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<document id="348755775896C7972D5E4917DA871F35" ID-CLB-Dataset="31806" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.893555" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4a2efe36-c48b-456b-9223-7b5793025a72" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="893555" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1508361162557" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Peter J. Schwendinger" docDate="2017" docId="4C30A452FFFBFFD4BB2FFB753979FC9D" docLanguage="en" docName="rsz_124_2_11_Schwendinger.pdf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 124 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B.2:RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Liphistius indra Peter J. Schwendinger 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="426" masterDocId="B009DC2AFFE4FFF7BA6FFFF13818FFE3" masterDocTitle="A revision of the trapdoor spider genus Liphistius (Mesothelae: Liphistiidae) in peninsular Malaysia; part 1" masterLastPageNumber="445" masterPageNumber="391" pageNumber="422" updateTime="1698469770161" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="D096EEAA81FDD081317A1BB2F7F25F84" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="7ABAB16BD7E6F986B8F0A02D483FC804">
<mods:title id="7C3A7C9AA5F2488FF6AE12E75F9E803F">A revision of the trapdoor spider genus Liphistius (Mesothelae: Liphistiidae) in peninsular Malaysia; part 1</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="8EDEB8C40308DB7D3D6B02BF4E6B7DCD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D695BCEE2385EA6D75029413FEC5D2CC">
<mods:roleTerm id="3E6A2B13EFF19CF654B88C2F852DCECC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E40F14A40BCA04A24EC0702685CBD02C">Peter J. Schwendinger</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B15CB698A626C051918AB529A24BA90F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="12FE037A99E14986A4BF2B22B568E678">Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D8A2331F62F2A884C955F164FFA786B9">
<mods:date id="84B317B7E7C57DDC3FC39016957D4543">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4A8220440514015C4FD6A6975B70F1B9" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="01DC4AE5BEF92D72FDE3A24A128B4633">2017-09-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="EA7D02AFFD76513F0D1BCF2B34696395" type="volume">
<mods:number id="8FD6073003EE1C35AC11B3A28805D2DD">124</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8CD68336307E4980A79F378F2A6F78D8">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8928B6F2AC20380F677AC1CFED490C0B">391</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="21E78DCCEB5058451B34618FFE5EBC90">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="AE3616B7C7E3D496074C4912938B5D26" type="CLB-Dataset">31806</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="46440AEA670BD1C858CB5E11F77CAD2E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.893555</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="904754A5BD7E296D123E99BD278C5764" type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="95D108B6DA0461BC1840F1B619EFD9F5" type="Zenodo-Dep">893555</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="4C30A452FFFBFFD4BB2FFB753979FC9D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6042376" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135450770" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6042376" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C30A452FFFBFFD4BB2FFB753979FC9D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C30A452FFFBFFD4BB2FFB753979FC9D" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="426" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
<subSubSection id="8C8346CFFFFBFFE8BB2FFB753A0DFB5E" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C4261544FFFBFFE8BB2FFB753A54FB7E" blockId="31.[320,588,1156,1213]" box="[320,588,1156,1181]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
<heading id="9F6EA228FFFBFFE8BB2FFB753A54FB7E" bold="true" box="[320,588,1156,1181]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" reason="4">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFFBFFE8BB2FFB753A54FB7E" bold="true" box="[320,588,1156,1181]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
<taxonomicName id="03996EC7FFFBFFE8BB2FFB7539F7FB78" ID-CoL="6QJ5L" authority="Peter J. Schwendinger, 2017" authorityName="Peter J. Schwendinger" authorityYear="2017" box="[320,495,1156,1179]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFFBFFE8BB2FFB7539F7FB78" bold="true" box="[320,495,1156,1179]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Liphistius indra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EDDE742DFFFBFFE8BB99FB743A54FB7E" box="[502,588,1157,1181]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4261544FFFBFFE8BB19FB553A0DFB5E" blockId="31.[320,588,1156,1213]" box="[374,533,1188,1213]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFFBFFE8BB19FB5539D4FB5E" box="[374,460,1188,1213]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="3.[149,184,881,902]" captionTargetBox="[166,1405,257,835]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[149,1420,257,835]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Habitus of two Liphistius species from peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand. (A) Liphistius endau, female from Kota Tinggi (Malaysia), dorsal view. (B) Liphistius indra sp. nov., male paratype from the Sankalakhierie Mountains (Thailand), same view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021941/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFFBFFE8BBB8FB543A0DFB5E" box="[471,533,1189,1213]" captionStart-0="Fig. 17" captionStart-1="Fig. 18" captionStartId-0="32.[151,186,1915,1936]" captionStartId-1="33.[151,186,1968,1989]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1434,262,1844]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1428,576,1904]" captionTargetId-0="figure@32.[148,1439,254,1865]" captionTargetId-1="figure@33.[148,1439,544,1931]" captionTargetPageId-0="32" captionTargetPageId-1="33" captionText-0="Fig. 17. Liphistius indra sp. nov., details of left (A-I) and right (J-K) palp of three males; holotype (A, C-D, G, I), paratype matured 4. X. 2012 (B, F, H, K), paratype matured 24. VIII. 2011 (E, J). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ, retrodorsal view. (D) Same, proventral and slightly proximal view. (E-F) Tegulum, retrodorsal view. (G-H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (J-K) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, I; B-F, H; J-K), 0.5 mm (G)." captionText-1="Fig. 18. Liphistius indra sp. nov., vulval plate of four female paratypes (all from exuviae): moult 15. III. 2012 (A-B), moult 10. II. 2001 (C-D), moult 15. VIII. 2002 (E-F), moult 3. XI. 2001 (G-H). (A, C, E) Entire structure, dorsal view. (B, D, F) Same, ventral view. (G) Anterior part of vulval plate, ventral view. (H) Receptacular cluster, ventral view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A-D, G-H; E-F)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1021973/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1021975/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">17-18</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8346CFFFFBFFE8BAF8FB22392EF9E5" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C4261544FFFBFFE8BAF8FB22392EF9E5" blockId="31.[151,756,1235,1542]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
<materialsCitation id="74F11F19FFFBFFE8BAF8FB223A65FA44" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675315719" collectingDate="2011-07-12" collectingDateMax="2012-10-04" collectingDateMin="2011-07-12" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="P. J. Schwendinger." country="Thailand" elevation="200" latitude="6.6525" location="Sankalakhierie Mountains" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="101.09861" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" specimenCount="21" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="Pattani Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFFBFFE8BAF8FB2238FBFB08" bold="true" box="[151,227,1235,1259]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
<typeStatus id="1B22ABE6FFFBFFE8BAF8FB2238C6FB08" box="[151,222,1235,1259]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Types</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="A2888D81FFFBFFE8BA80FB22395CFB08" box="[239,324,1235,1259]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">MHNG</collectionCode>
; male
<typeStatus id="1B22ABE6FFFBFFE8BBFBFB2239EAFB09" box="[404,498,1235,1258]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(matured
<collectingDate id="A063CA6CFFFBFFE8B804FB223AF0FB08" box="[619,744,1235,1259]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="2011-09-27">
<date id="B0273384FFFBFFE8B804FB223AF0FB08" box="[619,744,1235,1259]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="2011-09-27">27.IX.2011</date>
</collectingDate>
),
<specimenCount id="D29FDECDFFFBFFE8BAF8FB0238F7FAEA" box="[151,239,1266,1291]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="male">8 male</specimenCount>
(matured
<collectingDate id="A063CA6CFFFBFFE8BB13FB02397DFACA" isEnumeration="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
<date id="B0273384FFFBFFE8BB13FB0239CFFAE8" box="[380,471,1267,1291]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="2011-08">24.VIII.</date>
,
<date id="B0273384FFFBFFE8BB9EFB023A33FAE9" box="[497,555,1267,1290]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="2011-09">7.IX.</date>
,
<date id="B0273384FFFBFFE8B82AFB023A96FAE8" box="[581,654,1267,1291]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="2011-09">10.IX.</date>
,
<date id="B0273384FFFBFFE8B8C8FB023AF7FAE8" box="[679,751,1267,1291]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="2011-09">17.IX.</date>
,
<date id="B0273384FFFBFFE8BAF8FAE338C7FACA" box="[151,223,1298,1321]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="2011-09">25.IX.</date>
,
<date id="B0273384FFFBFFE8BA9EFAE3397DFACA" box="[241,357,1298,1321]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="2011-10-26">26.X.2011</date>
</collectingDate>
, 30.IX.,
<collectingDate id="A063CA6CFFFBFFE8BBBEFAE33A2EFAC9" box="[465,566,1298,1322]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="2012-10-04">
<date id="B0273384FFFBFFE8BBBEFAE33A2EFAC9" box="[465,566,1298,1322]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="2012-10-04">4.X.2012</date>
</collectingDate>
) and
<specimenCount id="D29FDECDFFFBFFE8B8EDFAE33AECFACA" box="[642,756,1298,1322]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="female">13 female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="1B22ABE6FFFBFFE8BAF8FAC338E7FAA9" box="[151,255,1330,1354]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(including
<typeStatus id="1B22ABE6FFFBFFE8BBE4FAC039FAFAAB" box="[395,482,1329,1352]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
which did not moult);
<collectingCountry id="BC8E55D4FFFBFFE8BAF8FAA038E1FA8B" box="[151,249,1361,1384]" name="Thailand" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="065DDBA6FFFBFFE8BB67FAA039A7FA8B" box="[264,447,1361,1384]" country="Thailand" name="Pattani" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Pattani Province</collectingRegion>
, about
<locationDeviation id="D5940C66FFFBFFE8B87BFAA33AE8FA8B" box="[532,752,1361,1386]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
<quantity id="0361B8A1FFFBFFE8B87BFAA33A44FA8B" box="[532,604,1361,1386]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
NW of Yala
</locationDeviation>
,
<location id="C146439FFFFBFFE8BAF8FA8139A5FA64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C30A452FFFBFFD4BB2FFB753979FC9D:C146439FFFFBFFE8BAF8FA8139A5FA64" box="[151,445,1392,1415]" country="Thailand" latitude="6.6525" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="101.09861" name="Sankalakhierie Mountains" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" stateProvince="Pattani Province">Sankalakhierie Mountains</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A1AD7383FFFBFFE8BBBEFA813A52FA64" box="[465,586,1392,1415]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" precision="15" value="6.6525">6°39’09”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A1AD7383FFFBFFE8B831FA813AF7FA64" box="[606,751,1392,1415]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" precision="15" value="101.09861">101°05’55”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="4FB4F277FFFBFFE8BAF8FA6038F9FA4B" box="[151,225,1425,1449]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="200.0">
<quantity id="0361B8A1FFFBFFE8BAF8FA6038F9FA4B" box="[151,225,1425,1449]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
</elevation>
;
<collectingDate id="A063CA6CFFFBFFE8BA81FA60396BFA4A" box="[238,371,1425,1449]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="2011-07-12">
<date id="B0273384FFFBFFE8BA81FA60396BFA4A" box="[238,371,1425,1449]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="2011-07-12">12.VII.2011</date>
</collectingDate>
; leg.
<collectorName id="696C7092FFFBFFE8BBDEFA603A65FA44" box="[433,637,1424,1448]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">P.J. Schwendinger.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
–
<materialsCitation id="74F11F19FFFBFFE8B8F3FA60392EF9E5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675315709" collectingDate="1999-10-22" collectingDateMax="2000-11-17" collectingDateMin="1999-10-22" collectionCode="MHNG, SMF" collectorName="P. J. Schwendinger." country="Thailand" elevation="260" latitude="6.6525" location="Sankalakhierie Mountains" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="101.09861" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Pattani Province" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="A2888D81FFFBFFE8B8F3FA603AE8FA4A" box="[668,752,1425,1449]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">MHNG</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="A2888D81FFFBFFE8BAF8FA4138C8FA2B" box="[151,208,1456,1480]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">SMF</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="D29FDECDFFFBFFE8BA89FA413922FA25" box="[230,314,1455,1480]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(matured
<collectingDate id="A063CA6CFFFBFFE8BBD1FA413A22FA2B" box="[446,570,1456,1480]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="2000-11-17">
<date id="B0273384FFFBFFE8BBD1FA413A22FA2B" box="[446,570,1456,1480]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="2000-11-17">17.XI.2000</date>
</collectingDate>
) and
<specimenCount id="D29FDECDFFFBFFE8B8E3FA5E3AECFA25" box="[652,756,1455,1478]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="female">5 female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="1B22ABE6FFFBFFE8BAF8FA21391AFA0B" box="[151,258,1488,1512]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
; same locality,
<elevation id="4FB4F277FFFBFFE8BBD6FA3E3A1DFA04" box="[441,517,1487,1511]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="260.0">
<quantity id="0361B8A1FFFBFFE8BBD6FA3E3A1DFA04" box="[441,517,1487,1511]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="260.0">260 m</quantity>
</elevation>
;
<collectingDate id="A063CA6CFFFBFFE8B879FA213A93FA0B" box="[534,651,1488,1512]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="1999-10-22">
<date id="B0273384FFFBFFE8B879FA213A93FA0B" box="[534,651,1488,1512]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="1999-10-22">22.X.1999</date>
</collectingDate>
; leg.
<collectorName id="696C7092FFFBFFE8B8BFFA21392EF9E5" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">P.J. Schwendinger.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8346CFFFFBFFE8BAF8F9EF3A74F951" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="C4261544FFFBFFE8BAF8F9EF3A74F951" blockId="31.[151,756,1565,1716]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFFBFFE8BAF8F9EF3904F9D5" bold="true" box="[151,284,1566,1590]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species epithet refers to one of the two old names of the
<typeStatus id="1B22ABE6FFFBFFE8BBE5F9CF39A0F9B5" box="[394,440,1598,1622]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">type</typeStatus>
locality: Indragiri (= Indra’s mountain) and Bukit Besar (= big mountain) (
<bibRefCitation id="A00868B5FFFBFFE8B8DFF9AD38E5F976" author="Skeat M. A." editor="Gibson-Hill C. A." journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" pagination="9 - 147" part="4" refString="Skeat M. A. 1953. Reminiscences of the Cambridge University expedition to the north-east Malay states. In: Gibson-Hill C. A. (ed.). The Cambridge University Expedition to the North-East Malay States, and to upper Perak, 1899 - 1900. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 26 (4): 9 - 147." title="Reminiscences of the Cambridge University expedition to the north-east Malay states" type="journal article" volumeTitle="The Cambridge University Expedition to the North-East Malay States, and to upper Perak, 1899 - 1900" year="1953">Skeat, 1953: 21</bibRefCitation>
). Indra (“Phra In” in Thai mythology) is the king of the Vedic gods. Name in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8346CFFFFBFFE8BAF8F93B3BD2FDDB" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C4261544FFFBFFE8BAF8F93B3BD2FDDB" blockId="31.[151,756,1738,2078]" lastBlockId="31.[831,1437,258,568]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFFBFFE8BAF8F93B390AF902" bold="true" box="[151,274,1738,1761]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Medium-sized, light brown-coloured species in both sexes. Very similar to
<taxonomicName id="03996EC7FFFBFFE8B85EF91A3A8AF8E2" authority="Peter J. Schwendinger, 2017" authorityName="Peter J. Schwendinger" authorityYear="2017" box="[561,658,1770,1794]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linang" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFFBFFE8B85EF91A3A8AF8E2" box="[561,658,1770,1794]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">L. linang</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EDDE742DFFFBFFE8B8F5F91A3AE8F8E1" box="[666,752,1771,1794]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, distinguished by males with a ventral scopula on tarsus IV; long bristle retroventrally below tibial apophysis much stronger, resembling a megaspine (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFFBFFE8B833F8B93AD9F882" box="[604,705,1864,1889]" captionStart="Fig. 17" captionStartId="32.[151,186,1915,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,262,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[148,1439,254,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 17. Liphistius indra sp. nov., details of left (A-I) and right (J-K) palp of three males; holotype (A, C-D, G, I), paratype matured 4. X. 2012 (B, F, H, K), paratype matured 24. VIII. 2011 (E, J). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ, retrodorsal view. (D) Same, proventral and slightly proximal view. (E-F) Tegulum, retrodorsal view. (G-H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (J-K) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, I; B-F, H; J-K), 0.5 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021973/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
, I-K cf.
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFFBFFE8BAD5F8993903F89C" box="[186,283,1896,1919]" captionStart="Fig. 15" captionStartId="28.[153,188,1792,1813]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,259,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[148,1439,254,1752]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 15. Liphistius linang sp. nov., details of left palp of two males; holotype (A-E, G-H), paratype matured 14. IX. 1999 (F, I). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view (arrow indicating gap in distal edge of contrategulum). (C) Palpal organ, proventral and slightly proximal view. (D) Same, retrodorsal view. (E-F) Same, distal view (dorsal side up). (G) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (H-I) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Abbreviations: a - dorsal apex of contrategulum; pe - para-embolic plate. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, G; B-F; H-I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021969/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
, G-I); paracymbium distinctly shorter, more globular (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFFBFFE8BB6BF876399CF843" box="[260,388,1927,1952]" captionStart="Fig. 17" captionStartId="32.[151,186,1915,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,262,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[148,1439,254,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 17. Liphistius indra sp. nov., details of left (A-I) and right (J-K) palp of three males; holotype (A, C-D, G, I), paratype matured 4. X. 2012 (B, F, H, K), paratype matured 24. VIII. 2011 (E, J). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ, retrodorsal view. (D) Same, proventral and slightly proximal view. (E-F) Tegulum, retrodorsal view. (G-H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (J-K) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, I; B-F, H; J-K), 0.5 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021973/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Fig. 17A, I</figureCitation>
cf.
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFFBFFE8BBD9F8763A5AF843" box="[438,578,1927,1952]" captionStart="Fig. 15" captionStartId="28.[153,188,1792,1813]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,259,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[148,1439,254,1752]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 15. Liphistius linang sp. nov., details of left palp of two males; holotype (A-E, G-H), paratype matured 14. IX. 1999 (F, I). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view (arrow indicating gap in distal edge of contrategulum). (C) Palpal organ, proventral and slightly proximal view. (D) Same, retrodorsal view. (E-F) Same, distal view (dorsal side up). (G) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (H-I) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Abbreviations: a - dorsal apex of contrategulum; pe - para-embolic plate. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, G; B-F; H-I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021969/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Fig. 15A, G</figureCitation>
); distal edge of contrategulum without dentate gap, ending in a beaklike rather than a hook-like dorsal apex (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFFBFFE8B83AF8373AAFF83C" box="[597,695,1990,2015]" captionStart="Fig. 17" captionStartId="32.[151,186,1915,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,262,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[148,1439,254,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 17. Liphistius indra sp. nov., details of left (A-I) and right (J-K) palp of three males; holotype (A, C-D, G, I), paratype matured 4. X. 2012 (B, F, H, K), paratype matured 24. VIII. 2011 (E, J). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ, retrodorsal view. (D) Same, proventral and slightly proximal view. (E-F) Tegulum, retrodorsal view. (G-H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (J-K) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, I; B-F, H; J-K), 0.5 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021973/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
, G-H cf.
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFFBFFE8BAD0F817393CF81E" box="[191,292,2022,2045]" captionStart="Fig. 15" captionStartId="28.[153,188,1792,1813]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,259,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[148,1439,254,1752]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 15. Liphistius linang sp. nov., details of left palp of two males; holotype (A-E, G-H), paratype matured 14. IX. 1999 (F, I). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view (arrow indicating gap in distal edge of contrategulum). (C) Palpal organ, proventral and slightly proximal view. (D) Same, retrodorsal view. (E-F) Same, distal view (dorsal side up). (G) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (H-I) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Abbreviations: a - dorsal apex of contrategulum; pe - para-embolic plate. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, G; B-F; H-I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021969/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
, E-F). Females distinguished from those of
<taxonomicName id="03996EC7FFFBFFE8BAD6F7F63938F7FE" authority="Peter J. Schwendinger, 2017" authorityName="Peter J. Schwendinger" authorityYear="2017" box="[185,288,2054,2078]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linang" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFFBFFE8BAD6F7F63938F7FE" box="[185,288,2054,2078]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">L. linang</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EDDE742DFFFBFFE8BB43F7F6399CF7FD" box="[300,388,2055,2078]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by anterior margin of poreplate less deeply and less widely invaginated; very weak pigmentation (in contrast to none) in anterior part of genital atrium (corresponding to reduced anterior part of posterior stalk); CDO semicircular or longitudinally slit-like instead of transversally slit-like, flanked by an enlarged pore on each side (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFFBFFE8BE15FE513D5BFE5A" box="[1146,1347,416,441]" captionStart="Fig. 18" captionStartId="33.[151,186,1968,1989]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,576,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[148,1439,544,1931]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 18. Liphistius indra sp. nov., vulval plate of four female paratypes (all from exuviae): moult 15. III. 2012 (A-B), moult 10. II. 2001 (C-D), moult 15. VIII. 2002 (E-F), moult 3. XI. 2001 (G-H). (A, C, E) Entire structure, dorsal view. (B, D, F) Same, ventral view. (G) Anterior part of vulval plate, ventral view. (H) Receptacular cluster, ventral view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A-D, G-H; E-F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021975/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Fig. 18A, C, E, G</figureCitation>
cf.
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFFBFFE8BF1DFE513B69FE34" captionStart="Fig. 16" captionStartId="30.[151,186,1755,1776]" captionTargetBox="[153,1440,257,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[149,1458,241,1736]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 16. Liphistius linang sp. nov., vulval plate of three female paratypes (A-E): specimen moulted 30. VII. 1999 (A-B), moulted 10. III. 2000 (C), exuvia, moult 14. IX. 1999 (D-E); undissected genital sternite of allotype (F). (A, C-D) Dorsal view. (B, E, F) Ventral view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A-E; F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021971/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
, C-D); receptacular cluster larger, not divided into two lateral subclusters, its individual vesicles (especially posterior ones) longer (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFFBFFE8BED6FE0E3D60FDF4" box="[1209,1400,511,536]" captionStart="Fig. 18" captionStartId="33.[151,186,1968,1989]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,576,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[148,1439,544,1931]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 18. Liphistius indra sp. nov., vulval plate of four female paratypes (all from exuviae): moult 15. III. 2012 (A-B), moult 10. II. 2001 (C-D), moult 15. VIII. 2002 (E-F), moult 3. XI. 2001 (G-H). (A, C, E) Entire structure, dorsal view. (B, D, F) Same, ventral view. (G) Anterior part of vulval plate, ventral view. (H) Receptacular cluster, ventral view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A-D, G-H; E-F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021975/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Fig. 18B, D, F, H</figureCitation>
cf.
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFFBFFE8B950FDEE3BA6FDDB" box="[831,958,543,568]" captionStart="Fig. 16" captionStartId="30.[151,186,1755,1776]" captionTargetBox="[153,1440,257,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[149,1458,241,1736]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 16. Liphistius linang sp. nov., vulval plate of three female paratypes (A-E): specimen moulted 30. VII. 1999 (A-B), moulted 10. III. 2000 (C), exuvia, moult 14. IX. 1999 (D-E); undissected genital sternite of allotype (F). (A, C-D) Dorsal view. (B, E, F) Ventral view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A-E; F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021971/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Fig. 16B, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8346CFFFFBFFD5B950FDBF3B82FBC2" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="425" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="description">
<paragraph id="C4261544FFFBFFE8B950FDBF3C68FAFD" blockId="31.[831,1437,590,2079]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFFBFFE8B950FDBF3CA5FD86" bold="true" box="[831,1213,590,614]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
Description of male (
<typeStatus id="1B22ABE6FFFBFFE8BE28FDBF3CA9FD86" box="[1095,1201,590,613]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
):
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFFBFFE8BEA3FDBF3D84FD86" box="[1228,1436,590,614]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Colour in alcohol</emphasis>
(much darker in life; see
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFFBFFE8BEE3FD9C3CF1FD65" box="[1164,1257,621,646]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="3.[149,184,881,902]" captionTargetBox="[166,1405,257,835]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[149,1420,257,835]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Habitus of two Liphistius species from peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand. (A) Liphistius endau, female from Kota Tinggi (Malaysia), dorsal view. (B) Liphistius indra sp. nov., male paratype from the Sankalakhierie Mountains (Thailand), same view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021941/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
for
<typeStatus id="1B22ABE6FFFBFFE8BF41FD9F3D89FD65" box="[1326,1425,622,646]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
): Carapace with wide grey-brown margin (broken posteromedially) including most of pars cephalica and connected to flower-shaped patch of same colour around fovea; three very light brown areas between eye mound and fovea (anterior two small, kidney-shaped and in a pair, posterior one larger, inverted lanceolate) and light patches between darker central and marginal areas. Chelicerae with proximal portion cream-coloured, distal portion grey-brown. Palps in proximal half of femur and tibia and in distal half of patella light brown, mottled with dark spots, other parts grey-brown; cymbium entirely reddish brown. Legs mostly grey-brown except for light brown distal half of all patellae and light brown proximal half of all femora (mottled with dark spots); leg tibiae (in contrast to those of palp) to tarsi entirely dark brown. Membranous parts of opisthosoma light brown; tergite I almost entirely grey-brown, tergite II with extensive dark lateral and median patches, following tergites with distinct dark lateral spots and increasingly indistinct median ones, last two tergites tiny and mostly grey-brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4261544FFFBFFE8B950FAD73C45FA5F" blockId="31.[831,1437,590,2079]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFFBFFE8B950FAD73C31FADC" box="[831,1065,1318,1343]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Bristles on carapace</emphasis>
: Few short, weak bristles along most of its margins (completely absent posteriorly and largely absent laterally), on coxal elevations and in front of fovea (not behind); longer, stronger bristles on, behind and in front of eye mound.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4261544FFFBFFE8B950FA343CA3FA18" blockId="31.[831,1437,590,2079]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFFBFFE8B950FA343BE9FA3F" box="[831,1009,1477,1500]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Cheliceral teeth</emphasis>
: Eleven small ones on promargin of cheliceral groove of each chelicera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4261544FFFBFFE8B950F9F53D3DF999" blockId="31.[831,1437,590,2079]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFFBFFE8B950F9F53B8DF9F8" box="[831,917,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Scopula</emphasis>
: Tarsi I-III with moderately dense scopula in distal half of ventral side, only distally divided by a short median stripe; tarsus IV with weak scopula in distal quarter, medially divided for its entire length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4261544FFFBFFD5B950F9723AB8FED9" blockId="31.[831,1437,590,2079]" lastBlockId="34.[151,756,258,631]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="425" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFFBFFE8B950F9723B9AF979" box="[831,898,1667,1690]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Claws</emphasis>
: Paired tarsal claws with 3-4 denticles on anterior legs, 2-4 denticles on posterior legs; unpaired claws with 1-2 indistinct denticles on tarsi I-III, none on tarsus IV.
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFFBFFE8B950F9153B69F918" box="[831,881,1764,1787]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Palp</emphasis>
: Tibial apophysis situated distally, only slightly set back from anterior margin of tibia (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFFBFFE8BEB9F8F53D25F8FE" box="[1238,1341,1796,1821]" captionStart="Fig. 17" captionStartId="32.[151,186,1915,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,262,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[148,1439,254,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 17. Liphistius indra sp. nov., details of left (A-I) and right (J-K) palp of three males; holotype (A, C-D, G, I), paratype matured 4. X. 2012 (B, F, H, K), paratype matured 24. VIII. 2011 (E, J). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ, retrodorsal view. (D) Same, proventral and slightly proximal view. (E-F) Tegulum, retrodorsal view. (G-H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (J-K) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, I; B-F, H; J-K), 0.5 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021973/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
), deeply divided:(a) longanddeepretrolateralpartpointingslightly away from axis of tibia, carrying three medium-long and bent megaspines; (b) short and small retrodorsal part carrying a single, slightly curved megaspine (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFFBFFE8BF5BF8743D97F87D" box="[1332,1423,1925,1950]" captionStart="Fig. 17" captionStartId="32.[151,186,1915,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,262,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[148,1439,254,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 17. Liphistius indra sp. nov., details of left (A-I) and right (J-K) palp of three males; holotype (A, C-D, G, I), paratype matured 4. X. 2012 (B, F, H, K), paratype matured 24. VIII. 2011 (E, J). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ, retrodorsal view. (D) Same, proventral and slightly proximal view. (E-F) Tegulum, retrodorsal view. (G-H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (J-K) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, I; B-F, H; J-K), 0.5 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021973/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
Fig.
<date id="B0273384FFFBFFE8BF07F8773D97F87D" box="[1384,1423,1926,1950]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="1917-01">17I</date>
</figureCitation>
); long bristle retroventrally below tibial apophysis very strong, almost as thick as megaspines (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFFBFFE8BF66F8343D97F83D" box="[1289,1423,1989,2014]" captionStart="Fig. 17" captionStartId="32.[151,186,1915,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,262,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[148,1439,254,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 17. Liphistius indra sp. nov., details of left (A-I) and right (J-K) palp of three males; holotype (A, C-D, G, I), paratype matured 4. X. 2012 (B, F, H, K), paratype matured 24. VIII. 2011 (E, J). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ, retrodorsal view. (D) Same, proventral and slightly proximal view. (E-F) Tegulum, retrodorsal view. (G-H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (J-K) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, I; B-F, H; J-K), 0.5 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021973/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Fig. 17A, I</figureCitation>
). Distal margin of cymbium with short lobes (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFFBFFE8BF5CF8143D80F81D" box="[1331,1432,2021,2046]" captionStart="Fig. 17" captionStartId="32.[151,186,1915,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,262,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[148,1439,254,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 17. Liphistius indra sp. nov., details of left (A-I) and right (J-K) palp of three males; holotype (A, C-D, G, I), paratype matured 4. X. 2012 (B, F, H, K), paratype matured 24. VIII. 2011 (E, J). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ, retrodorsal view. (D) Same, proventral and slightly proximal view. (E-F) Tegulum, retrodorsal view. (G-H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (J-K) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, I; B-F, H; J-K), 0.5 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021973/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
, showing
<typeStatus id="1B22ABE6FFFBFFE8B9C3F7F63C10F7FC" box="[940,1032,2055,2079]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
matured
<date id="B0273384FFFBFFE8BEECF7F73CF3F7FD" box="[1155,1259,2054,2078]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="2012-10-04">4.X.2012</date>
). Paracymbium globular, quite short and shallow, without retrolateral heel (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFC5FFD6BABAFED33949FED8" box="[213,337,290,315]" captionStart="Fig. 17" captionStartId="32.[151,186,1915,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,262,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[148,1439,254,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 17. Liphistius indra sp. nov., details of left (A-I) and right (J-K) palp of three males; holotype (A, C-D, G, I), paratype matured 4. X. 2012 (B, F, H, K), paratype matured 24. VIII. 2011 (E, J). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ, retrodorsal view. (D) Same, proventral and slightly proximal view. (E-F) Tegulum, retrodorsal view. (G-H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (J-K) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, I; B-F, H; J-K), 0.5 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021973/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="424">Fig. 17A, I</figureCitation>
); cumulus indistinct, carrying a group of long stiff bristles (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFC5FFD6BBECFEB33A19FEB8" box="[387,513,322,347]" captionStart="Fig. 17" captionStartId="32.[151,186,1915,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,262,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[148,1439,254,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 17. Liphistius indra sp. nov., details of left (A-I) and right (J-K) palp of three males; holotype (A, C-D, G, I), paratype matured 4. X. 2012 (B, F, H, K), paratype matured 24. VIII. 2011 (E, J). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ, retrodorsal view. (D) Same, proventral and slightly proximal view. (E-F) Tegulum, retrodorsal view. (G-H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (J-K) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, I; B-F, H; J-K), 0.5 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021973/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="424">Fig. 17A, I</figureCitation>
). Subtegulum without apophysis. Tegulum with moderately wide, strongly dentate proximal edge (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFC5FFD6BBE2FE7039F5FE79" box="[397,493,385,410]" captionStart="Fig. 17" captionStartId="32.[151,186,1915,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,262,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[148,1439,254,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 17. Liphistius indra sp. nov., details of left (A-I) and right (J-K) palp of three males; holotype (A, C-D, G, I), paratype matured 4. X. 2012 (B, F, H, K), paratype matured 24. VIII. 2011 (E, J). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ, retrodorsal view. (D) Same, proventral and slightly proximal view. (E-F) Tegulum, retrodorsal view. (G-H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (J-K) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, I; B-F, H; J-K), 0.5 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021973/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="424">Fig. 17C</figureCitation>
). Contrategulum without recognizable ventral process; prolateral surface with a few ribs; distal edge sharp throughout, with an indistinct, very short and wide invagination (not a gap) prodorsally (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFC5FFD6B928FEF33BA2FEF8" box="[839,954,258,283]" captionStart="Fig. 17" captionStartId="32.[151,186,1915,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,262,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[148,1439,254,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 17. Liphistius indra sp. nov., details of left (A-I) and right (J-K) palp of three males; holotype (A, C-D, G, I), paratype matured 4. X. 2012 (B, F, H, K), paratype matured 24. VIII. 2011 (E, J). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ, retrodorsal view. (D) Same, proventral and slightly proximal view. (E-F) Tegulum, retrodorsal view. (G-H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (J-K) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, I; B-F, H; J-K), 0.5 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021973/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="424">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
, showing
<typeStatus id="1B22ABE6FFC5FFD6BE24FEF23CBFFEF8" box="[1099,1191,259,283]" pageId="33" pageNumber="424" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
matured
<date id="B0273384FFC5FFD6BF5FFEF23D8DFEF8" box="[1328,1429,259,283]" pageId="33" pageNumber="424" value="2012-10-04">4.X.2012</date>
) before reaching very narrow, beak-shaped dorsal apex (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFC5FFD6B928FEB03BB7FEB9" box="[839,943,321,346]" captionStart="Fig. 17" captionStartId="32.[151,186,1915,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,262,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[148,1439,254,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 17. Liphistius indra sp. nov., details of left (A-I) and right (J-K) palp of three males; holotype (A, C-D, G, I), paratype matured 4. X. 2012 (B, F, H, K), paratype matured 24. VIII. 2011 (E, J). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ, retrodorsal view. (D) Same, proventral and slightly proximal view. (E-F) Tegulum, retrodorsal view. (G-H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (J-K) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, I; B-F, H; J-K), 0.5 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021973/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="424">Fig. 17G</figureCitation>
). Para-embolic plate large, its distal margin wide, strongly dentate (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFC5FFD6BE53FE913CF8FE9A" box="[1084,1248,352,377]" captionStart="Fig. 17" captionStartId="32.[151,186,1915,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,262,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[148,1439,254,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 17. Liphistius indra sp. nov., details of left (A-I) and right (J-K) palp of three males; holotype (A, C-D, G, I), paratype matured 4. X. 2012 (B, F, H, K), paratype matured 24. VIII. 2011 (E, J). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ, retrodorsal view. (D) Same, proventral and slightly proximal view. (E-F) Tegulum, retrodorsal view. (G-H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (J-K) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, I; B-F, H; J-K), 0.5 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021973/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="424">Fig. 17A, C, G</figureCitation>
); embolus proper slightly inclined prolaterad, relatively narrow (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFC5FFD6BF1EFE713B68FE5B" captionStart="Fig. 17" captionStartId="32.[151,186,1915,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,262,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[148,1439,254,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 17. Liphistius indra sp. nov., details of left (A-I) and right (J-K) palp of three males; holotype (A, C-D, G, I), paratype matured 4. X. 2012 (B, F, H, K), paratype matured 24. VIII. 2011 (E, J). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ, retrodorsal view. (D) Same, proventral and slightly proximal view. (E-F) Tegulum, retrodorsal view. (G-H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (J-K) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, I; B-F, H; J-K), 0.5 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021973/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="424">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
, C-D), dorsal and ventral walls of sclerotised part equally wide and lying close to each other, retrolateral wall with few indistinct longitudinal ridges (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFC5FFD6BF45FE2F3D97FE14" box="[1322,1423,478,503]" captionStart="Fig. 17" captionStartId="32.[151,186,1915,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,262,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[148,1439,254,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 17. Liphistius indra sp. nov., details of left (A-I) and right (J-K) palp of three males; holotype (A, C-D, G, I), paratype matured 4. X. 2012 (B, F, H, K), paratype matured 24. VIII. 2011 (E, J). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ, retrodorsal view. (D) Same, proventral and slightly proximal view. (E-F) Tegulum, retrodorsal view. (G-H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (J-K) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, I; B-F, H; J-K), 0.5 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021973/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="424">Fig. 17G</figureCitation>
); membranous part of embolus proper narrow, indistinct (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFC6FFD5BAF0FED33918FED9" box="[159,256,290,314]" captionStart="Fig. 17" captionStartId="32.[151,186,1915,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,262,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[148,1439,254,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 17. Liphistius indra sp. nov., details of left (A-I) and right (J-K) palp of three males; holotype (A, C-D, G, I), paratype matured 4. X. 2012 (B, F, H, K), paratype matured 24. VIII. 2011 (E, J). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ, retrodorsal view. (D) Same, proventral and slightly proximal view. (E-F) Tegulum, retrodorsal view. (G-H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (J-K) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, I; B-F, H; J-K), 0.5 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021973/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
, showing
<typeStatus id="1B22ABE6FFC6FFD5BB03FED239D0FED8" box="[364,456,291,315]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
matured
<date id="B0273384FFC6FFD5B843FED33A8CFED9" box="[556,660,290,314]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" value="2012-10-04">4.X.2012</date>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="90E645CCFFC4FFD7BAF8F88A3D65F7E6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021973/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="423" targetBox="[151,1434,262,1844]" targetPageId="32">
<paragraph id="C4261544FFC4FFD7BAF8F88A3D65F7E6" blockId="32.[151,1440,1915,2053]" pageId="32" pageNumber="423">
Fig. 17.
<taxonomicName id="03996EC7FFC4FFD7BA82F88A399EF873" authority="Peter J. Schwendinger, 2017" authorityName="Peter J. Schwendinger" authorityYear="2017" box="[237,390,1915,1936]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="32" pageNumber="423" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC4FFD7BA82F88A399EF873" box="[237,390,1915,1936]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="423">Liphistius indra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EDDE742DFFC4FFD7BBE2F88D39C3F872" box="[397,475,1916,1937]" pageId="32" pageNumber="423" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, details of left (A-I) and right (J-K) palp of three males; holotype (A, C-D, G, I), paratype matured 4.X.2012 (B, F, H, K), paratype matured 24.VIII.2011 (E, J). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ, retrodorsal view. (D) Same, proventral and slightly proximal view. (E-F) Tegulum, retrodorsal view. (G-H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (J-K) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, I; B-F, H; J-K), 0.5 mm (G).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="90E645CCFFC5FFD6BAF8F8413D89F7E3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021975/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="424" targetBox="[158,1428,576,1904]" targetPageId="33">
<paragraph id="C4261544FFC5FFD6BAF8F8413D89F7E3" blockId="33.[151,1437,1968,2048]" pageId="33" pageNumber="424">
Fig. 18.
<taxonomicName id="03996EC7FFC5FFD6BA82F841399DF826" authority="Peter J. Schwendinger, 2017" authorityName="Peter J. Schwendinger" authorityYear="2017" box="[237,389,1968,1989]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="33" pageNumber="424" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC5FFD6BA82F841399DF826" box="[237,389,1968,1989]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="424">Liphistius indra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EDDE742DFFC5FFD6BBE4F84039CFF825" box="[395,471,1969,1990]" pageId="33" pageNumber="424" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, vulval plate of four female paratypes (all from exuviae): moult 15.III.2012 (A-B), moult 10.II.2001 (C-D), moult 15.VIII.2002 (E-F), moult 3.XI.2001 (G-H). (A, C, E) Entire structure, dorsal view. (B, D, F) Same, ventral view. (G) Anterior part of vulval plate, ventral view. (H) Receptacular cluster, ventral view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A-D, G-H; E-F).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C4261544FFC6FFD5BAF8FEB238CEFD94" blockId="34.[151,756,258,631]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC6FFD5BAF8FEB2392AFEB9" box="[151,306,323,346]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Measurements</emphasis>
: Total length 11.57; carapace 5.08 long, 4.49 wide; opisthosoma 4.25 long, 2.91 wide; eye mound 0.80 long, 0.97 wide; palpal coxae 1.61 long, 1.10 wide; labium 0.43 long, 0.98 wide; sternum 2.24 long, 1.57 wide (0.87 on ventral surface); palp 9.10 long (2.72 + 1.65 + 3.31 + 1.42); leg I 15.36 long (4.13 + 1.97 + 3.31 + 3.98 + 1.97); leg II 15.83 long (4.17 + 2.01 + 3.31 + 4.33 + 2.01); leg III 17.32 long (4.41+ 2.05 + 3.46 + 5.04 + 2.36); leg IV 22.91 long (5.67 + 2.20 + 4.88 + 7.01 + 3.15).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4261544FFC6FFD5BAF8FD7E3931FBA0" blockId="34.[151,756,655,2078]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC6FFD5BAF8FD7E3A04FD45" bold="true" box="[151,540,655,678]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">
Description of female (
<typeStatus id="1B22ABE6FFC6FFD5BBC2FD7E3A17FD45" box="[429,527,655,678]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
):
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC6FFD5B847FD7E3AECFD45" box="[552,756,655,679]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Colour in alcohol</emphasis>
(much darker in life): Generally darker reddish-brown than male; light areas on carapace mottled with dark brown spots, flower-shaped area around fovea less clearly outlined; tarsi and metatarsi of legs and palps mostly dark, with a small light zone at base of palpal tarsi and leg metatarsi; all tibiae with dark proximal and subdistal annulations; femora with indistinct (in comparison to tibiae) and broken proximal and subdistal annulations; opisthosomal tergites II-V with larger dark median patches; genital area darker than surrounding parts of genital sternite, with a light posterior margin.
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC6FFD5BAF8FBFD3968FBC6" box="[151,368,1036,1061]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Bristles on carapace</emphasis>
: As in male, plus several tiny bristles behind fovea.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4261544FFC6FFD5BAF8FBBD3AB1FB60" blockId="34.[151,756,655,2078]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC6FFD5BAF8FBBD3959FB80" box="[151,321,1100,1123]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Cheliceral teeth</emphasis>
: Eleven mostly strong cheliceral teeth on promargin of left cheliceral groove, nine on right.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4261544FFC6FFD5BAF8FB7A3ABDFAE1" blockId="34.[151,756,655,2078]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC6FFD5BAF8FB7A38C2FB41" box="[151,218,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Claws</emphasis>
: Palpal claws with two denticles. Paired claws with 2-3 denticles on anterior legs, 2-4 denticles on posterior legs; unpaired claws with two denticles on tarsi I-III, none on tarsus IV. All tarsi without scopula.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4261544FFC6FFD5BAF8FAFB3916F883" blockId="34.[151,756,655,2078]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC6FFD5BAF8FAFB38CBFAC2" box="[151,211,1290,1313]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Vulva</emphasis>
: Posterior margin of genital sternite slightly and widely invaginated. Vulval plate (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFC6FFD5B87CFADB3A7EFAA0" box="[531,614,1322,1347]" captionStart="Fig. 18" captionStartId="33.[151,186,1968,1989]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,576,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[148,1439,544,1931]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 18. Liphistius indra sp. nov., vulval plate of four female paratypes (all from exuviae): moult 15. III. 2012 (A-B), moult 10. II. 2001 (C-D), moult 15. VIII. 2002 (E-F), moult 3. XI. 2001 (G-H). (A, C, E) Entire structure, dorsal view. (B, D, F) Same, ventral view. (G) Anterior part of vulval plate, ventral view. (H) Receptacular cluster, ventral view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A-D, G-H; E-F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021975/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
, illustrations of
<typeStatus id="1B22ABE6FFC6FFD5BAD8FABA3907FA80" box="[183,287,1355,1379]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
) with pigmentation much reduced but still discernible in median zone. Posterior stalk reduced to a very weakly pigmented, wide to narrow anterior part and a small, strongly pigmented, ventrad-bent posterior sclerite at some distance from posterior margin of genital sternite. Genital atrium with numerous hairs on both sides of remnant of posterior stalk. Lateral and posterior margins of poreplate indistinctly outlined, not bulging from ventral side; anterior margin only slightly invaginated at midpoint, not forming anterolateral lobes. CDO relatively small, longitudinally slit-like or semicircular, lying in weakly pigmented area of poreplate (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFC6FFD5BB67F93939DBF903" box="[264,451,1736,1760]" captionStart="Fig. 18" captionStartId="33.[151,186,1968,1989]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,576,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[148,1439,544,1931]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 18. Liphistius indra sp. nov., vulval plate of four female paratypes (all from exuviae): moult 15. III. 2012 (A-B), moult 10. II. 2001 (C-D), moult 15. VIII. 2002 (E-F), moult 3. XI. 2001 (G-H). (A, C, E) Entire structure, dorsal view. (B, D, F) Same, ventral view. (G) Anterior part of vulval plate, ventral view. (H) Receptacular cluster, ventral view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A-D, G-H; E-F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021975/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Fig. 18A, C, E, G</figureCitation>
, showing
<typeStatus id="1B22ABE6FFC6FFD5B843F9393A8FF903" box="[556,663,1736,1760]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
). Ventral receptacular cluster quite large and racemose, not divided into two lateral subclusters, its individual vesicles mostly digitiform, longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFC6FFD5BBBCF8D63A97F8DC" box="[467,655,1831,1856]" captionStart="Fig. 18" captionStartId="33.[151,186,1968,1989]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,576,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[148,1439,544,1931]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 18. Liphistius indra sp. nov., vulval plate of four female paratypes (all from exuviae): moult 15. III. 2012 (A-B), moult 10. II. 2001 (C-D), moult 15. VIII. 2002 (E-F), moult 3. XI. 2001 (G-H). (A, C, E) Entire structure, dorsal view. (B, D, F) Same, ventral view. (G) Anterior part of vulval plate, ventral view. (H) Receptacular cluster, ventral view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A-D, G-H; E-F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021975/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Fig. 18B, D, F, H</figureCitation>
, showing
<typeStatus id="1B22ABE6FFC6FFD5BAF8F8B9391AF883" box="[151,258,1864,1888]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4261544FFC6FFD5BAF8F8993B66FE9B" blockId="34.[151,756,655,2078]" lastBlockId="34.[831,1437,258,376]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC6FFD5BAF8F899392AF89C" box="[151,306,1896,1919]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Measurements</emphasis>
: Total length 19.45; carapace 6.61 long, 5.67 wide; opisthosoma 8.27 long, 6.69 wide; eye mound 0.95 long, 1.01 wide; palpal coxae 2.20 long, 1.54 wide; labium 0.75 long, 1.73 wide; sternum 3.15 long, 2.20 wide (1.26 on ventral surface); palp 11.61 long (3.78 + 2.20 + 2.83 + 2.80); leg I 14.25 long (4.49 + 2.48 + 2.95 + 2.87 + 1.46); leg II 14.68 long (4.49 + 2.56 + 2.95 + 3.11 + 1.57); leg III 15.43 long (4.57 + 2.56 + 2.99 + 3.58 + 1.73); leg IV 22.44 long (6.30 + 2.91 + 4.57 + 6.14 + 2.52).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4261544FFC6FFD5B950FE613B82FBC2" blockId="34.[831,1437,400,1057]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC6FFD5B950FE613BAEFE44" bold="true" box="[831,950,400,423]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Variation:</emphasis>
Carapace lengths in males (n=10) 4.50- 6.83, carapace widths 3.98-6.21; in females with welldeveloped vulval plates (n=18) 5.55-7.24 and 4.80- 6.30, respectively. All ten males possess a weak ventral scopula on tarsus IV; it is medially divided in three of them (including the
<typeStatus id="1B22ABE6FFC6FFD5BE4FFDDF3C9AFDA6" box="[1056,1154,558,581]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), undivided in the others. Three males have more or less distinct remnants of “tibial spurs” (
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC6FFD5B983FD9E3C30FD65" box="[1004,1064,623,646]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A00868B5FFC6FFD5BE59FD9F3D74FD66" author="Platnick N. &amp; Goloboff P. A." box="[1078,1388,622,646]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" pagination="1265 - 1270" part="93" refString="Platnick N. I., Goloboff P. A. 1985. On the monophyly of the spider suborder Mesothelae (Arachnida: Araneae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 93 (4): 1265 - 1270." title="On the monophyly of the spider suborder Mesothelae (Arachnida: Araneae)" type="journal article" year="1985">Platnick &amp; Goloboff, 1985</bibRefCitation>
) on legs I-III. A male lacks one of its AME; in all other specimens examined both AME are well-developed. Variation in details of the male palp, see
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFC6FFD5BF79FD3C3D7CFD05" box="[1302,1380,717,742]" captionStart="Fig. 17" captionStartId="32.[151,186,1915,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,262,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[148,1439,254,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 17. Liphistius indra sp. nov., details of left (A-I) and right (J-K) palp of three males; holotype (A, C-D, G, I), paratype matured 4. X. 2012 (B, F, H, K), paratype matured 24. VIII. 2011 (E, J). (A) Distal part of palp, ventral view. (B) Distal part of cymbium and palpal organ, prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ, retrodorsal view. (D) Same, proventral and slightly proximal view. (E-F) Tegulum, retrodorsal view. (G-H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Paracymbium and tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. (J-K) Tibial apophysis, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A, I; B-F, H; J-K), 0.5 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021973/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
G-H, I-K; variation in the morphology of the vulval plate, see
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFC6FFD5B903FCFD3BA5FCC6" box="[876,957,780,805]" captionStart="Fig. 18" captionStartId="33.[151,186,1968,1989]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,576,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[148,1439,544,1931]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 18. Liphistius indra sp. nov., vulval plate of four female paratypes (all from exuviae): moult 15. III. 2012 (A-B), moult 10. II. 2001 (C-D), moult 15. VIII. 2002 (E-F), moult 3. XI. 2001 (G-H). (A, C, E) Entire structure, dorsal view. (B, D, F) Same, ventral view. (G) Anterior part of vulval plate, ventral view. (H) Receptacular cluster, ventral view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (A-D, G-H; E-F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021975/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
. One of the larger females examined has a small knob-like sclerite in the membranous dorsal wall of its vulva which fits into the CDO of the ventral wall (= vulval plate). Such a structure was also observed in some (but only few) vulvae of large females of other species. This is an unlikely (because inefficient) plugging device and more probably a by-product of increased sclerotisation of the vulval plate in old females.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8346CFFFC6FFD5B950FBC83C89FA8C" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C4261544FFC6FFD5B950FBC83C89FA8C" blockId="34.[831,1437,1081,1391]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC6FFD5B950FBC83BCFFBB3" bold="true" box="[831,983,1081,1104]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Distribution:</emphasis>
Known only from the
<typeStatus id="1B22ABE6FFC6FFD5BF66FBCB3D20FBB1" box="[1289,1336,1082,1106]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">type</typeStatus>
locality (
<figureCitation id="5CA209C1FFC6FFD5B928FBA93B90FB92" box="[839,904,1112,1137]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="1.[151,186,1392,1413]" captionTargetBox="[153,758,625,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[149,499,895,1170]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Localities of Liphistius species of the malayanus - group, tioman - group, linang - group and batuenis - group in peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand (coast of Sumatra omitted): 1 - Gunung Angsi (type locality of L. malayanus); 2 - Templer Park and Gua Anak Takun (L. malayanus, L. batuensis); 3 - Genting Highlands (L. malayanus); 4 - Fraser’s Hill (L. malayanus); 5 - Cameron Highlands (type locality of L. malayanus cameroni); 6 - Sungai Jasin in Endau Rompin National Park (type locality of L. endau); 7 - Gunung Belumut (L. endau); 8 - Gunung Muntahak (L. endau; type locality of L. gracilis sp. nov.); 9 - Sungai Rengit (type locality of L. johore); 10 - Gunung Kajang on Tioman Island (type locality of L. tioman); 11 - Gua Charas in Bukit Charas (type locality of L. panching); 12 - Nusa Camp in Taman Negara (type locality of L. negara sp. nov.); 13 - Jeram Linang Waterfall (type locality of L. linang sp. nov.); 14 - Sankalakhierie Mountains (type locality of L. indra); 15 - Batu Caves (type locality of L. batuensis); 16 - Gua Tempurung (type locality of L. tempurung); 17 - Gua Cicak (L. tempurung); 18 - Gua Keris (type locality of L. priceae sp. nov). Localities with conspecific populations are encircled. Colours distinguish species groups." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1021937/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, locality 14) in the deep south of
<collectingCountry id="BC8E55D4FFC6FFD5BE90FBA93D79FB8C" box="[1279,1377,1112,1135]" name="Thailand" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Thailand</collectingCountry>
. This area lies in the former Sultanate of
<collectingRegion id="065DDBA6FFC6FFD5BED6FB893D1BFB6C" box="[1209,1283,1144,1167]" country="Thailand" name="Pattani" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Pattani</collectingRegion>
which was an independent Malay kingdom until 1785, then became a tributary of the kingdom of
<collectingCountry id="BC8E55D4FFC6FFD5BE1EFB463CB2FB2D" box="[1137,1194,1207,1230]" name="Thailand" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Siam</collectingCountry>
, and in 1909 formally a Siamese province. A second species,
<taxonomicName id="03996EC7FFC6FFD5BF66FB263C85FAF3" authority="Schwendinger, 1990" authorityName="Schwendinger" authorityYear="1990" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaleban">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC6FFD5BF66FB263D6BFB0D" box="[1289,1395,1239,1262]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Liphistius</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC6FFD5B950FB063B86FAED" box="[831,926,1271,1294]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">thaleban</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A00868B5FFC6FFD5B9DEFB063C85FAF3" author="Schwendinger P. J." box="[945,1181,1271,1296]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" pagination="331 - 351" part="19" refString="Schwendinger P. J. 1990. On the spider genus Liphistius (Araneae: Mesothelae) in Thailand and Burma. Zoologica Scripta 19 (3): 331 - 351." title="On the spider genus Liphistius (Araneae: Mesothelae) in Thailand and Burma" type="journal article" year="1990">Schwendinger, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, occurs at the same locality. That species is much larger, has orangecoloured femora in larger juveniles and adult females, and belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="03996EC7FFC6FFD5BE66FAA63C5BFA8D" authorityName="Platnick &amp; Sedgwick" authorityYear="1984" box="[1033,1091,1367,1390]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trang">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC6FFD5BE66FAA63C5BFA8D" box="[1033,1091,1367,1390]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">trang</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8346CFFFC6FFD4B950FA743979FC9D" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="426" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C4261544FFC6FFD5B950FA743C35F999" blockId="34.[831,1437,1413,2078]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC6FFD5B950FA743B87FA7F" bold="true" box="[831,927,1413,1436]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Biology:</emphasis>
The spiders examined were collected in an evergreen rain forest, close to a stream. Their burrows had a single trapdoor, usually opening downwards, and 8-10 (mostly nine) relatively short signal lines (up to
<quantity id="0361B8A1FFC6FFD5B90FF9F53B83F9FF" box="[864,923,1540,1564]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
long) spread over soil surface. Trapdoors of penultimate males (n=8) were
<quantity id="0361B8A1FFC6FFD5BECCF9D23D33F9D8" box="[1187,1323,1571,1595]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.525" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" unit="cm" value="1.525" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.25">1.25-1.8 cm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="0361B8A1FFC6FFD5B950F9B23BD9F9B8" box="[831,961,1603,1627]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9749999999999999" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" unit="cm" value="1.9749999999999999" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.65">1.65-2.3 cm</quantity>
wide, those of females (n=17) up to
<quantity id="0361B8A1FFC6FFD5BF3CF9B53D85F9B8" box="[1363,1437,1604,1628]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" unit="cm" value="2.1">2.1 cm</quantity>
long and 3.0 cm wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4261544FFC6FFD5B950F9723CD5F8D8" blockId="34.[831,1437,1413,2078]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Males matured in captivity between August and November, most (six out of ten) in September. Adult females in captivity usually moulted twice per year, in January to April and in June to November. As all females were collected in July and October (outside the breeding season), no egg cases were observed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4261544FFC6FFD5B950F8B43D68F85F" blockId="34.[831,1437,1413,2078]" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">
Upon being provoked, one mature male and one large female displayed “tiptoing” but without the pumping movements (raising and lowering the body above the surface) usually observed in large
<taxonomicName id="03996EC7FFC6FFD5BEC1F8543D0FF85F" authorityName="Schiodte" authorityYear="1849" box="[1198,1303,1957,1980]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC6FFD5BEC1F8543D0FF85F" box="[1198,1303,1957,1980]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Liphistius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spiders.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4261544FFC6FFD4B950F8373A87FE59" blockId="34.[831,1437,1413,2078]" lastBlockId="35.[151,756,258,894]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="426" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">
Two females carried mites of the genus
<taxonomicName id="03996EC7FFC6FFD5BF69F8343D7EF83F" authorityName="Oudemans" authorityYear="1932" box="[1286,1382,1989,2012]" class="Arachnida" family="Laelapidae" genus="Ljunghia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC6FFD5BF69F8343D7EF83F" box="[1286,1382,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="425">Ljunghia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="A00868B5FFC6FFD5B950F8143C97F81F" author="Halliday B. &amp; Juvara-Bals I." box="[831,1167,2021,2046]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic and Applied Acarology" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" pagination="830 - 864" part="21" refString="Halliday B., Juvara-Bals I. 2016. Systematics and biology of the mite genus Ljungia Oudemans in Southeast Asia (Acari: Laelapidae). Systematic and Applied Acarology 21 (6): 830 - 864." title="Systematics and biology of the mite genus Ljungia Oudemans in Southeast Asia (Acari: Laelapidae)" type="journal article" year="2016">Halliday &amp; Juvara-Bals, 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 857) which left clearly visible dark bite marks on the carapace and on the light proximal portion of the chelicerae, but not on other parts of the body. The mites were seen to aggregate in the fovea, around the sternum, under the spinnerets and on the ventral side of the leg femora of the spiders. One mite was seen inserting its gnathosoma into one of the bite marks on the carapace, obviously taking in food.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4261544FFC7FFD4BAF8FE34395FFCFC" blockId="35.[151,756,258,894]" pageId="35" pageNumber="426">
Two immature males (with swollen palpal tarsi and thus possibly penultimate; not
<typeStatus id="1B22ABE6FFC7FFD4BBC6FE143A09FE1E" box="[425,529,485,509]" pageId="35" pageNumber="426" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
) had a swollen, lightcoloured (like porcelain) opisthosoma when collected and died soon afterwards. This indicates an infection with Rickettsiales (see
<bibRefCitation id="A00868B5FFC7FFD4BBF3FDB73A31FDBD" author="Haupt J." box="[412,553,582,606]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica" pageId="35" pageNumber="426" pagination="1 - 102" part="154" refString="Haupt J. 2003. The Mesothelae - a monograph of an exceptional group of spiders (Araneae: Mesothelae). Zoologica 154: 1 - 102." title="The Mesothelae - a monograph of an exceptional group of spiders (Araneae: Mesothelae)" type="journal article" year="2003">Haupt, 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 66-67, fig. 41D).
<bibRefCitation id="A00868B5FFC7FFD4BAF8FD9739E1FD9F" author="Haupt J." box="[151,505,613,638]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica" pageId="35" pageNumber="426" pagination="1 - 102" part="154" refString="Haupt J. 2003. The Mesothelae - a monograph of an exceptional group of spiders (Araneae: Mesothelae). Zoologica 154: 1 - 102." title="The Mesothelae - a monograph of an exceptional group of spiders (Araneae: Mesothelae)" type="journal article" year="2003">Haupt (2003: 67, figs 24A, 25A)</bibRefCitation>
reported rickettsia-like microorganisms in the spermophore of the mesothelid
<taxonomicName id="03996EC7FFC7FFD4BAF8FD573A03FD5C" authority="(Haupt, 1979)" authorityName="Haupt" authorityYear="1979" baseAuthorityName="Haupt" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[151,539,678,703]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Ryuthela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="35" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nishihirai">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC7FFD4BAF8FD573975FD5E" box="[151,365,678,701]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="426">Ryuthela nishihirai</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A00868B5FFC7FFD4BBEBFD563A0CFD5C" author="Haupt J." box="[388,532,679,703]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="35" pageNumber="426" pagination="348 - 374" part="202" refString="Haupt J. 1979. Lebensweise und Sexualverhalten der mesothelen Spinne Heptathela nishihirai n. sp. (Araneae, Liphistiidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 202 (5 / 6): 348 - 374." title="Lebensweise und Sexualverhalten der mesothelen Spinne Heptathela nishihirai n. sp. (Araneae, Liphistiidae)" type="journal article" year="1979">Haupt, 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and assumed that infection can occur through copulation. This was certainly not the case in the two immature males of
<taxonomicName id="03996EC7FFC7FFD4BAF8FCF938F5FCFD" authority="Peter J. Schwendinger, 2017" authorityName="Peter J. Schwendinger" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,237,775,799]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="35" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC7FFD4BAF8FCF938F5FCFD" box="[151,237,775,799]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="426">L. indra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EDDE742DFFC7FFD4BA9BFCF9395FFCFC" box="[244,327,776,799]" pageId="35" pageNumber="426" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4261544FFC7FFD4BAF8FCD93979FC9D" blockId="35.[151,756,258,894]" pageId="35" pageNumber="426">
At the
<typeStatus id="1B22ABE6FFC7FFD4BAB1FCD93914FCA3" box="[222,268,808,832]" pageId="35" pageNumber="426">type</typeStatus>
locality,
<taxonomicName id="03996EC7FFC7FFD4BB03FCD839D9FCDD" authority="Peter J. Schwendinger, 2017" authorityName="Peter J. Schwendinger" authorityYear="2017" box="[364,449,807,832]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="35" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC7FFD4BB03FCD839D9FCDD" box="[364,449,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="426">L. indra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EDDE742DFFC7FFD4BBA9FCD93A00FCDC" box="[454,536,808,831]" pageId="35" pageNumber="426" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
occurs together with
<taxonomicName id="03996EC7FFC7FFD4BAF8FCB93988FCBC" authorityName="Schwendinger" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,400,840,863]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="35" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaleban">
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC7FFD4BAF8FCB93918FCBC" box="[151,256,840,863]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="426">Liphistius</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="F6EDC956FFC7FFD4BB5CFCB93988FCBC" box="[307,400,840,863]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="426">thaleban</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Burrows of both species were found side by side.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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