200 lines
17 KiB
XML
200 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FFA86A17FF829E7B16E6BE27" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Histiotus velatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="841" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="841" updateTime="1662483414275" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6560783" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628521" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6560783" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFA86A17FF829E7B16E6BE27" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFA86A17FF829E7B16E6BE27" lastPageNumber="841" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<subSubSection box="[126,205,2082,2132]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[123,1205,2082,2171]" box="[126,205,2082,2132]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<heading box="[126,205,2082,2132]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<figureCitation box="[126,205,2082,2132]" captionStart="Plate 62: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="83.[123,153,3251,3276]" captionTargetBox="[12,2747,19,3659]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="170. Humboldt’s Big-eared Brown Bat (Hustiotus humboldti), 171. Tropical Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus velatus), 172. Transparent-winged Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus diaphanopterus), 173. Strange Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus alienus), 174. Small Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus montanus), 175. Thomas’s Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus laephotis), 176. Common Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus macrotus), 177. Southern Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus magellanicus), 178. Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus), 179. Guadeloupe Serotine (Eptesicus guadeloupensis), 180. Diminutive Serotine (Eptesicus diminutus), 181. Little Black Serotine (Eptesicus andinus), 182. Chiriquinan Serotine (Eptesicus chiriquinus), 183. Argentine Serotine (Eptesicus furinalis), 184. Harmless Serotine (Eptesicus innoxius), 185. Brazilian Serotine (Eplesicus brasiliensis), 186. Taddei’s Serotine (Eptesicus taddeii), 187. Ulapes Serotine (Eptesicus ulapesensis), 188. Horn-skinned Serotine (Eptesicus floweri), 189. Lagos Serotine (Eptesicus platyops), 190. Long-tailed Serotine (Eptesicus hottentotus), 191. Ognev’s Serotine (Eptesicus ognevi), 192. Anatolian Serotine (Eptesicus anatolicus), 193. Botta’s Serotine (Eptesicus bottae), 194. Meridional Serotine (Eptesicus isabellinus), 195. Oriental Serotine (Eptesicus pachyomus), 196. Eurasian Serotine (Eplesicus serotinus), 197. Northern Serotine (Eptesicus nilssonii), 198. Sombre Serotine (Eptesicus tatei), 199. Gobi Serotine (Eptesicus gobiensis), 200. Japanese Serotine (Eptesicus japonensis), 201. Thick-eared Serotine (Eplesicus pachyotis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398523/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">171.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[222,839,2082,2132]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[123,1205,2082,2171]" box="[222,839,2082,2132]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<heading box="[222,839,2082,2132]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<vernacularName box="[222,839,2082,2132]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Tropical Big-eared Brown Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[906,1205,2082,2132]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[123,1205,2082,2171]" box="[906,1205,2082,2132]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<heading box="[906,1205,2082,2132]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="I. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[906,1205,2082,2132]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="velatus">
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<emphasis box="[906,1205,2082,2132]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Histiotus velatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[123,1057,2150,2171]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[123,1205,2082,2171]" box="[123,1057,2150,2171]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<heading box="[123,1057,2150,2171]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[123,198,2150,2171]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[207,356,2150,2171]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Sérotine voilée</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[376,467,2150,2171]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[472,769,2150,2171]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Tropische GrofRohrfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[790,882,2150,2171]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[892,1057,2150,2171]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Histiotus tropical</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[734,1328,2217,2644]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[734,888,2217,2250]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="I. Geoffroy" authorityYear="1824" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="velatus">Plecotus velatus 1. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1824</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[931,1258,2264,2289]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[734,1328,2217,2644]" box="[931,1258,2264,2289]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319571" box="[931,1258,2264,2289]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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Curitiba,
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<collectingRegion box="[1061,1158,2264,2289]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Parana</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1173,1254,2264,2289]" name="Brazil" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[734,1328,2217,2644]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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Taxonomic status of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="I. Geoffroy" authorityYear="1824" box="[1013,1216,2296,2329]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="velatus">Histiotus velatus</taxonomicName>
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is somewhat uncertain; in the past, more than one form seemed to exist in its wide distribution.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="83.[734,1328,2217,2644]" box="[735,1310,2418,2447]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Taxonomic revision is needed. Monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398170" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398170/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" targetBox="[119,711,2228,2644]" targetPageId="83">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[734,1328,2217,2644]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[735,911,2462,2487]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[924,991,2462,2487]" name="Peru" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Peru</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1008,1104,2462,2487]" name="Bolivia" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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, C & S
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<collectingCountry box="[1212,1294,2462,2487]" name="Brazil" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, S
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<collectingCountry box="[735,861,2493,2526]" name="Paraguay" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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, and NE
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<collectingCountry box="[992,1136,2493,2526]" name="Argentina" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[734,1328,2217,2644]" lastBlockId="83.[122,1328,2651,3157]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[735,1012,2532,2565]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 58-2-70-8 mm, tail 46-60 mm, ear 24-3 33-5 mm, hindfoot 6-11 mm, forearm 42-50 mm; weight 9-17 g. Tibia lengths are 18-8-20-2 mm. Dorsal hairs of the Tropical Big-eared Brown Bat are slightly bicolored, with blackish brown bases and lighter cinnamon-brown tips; ventral hairs have dark brown bases and grayish to dark chestnut tips. Ears are very large, triangular, brown to dark brown, and connected by well-developed membrane (c.
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<quantity box="[400,480,2809,2842]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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high) across forehead; tragus is long, broad, and rounded at tip. Membranes are naked and brown to dark brown. Calcar is well developed. Skull is robust, narrower than observed in congeners; sagittal and lambdoidal crests are practically absent; zygomatic arches have strongly developed postorbital process ofjugal; palate is slightly concave centrally and narrower than in congeners; caudal spine is well developed; and tympanic bullae are large and rounded.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[122,1328,2651,3157]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,231,3045,3078]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Wide variety of habitats including moist forests, savannas in grasslands, evergreen forests, semideciduous forests, open and shrub savannas, plantations, and urban areas from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
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<quantity box="[677,784,3124,3157]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[1395,2606,282,1304]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1397,1649,282,315]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Tropical Big-eared Brown Bats are insectivorous. In south-eastern
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<collectingCountry name="Brazil" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, a small group preyed on flying winged termites (Isoptera). Feces contained fragments of
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<taxonomicName box="[1433,1604,360,393]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1620,1813,360,393]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1828,1982,360,393]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName box="[2057,2172,360,393]" class="Pilidiophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Nemertea" rank="order">Araneae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[2195,2331,360,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pholcidae</taxonomicName>
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and Araneoidea).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[1395,2606,282,1304]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1397,1529,400,433]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Breeding.</emphasis>
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In southern
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<collectingCountry box="[1711,1791,400,433]" name="Brazil" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, pregnant Tropical Big-eared Brown Bats were captured in October-December, one female captured in October had two embryos, and young were observed in late October-November and early December. Available data suggest that parturition is synchronized and takes place once a year in spring.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[1395,2606,282,1304]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1395,1634,558,591]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Tropical Big-eared Brown Bats are nocturnal. Individuals were observed leaving roosts at sunset, and captures occurred during the first two hours after sunset. Roosts have been found in buildings, such as inside of churches and roofs. Study of a colony in southern
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<collectingCountry box="[1836,1915,676,709]" name="Brazil" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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showed that individuals were “asleep” ¢.75% of the time and “alert” ¢.17% of the time during the day; sometimes all individuals in the colony were sleeping. Number of individuals in the colony changed throughout the year: up to 70 individuals in spring and summer and down to 10 individuals in autumn and winter. Movements are closely related to oscillations in temperature and photoperiod. Echolocation calls sweep down from 25 kHz to 15 kHz, with durations of 5-8 milliseconds.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[1395,2606,282,1304]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1397,2134,952,985]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Colonies of Tropical Big-eared Brown Bats can be 6-12 individuals up to 70 individuals. They share roosts with Pallas’s Mastiff Bats (Molossus molossus) and Silver-tipped
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2087,2177,1035,1064]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1806" box="[2199,2414,1035,1064]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albescens">Myotis albescens</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[1395,2606,282,1304]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1398,1746,1071,1104]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. The Tropical Big-eared Brown Bat occurs in protected areas. Deforestation might be a threat, but additional research is needed to clarify it conservation status.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[1395,2606,282,1304]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,1552,1197,1222]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Barquez et al. (1999), Bianconi & Pedro (2017), Feijé,
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<collectingRegion box="[2153,2216,1197,1222]" country="Uruguay" name="Rocha" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Rocha</collectingRegion>
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& Althoff (2015), Fenton, Whitaker et al. (1999), Gonzalez & Barquez (2016¢), Handley & Gardner (2008), Lopez-Gonzélez (2004), Nora & Chaves (2006), Simmons (2005), Thomas (1916b), Vizotto & Taddei (1973), Welter (2009).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |