60AC17" box="[438,541,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">M. pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<specimenCode id="2E1F9EB87243FFF96B4DFB9BAAA1AC17" box="[555,732,1124,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
<collectionCode id="18A8AE067243FFF96B4DFB9BAA0BAC17" box="[555,630,1125,1148]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">MNRJ</collectionCode>
11550, 1
</specimenCode>
, 24.0 mm SL, male,
<typeStatus id="A10288617243FFF96AA2FB9AAC5BAC16" box="[964,1062,1124,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D407243FFF96D2CFB9AAC9AAC17" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="1989" box="[1098,1255,1124,1148]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD17243FFF96D2CFB9AAC9AAC17" box="[1098,1255,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Rivulus pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="06AE76537243FFF96D92FB9AAD46AC16" box="[1268,1339,1124,1149]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="BC7DF8217243FFF96C20FB9AA893ACCB" country="Brazil" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Distrito Federal</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="9E62ACB97243FFF9699FFB79A92EACCB" box="[249,339,1159,1184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Brasília</collectingMunicipality>
, córrego
<location id="7B6660187243FFF968DDFB79AA7EACCB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F61087D5724CFFF969F1F925ABCCAD5B:7B6660187243FFF968DDFB79AA7EACCB" box="[443,515,1159,1184]" country="Brazil" county="Material" latitude="-15.583333" longLatPrecision="1284" longitude="-47.666668" municipality="Brasilia" name="Fumal" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" stateProvince="Distrito Federal">Fumal</location>
(
<location id="7B6660187243FFF96B77FB79AA93ACCB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F61087D5724CFFF969F1F925ABCCAD5B:7B6660187243FFF96B77FB79AA93ACCB" box="[529,750,1159,1184]" country="Brazil" county="Material" latitude="-15.583333" longLatPrecision="1284" longitude="-47.666668" municipality="Brasilia" name="rio Sao Bartolomeu" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" stateProvince="Distrito Federal">rio São Bartolomeu</location>
/
<location id="7B6660187243FFF96B91FB79ABF8ACCB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F61087D5724CFFF969F1F925ABCCAD5B:7B6660187243FFF96B91FB79ABF8ACCB" box="[759,901,1159,1184]" country="Brazil" county="Material" latitude="-15.583333" longLatPrecision="1284" longitude="-47.666668" municipality="Brasilia" name="rio Corumba" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" stateProvince="Distrito Federal">rio Corumbá</location>
basin), c.
<geoCoordinate id="1B8D50047243FFF96A9CFB79AC29ACCB" box="[1018,1108,1159,1184]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" precision="925" value="-15.583333">15°35′S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="1B8D50047243FFF96D07FB79ACBAACCB" box="[1121,1223,1159,1184]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" precision="925" value="-47.666668">47°40′W</geoCoordinate>
;
<collectorName id="D34C53157243FFF96DB4FB77ADE5ACCB" box="[1234,1432,1159,1184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">L. E. M. Cardoso</collectorName>
,
<date id="0A0710037243FFF969F1FB52A95AACAF" box="[151,295,1196,1220]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" value="1981-04-18">
<collectingDate id="1A43E9EB7243FFF969F1FB52A95AACAF" box="[151,295,1196,1220]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" value="1981-04-18">18 Apr 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="CED13C9E7243FFF96857FB53AD4FACAE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1585189662" box="[305,1330,1196,1221]" collectingDate="1981-04-18" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="L. E. M. Cardoso" country="Brazil" county="Material" latitude="-15.583333" location="Fumal" longLatPrecision="1284" longitude="-47.666668" municipality="Brasilia" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" specimenCode="MNRJ 11551, 2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Distrito Federal" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="2E1F9EB87243FFF96857FB53A998ACAF" box="[305,485,1196,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
<collectionCode id="18A8AE067243FFF96857FB53A901ACAF" box="[305,380,1197,1220]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">MNRJ</collectionCode>
11551, 2
</specimenCode>
,
<quantity id="B9419B267243FFF96897FB52AAE9ACAF" box="[497,660,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.385" metricValueMax="2.46" metricValueMin="2.31" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="23.85" valueMax="24.6" valueMin="23.1">23.1–24.6 mm</quantity>
SL,
<typeStatus id="A10288617243FFF96BAFFB53AB49ACAE" box="[713,820,1197,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="B9B94D407243FFF96A3EFB52AB8BACAF" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="1989" box="[856,1014,1196,1220]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="4CCDEAD17243FFF96A3EFB52AB8BACAF" box="[856,1014,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Rivulus pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, same data as
<collectionCode id="18A8AE067243FFF96DF1FB53AC9FACAF" box="[1175,1250,1197,1220]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">MNRJ</collectionCode>
11550
</materialsCitation>
. MZUEL 12834, 108,
<quantity id="B9419B267243FFF9684CFB31A9BEAC83" box="[298,451,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" metricValueMax="2.56" metricValueMin="0.42" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="14.9" valueMax="25.6" valueMin="4.2">4.2–25.6 mm</quantity>
SL. MZUEL 12835, 101,
<quantity id="B9419B267243FFF96B98FB31ABEBAC83" box="[766,918,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.545" metricValueMax="2.42" metricValueMin="0.67" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="15.45" valueMax="24.2" valueMin="6.7">6.7–24.2 mm</quantity>
SL. MZUEL 12836, 101, 5.0–
<quantity id="B9419B267243FFF96C62FB31AD17AC83" box="[1284,1386,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="22.1">22.1 mm</quantity>
SL.
<materialsCitation id="CED13C9E7243FFF969F1FB0BABCCAD5B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1585189660" collectionCode="MZUEL" country="Brazil" county="Brasilia" latitude="-15.716666" location="rio Sao Bartolomeu" longLatPrecision="1284" longitude="-47.883335" municipality="Bananal" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" specimenCode="MZUEL 12838, 111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Distrito Federal" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="2E1F9EB87243FFF969F1FB0BA9FFAD67" box="[151,386,1268,1292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
<collectionCode id="18A8AE067243FFF969F1FB0BA885AD67" box="[151,248,1269,1292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">MZUEL</collectionCode>
12838, 111
</specimenCode>
,
<quantity id="B9419B267243FFF968F7FB0AAA54AD67" box="[401,553,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.63" metricValueMax="2.43" metricValueMin="0.83" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="16.3" valueMax="24.3" valueMin="8.3">8.3–24.3 mm</quantity>
SL (4&amp;s):
<collectingCountry id="06AE76537243FFF96BC9FB0AAA8BAD66" box="[687,758,1268,1293]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="BC7DF8217243FFF96A63FB0AABC6AD66" box="[773,955,1268,1293]" country="Brazil" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Distrito Federal</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="97674E4F7243FFF96AAFFB0AAC5EAD66" box="[969,1059,1268,1293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Brasília</collectingCounty>
, stream tributary to the ribeirão
<collectingMunicipality id="9E62ACB97243FFF969F1FAE9A88EAD5B" box="[151,243,1303,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Bananal</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location id="7B6660187243FFF96867FAE9A9A3AD5B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F61087D5724CFFF969F1F925ABCCAD5B:7B6660187243FFF96867FAE9A9A3AD5B" box="[257,478,1303,1328]" country="Brazil" county="Brasilia" latitude="-15.716666" longLatPrecision="1284" longitude="-47.883335" municipality="Bananal" name="rio Sao Bartolomeu" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" stateProvince="Distrito Federal">rio São Bartolomeu</location>
/
<location id="7B6660187243FFF96880FAE9AA09AD5B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F61087D5724CFFF969F1F925ABCCAD5B:7B6660187243FFF96880FAE9AA09AD5B" box="[486,628,1303,1328]" country="Brazil" county="Brasilia" latitude="-15.716666" longLatPrecision="1284" longitude="-47.883335" municipality="Bananal" name="rio Corumba" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" stateProvince="Distrito Federal">rio Corumbá</location>
basin), c.
<geoCoordinate id="1B8D50047243FFF96B8EFAE9AB3CAD5B" box="[744,833,1303,1328]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" precision="925" value="-15.716666">15°43′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="1B8D50047243FFF96A2EFAE9ABD0AD5B" box="[840,941,1303,1328]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" precision="925" value="-47.883335">47°53′W</geoCoordinate>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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