152 lines
16 KiB
XML
152 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="B540DAFDC5F754ED381221EBED3D6D4F" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4173.4.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="38068" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4173.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="235cd1e5-39f4-43b4-a65a-94daa8e45bec" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="256597" ID-ZooBank="3E955EB2-79DE-462C-B3EE-E4AF334D1F61" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1475735022662" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W." docDate="2016" docId="B14087C8FF9C927E16BAFE9CFC42027E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4173.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4173 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Spialia mangana Rebel 1899" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="337" masterDocId="4D79FFB0FFB8925A162DFFBBFF8C016D" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) with particular reference to Kenya. Part 10. Pyrginae, Carcharodini" masterLastPageNumber="350" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="337" updateTime="1698429372848" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="BDB1D1E27895A916D1804D7729BCC9EF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="D1ADF292D29FB0E8CFDE6B636DB5B64B">
|
||
<mods:title id="568F1F669C3E4541AF72885DDB490D99">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) with particular reference to Kenya. Part 10. Pyrginae, Carcharodini</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="30C6A1B00F7CB506F51C4518F1147282" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="9B714E517CB8B6A43EA07242A7969CA8">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="991A881A6DF9C885B4E14D5EDDC4A080">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="DDFD6C3AE16972B527B23EA667642B3A">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="604EB4AF9D25440A0D6030FA95EBAF1F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="1037A8EC1585AB3A0945ED35BFC3E6FD" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="F68F89277E849ABBEE09FA7C1D22898C">
|
||
<mods:title id="1E7A3CF568033C57696765544CDC7FEA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="3B75B241B3F8D7C3A88E7792F6DB7493">
|
||
<mods:date id="F28145AECCC875BF4D75DB7D4D281A6C">2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="8C86FFCE53FAD008B5427957D21F4BDD" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="0BDDF497170A8CF7AA73BFAE46AA1DE3">4173</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="DF6F09846C92DF2176938196BB628276" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="178DEA2F997665E57BA3C35FAB8F6E2A">4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="5D1B9507271F12F135F9689D01487997" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="B60A5C927C5B1C276B348B82470093E4">301</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="5FB9B4BFEDB9171579F39AE413F49B7C">350</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="8D4E1BB884F347C03DF3D3A321A780D1">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="DD3129DF6630E2C51567EA2253CB7150" type="CLB-Dataset">38068</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="11AD5E8A7367C9DB6677DA3FE86F82A5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4173.4.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B6FE8A424062A5068CD7C8ACC2F51BBD" type="GBIF-Dataset">235cd1e5-39f4-43b4-a65a-94daa8e45bec</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0E2B74828AE62001269F47017B204554" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="58289153D3A23EFFC92C1B88999CFEBC" type="Zenodo-Dep">256597</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8FFAFC10164CE122BB0205CB730747A4" type="ZooBank">3E955EB2-79DE-462C-B3EE-E4AF334D1F61</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="B14087C8FF9C927E16BAFE9CFC42027E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5632246" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124997299" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5632246" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B14087C8FF9C927E16BAFE9CFC42027E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B14087C8FF9C927E16BAFE9CFC42027E" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<subSubSection id="71F36555FF9C927E16BAFE9CFC42027E" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="395636DEFF9C927E16BAFE9CFE71002F" blockId="36.[151,509,295,322]" box="[151,509,295,322]" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<heading id="621E81B2FF9C927E16BAFE9CFE71002F" bold="true" box="[151,509,295,322]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E16BAFE9CFE71002F" ID-CoL="6YZXF" authority="Rebel, 1899" authorityName="Rebel" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,509,295,322]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mangana">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9C927E16BAFE9CFE71002F" bold="true" box="[151,509,295,322]" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9C927E16BAFE9CFEE9002C" bold="true" box="[151,357,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Spialia mangana</emphasis>
|
||
Rebel, 1899
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="395636DEFF9C927E16BAFED4FC42027E" blockId="36.[151,1437,366,787]" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">
|
||
De Jong (1978) placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E17B3FED4FDAF00EB" box="[414,547,367,390]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mangana">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9C927E17B3FED4FDAF00EB" box="[414,547,367,390]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">S. mangana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E145FFED5FD5500EA" box="[626,729,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delagoae">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9C927E145FFED5FD5500EA" box="[626,729,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">delagoae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E1565FED5FC1B00EA" box="[840,919,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9C927E1565FED5FC1B00EA" box="[840,919,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Spialia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. It was described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9C927E12D1FED4FAC600EB" box="[1276,1354,367,390]" name="Yemen" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Rebel 1899) and its range extends from the southern Arabian Peninsula through
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9C927E15D5FE29FBD600C6" box="[1016,1114,402,427]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9C927E1245FE29FB4800C6" box="[1128,1220,402,427]" name="Somalia" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and north-western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9C927E16BAFE0CFF6C00A2" box="[151,224,439,463]" name="Kenya" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9C927E1736FE0DFEFE00A2" box="[283,370,438,463]" name="Uganda" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
(De Jong 1978), with outlying populations in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9C927E15DFFE0CFBBB00A2" box="[1010,1079,439,463]" name="Oman" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Feulner 2007) and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9C927E137DFE0DFEB6009E" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9C927E1764FE60FE0A009E" box="[329,390,475,499]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">UAE</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (Feulner & Roobas 2014). This is a little known species and the food plants and life history are unknown. Feulner & Roobas (2014) state that ‘circumstantial evidence points most strongly towards’ the food plant in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9C927E16DFFD98FEBB0356" box="[242,311,547,571]" name="Oman" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9C927E1740FD98FE2A0356" box="[365,422,547,571]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">UAE</collectingCountry>
|
||
being
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E17DFFD99FD450356" box="[498,713,546,571]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Melhania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9C927E17DFFD99FD450356" box="[498,713,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Melhania muricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a name absent from Tropicos 2015 and unresolved in The Plant List 2015). This is based on the fact that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E148BFDFCFC840332" box="[678,776,582,607]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9C927E148BFDFCFC840332" box="[678,776,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">S. zebra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E15ACFDFDFC610332" box="[897,1005,582,607]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Melhania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9C927E15ACFDFDFC610332" box="[897,1005,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Melhania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E125BFDFCFA850333" box="[1142,1289,583,606]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Melhania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9C927E125BFDFCFA850333" box="[1142,1289,583,606]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">M. muricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only ‘Sterculiaceae’ found where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E17DCFDD0FDF103EE" box="[497,637,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mangana">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9C927E17DCFDD0FDF103EE" box="[497,637,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">S. mangana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found. Given that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E1581FDD1FB9403EE" box="[940,1048,618,643]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Melhania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9C927E1581FDD1FB9403EE" box="[940,1048,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Melhania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. are now considered to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E16BAFD35FE9F03CA" box="[151,275,654,679]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which incorporates
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E17D1FD35FD1D03CA" box="[508,657,654,679]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sterculiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sterculiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Introduction), and that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E15E2FD34FBD803CB" box="[975,1108,655,678]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mangana">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9C927E15E2FD34FBD803CB" box="[975,1108,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">S. mangana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E12A6FD34FB6903CA" box="[1163,1253,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9C927E12A6FD34FB6903CA" box="[1163,1253,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">S. zebra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E16EFFD09FEA503A6" box="[194,297,690,715]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delagoae">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9C927E16EFFD09FEA503A6" box="[194,297,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">delagoae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, whose food plants include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E1497FD0FFCB503A6" box="[698,825,692,715]" class="Arachnida" family="Hermanniidae" genus="Hermannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9C927E1497FD0FFCB503A6" box="[698,825,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Hermannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E15ACFD09FC6F03A6" box="[897,995,690,715]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9C927E15ACFD09FC6F03A6" box="[897,995,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Hibiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E1278FD0FFB3E03A6" box="[1109,1202,692,715]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pavonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Malvales" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9C927E1278FD0FFB3E03A6" box="[1109,1202,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Pavonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (
|
||
<tableCitation id="746B0365FF9C927E12D6FD09FAD803A6" box="[1275,1364,690,715]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,296,319]" captionText="TABLE 2. Food plant records and illustrations of early stages of Spialia spp. restricted to southern Africa. De Jong (1978) lists these records up to 1978 and Ackery et al. (1995) list the same food plant genera." pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), then although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E172FFD6CFE020383" box="[258,398,727,750]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Melhania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9DEACCFF9C927E172FFD6CFE020383" box="[258,398,727,750]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">M. muricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may well prove to be a food plant, other low-growing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEE94D5DFF9C927E1226FD6DFB080382" box="[1035,1156,726,751]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
found in these localised areas of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9C927E16DBFD40FEB6027E" box="[246,314,763,787]" name="Oman" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41FE764EFF9C927E175DFD40FE20027E" box="[368,428,763,787]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">UAE</collectingCountry>
|
||
, also should be considered potential food plants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |