161 lines
16 KiB
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161 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="BE5FD3070204C1A3C8E90658EE8F4711" ID-CLB-Dataset="36062" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.548.6164" ID-GBIF-Dataset="62b6d215-f763-403e-8931-b2f25666d5ab" ID-PMC="PMC4714362" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-548-1" ID-PubMed="26798322" ID-ZooBank="D5D7B51E5AC6460D9B3C7584E46F9B3F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-548-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 548" ModsDocTitle="An illustrated key to the cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of the Nordic and Baltic countries, with description of a new species" checkinTime="1451243596421" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Paukkunen, Juho, Berg, Alexander, Soon, Villu, Odegaard, Frode & Rosa, Paolo" docDate="2015" docId="7D848DA495A428F71AB4B3C788C91B0C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 548: 1-116" docOrigin="ZooKeys 548" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.548.6164" docTitle="Pseudomalus violaceus Scopoli 1763" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="F34E322C6E3DFFFDFFB9090AFFD3FFAC" masterDocTitle="An illustrated key to the cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of the Nordic and Baltic countries, with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1732619744308" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B51ADE6DB3555E4AC9F9C053580F4347">An illustrated key to the cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of the Nordic and Baltic countries, with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="252E164BE7521FBA0754278E66264355">Paukkunen, Juho</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A9566776D56648B1996BB9C5B92915BF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E0D35AFA27394B04C98A00B903F35B36">Berg, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="806F613FEBB56E81AC72A352715446F2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FDD989A901FFD7FB0EAA231A6BFB41C9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="977DDB29CCF891BDD704AB66D747D4DD">Soon, Villu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="FCCF82B484043388195FF5993C057F87" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3EFE517614CED3A89755BDACD49D135A">Odegaard, Frode</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="2C43470BD21B0798B792B00D726FEB42" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="133B029B449E55371496737A51026F80">Rosa, Paolo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F7713E0C581BE153B3A0512455A5E53D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FAE5BCA740305F0EB1C02EEA50FD0D87">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1D72468ACEA2486E260C4B10F537C23B">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0B1E38D0A87925A3A67812FB00302AEF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D139572A0A7EC68416058991947B2BA9">548</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F59FFCC7E23ACF36FAA9F68C6E24E70C">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="E39DC72D113D166FD6DBA18F245D19D3">116</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="E224C0BF904AD079FF919DDFB2F0729B">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.548.6164</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="B92383106816AFF2EEDA70E19B855866">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3BFB7082929E8C7660C21E859DF3D872" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.548.6164</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7ACF439F35F655341CE3F730012E8A1E" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-548-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="60AD5E792D8F94066ECDBDC7F067BDF7" type="ZooBank">D5D7B51E5AC6460D9B3C7584E46F9B3F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="7D848DA495A428F71AB4B3C788C91B0C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127852957" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7D848DA495A428F71AB4B3C788C91B0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D848DA495A428F71AB4B3C788C91B0C" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" scope_family="Chrysididae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Chrysidinae" scope_tribe="Elampini">
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<subSubSection id="9BCE8A994A38F5942F6F8A2AA4B9E5D0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="E5D6962E9CF1C14F24301ABDB84A0C89" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<pageBreakToken id="FB3CFFF52F245A79E2F8470BBC930991" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Hymenoptera Chrysididae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="283A00DFFD44D39F4C67934D363DFF7C" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B2AEEFA1EB9944A439687200E6739A03" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="C89C3515AC81B3BDAC091F525727A2EF" authority="Scopoli, 1763" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" genus="Pseudomalus" lsidName="Pseudomalus violaceus" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="violaceus">Pseudomalus violaceus (Scopoli, 1763)</taxonomicName>
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Fig. 30
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7A84C675B5DB0346058BD6FE053F8087" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7F254B352D23CEAC4EC6B62EF398C1AC" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="10B7F7DD02629F2E29BC1092137B6CC5" class="Insecta" family="Sphecidae" genus="Sphex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphex violacea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violacea">
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<pageBreakToken id="96A8D0CAD3E08D36F891F26F9A125F13" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">Sphex</pageBreakToken>
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violacea
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</taxonomicName>
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Scopoli, 1763: 298.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9817981550BAC7099EEBE0B86BA11D59" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="EC89F03F62C75FAE1DBCB0C0D0FACD8B" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis micans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">Chrysis micans</taxonomicName>
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Olivier, 1791: 677.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7EE437BBF00782587BB1C5CCA4FF3DA4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="16BFC9D45CEE4EF2F17CBBE06182913C" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis fuscipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipennis">Chrysis fuscipennis</taxonomicName>
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Dahlbom, 1829: 15.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C3255DDD360699B0C00E35C0D93A451" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="2E3EFF917FC7AC8DB642F98E77C0E4C6" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis coerulea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coerulea">Chrysis coerulea</taxonomicName>
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Dahlbom, 1831: 33.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="67D902220F9411FCD9B7F2F05CB71898" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="E1E04D625281B514DC7B33341B9BFA08" genus="Pseudomalus" lsidName="Pseudomalus violaceus" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species" species="violaceus">Pseudomalus violaceus</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="8FB494028469F88FA9E1A35044686584" author="Kimsey, LS" journalOrPublisher="Oxford Press, New York" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" title="[1990] The Chrysidid Wasps of the World." year="1991">Kimsey and Bohart 1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 270.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9DD356D8D39259D8310EF14C35E79D85" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="EFBA295057D4B6BF01A5611B9E0A64A3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E519BB5F0B246168613D30377D5BC067" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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Length 5-8 mm. The species differs from other species of the genus by its completely violet-blue (female) or black-green to black-blue (male) body, and a wide and shallow apical notch on T3. The scapal basin is also higher and dorsally deeply angled. Exceptionally small and worn specimens can be confused with
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<taxonomicName id="CCE3A20FC5DCAD90B9F437C24280AD32" genus="Omalus" lsidName="Omalus puncticollis" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species" species="puncticollis">Omalus puncticollis</taxonomicName>
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(or
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<taxonomicName id="D5EF01D09E63F060E730184F75815D6D" genus="Omalus" lsidName="Omalus aeneus" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species" species="aeneus">Omalus aeneus</taxonomicName>
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), but the mesopleuron of
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<taxonomicName id="A185974B9A46B94FB169F527A50E1C8F" genus="Pseudomalus" lsidName="Pseudomalus violaceus" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species" species="violaceus">Pseudomalus violaceus</taxonomicName>
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always strongly projects ventrally (as in Fig. 28) and the mesoscutum has large punctures, which are clumped postero-medially (as in Fig. 27).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A38367BB4CD3D1C2875C2CFA8C110E18" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="37D28740B1DC132DC4D05141A396B0AF" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="78D1E56606431E45E50266E7BEB57140" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden. Relatively rare. - Trans-Palearctic (?). Europe, Middle East, Siberia, Manchuria (
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<bibRefCitation id="66C39154CF4EF12DE4B9B1C3CA15A81E" author="Linsenmaier, W" journalOrPublisher="Veroeffentlichungen aus dem Natur-Museum Luzern" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 139" title="Die Goldwespen der Schweiz." volume="9" year="1997">Linsenmaier 1997</bibRefCitation>
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). Eastern records could be related to
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<taxonomicName id="5CC9DA215D2A8CCCDFBA345776EB8DE2" genus="Pseudomalus" lsidName="Pseudomalus bergi" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species" species="bergi">Pseudomalus bergi</taxonomicName>
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Semenov, 1932 (
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<bibRefCitation id="3D702D130331EB3C2322D6B195875F04" author="Rosa, P" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 128" title="An annotated checklist of the chrysidid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) from China." url="10.3897/zookeys.455.6557" volume="455" year="2014">Rosa et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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) or other similar central Asiatic species, e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="AAE84A732512CB3961EE12085E26BB9F" genus="Pseudomalus" lsidName="Pseudomalus bogojavlenskii" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species" species="bogojavlenskii">Pseudomalus bogojavlenskii</taxonomicName>
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Semenov, 1932 or
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<taxonomicName id="17B935CADAA20E11C2C7291EFA7AB6FA" genus="Pseudomalus" lsidName="Pseudomalus saturatus" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species" species="saturatus">Pseudomalus saturatus</taxonomicName>
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Semenov, 1932.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="585E4671C044AB48A19C6224E5E43747" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="biology">
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<paragraph id="709104C94529E921D9E1777E6846B0C4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3149E60495224D58153A66544E31B476" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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Habitat: forest margins and clearings. Often found on leaves of sun-exposed deciduous trees and bushes. Flight period: June to August. Adults are attracted to honeydew of aphids (
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<bibRefCitation id="5CF99179137B389BB259D3EE55827EA7" author="Gauss, R" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen des Badischen Landesvereins fuer Naturkunde und Naturschutz, Neue Folge" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="361 - 371" title="Varietaeten, Abnormitaten und Raritaten bei Hautflueglern (HymenopteraAculeata), gleichzeitig dritter Nachtrag zur Hautflueglerfauna im badischen Raum." volume="14" year="1987">Gauss 1987</bibRefCitation>
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). Host:
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<taxonomicName id="DB7F68F13B38B3911C632988331EBCA2" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pemphredon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pemphredon lugubris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">Pemphredon lugubris</taxonomicName>
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(Fabricius), more rarely also
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<taxonomicName id="27C3C634F6A9283F9D9B3B7639E8E7DB" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Passaloecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Passaloecus corniger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corniger">Passaloecus corniger</taxonomicName>
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Shuckard and
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<taxonomicName id="42183038F7E43486CFDA133E9D71E0F1" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Passaloecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Passaloecus eremita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eremita">Passaloecus eremita</taxonomicName>
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Kohl (
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<taxonomicName id="9F92BB83449B8667A72D5AF32CECE384" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crabronidae</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="C52B2AE4548E4EE4BDBBA2E3039B9F04" author="Nielsen, IC" journalOrPublisher="Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i Kjobenhavn for" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="255 - 280" title="Biologiske Studier over Gravehvepse." volume="1900" year="1900">Nielsen 1900</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="E73C837D20CE968998B1F730617C9A90" author="Morgan, D" journalOrPublisher="Royal Entomological Society of London, London" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" title="Cuckoo-wasps, Hymenoptera, Chrysididae. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol. 6, Part 5." year="1984">Morgan 1984</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="3F18421D24E60BE478742F3436A7215D" author="Gathmann, A" journalOrPublisher="Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege Baden-Wuerttemberg" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="277 - 305" title="Landschafts-Bewertung mit Bienen und Wespen in Nisthilfen: Artenspectrum, Interactionen und Bestimmungschluessel." volume="73" year="1999">Gathmann and Tscharntke 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, our own obs.). Host records of other species (e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="B1FEAD2A50AEFCBEFC1C86FB5017A779" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Trypoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trypoxylon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trypoxylon</taxonomicName>
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Latreille) are doubtful, because of their deviant biology compared to other hosts. In Finland, the species has been reared from an old gall of
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<taxonomicName id="C210F1D3CB5586926074F59A1E22ED89" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saperda populnea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="populnea">Saperda populnea</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus) (
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<taxonomicName id="D34662205703076F0B879F2E35F8A156" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerambycidae</taxonomicName>
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) on a
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<taxonomicName id="035444515A4E44077E4D43C55383A336" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Populus</taxonomicName>
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branch (M. Pentinsaari pers. obs.) and a rotten
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<taxonomicName id="DB917B41309B88771EDACB49D39FBF28" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Alnus</taxonomicName>
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stump containing host nests.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |