1044 lines
129 KiB
XML
1044 lines
129 KiB
XML
<document id="E64BED18DD1809FB564D005C52E1B6BA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.180286" ID-GBIF-Dataset="906f4ea7-2dd0-4ede-b0c9-3e3ea531fcec" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="180286" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459802972642" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Lemmon, Alan R., Collins, Joseph T. & Cannatella, David C." docDate="2008" docId="D400E234FFDD0A0B9DCFFCD8E720F500" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01675p030.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1675" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pseudacris fouquettei Lemmon, Lemmon, Collins & Cannatella, 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="28399A4CFFDE0A069D58FFCAE433F742" masterDocTitle="A new North American chorus frog species (Amphibia: Hylidae: Pseudacris) from the south-central United States" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698220159955" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="60D52A3114F2B812BD6609FD663FA0F9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0E59261D2E508FDB7604BFCB7AFD9F67">
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<mods:title id="5E8E4C1441AF847AB24FA5A6824B8645">A new North American chorus frog species (Amphibia: Hylidae: Pseudacris) from the south-central United States</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="AB6CC5DD922ABFA767BE832748FB670D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8534AE945F6C1B6DB882C2D2FFD5085F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A6728F4B51EFF78CD0F27D87ED60869C">Lemmon, Emily Moriarty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="729C260E32967F2B1D01F439823FA898">Lemmon, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F38D94DA20E328ABCC71BEEA356FAC8B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="71CF294CAD7D5A10AD0916B3E2912C48">Collins, Joseph T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="159EB0810EDB5EC564DCD57EC18ABCC7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3D233077FD842965077161ED4D1888A0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6C9EB7E2B3FFF751673AFB23C076D6E0">Cannatella, David C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D895DCB7EDAE4712CD0224872FFC004B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:part id="8C6980D3FD75E0CBFBD0DC78077402C9">
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<mods:date id="68A240B264F40DBB364B0B0DE6C523C7">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C67BFA13905150E914E5AD67CD17C9E1">1675</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8662436AF61FA379323E143A1BD1EDBE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0DFB47DC0FF5756B044BE14C67F31013" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.180286</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D400E234FFDD0A0B9DCFFCD8E720F500" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5618062" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119352217" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5618062" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D400E234FFDD0A0B9DCFFCD8E720F500" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D400E234FFDD0A0B9DCFFCD8E720F500" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="14B300A9FFDD0A059DCFFCD8E571F40D" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5C165322FFDD0A059DCFFCD8E633F46E" blockId="3.[151,512,786,887]" box="[151,512,786,812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="075EE44EFFDD0A059DCFFCD8E633F46E" bold="true" box="[151,512,786,812]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059DCFFCD8E633F46E" bold="true" box="[151,512,786,812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFDD0A059DCFFCD8E5AFF46E" ID-CoL="4NH9J" box="[151,412,786,812]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059DCFFCD8E5AFF46E" bold="true" box="[151,412,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75EE324BFFDD0A059CFBFCD8E633F46E" box="[419,512,786,812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFDD0A059DCFFCFFE571F40D" blockId="3.[151,512,786,887]" box="[151,322,821,847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4924FA7FFDD0A059DC7FCFFE4C2F40D" box="[159,241,821,847]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,254,1700,1724]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Preserved specimens of Pseudacris feriarum, P. fouquettei, P. maculata, and P. nigrita (rows). Top (part 1) and side views (part 2) are shown. Three populations of each species are represented (columns). Specimens are described with localities and field numbers from left to right by species: Pseudacris nigrita Harrison Co., Mississippi TNHC 63594; Barnwell Co., South Carolina TNHC 62207; Brevard Co., Florida TNHC 62364; Pseudacris fouquettei East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana TNHC 62265 (holotype); Evangeline Parish, Louisiana TNHC 62278; Craighead Co., Arkansas TNHC 62264; Pseudacris feriarum Macon Co., Alabama TNHC 63128; Obion Co., Tennessee TNHC 62275; Chatham Co., North Carolina TNHC 62288; and Pseudacris maculata Douglas Co., Kansas TNHC 62377; Cache Co., Utah TNHC 62406 (juvenile); Warren Co., Iowa TNHC 63370. The black bar corresponds to 1 cm on the specimen." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4924FA7FFDD0A059C71FCFFE50BF40D" box="[297,312,821,847]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,254,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[157,1436,218,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,212,1820]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of Pseudacris feriarum, P. fouquettei, P. maculata, and P. nigrita in life. Specimens are described with localities and museum numbers from left to right: P. nigrita: Calhoun Co., Florida TNHC 63211 and Barnwell Co., South Carolina TNHC 62205; P. fouquettei: Marion Co., Mississippi TNHC 63600 and Craighead Co., Arkansas TNHC 62259; P. feriarum: Calhoun Co., Florida TNHC 63319 and Johnson Co., North Carolina TNHC 63564; P. m a c u l a t a: Fillmore Co., Minnnesota TNHC 63612 and Douglas Co., Kansas TNHC 62378. Photos by EML except TNHC 63612 was photographed by Suzanne L. Collins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180288/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3</figureCitation>
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||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="14B300A9FFDD0A059DCFFC97E544F435" box="[151,375,861,887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFDD0A059DCFFC97E544F435" blockId="3.[151,512,786,887]" box="[151,375,861,887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cajun Chorus Frog</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="14B300A9FFDD0A059DCFFC67E0CFF3CD" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFDD0A059DCFFC67E51EF37D" blockId="3.[151,1437,941,1567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8312ED80FFDD0A059DCFFC67E53AF485" box="[151,265,941,967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059DCFFC67E53AF485" bold="true" box="[151,265,941,967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
: (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4924FA7FFDD0A059C79FC67E555F485" box="[289,358,941,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,254,1700,1724]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Preserved specimens of Pseudacris feriarum, P. fouquettei, P. maculata, and P. nigrita (rows). Top (part 1) and side views (part 2) are shown. Three populations of each species are represented (columns). Specimens are described with localities and field numbers from left to right by species: Pseudacris nigrita Harrison Co., Mississippi TNHC 63594; Barnwell Co., South Carolina TNHC 62207; Brevard Co., Florida TNHC 62364; Pseudacris fouquettei East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana TNHC 62265 (holotype); Evangeline Parish, Louisiana TNHC 62278; Craighead Co., Arkansas TNHC 62264; Pseudacris feriarum Macon Co., Alabama TNHC 63128; Obion Co., Tennessee TNHC 62275; Chatham Co., North Carolina TNHC 62288; and Pseudacris maculata Douglas Co., Kansas TNHC 62377; Cache Co., Utah TNHC 62406 (juvenile); Warren Co., Iowa TNHC 63370. The black bar corresponds to 1 cm on the specimen." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<collectionCode id="3AB8CBE7FFDD0A059C2FFC67E5F4F485" box="[375,455,941,967]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/57yf-fp36" name="Texas Memorial Museum, Texas Natural History Collection" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">TNHC</collectionCode>
|
||
62265 (Texas Natural History Collection; field no.
|
||
<collectionCode id="3AB8CBE7FFDD0A05997CFC67E054F485" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13249" box="[1060,1127,941,967]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13249" name="Hubei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ECM</collectionCode>
|
||
0029), adult male from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="24BE13B2FFDD0A059DCFFC1FE509F4AD" box="[151,314,981,1007]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Louisiana: East Baton Rouge Parish: (NW of Baywood on Lee Price Road,
|
||
<quantity id="9B51FEC7FFDD0A059982FC1FE114F4AD" box="[1242,1319,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2530816" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mi" value="1.4">1.4 mi</quantity>
|
||
W of jct. with SR 37;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="399D35E5FFDD0A059C6DFC37E599F355" box="[309,426,1021,1047]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="5" value="30.7147">N30.7147</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="399D35E5FFDD0A059CECFC37E607F355" box="[436,564,1021,1047]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="5" value="-90.8919">W90.8919</geoCoordinate>
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), collected by Emily Moriarty Lemmon and David C. Cannatella on
|
||
<date id="281775E2FFDD0A0598D8FC37E51AF37D" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2001-03-11">11 March 2001</date>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5C165322FFDD0A059D9EFB87E0CFF3CD" blockId="3.[151,1437,941,1567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<typeStatus id="8312ED80FFDD0A059D9EFB87E570F325" box="[198,323,1101,1127]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059D9EFB87E570F325" bold="true" box="[198,323,1101,1127]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="3AB8CBE7FFDD0A059C0BFB87E590F325" box="[339,419,1101,1127]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/57yf-fp36" name="Texas Memorial Museum, Texas Natural History Collection" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">TNHC</collectionCode>
|
||
62266–62267, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="8312ED80FFDD0A059FACFB87E769F325" box="[756,858,1101,1127]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="3AB8CBE7FFDD0A059ECCFB87E7D7F325" box="[916,996,1101,1127]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/57yf-fp36" name="Texas Memorial Museum, Texas Natural History Collection" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">TNHC</collectionCode>
|
||
63471–63479, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="8312ED80FFDD0A05986DFB87E1A8F325" box="[1333,1435,1101,1127]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
except collected
|
||
<date id="281775E2FFDD0A059C03FBBFE61FF3CD" box="[347,556,1141,1167]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2003-02-21">21 February 2003</date>
|
||
between
|
||
<quantity id="9B51FEC7FFDD0A059FC4FBBFE729F3CD" box="[668,794,1141,1167]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.242048" metricValueMax="9.656064" metricValueMin="4.828032" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mi" value="0.44999999999999996" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.6 mi</quantity>
|
||
W of jct. with SR 37 on Lee Price Road.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="14B300A9FFDD0A059D9EFB57E5D2F215" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFDD0A059D9EFB57E629F245" blockId="3.[151,1437,941,1567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059D9EFB57E57EF3F5" bold="true" box="[198,333,1181,1207]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
: The specific epithet is a patronym for Martin J. “Jack” Fouquette, Jr., who studied
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFDD0A059877FB57E485F39C" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059877FB57E485F39C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudacris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the 1960s and 1970s. His extensive unpublished field data were instrumental in efforts to elucidate the species diversity of chorus frogs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFDD0A059D9EFADFE5D2F215" blockId="3.[151,1437,941,1567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059D9EFADFE579F26D" bold="true" box="[198,330,1301,1327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Synonymy</emphasis>
|
||
: A detailed history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFDD0A059F0FFADFE6E9F26C" box="[599,730,1301,1326]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059F0FFADFE6E9F26C" box="[599,730,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudacris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nomenclature is available on the Amphibian Species of the World website (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38382ED3FFDD0A059C17FAF7E5E7F215" author="Frost" box="[335,468,1341,1367]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Frost, D. R. (2007) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Available from: http: // research. amnh. org / herpetology / amphibia / index. php (accessed 30 October 2007)." type="journal article" year="2007">Frost 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="14B300A9FFDD0A009D9EFAAFE70FF6E0" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFDD0A059D9EFAAFE674F15D" blockId="3.[151,1437,941,1567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059D9EFAAFE50CF23D" bold="true" box="[198,319,1381,1407]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFDD0A059C16FAAFE67EF23C" box="[334,589,1381,1406]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059C16FAAFE67EF23C" box="[334,589,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from other chorus frogs by 1) genetic data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38382ED3FFDD0A05984BFAAFE538F2E5" author="Lemmon" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R., Lee-Yaw, J. A., Collins, J. T. & Cannatella, D. C. (2007 b) Phylogeny-based delimitation of species boundaries and contact zones in the trilling chorus frogs (Pseudacris). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44, 1068 - 1082." type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Lemmon
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A0598DFFAAFE486F2E4" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38382ED3FFDD0A059C41FA47E5F7F2E5" author="Gartside" box="[281,452,1421,1447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Gartside, D. F. (1980) Analysis of a hybrid zone between chorus frogs of the Pseudacris nigrita complex in the southern United States. Copeia, 1980, 56 - 66." type="journal article" year="1980">Gartside 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), 2) geographic distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4924FA7FFDD0A059E79FA47E754F2E5" box="[801,871,1421,1447]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,254,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[160,1431,753,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[155,1431,753,1897]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distributions of Pseudacris feriarum, P. fouquettei, P. maculata, and P. nigrita in the southern United States based on genetic data (Lemmon et al. 2007 b). Symbols indicate populations included in genetic analyses. The type locality of P. fouquettei is denoted with a star. Capital “ C ” s indicate populations analyzed for advertisement calls. Populations analyzed for morphometric data are not shown (see Appendix 1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180287/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), 3) advertisement call (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4924FA7FFDD0A0599D6FA47E131F2E5" box="[1166,1282,1421,1447]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="7.[151,254,1124,1148]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,254,748,772]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1435,188,1099]" captionTargetBox-1="[152,1435,180,735]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1436,186,1100]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[151,1436,180,736]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Advertisement calls of Pseudacris nigrita (first row), P. fouquettei (second row), P. feriarum (third row), and P. maculata (fourth row). Individuals were recorded within ~ 2 ° C of each other at 11.6, 12.6, 13.8, and 11.7 ° C, respectively. Oscillograms (10 sec and 1.5 sec) are shown in columns A and B, spectrograms in column C, and power spectra in column D. Numbered calls in A indicate different individuals calling in sequence. A single call is represented in B – D. Units are as follows: amplitude (volts), time (seconds), and frequency (kilohertz)." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Multivariate variation in morphology and advertisement calls within and among Pseudacris feriarum, P. fouquettei, P. m a c u l a t a, and P. nigrita along the first two principal component axes. Representatives of each species are enclosed by polygons. Analyses of morphological data were based on the nine variables in Fig. 7. Analyses of call data were based on the five variables in Fig. 5. Prior to analysis, morphological variables were averaged by population, such that each point on the graph represents a population. In contrast, points on the advertisement call graph represent individuals." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/180289/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/180290/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
|
||
), and 4) to a lesser degree by morphological data (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4924FA7FFDD0A059F17FA7FE693F28D" box="[591,672,1461,1487]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,254,748,772]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,180,735]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,180,736]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Multivariate variation in morphology and advertisement calls within and among Pseudacris feriarum, P. fouquettei, P. m a c u l a t a, and P. nigrita along the first two principal component axes. Representatives of each species are enclosed by polygons. Analyses of morphological data were based on the nine variables in Fig. 7. Analyses of call data were based on the five variables in Fig. 5. Prior to analysis, morphological variables were averaged by population, such that each point on the graph represents a population. In contrast, points on the advertisement call graph represent individuals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180290/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
–7). This small slender species, with a subacuminate snout, has a dorsal pattern of three medium to dark brown longitudinal stripes or rows of spots on a pale tan or gray ground color; a white labial stripe is present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="08D603AAFFDD0A059DCFF96EE15DF081" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFDD0A059DCFF96EE15DF081" blockId="3.[151,1436,1700,1987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059DCFF96EE52AF1FE" bold="true" box="[151,281,1700,1724]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Preserved specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFDD0A059F7DF96FE733F1FE" box="[549,768,1701,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feriarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059F7DF96FE733F1FE" box="[549,768,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudacris feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFDD0A059E57F96FE7A6F1FE" box="[783,917,1701,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059E57F96FE72FF1FE" box="[783,796,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059E72F96FE7A6F1FE" box="[810,917,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFDD0A059EFBF96FE012F1FE" box="[931,1057,1701,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059EFBF96FE012F1FE" box="[931,1057,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFDD0A059905F96FE0F2F1FE" box="[1117,1217,1701,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059905F96FE0F2F1FE" box="[1117,1217,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(rows). Top (part 1) and side views (part 2) are shown. Three populations of each species are represented (columns). Specimens are described with localities and field numbers from left to right by species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFDD0A059E04F93AE0F3F045" authority="Harrison Co." authorityName="Harrison Co." box="[860,1216,1776,1799]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059E04F93AE015F045" box="[860,1062,1776,1799]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudacris nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
Harrison Co.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Mississippi TNHC 63594; Barnwell Co., South Carolina TNHC 62207; Brevard Co., Florida TNHC 62364;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFDD0A059920F8DFE157F06E" box="[1144,1380,1813,1836]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059920F8DFE157F06E" box="[1144,1380,1813,1836]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana TNHC 62265 (holotype); Evangeline Parish, Louisiana TNHC 62278; Craighead Co., Arkansas TNHC 62264;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFDD0A059CFAF8AAE6CEF035" authority="Macon Co." authorityName="Macon Co." box="[418,765,1888,1911]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feriarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059CFAF8AAE64FF035" box="[418,636,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudacris feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
Macon Co.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Alabama TNHC 63128; Obion Co., Tennessee TNHC 62275; Chatham Co., North Carolina TNHC 62288; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFDD0A059FF6F84FE012F0DE" authority="Douglas Co." authorityName="Douglas Co." box="[686,1057,1925,1948]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDD0A059FF6F84FE7A3F0DE" box="[686,912,1925,1948]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudacris maculata</emphasis>
|
||
Douglas Co.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Kansas TNHC 62377; Cache Co., Utah TNHC 62406 (juvenile); Warren Co., Iowa TNHC 63370. The black bar corresponds to 1 cm on the specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="08D603AAFFDB0A039DCFF8E9E6DEF0AA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180288/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[157,1436,218,1818]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFDB0A039DCFF8E9E6DEF0AA" blockId="5.[151,1436,1827,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDB0A039DCFF8E9E52EF079" bold="true" box="[151,285,1827,1851]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFDB0A039C84F8EEE68FF079" box="[476,700,1828,1851]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feriarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDB0A039C84F8EEE68FF079" box="[476,700,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudacris feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFDB0A039F96F8EEE76AF079" box="[718,857,1828,1851]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDB0A039F96F8EEE76AF079" box="[718,857,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFDB0A039E33F8EEE7DEF079" box="[875,1005,1828,1851]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDB0A039E33F8EEE7DEF079" box="[875,1005,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFDB0A03996AF8EEE0A9F079" box="[1074,1178,1828,1851]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDB0A03996AF8EEE0A9F079" box="[1074,1178,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life. Specimens are described with localities and museum numbers from left to right:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFDB0A039E28F88DE040F01C" authority="Calhoun Co." authorityName="Calhoun Co." box="[880,1139,1863,1886]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDB0A039E28F88DE7E5F01C" box="[880,982,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
: Calhoun Co.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Florida TNHC 63211 and Barnwell Co., South Carolina TNHC 62205;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFDB0A039FDFF8A0E7AEF0C2" authority="Marion Co." authorityName="Marion Co." box="[647,925,1897,1921]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDB0A039FDFF8A0E73DF0C3" box="[647,782,1898,1921]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
: Marion Co.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Mississippi TNHC 63600 and Craighead Co., Arkansas TNHC 62259;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFDB0A039CC7F846E69FF0E1" authority="Calhoun Co." authorityName="Calhoun Co." box="[415,684,1932,1955]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feriarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDB0A039CC7F846E626F0E1" box="[415,533,1932,1955]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
: Calhoun Co.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Florida TNHC 63319 and Johnson Co., North Carolina TNHC 63564;
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFDB0A039DCFF865E520F084" box="[151,275,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. m a c u l a t a</emphasis>
|
||
: Fillmore Co., Minnnesota TNHC 63612 and Douglas Co., Kansas TNHC 62378. Photos by EML except TNHC 63612 was photographed by Suzanne L. Collins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD80A009D9EFF52E70FF6E0" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,1298]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009D9EFF52E5F6F7F3" box="[198,453,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009D9EFF52E5F6F7F3" box="[198,453,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from three broadly sympatric chorus frogs in the south-central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="24BE13B2FFD80A009DCFFF0AE507F798" box="[151,308,192,218]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
using color pattern, morphology, and the terminal discs on the digits.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A00992DFF0AE16FF79B" box="[1141,1372,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crucifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A00992DFF0AE16FF79B" box="[1141,1372,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudacris crucifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
typically has an “X” pattern on the dorsal surface, larger terminal discs, and is more arboreal.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A0099F5FF22E1AFF643" box="[1197,1436,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="streckeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A0099F5FF22E1AFF643" box="[1197,1436,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudacris streckeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger and heavier-bodied and lacks terminal discs. In addition, both of these species have unpulsed singlenote advertisement calls compared to the pulsed call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009E6CFEF2E7FBF613" box="[820,968,312,337]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009E6CFEF2E7FBF613" box="[820,968,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009E81FEF2E082F613" box="[985,1201,312,337]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkii">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009E81FEF2E082F613" box="[985,1201,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudacris clarkii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
typically has green spots or stripes on the dorsal surface, an interorbital triangle, and produces a much faster pulse-rate call (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38382ED3FFD80A009807FEAAE703F6E0" author="Conant" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Conant, R., & Collins, J. T. (1998) Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America. Third Edition Expanded. Houghton-Mifflin Company, Boston, 616 pp." type="book" year="1998">Conant and Collins 1998; E. Moriarty Lemmon, unpub. data</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="14B300A9FFD80A009D9EFE7AE7E6F250" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD80A009D9EFE7AE640F4B8" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,1298]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009D9EFE7AE5F6F68B" ID-CoL="4NH9J" box="[198,453,432,457]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009D9EFE7AE5F6F68B" box="[198,453,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can also be distinguished from three taxa with parapatric distributions:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009849FE7AE1A7F68B" ID-CoL="4NH9H" box="[1297,1428,432,457]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feriarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009849FE7AE1A7F68B" box="[1297,1428,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009DCFFE12E513F6B3" ID-CoL="4NH9N" box="[151,288,472,497]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009DCFFE12E513F6B3" box="[151,288,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009C38FE12E5FAF6B3" box="[352,457,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. n i g r i t a</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4924FA7FFD80A009C84FE12E611F6B0" box="[476,546,472,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,254,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[160,1431,753,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[155,1431,753,1897]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distributions of Pseudacris feriarum, P. fouquettei, P. maculata, and P. nigrita in the southern United States based on genetic data (Lemmon et al. 2007 b). Symbols indicate populations included in genetic analyses. The type locality of P. fouquettei is denoted with a star. Capital “ C ” s indicate populations analyzed for advertisement calls. Populations analyzed for morphometric data are not shown (see Appendix 1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180287/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38382ED3FFD80A009F69FE12E702F6B0" author="Lemmon" box="[561,817,472,498]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R., Lee-Yaw, J. A., Collins, J. T. & Cannatella, D. C. (2007 b) Phylogeny-based delimitation of species boundaries and contact zones in the trilling chorus frogs (Pseudacris). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44, 1068 - 1082." type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Lemmon
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009FF9FE12E6E8F6B3" box="[673,731,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Genetic data show that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A00990EFE12E167F6B3" ID-CoL="4NH9J" box="[1110,1364,472,497]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A00990EFE12E167F6B3" box="[1110,1364,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not closely related to the species in which it was formerly included (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009ED1FDCAE03FF55B" ID-CoL="4NH9H" box="[905,1036,512,538]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feriarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009ED1FDCAE7A4F55B" box="[905,919,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009EFEFDCAE03FF55B" box="[934,1036,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009903FDCAE0D7F55B" ID-CoL="4NH9N" box="[1115,1252,512,537]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009903FDCAE0D7F55B" box="[1115,1252,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009853FDCAE1A7F55B" ID-CoL="4NH9Z" box="[1291,1428,512,537]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triseriata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009853FDCAE1A7F55B" box="[1291,1428,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. triseriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The new species instead forms the sister clade to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009FB3FDE2E76AF503" ID-CoL="4NH9P" box="[747,857,552,578]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009FB3FDE2E6C9F503" box="[747,762,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009E52FDE2E76AF503" box="[778,857,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4924FA7FFD80A009E34FDE2E786F500" box="[876,949,552,578]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,254,1610,1634]" captionTargetBox="[263,1323,637,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[263,1323,634,1586]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Phylogeny of the trilling chorus frogs (clade within Pseudacris) based on Lemmon et al. (2007 b). Also shown are within- and between-species average pairwise genetic distances (GTR + G + I corrected p-distances) for the 12 S / 16 S mitochondrial region, expressed as percentages. Pseudacris maculata and P. clarkii are represented with a single branch because these species are not reciprocally monophyletic." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180291/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38382ED3FFD80A009E9DFDE2E0F8F500" author="Lemmon" box="[965,1227,552,578]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R., Lee-Yaw, J. A., Collins, J. T. & Cannatella, D. C. (2007 b) Phylogeny-based delimitation of species boundaries and contact zones in the trilling chorus frogs (Pseudacris). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44, 1068 - 1082." type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Lemmon
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009960FDE2E046F503" box="[1080,1141,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A0099B9FDE2E4D4F52B" ID-CoL="4NH9J" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A0099B9FDE2E4D4F52B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009CC1FD9AE6A3F52B" ID-CoL="4NH9H" box="[409,656,592,617]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="triseriata" subSpecies="feriarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009CC1FD9AE6A3F52B" box="[409,656,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. triseriata feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38382ED3FFD80A009FE4FD9AE746F528" author="Gartside" box="[700,885,592,618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Gartside, D. F. (1980) Analysis of a hybrid zone between chorus frogs of the Pseudacris nigrita complex in the southern United States. Copeia, 1980, 56 - 66." type="journal article" year="1980">Gartside [1980]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is known to hybridize with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A00999EFD9AE107F52B" ID-CoL="4NH9P" box="[1222,1332,592,618]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A00999EFD9AE0E6F52B" box="[1222,1237,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A0099BCFD9AE107F52B" box="[1252,1332,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a narrow <
|
||
<quantity id="9B51FEC7FFD80A009D84FDB2E514F5D0" box="[220,295,632,658]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
zone in the Pearl River floodplain along the border between Louisiana and Mississippi (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38382ED3FFD80A00986EFDB2E4E5F5F8" author="Gartside" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Gartside, D. F. (1980) Analysis of a hybrid zone between chorus frogs of the Pseudacris nigrita complex in the southern United States. Copeia, 1980, 56 - 66." type="journal article" year="1980">Gartside 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The two species are fixed for alternative alleles at two or more allozyme loci outside the hybrid zone, however, indicating species-specific differences between these taxa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38382ED3FFD80A009E95FD02E048F5A0" author="Gartside" box="[973,1147,712,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Gartside, D. F. (1980) Analysis of a hybrid zone between chorus frogs of the Pseudacris nigrita complex in the southern United States. Copeia, 1980, 56 - 66." type="journal article" year="1980">Gartside 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, these taxa differ at 38 diagnostic SNPs in the 12S/16S mitochondrial gene region (
|
||
<specimenCount id="4AAF98ABFFD80A009E85FD3AE02BF44B" box="[989,1048,752,778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="generic">
|
||
27
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A00995AFD3AE02BF44B" ID-CoL="4NH9J" box="[1026,1048,752,777]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A00995AFD3AE02BF44B" box="[1026,1048,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
fouquettei and
|
||
<specimenCount id="4AAF98ABFFD80A009994FD3AE130F44B" box="[1228,1283,752,778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="generic">
|
||
17
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A0099A8FD3AE130F44B" box="[1264,1283,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
n i g r i t a were examined;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38382ED3FFD80A009C41FCD2E62EF470" author="Lemmon" box="[281,541,792,818]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R., Lee-Yaw, J. A., Collins, J. T. & Cannatella, D. C. (2007 b) Phylogeny-based delimitation of species boundaries and contact zones in the trilling chorus frogs (Pseudacris). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44, 1068 - 1082." type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Lemmon
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009CD3FCD2E5F4F473" box="[395,455,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Average pairwise sequence divergence between the two species is comparable to genetic distances of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009F6FFC8AE68AF41B" ID-CoL="6YKN" box="[567,697,832,857]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009F6FFC8AE68AF41B" box="[567,697,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudacris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species pairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4924FA7FFD80A009E35FC8AE784F418" box="[877,951,832,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,254,1610,1634]" captionTargetBox="[263,1323,637,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[263,1323,634,1586]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Phylogeny of the trilling chorus frogs (clade within Pseudacris) based on Lemmon et al. (2007 b). Also shown are within- and between-species average pairwise genetic distances (GTR + G + I corrected p-distances) for the 12 S / 16 S mitochondrial region, expressed as percentages. Pseudacris maculata and P. clarkii are represented with a single branch because these species are not reciprocally monophyletic." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180291/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
; GTR+G+I corrected p-distances for the 12S/16S mitochondrial region, with parameter settings derived from the mean of the posterior distribution from the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38382ED3FFD80A009C5EFC5AE628F4E8" box="[262,539,912,938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R., Lee-Yaw, J. A., Collins, J. T. & Cannatella, D. C. (2007 b) Phylogeny-based delimitation of species boundaries and contact zones in the trilling chorus frogs (Pseudacris). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44, 1068 - 1082." type="journal article">
|
||
Lemmon
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009C21FC5AE59DF4EB" box="[377,430,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. [2007b]
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
Bayesian analysis).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009E4AFC5AE021F4EB" ID-CoL="4NH9J" box="[786,1042,912,937]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009E4AFC5AE021F4EB" box="[786,1042,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009917FC5AE08DF4EB" ID-CoL="4NH9P" box="[1103,1214,912,938]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009917FC5AE06DF4EB" box="[1103,1118,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009936FC5AE08DF4EB" box="[1134,1214,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also show a sharp cline in color pattern across this contact zone and are easily distinguished using this character outside of the zone (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38382ED3FFD80A009D85FC2AE654F4B8" author="Gartside" box="[221,615,992,1018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Gartside, D. F. (1980) Analysis of a hybrid zone between chorus frogs of the Pseudacris nigrita complex in the southern United States. Copeia, 1980, 56 - 66." type="journal article" year="1980">Gartside 1980; EML unpub. data</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD80A009D9EFBC2E7E6F250" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,1298]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Advertisement call data indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009F24FBC2E73DF363" ID-CoL="4NH9J" box="[636,782,1032,1058]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009F24FBC2E6B8F363" box="[636,651,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009FC1FBC2E73DF363" box="[665,782,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the three parapatric species with respect to several variables. The new species has a slower call rate than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009E28FBFAE7C7F30B" ID-CoL="4NH9H" box="[880,1012,1072,1098]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feriarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009E28FBFAE74CF30B" box="[880,895,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009ED6FBFAE7C7F30B" box="[910,1012,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009977FBFAE085F30B" box="[1071,1206,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. m a c u l a t a</emphasis>
|
||
(0.34±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="399D35E5FFD80A009856FBFAE165F308" box="[1294,1366,1072,1098]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="555" value="-0.06">0.06 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.d. vs. 0.49±0.05 and 0.42±0.07 calls/sec, respectively), a higher call duty cycle than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A0099CCFB92E138F333" ID-CoL="4NH9P" box="[1172,1291,1112,1138]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A0099CCFB92E090F333" box="[1172,1187,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A0099E3FB92E138F333" box="[1211,1291,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.36±0.05 vs.0.31±0.04), a longer call length than all three species (1115.42±150.34 vs. 745.95±79.25, 906.56±127.48, and 892.73±106.43 ms, respectively), and an intermediate pulse number between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009928FB62E0C4F383" ID-CoL="4NH9H" box="[1136,1271,1192,1218]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feriarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009928FB62E04CF383" box="[1136,1151,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A0099C8FB62E0C4F383" box="[1168,1271,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009850FB62E1A7F383" ID-CoL="4NH9N" box="[1288,1428,1192,1217]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009850FB62E1A7F383" box="[1288,1428,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009D92FB1AE509F3AB" ID-CoL="4NH9P" box="[202,314,1232,1258]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009D92FB1AE4EAF3AB" box="[202,217,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009DB2FB1AE509F3AB" box="[234,314,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(13.07±1.63 vs. 17.04±2.25, 17.09±1.64 and 9.56±1.67, respectively). There is broad overlap among species with regard to dominant frequency (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4924FA7FFD80A009FA8FB32E770F250" box="[752,835,1272,1298]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,254,1124,1148]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,188,1099]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,186,1100]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Advertisement calls of Pseudacris nigrita (first row), P. fouquettei (second row), P. feriarum (third row), and P. maculata (fourth row). Individuals were recorded within ~ 2 ° C of each other at 11.6, 12.6, 13.8, and 11.7 ° C, respectively. Oscillograms (10 sec and 1.5 sec) are shown in columns A and B, spectrograms in column C, and power spectra in column D. Numbered calls in A indicate different individuals calling in sequence. A single call is represented in B – D. Units are as follows: amplitude (volts), time (seconds), and frequency (kilohertz)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180289/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
–5;
|
||
<tableCitation id="112B6699FFD80A009E36FB32E7F7F250" box="[878,964,1272,1298]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,1351,1375]" captionText="TABLE 1. Variation in advertisement calls of four species of Pseudacris. Five call characters (with units where appropriate) are listed as follows: dominant frequency (DF, Hz), call duty cycle (CDC), call length (CL, ms), call rate (CR, calls per sec), and pulse number (PN). Data include the sample size (n), mean for each variable ± 1 standard deviation, with range shown below. Two variables (CL and CR) have been corrected to a common temperature of 14 ° C." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="08D603AAFFD80A009DCFFA8DE0DCF285" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD80A009DCFFA8DE0DCF285" blockId="6.[151,1436,1351,1479]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009DCFFA8DE53AF21D" bold="true" box="[151,265,1351,1375]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Variation in advertisement calls of four species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009E7AFA82E7ABF21D" box="[802,920,1352,1375]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009E7AFA82E7ABF21D" box="[802,920,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudacris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Five call characters (with units where appropriate) are listed as follows: dominant frequency (DF, Hz), call duty cycle (CDC), call length (CL, ms), call rate (CR, calls per sec), and pulse number (PN). Data include the sample size (
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009E12FA47E764F2E6" box="[842,855,1421,1444]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis>
|
||
), mean for each variable ± 1 standard deviation, with range shown below. Two variables (CL and CR) have been corrected to a common temperature of 14°C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="14B300A9FFD80A0C9C53FA22E034F3FE" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD80A009C53FA22E0ECF16B" blockId="6.[159,1361,1512,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8312ED80FFD80A009C53FA22E55DF2BD" box="[267,366,1512,1535]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009CC6FA22E617F2BD" box="[414,548,1512,1535]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009CC6FA22E598F2BD" box="[414,427,1512,1535]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009CE1FA22E617F2BD" box="[441,548,1512,1535]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009F2CFA22E6DFF2BD" box="[628,748,1512,1535]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feriarum">
|
||
P.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009FD7FA22E6DFF2BD" box="[655,748,1512,1535]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A009EDDFA22E7DAF2BD" box="[901,1001,1512,1535]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
P.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009EF8FA22E7DAF2BD" box="[928,1001,1512,1535]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD80A0099CEFA22E120F2BD" box="[1174,1299,1512,1535]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">P. maculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009CFFF9D8E587F16B" box="[423,436,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis>
|
||
=26) (
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009F25F9D8E6B9F16B" box="[637,650,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis>
|
||
=19) (
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD80A009ED6F9D8E7A8F16B" box="[910,923,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis>
|
||
=19) (n=15)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD80A009DC7F9F7E162F13D" blockId="6.[159,1361,1512,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">DF 3273.05 3138.80±205.79 2952.28±312.93 3044.63±156.84 3078.81±135.96 2845.97–3712.94 2583.98–3583.74 2767.02–3294.58 2855.63–3283.81</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD80A009DC7F958E131F1EB" blockId="6.[159,1361,1512,2004]" box="[159,1282,1682,1705]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<collectionCode id="3AB8CBE7FFD80A009DC7F958E4E5F1EB" box="[159,214,1682,1705]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mr2d-4ftp" name="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">CDC</collectionCode>
|
||
0.37 0.36±0.05 0.38±0.05 0.31±0.04 0.37±0.04
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD80A009CC6F977E133F196" blockId="6.[159,1361,1512,2004]" box="[414,1280,1725,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.26–0.44 0.31–0.49 0.25–0.40 0.31–0.44</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD80A009DC7F922E170F06B" blockId="6.[159,1361,1512,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">CL 910.31 1115.42±150.34 745.95±79.25 906.56±127.48 892.73±106.43 867.15–1554.53 599.08–908.53 701.39–1161.68 728.39–1183.05</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD80A009DC7F8F7E131F016" blockId="6.[159,1361,1512,2004]" box="[159,1282,1853,1876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">CR 0.41 0.34±0.06 0.49±0.05 0.34±0.05 0.42±0.07</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD80A009CC6F8A2E132F03D" blockId="6.[159,1361,1512,2004]" box="[414,1281,1896,1919]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.14–0.43 0.42–0.59 0.26–0.46 0.24–0.55</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD80A009DC7F858E13CF0EB" blockId="6.[159,1361,1512,2004]" box="[159,1295,1938,1961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PN 13.50 13.07±1.63 17.04±2.25 9.56±1.67 17.09±1.64</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD80A019CC6F877E77FF143" blockId="6.[159,1361,1512,2004]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,1351,2017]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
9.93–15.69 12.45–22.43 6.40–12.92 13.45–20.00 Principal component analyses of call variables indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A019EC3FA82E003F223" box="[923,1072,1351,1377]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019EC3FA82E799F223" box="[923,938,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019EE3FA82E003F223" box="[955,1072,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not overlap with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A019811FA82E4E6F2CB" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feriarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019811FA82E16BF223" box="[1353,1368,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019831FA82E4E6F2CB" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
along PCI (explains 47% of variance), which has high loadings of call rate and pulse number. The new species overlaps to a small degree with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A019F22FA52E735F2F3" box="[634,774,1432,1457]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019F22FA52E735F2F3" box="[634,774,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and to a greater degree with
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019935FA52E0EBF2F3" box="[1133,1240,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. n i g r i t a</emphasis>
|
||
along this axis.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A019DCFFA0AE5A4F29B" box="[151,407,1472,1497]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019DCFFA0AE5A4F29B" box="[151,407,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
overlaps with all three species along
|
||
<collectionCode id="3AB8CBE7FFD90A019E0FFA75E7BDF29B" box="[855,910,1471,1497]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PCII</collectionCode>
|
||
(explains 27% of variance), which has high loadings of call duty cycle and call length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4924FA7FFD90A019FD7FA2DE6E4F143" box="[655,727,1511,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,254,748,772]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,180,735]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,180,736]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Multivariate variation in morphology and advertisement calls within and among Pseudacris feriarum, P. fouquettei, P. m a c u l a t a, and P. nigrita along the first two principal component axes. Representatives of each species are enclosed by polygons. Analyses of morphological data were based on the nine variables in Fig. 7. Analyses of call data were based on the five variables in Fig. 5. Prior to analysis, morphological variables were averaged by population, such that each point on the graph represents a population. In contrast, points on the advertisement call graph represent individuals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180290/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="112B6699FFD90A019FBCFA2DE70EF143" box="[740,829,1511,1537]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[159,1299,1624,1988]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Loadings for the first four principal components from the multivariate analysis of advertisement call variables." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/08D603AAFFD60A0E9DCFFA37E4E6F175" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="08D603AAFFD60A0E9DCFFA37E4E6F175">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="08D603AAFFD90A019DCFFBAEE06AF253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180289/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[152,1435,188,1099]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD90A019DCFFBAEE06AF253" blockId="7.[151,1436,1124,1297]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019DCFFBAEE529F33E" bold="true" box="[151,282,1124,1148]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Advertisement calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A019F79FBAFE6DAF33E" box="[545,745,1125,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019F79FBAFE6DAF33E" box="[545,745,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudacris nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(first row),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A019E28FBAFE7C4F33E" box="[880,1015,1125,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019E28FBAFE7C4F33E" box="[880,1015,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(second row),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A0199C5FBAFE125F33E" box="[1181,1302,1125,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feriarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A0199C5FBAFE125F33E" box="[1181,1302,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(third row), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A019D9FFB40E57BF3E3" box="[199,328,1162,1185]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019D9FFB40E57BF3E3" box="[199,328,1162,1185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fourth row). Individuals were recorded within ~2°C of each other at 11.6, 12.6, 13.8, and 11.7°C, respectively. Oscillograms (10 sec and 1.5 sec) are shown in columns A and B, spectrograms in column C, and power spectra in column D. Numbered calls in A indicate different individuals calling in sequence. A single call is represented in B–D. Units are as follows: amplitude (volts), time (seconds), and frequency (kilohertz).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD90A019D9EF9C5E724F05B" blockId="7.[151,1436,1351,2017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
In congruence with previous studies,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A019FD9F9DAE7B3F16B" box="[641,896,1552,1577]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019FD9F9DAE7B3F16B" box="[641,896,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
overlaps morphologically with the parapatric taxa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A019D88F9F2E567F113" box="[208,340,1591,1617]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feriarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019D88F9F2E4ECF113" box="[208,223,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019DB6F9F2E567F113" box="[238,340,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A019CD7F9F2E5C8F113" box="[399,507,1591,1617]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019CD7F9F2E5AEF113" box="[399,413,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019CF4F9F2E5C8F113" box="[428,507,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These three species are morphologically distinct from their more distant relative,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A019D8BF9AAE56EF13B" box="[211,349,1632,1657]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019D8BF9AAE56EF13B" box="[211,349,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with respect to head width, head length, eye width, tibia length, and femur length (Fig. 7).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A019DCFF942E5A5F1E3" box="[151,406,1672,1697]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019DCFF942E5A5F1E3" box="[151,406,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more similar to its sister species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A019E18F942E79EF1E3" box="[832,941,1671,1697]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019E18F942E77DF1E3" box="[832,846,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019E05F942E79EF1E3" box="[861,941,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in terms of head width and femur length, more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A019C0CF97AE5EAF18B" box="[340,473,1711,1737]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feriarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019C0CF97AE550F18B" box="[340,355,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019C2BF97AE5EAF18B" box="[371,473,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with regard to head length, intermediate between the two species with respect to snout angle and foot length, and nearly identical to both species in terms of snout length, eye width, tympanum diameter, and tibia-fibula length (Fig. 7;
|
||
<tableCitation id="112B6699FFD90A019FE8F935E734F05B" box="[688,775,1791,1817]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphometric variation of four species of Pseudacris. Ten raw morphometric variables are listed as follows (in mm, except as noted): snout-urostyle length (SVL), snout angle (SA, radians), head width (HW), head length (HL), tympanum diameter (TD), eye width (EW), snout length (Snout), femur length (FeL), tibia length (TL), and foot length (FoL). Data include the sample size (n), mean for each variable ± standard deviation and range. Note that the data below are the raw variables, whereas the residuals are shown in Fig. 7. Populations and individuals examined from each species are listed in Appendix 1." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD90A019D9EF8EDE6F5F0A3" blockId="7.[151,1436,1351,2017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Multivariate analyses of morphometric data indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A019E20F8E2E03EF003" box="[888,1037,1832,1857]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019E20F8E2E03EF003" box="[888,1037,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is essentially identical to
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019812F8E2E4E6F02B" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. f e r i - arum</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A019C49F89AE5B3F02B" box="[273,384,1872,1897]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019C49F89AE5B3F02B" box="[273,384,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
along PC1 (explains 53% of variance), which is dominated by head size and leg length variables. The three species are distinct from
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019FE9F8B2E70BF0D3" box="[689,824,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. m a c u l a t a</emphasis>
|
||
along this axis.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A019EA6F8B2E0CDF0D3" box="[1022,1278,1912,1937]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019EA6F8B2E0CDF0D3" box="[1022,1278,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is intermediate between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A019C74F86AE583F0FB" box="[300,432,1952,1977]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feriarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019C74F86AE583F0FB" box="[300,432,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD90A019CB4F86AE669F0FB" box="[492,602,1952,1977]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD90A019CB4F86AE669F0FB" box="[492,602,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, along PC2 (explains 18% of variance), which is dominated by snout angle and foot length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4924FA7FFD90A019F52F80DE661F0A3" box="[522,594,1991,2017]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,254,748,772]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,180,735]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,180,736]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Multivariate variation in morphology and advertisement calls within and among Pseudacris feriarum, P. fouquettei, P. m a c u l a t a, and P. nigrita along the first two principal component axes. Representatives of each species are enclosed by polygons. Analyses of morphological data were based on the nine variables in Fig. 7. Analyses of call data were based on the five variables in Fig. 5. Prior to analysis, morphological variables were averaged by population, such that each point on the graph represents a population. In contrast, points on the advertisement call graph represent individuals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180290/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="112B6699FFD90A019F07F80DE68AF0A3" box="[607,697,1991,2017]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,239,1410,1434]" captionTargetBox="[159,1293,1466,2001]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 4. Loadings for the first four principal components from the multivariate analysis of morphometric variables." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/08D603AAFFD70A0F9DCFFA48E1B2F2DB" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="08D603AAFFD70A0F9DCFFA48E1B2F2DB">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD60A0E9DCFFAC2E07EF2C5" blockId="8.[151,1436,1286,1415]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD60A0E9DCFFAC2E529F262" bold="true" box="[151,282,1288,1312]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Box and whisker plots (median = central black bar, boxes = 25th–75th quartiles, whiskers = maximum and minimum values after excluding outliers) showing advertisement call variation among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD60A0E9908FAE1E109F200" box="[1104,1338,1323,1346]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD60A0E9908FAE1E109F200" box="[1104,1338,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fou),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD60A0E98D0FAE1E4C6F227" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feriarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD60A0E98D0FAE1E4C6F227" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fer),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD60A0E9C62FA84E5ADF227" box="[314,414,1358,1381]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD60A0E9C62FA84E5ADF227" box="[314,414,1358,1381]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(nig), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD60A0E9F4DFA84E6A7F227" box="[533,660,1358,1381]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD60A0E9F4DFA84E6A7F227" box="[533,660,1358,1381]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mac). Five variables are presented: call rate, call length, dominant frequency, pulse number, and call duty cycle. Individuals analyzed are listed in Appendix 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="08D603AAFFD60A0E9DCFFA37E4E6F175" ID-Table-UUID="08D603AAFFD60A0E9DCFFA37E4E6F175" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/08D603AAFFD60A0E9DCFFA37E4E6F175" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[159,1299,1624,1988]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD60A0E9DCFFA37E4E6F175" blockId="8.[151,1436,1533,1591]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD60A0E9DCFFA37E53FF157" bold="true" box="[151,268,1533,1557]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Loadings for the first four principal components from the multivariate analysis of advertisement call variables.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD60A0E9F63F992E120F086" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<table id="2EA9A182FFD6F5F99DC7F992E120F086" box="[159,1299,1624,1988]" gridcols="5" gridrows="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD6F5F99DC7F992E120F12D" box="[159,1299,1624,1647]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD6F5F99F63F992E6B7F12D" box="[571,644,1624,1647]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">I</th>
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD6F5F99E6DF992E74CF12D" box="[821,895,1624,1647]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">II</th>
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD6F5F99958F992E07AF12D" box="[1024,1097,1624,1647]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">III</th>
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD6F5F99992F992E120F12D" box="[1226,1299,1624,1647]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">IV</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD6F5F99DC7F949E120F1D8" box="[159,1299,1667,1690]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD6F5F99DC7F949E541F1D8" box="[159,370,1667,1690]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">DF</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99F63F949E6B7F1D8" box="[571,644,1667,1690]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">-0.267</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99E6DF949E74CF1D8" box="[821,895,1667,1690]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.377</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99958F949E07AF1D8" box="[1024,1097,1667,1690]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.867</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99992F949E120F1D8" box="[1226,1299,1667,1690]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.187</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD6F5F99DC7F967E120F186" box="[159,1299,1709,1732]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD6F5F99DC7F967E541F186" box="[159,370,1709,1732]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">CDC</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99F63F967E6B7F186" box="[571,644,1709,1732]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.426</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99E6DF967E74CF186" box="[821,895,1709,1732]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.583</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99958F967E07AF186" box="[1024,1097,1709,1732]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">-0.024</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99992F967E120F186" box="[1226,1299,1709,1732]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">-0.502</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD6F5F99DC7F912E120F1AD" box="[159,1299,1752,1775]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD6F5F99DC7F912E541F1AD" box="[159,370,1752,1775]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">CL</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99F63F912E6B7F1AD" box="[571,644,1752,1775]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">-0.352</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99E6DF912E74CF1AD" box="[821,895,1752,1775]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.652</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99958F912E07AF1AD" box="[1024,1097,1752,1775]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">-0.370</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99992F912E120F1AD" box="[1226,1299,1752,1775]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">-0.053</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD6F5F99DC7F8C9E120F058" box="[159,1299,1795,1818]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD6F5F99DC7F8C9E541F058" box="[159,370,1795,1818]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">CR</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99F63F8C9E6B7F058" box="[571,644,1795,1818]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.600</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99E6DF8C9E74CF058" box="[821,895,1795,1818]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">-0.107</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99958F8C9E07AF058" box="[1024,1097,1795,1818]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.304</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99992F8C9E120F058" box="[1226,1299,1795,1818]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">-0.274</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD6F5F99DC7F8E7E120F006" box="[159,1299,1837,1860]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD6F5F99DC7F8E7E541F006" box="[159,370,1837,1860]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">PN</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99F63F8E7E6B7F006" box="[571,644,1837,1860]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.513</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99E6DF8E7E74CF006" box="[821,895,1837,1860]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.286</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99958F8E7E07AF006" box="[1024,1097,1837,1860]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">-0.138</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99992F8E7E120F006" box="[1226,1299,1837,1860]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.797</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD6F5F99DC7F892E120F02D" box="[159,1299,1880,1903]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD6F5F99DC7F892E541F02D" box="[159,370,1880,1903]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Eigenvalues</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99F63F892E6B7F02D" box="[571,644,1880,1903]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.327</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99E6DF892E74CF02D" box="[821,895,1880,1903]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1.338</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99958F892E07AF02D" box="[1024,1097,1880,1903]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.838</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99992F892E120F02D" box="[1226,1299,1880,1903]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.412</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD6F5F99DC7F849E120F0D8" box="[159,1299,1923,1946]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD6F5F99DC7F849E541F0D8" box="[159,370,1923,1946]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Percent of Variance</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99F63F849E6B7F0D8" box="[571,644,1923,1946]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">46.538</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99E6DF849E74CF0D8" box="[821,895,1923,1946]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">26.757</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99958F849E07AF0D8" box="[1024,1097,1923,1946]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">16.753</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99992F849E120F0D8" box="[1226,1299,1923,1946]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">8.245</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD6F5F99DC7F867E120F086" box="[159,1299,1965,1988]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD6F5F99DC7F867E541F086" box="[159,370,1965,1988]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cumulative Percent</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99F63F867E6B7F086" box="[571,644,1965,1988]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">46.538</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99E6DF867E74CF086" box="[821,895,1965,1988]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">73.294</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99958F867E07AF086" box="[1024,1097,1965,1988]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">90.047</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD6F5F99992F867E120F086" box="[1226,1299,1965,1988]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">98.292</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="08D603AAFFD70A0F9DCFFF5DE5ADF61E" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD70A0F9DCFFF5DE5ADF61E" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,348]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD70A0F9DCFFF5DE538F7ED" bold="true" box="[151,267,151,175]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric variation of four species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD70A0F9F84FF52E761F7ED" box="[732,850,152,175]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD70A0F9F84FF52E761F7ED" box="[732,850,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pseudacris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Ten raw morphometric variables are listed as follows (in mm, except as noted): snout-urostyle length (SVL), snout angle (SA, radians), head width (HW), head length (HL), tympanum diameter (TD), eye width (EW), snout length (Snout), femur length (FeL), tibia length (TL), and foot length (FoL). Data include the sample size (
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD70A0F9F7BFECAE603F655" box="[547,560,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
), mean for each variable ± standard deviation and range. Note that the data below are the raw variables, whereas the residuals are shown in Fig. 7. Populations and individuals examined from each species are listed in Appendix 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD70A0F9C3CFEB7E126F6FD" blockId="9.[159,1361,381,1300]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8312ED80FFD70A0F9C3CFEB7E5F4F6D6" box="[356,455,381,404]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD70A0F9F66FEB7E6F7F6D6" box="[574,708,381,404]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD70A0F9F66FEB7E678F6D6" box="[574,587,381,404]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD70A0F9F01FEB7E6F7F6D6" box="[601,708,381,404]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD70A0F9E40FEB7E7A3F6D6" box="[792,912,381,404]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feriarum">
|
||
P.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD70A0F9E6BFEB7E7A3F6D6" box="[819,912,381,404]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD70A0F9EAAFEB7E066F6D6" box="[1010,1109,381,404]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
P.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD70A0F9954FEB7E066F6D6" box="[1036,1109,381,404]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD70A0F9994FEB7E17AF6D6" box="[1228,1353,381,404]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">P. maculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD70A0F9F1FFE62E667F6FD" box="[583,596,424,447]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
=117) (
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD70A0F9E79FE62E71DF6FD" box="[801,814,424,447]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
=202) (
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD70A0F9EA3FE62E03BF6FD" box="[1019,1032,424,447]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
=78) (
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD70A0F998CFE62E0D2F6FD" box="[1236,1249,424,447]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
=74)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD70A0C9DC7FE18E034F3FE" blockId="9.[159,1361,381,1300]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,1026,2028]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
SVL 27.38 26.39±1.71 25.54±1.90 25.73±1.75 24.35±2.80 22.20–29.79 19.98–30.28 21.26–29.50 19.95–30.56 SA 1.04 0.99±0.05 1.02±0.06 0.96±0.05 0.96±0.06 0.84–1.13 0.81–1.20 0.86–1.08 0.79–1.11 HW 9.30 8.72±0.63 8.81±0.63 8.56±0.61 7.36±1.07 7.01–10.14 6.67–10.18 6.80–10.15 5.34–10.03 HL 9.36 9.17±0.54 9.07±0.62 9.27±0.57 7.99±0.99 7.74–10.44 7.36–10.73 7.97–10.70 6.28–10.21 TD 1.72 1.34±0.20 1.36±0.20 1.30±0.13 1.22±0.23 0.77–1.80 0.81–1.83 1.01–1.62 0.87–1.81 EW 3.07 2.88±0.25 2.91±0.27 2.93±0.23 2.48±0.29 2.18–3.55 2.23–3.65 2.35–3.55 1.92–3.18 Snout 2.29 2.48±0.25 2.41±0.26 2.49±0.24 2.17±0.33 1.86–2.97 1.64–3.05 1.94–3.16 1.32–2.95 FeL 13.14 11.69±0.94 11.96±1.02 11.68±0.86 9.75±1.46 9.38–14.18 9.33–14.74 9.38–13.68 7.73–13.44 TL 14.07 13.08±0.91 13.05±1.04 12.87±0.98 10.14±1.50 10.97–15.11 10.42–15.37 10.82–15.06 8.08–13.50 FoL 13.60 12.87±0.92 12.21±1.04 12.94±1.08 11.60±1.59 10.14–14.85 9.84–15.17 10.54–15.54 8.97–15.36 The color pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD40A0C9CE4FBC8E67CF359" box="[444,591,1026,1051]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD40A0C9CE4FBC8E67CF359" box="[444,591,1026,1051]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
closely resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD40A0C9EDFFBC8E038F359" box="[903,1035,1026,1052]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feriarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD40A0C9EDFFBC8E7A5F359" box="[903,918,1026,1051]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD40A0C9EFDFBC8E038F359" box="[933,1035,1026,1051]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in terms of the three longitudinal stripes along the dorsal surface, although there is high inter-population variation in this character (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4924FA7FFD40A0C981AFBE0E1BFF306" box="[1346,1420,1066,1092]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,254,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[157,1436,218,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,212,1820]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of Pseudacris feriarum, P. fouquettei, P. maculata, and P. nigrita in life. Specimens are described with localities and museum numbers from left to right: P. nigrita: Calhoun Co., Florida TNHC 63211 and Barnwell Co., South Carolina TNHC 62205; P. fouquettei: Marion Co., Mississippi TNHC 63600 and Craighead Co., Arkansas TNHC 62259; P. feriarum: Calhoun Co., Florida TNHC 63319 and Johnson Co., North Carolina TNHC 63564; P. m a c u l a t a: Fillmore Co., Minnnesota TNHC 63612 and Douglas Co., Kansas TNHC 62378. Photos by EML except TNHC 63612 was photographed by Suzanne L. Collins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180288/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD40A0C9DCFFB98E5A5F329" box="[151,406,1106,1131]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD40A0C9DCFFB98E5A5F329" box="[151,406,1106,1131]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily distinguished from
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD40A0C9E7DFB98E7BCF329" box="[805,911,1106,1131]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. n i g r i t a</emphasis>
|
||
, however, based on color pattern. The latter species has generally darker markings including a broken stripe or spotted pattern on the dorsal surface and wider, darker (tending to black), transverse bars on the legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4924FA7FFD40A0C9E05FB68E79DF3FE" box="[861,942,1186,1212]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,254,1700,1724]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Preserved specimens of Pseudacris feriarum, P. fouquettei, P. maculata, and P. nigrita (rows). Top (part 1) and side views (part 2) are shown. Three populations of each species are represented (columns). Specimens are described with localities and field numbers from left to right by species: Pseudacris nigrita Harrison Co., Mississippi TNHC 63594; Barnwell Co., South Carolina TNHC 62207; Brevard Co., Florida TNHC 62364; Pseudacris fouquettei East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana TNHC 62265 (holotype); Evangeline Parish, Louisiana TNHC 62278; Craighead Co., Arkansas TNHC 62264; Pseudacris feriarum Macon Co., Alabama TNHC 63128; Obion Co., Tennessee TNHC 62275; Chatham Co., North Carolina TNHC 62288; and Pseudacris maculata Douglas Co., Kansas TNHC 62377; Cache Co., Utah TNHC 62406 (juvenile); Warren Co., Iowa TNHC 63370. The black bar corresponds to 1 cm on the specimen." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4924FA7FFD40A0C9EBFFB68E7C4F3FE" box="[999,1015,1186,1212]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,254,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[157,1436,218,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,212,1820]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of Pseudacris feriarum, P. fouquettei, P. maculata, and P. nigrita in life. Specimens are described with localities and museum numbers from left to right: P. nigrita: Calhoun Co., Florida TNHC 63211 and Barnwell Co., South Carolina TNHC 62205; P. fouquettei: Marion Co., Mississippi TNHC 63600 and Craighead Co., Arkansas TNHC 62259; P. feriarum: Calhoun Co., Florida TNHC 63319 and Johnson Co., North Carolina TNHC 63564; P. m a c u l a t a: Fillmore Co., Minnnesota TNHC 63612 and Douglas Co., Kansas TNHC 62378. Photos by EML except TNHC 63612 was photographed by Suzanne L. Collins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180288/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="08D603AAFFD70A0F9DCFFA48E1B2F2DB" ID-Table-UUID="08D603AAFFD70A0F9DCFFA48E1B2F2DB" box="[151,1409,1410,1434]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/08D603AAFFD70A0F9DCFFA48E1B2F2DB" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[159,1293,1466,2001]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD70A0F9DCFFA48E1B2F2DB" blockId="9.[151,1409,1410,1434]" box="[151,1409,1410,1434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD70A0F9DCFFA48E53AF2D8" bold="true" box="[151,265,1410,1434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Loadings for the first four principal components from the multivariate analysis of morphometric variables.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD70A0F9F6DFA70E13EF093" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<table id="2EA9A182FFD7F5F99DC7FA70E13EF093" box="[159,1293,1466,2001]" gridcols="5" gridrows="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD7F5F99DC7FA70E13EF293" box="[159,1293,1466,1489]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD7F5F99F6DFA70E64CF293" box="[565,639,1466,1489]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">I</th>
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD7F5F99E5EFA70E77CF293" box="[774,847,1466,1489]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">II</th>
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD7F5F99EBDFA70E01DF293" box="[997,1070,1466,1489]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">III</th>
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD7F5F9999CFA70E13EF293" box="[1220,1293,1466,1489]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">IV</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD7F5F99DC7FA2FE13EF2BE" box="[159,1293,1509,1532]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD7F5F99DC7FA2FE541F2BE" box="[159,370,1509,1532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Residual HW</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99F6DFA2FE64CF2BE" box="[565,639,1509,1532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.419</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99E5EFA2FE77CF2BE" box="[774,847,1509,1532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">-0.225</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99EBDFA2FE01DF2BE" box="[997,1070,1509,1532]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">-0.106</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F9999CFA2FE13EF2BE" box="[1220,1293,1509,1532]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">-0.201</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD7F5F99DC7F9DAE13EF165" box="[159,1293,1552,1575]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD7F5F99DC7F9DAE541F165" box="[159,370,1552,1575]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Residual HL</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99F6DF9DAE64CF165" box="[565,639,1552,1575]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.393</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99E5EF9DAE77CF165" box="[774,847,1552,1575]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.206</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99EBDF9DAE01DF165" box="[997,1070,1552,1575]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">-0.205</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F9999CF9DAE13EF165" box="[1220,1293,1552,1575]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.061</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD7F5F99DC7F9F0E13EF113" box="[159,1293,1594,1617]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD7F5F99DC7F9F0E541F113" box="[159,370,1594,1617]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Residual TD</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99F6DF9F0E64CF113" box="[565,639,1594,1617]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.191</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99E5EF9F0E77CF113" box="[774,847,1594,1617]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">-0.298</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99EBDF9F0E01DF113" box="[997,1070,1594,1617]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.699</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F9999CF9F0E13EF113" box="[1220,1293,1594,1617]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.536</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD7F5F99DC7F9AFE13EF13E" box="[159,1293,1637,1660]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD7F5F99DC7F9AFE541F13E" box="[159,370,1637,1660]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Residual EW</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99F6DF9AFE64CF13E" box="[565,639,1637,1660]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.311</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99E5EF9AFE77CF13E" box="[774,847,1637,1660]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.111</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99EBDF9AFE01DF13E" box="[997,1070,1637,1660]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">-0.361</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F9999CF9AFE13EF13E" box="[1220,1293,1637,1660]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.620</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD7F5F99DC7F95AE13EF1E5" box="[159,1293,1680,1703]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD7F5F99DC7F95AE541F1E5" box="[159,370,1680,1703]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Residual SL</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99F6DF95AE64CF1E5" box="[565,639,1680,1703]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.318</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99E5EF95AE77CF1E5" box="[774,847,1680,1703]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.281</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99EBDF95AE01DF1E5" box="[997,1070,1680,1703]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.448</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F9999CF95AE13EF1E5" box="[1220,1293,1680,1703]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">-0.144</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD7F5F99DC7F970E13EF193" box="[159,1293,1722,1745]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD7F5F99DC7F970E541F193" box="[159,370,1722,1745]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Residual FeL</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99F6DF970E64CF193" box="[565,639,1722,1745]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.408</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99E5EF970E77CF193" box="[774,847,1722,1745]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">-0.096</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99EBDF970E01DF193" box="[997,1070,1722,1745]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">-0.169</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F9999CF970E13EF193" box="[1220,1293,1722,1745]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">-0.143</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD7F5F99DC7F92FE13EF1BE" box="[159,1293,1765,1788]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD7F5F99DC7F92FE541F1BE" box="[159,370,1765,1788]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Residual TL</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99F6DF92FE64CF1BE" box="[565,639,1765,1788]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.421</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99E5EF92FE77CF1BE" box="[774,847,1765,1788]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.013</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99EBDF92FE01DF1BE" box="[997,1070,1765,1788]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">-0.104</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F9999CF92FE13EF1BE" box="[1220,1293,1765,1788]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.045</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD7F5F99DC7F8DAE13EF065" box="[159,1293,1808,1831]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD7F5F99DC7F8DAE541F065" box="[159,370,1808,1831]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Residual FoL</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99F6DF8DAE64CF065" box="[565,639,1808,1831]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.191</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99E5EF8DAE77CF065" box="[774,847,1808,1831]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.616</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99EBDF8DAE01DF065" box="[997,1070,1808,1831]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.284</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F9999CF8DAE13EF065" box="[1220,1293,1808,1831]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">-0.283</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD7F5F99DC7F8F0E13EF013" box="[159,1293,1850,1873]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD7F5F99DC7F8F0E541F013" box="[159,370,1850,1873]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Residual SA</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99F6DF8F0E64CF013" box="[565,639,1850,1873]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.237</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99E5EF8F0E77CF013" box="[774,847,1850,1873]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">-0.582</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99EBDF8F0E01DF013" box="[997,1070,1850,1873]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.085</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F9999CF8F0E13EF013" box="[1220,1293,1850,1873]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">-0.402</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD7F5F99DC7F8AFE13EF03E" box="[159,1293,1893,1916]" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD7F5F99DC7F8AFE541F03E" box="[159,370,1893,1916]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Eigenvalues</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99F6DF8AFE64CF03E" box="[565,639,1893,1916]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4.757</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99E5EF8AFE77CF03E" box="[774,847,1893,1916]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.590</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99EBDF8AFE01DF03E" box="[997,1070,1893,1916]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.934</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F9999CF8AFE13EF03E" box="[1220,1293,1893,1916]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.653</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD7F5F99DC7F85AE13EF0E5" box="[159,1293,1936,1959]" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD7F5F99DC7F85AE541F0E5" box="[159,370,1936,1959]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Percent of Variance</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99F6DF85AE64CF0E5" box="[565,639,1936,1959]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">52.853</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99E5EF85AE77CF0E5" box="[774,847,1936,1959]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">17.667</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99EBDF85AE01DF0E5" box="[997,1070,1936,1959]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10.376</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F9999CF85AE13EF0E5" box="[1220,1293,1936,1959]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7.253</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2995160FFD7F5F99DC7F870E13EF093" box="[159,1293,1978,2001]" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="A148381CFFD7F5F99DC7F870E541F093" box="[159,370,1978,2001]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cumulative Percent</th>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99F6DF870E64CF093" box="[565,639,1978,2001]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">52.853</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99E5EF870E77CF093" box="[774,847,1978,2001]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">70.520</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F99EBDF870E01DF093" box="[997,1070,1978,2001]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">80.896</td>
|
||
<td id="A148381CFFD7F5F9999CF870E13EF093" box="[1220,1293,1978,2001]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">88.150</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="08D603AAFFD40A0C9DCFFD26E4FAF4F3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180290/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[152,1435,180,735]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD40A0C9DCFFD26E4FAF4F3" blockId="10.[151,1436,748,945]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD40A0C9DCFFD26E528F446" bold="true" box="[151,283,748,772]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Multivariate variation in morphology and advertisement calls within and among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD40A0C99C3FD27E14BF446" box="[1179,1400,749,772]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feriarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD40A0C99C3FD27E14BF446" box="[1179,1400,749,772]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pseudacris feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD40A0C98D0FD27E531F464" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD40A0C98D0FD27E531F464" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD40A0C9C57FCC5E5B9F464" box="[271,394,783,806]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. m a c u l a t a</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD40A0C9C91FCC5E61FF464" box="[457,556,783,806]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD40A0C9C91FCC5E61FF464" box="[457,556,783,806]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
along the first two principal component axes. Representatives of each species are enclosed by polygons. Analyses of morphological data were based on the nine variables in Fig. 7. Analyses of call data were based on the five variables in Fig. 5. Prior to analysis, morphological variables were averaged by population, such that each point on the graph represents a population. In contrast, points on the advertisement call graph represent individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="14B300A9FFD40A0B9D9EFB03E5DAF688" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD40A0C9D9EFB03E1BEF14C" blockId="10.[151,1437,1026,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD40A0C9D9EFB03E564F3A1" bold="true" box="[198,343,1225,1251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description</emphasis>
|
||
: Male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD40A0C9CE9FB00E680F3A1" box="[433,691,1226,1251]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD40A0C9CE9FB00E680F3A1" box="[433,691,1226,1251]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
attain a maximum snout-vent length of
|
||
<quantity id="9B51FEC7FFD40A0C99FBFB00E0CFF3A6" box="[1187,1276,1226,1252]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and females reach at least
|
||
<quantity id="9B51FEC7FFD40A0C9C6FFB25E5BEF24B" box="[311,397,1263,1289]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The head is slightly narrower than the body, and the top of the head is barely convex. In dorsal profile, the snout is acuminate and in ventral profile, it projects well beyond the tip of the lower jaw. The snout is long with slightly protuberant nostrils situated at a point about two-thirds of the distance from the anterior corner of the eye to the tip of the snout. The eyes are of moderate size and not protuberant. The canthus rostralis is rounded, and the loreal region is barely concave; the lips are moderately thick and not flared. A thin supratympanic fold extends posteriorly from the eye, above the tympanum, and downward to a point above the insertion of the arm. The fold barely obscures the upper edge of the tympanum, which otherwise is distinct and separated from the eye by a distance equal to about two-thirds of the diameter of the tympanum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD40A0C9D9EF9D0E654F0AE" blockId="10.[151,1437,1026,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">The arms are moderately long and robust; an axillary membrane is absent. A slight ulnar fold is present, with no rows of tubercles, and a distinct dermal fold is present on the dorsal surface of the wrist. The fingers are long and slender and bear discs that are only slightly wider than the fingers. The subarticular tubercles are moderately large and round, and none are bifid. The supernumerary tubercles are absent. A large almost bifid palmar tubercle is present. The prepollex is not enlarged and in breeding males does not bear a nuptial excrescence. No webbing is present on the hands. The legs are of moderate length and slender. A well-developed, flaplike inner tarsal fold extends the full length of the tarsus and connects to the inner metatarsal tubercle. An outer tarsal fold is lacking. The inner metatarsal tubercle is small, elliptical, and elevated. A smaller, conical outer metatarsal tubercle is present. The toes are long and slender; the small toe discs are slightly wider than the digits. The subarticular tubercles are large, round, and flattened in profile. A few supernumerary tubercles are barely evident on the proximal segments of the outer digits. The toes are webbed only basally between digits III and IV and between IV and V.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD50A0D9DCFF8F9E0FEF097" blockId="11.[151,1436,1841,2005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD50A0D9DCFF8F9E529F009" bold="true" box="[151,282,1843,1867]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Box and whisker plots (median = central black bar, boxes = 25th–75th quartiles, whiskers = maximum and minimum values after excluding outliers) showing morphological variation among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD50A0D9944F89CE135F02F" box="[1052,1286,1878,1901]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD50A0D9944F89CE135F02F" box="[1052,1286,1878,1901]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fou),
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD50A0D980AF89CE4FCF0D2" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. f e r i - arum</emphasis>
|
||
(fer),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD50A0D9C41F8B3E5B3F0D2" box="[281,384,1913,1936]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD50A0D9C41F8B3E5B3F0D2" box="[281,384,1913,1936]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(nig), and
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD50A0D9CA6F8B3E64FF0D2" box="[510,636,1913,1936]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. m a c u l a t a</emphasis>
|
||
(mac). Nine variables are presented: residual head width, residual head length, residual snout length, residual snout angle, residual eye width, residual tympanum diameter, residual tibia-fibula length, residual femur length, and residual foot length. Individuals analyzed are listed in Appendix 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD20A0A9D9EFF52E62AF6E0" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">The cloacal opening is directed posteriorly near the mid level of the thighs; a short transverse flap lies dorsal to the opening, and partially covers it. The skin on the dorsum is weakly granular, whereas that on the venter is strongly granular. The tongue is cordiform, shallowly notched posteriorly, and barely free behind. The dentigerous processes of the vomers are small rounded elevations that are widely separated medially and lie between the ovoid choanae. Two or three teeth are present on each process. The short elliptical vocal slits extend along the posterior two-thirds of the tongue to the angle of the jaws. The vocal sac is single, median, subgular, and greatly distensible.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD20A0A9D9EFE65E6C9F578" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD20A0A9D9EFE65E620F68B" bold="true" box="[198,531,431,457]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="8312ED80FFD20A0A9CF0FE65E620F68B" box="[424,531,431,457]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Adult male, morphometric data: SVL 27.38; SA 1.04; HW 9.30; HL 9.36; TD 1.72; EW 3.07; Snout 2.29; FeL 13.14; TL 14.07; FoL
|
||
<quantity id="9B51FEC7FFD20A0A9E38FE1FE7EEF6AD" box="[864,989,469,495]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="13.6">13.60 mm</quantity>
|
||
; advertisement call data: DF 3273.05 Hz; CDC 0.37; CL 910.31 ms; CR 0.41 calls per sec; PN 13.50; genetic data: mitochondrial haplotype of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD20A0A9DCFFDEAE5A6F57B" box="[151,405,544,569]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD20A0A9DCFFDEAE5A6F57B" box="[151,405,544,569]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38382ED3FFD20A0A9CB2FDEAE6DEF578" author="Lemmon" box="[490,749,544,570]" pageId="12" pageNumber="16" refString="Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R., Lee-Yaw, J. A., Collins, J. T. & Cannatella, D. C. (2007 b) Phylogeny-based delimitation of species boundaries and contact zones in the trilling chorus frogs (Pseudacris). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44, 1068 - 1082." type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Lemmon
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD20A0A9F05FDEAE6ABF57B" box="[605,664,544,569]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD20A0A9D9EFD8FE71AF40D" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD20A0A9D9EFD8FE5E0F51D" bold="true" box="[198,467,581,607]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Color in preservative</emphasis>
|
||
: The general coloration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD20A0A9E44FD8FE02FF51C" box="[796,1052,581,606]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD20A0A9E44FD8FE02FF51C" box="[796,1052,581,606]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is light brown above with three darker brown stripes or three sets of elongate spots forming rows on the back. The dorsal surface ranges from light gray to tan. The markings on the back and transverse bars on the limbs vary from medium to dark brown. There is a dark brown to reddish-brown stripe from the nostril to the eye, which extends to the mid or posterior flank region. A white to cream labial stripe is present, and extends beneath the eye to just posterior to the tympanum. The venter is creamy white and may have some brown flecking in the pectoral and mid abdominal region. The eye has a dark pupil with a bronze-gold iris.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD20A0A9D9EFC97E6A3F3F5" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD20A0A9D9EFC97E56EF435" bold="true" box="[198,349,861,887]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Color in life</emphasis>
|
||
: In life, the coloration is similar to that in preservative except the labial stripe is a bright iridescent white, the ground dorsal color may have a very slight pinkish hue, and the dorsal surface may have occasional brassy or gold flecking. Based on color photographs before preservation,
|
||
<typeStatus id="8312ED80FFD20A0A99DAFC67E0C1F485" box="[1154,1266,941,967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
TNHC 63471 and TNHC 63473 are tan to medium brown on the dorsal surface with three dark brown stripes that run longitudinally down the back of the frog. A broad dark reddish brown stripe runs laterally from the tip of the snout through the eye and tympanum to just anterior to the rear legs. A narrow bright white line runs laterally from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the jaw just below the brown lateral stripe. Front and rear legs have dark brown transverse bars on a tan to medium brown background. The ventral surface is cream with several dark flecks. The throat is yellowish-brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD20A0A9D9EFB0FE693F26D" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD20A0A9D9EFB0FE506F39D" bold="true" box="[198,309,1221,1247]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tadpoles</emphasis>
|
||
: The tadpoles of this species have been described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38382ED3FFD20A0A9EF0FB0FE54DF245" author="Siekmann" pageId="12" pageNumber="17" refString="Siekmann, J. M. (1949) A survey of the tadpoles of Louisiana. Masters Thesis, Tulane University, New Orleans, 66 pp." type="book" year="1949">
|
||
Siekmann (1949; referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD20A0A9842FB0FE541F244" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="triseriata" subSpecies="feriarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD20A0A9842FB0FE541F244" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pseudacris triseriata feriarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38382ED3FFD20A0A9CD2FB27E65EF245" box="[394,621,1261,1287]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17" refString="Trauth, S. E., Robison, H. W. & Plummer, M. V. (2004) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Arkansas. University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, 417 pp." type="book">
|
||
Trauth
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD20A0A9C86FB27E62AF244" box="[478,537,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
show multiple photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD20A0A9E82FB27E058F244" box="[986,1131,1261,1286]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD20A0A9E82FB27E058F244" box="[986,1131,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tadpoles (referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD20A0A98DEFB27E537F26C" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triseriata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD20A0A98DEFB27E537F26C" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. triseriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) at different developmental stages.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD20A0A9D9EFAF7E682F1FD" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD20A0A9D9EFAF7E50AF215" bold="true" box="[198,313,1341,1367]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
: There is marked variation in color pattern
|
||
<typeStatus id="8312ED80FFD20A0A9E63FAF7E74AF215" box="[827,889,1341,1367]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">types</typeStatus>
|
||
in our sample of twelve
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD20A0A99C5FAF7E1AFF214" box="[1181,1436,1341,1366]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD20A0A99C5FAF7E1AFF214" box="[1181,1436,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8312ED80FFD20A0A9C5CFAAFE504F23D" box="[260,311,1381,1407]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana). Four exhibit a strong three-stripe pattern on the dorsal surface (TNHC 62267, 63471, 63477, and 63478), two show a three-stripe pattern with dark dots bounding the stripes (TNHC 63473 and 63475), four show a broken three-stripe pattern (TNHC 62265, 62266, 63472, and 63479), and two are patternless, except for markings on the legs (TNHC 63474 and 63476). An interorbital triangle is not present in any specimens. Dark transverse bars are present on the legs and vary in number from 2 to 15 among specimens. A dark brown stripe runs laterally from anterior to the nares to mid-flank, and a white labial stripe is present on all specimens. The ventral surfaces are generally cream, but some specimens have venters with scattered flecks of gray pigment. The vocal sac area is yellowish-orange with dark gray pigment (in males).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD20A0A9D9EF907E5D2F0C5" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD20A0A9C49F907E623F1A4" box="[273,528,1741,1766]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD20A0A9C49F907E623F1A4" box="[273,528,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations are similar in color pattern, except that the stripe pattern is more consistent. In ten specimens from Craighead Co., Arkansas, all except one exhibit the solid three-stripe pattern (TNHC 62255–62264, not TNHC 62259, which shows a faint broken-stripe pattern). In twelve specimens from Newton Co., Texas, all specimens show a strong three-stripe pattern (TNHC 20691–20696 and TNHC 20698–20704; Appendix 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD20A0B9D9EF85FE5DAF688" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,578]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD20A0A9D9EF85FE616F0ED" bold="true" box="[198,549,1941,1967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ecology and natural history</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD20A0A9F6DF85FE707F0EC" box="[565,820,1941,1966]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD20A0A9F6DF85FE707F0EC" box="[565,820,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a winter or early spring breeder that can be heard chorusing in temporary bodies of water from January to May. Breeding activity depends on amenable temperatures (4°C to 21°C; nocturnal temperature of 10–18°C is optimal) and recent rainfall.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD30A0B99C4FF52E1AFF7F3" box="[1180,1436,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD30A0B99C4FF52E1AFF7F3" box="[1180,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
congregate to breed in ephemeral pools and ponds in a variety of habitats, ranging from forested areas to open fields. The species has successfully colonized wet roadside ditches throughout its range. Little is known about the activity of the species outside of the breeding season. Frogs disperse from breeding sites and presumably forage on small invertebrates like other trilling chorus frogs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38382ED3FFD30A0B9ED9FEF2E004F610" author="Whitaker" box="[897,1079,312,338]" pageId="13" pageNumber="17" refString="Whitaker, J. O. (1971) A study of the western chorus frogs, Pseudacris triseriata, in Vigo County, Indiana. Journal of Herpetology, 5, 127 - 150." type="journal article" year="1971">Whitaker 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and range within an area of about
|
||
<quantity id="9B51FEC7FFD30A0B9D87FEAAE51AF638" box="[223,297,352,378]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
from the breeding pool (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38382ED3FFD30A0B9F12FEAAE6D9F638" author="Kramer" box="[586,746,352,378]" pageId="13" pageNumber="16" refString="Kramer, D. C. (1973) Movements of western chorus frogs Pseudacris triseriata triseriata tagged with Co 6 0. Journal of Herpetology, 7, 231 - 235." type="journal article" year="1973">Kramer 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38382ED3FFD30A0B9FAEFEAAE706F638" author="Kramer" box="[758,821,352,378]" pageId="13" pageNumber="16" refString="Kramer, D. C. (1974) Home range of the western chorus frog Pseudacris triseriata triseriata. Journal of Herpetology, 8, 245 - 246." type="journal article" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD30A0B9E11FEAAE074F63B" box="[841,1095,352,377]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD30A0B9E11FEAAE074F63B" box="[841,1095,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not ecologically limited to pine forest, as is its sister species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD30A0B9F70FE42E6A6F6E3" box="[552,661,392,418]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD30A0B9F70FE42E604F6E3" box="[552,567,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD30A0B9F1DFE42E6A6F6E3" box="[581,661,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">nigrita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Rather, the new species appears to tolerate a much broader range of environmental conditions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="14B300A9FFD30A0B9D9EFE1DE720F500" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C165322FFD30A0B9D9EFE1DE720F500" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,578]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD30A0B9D9EFE1DE56CF6B3" bold="true" box="[198,351,471,497]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA928A1FFD30A0B9C2AFE12E647F6B3" box="[370,628,472,497]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouquettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD30A0B9C2AFE12E647F6B3" box="[370,628,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pseudacris fouquettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed along the coast of the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="24BE13B2FFD30A0B99C1FE12E0C0F6B0" box="[1177,1267,472,498]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
from western Mississippi, Louisiana, and eastern Texas north to eastern Oklahoma (nearly to Kansas), Arkansas, and barely into southern Missouri (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4924FA7FFD30A0B9CE8FDE2E5C5F500" box="[432,502,552,578]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,254,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[160,1431,753,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[155,1431,753,1897]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distributions of Pseudacris feriarum, P. fouquettei, P. maculata, and P. nigrita in the southern United States based on genetic data (Lemmon et al. 2007 b). Symbols indicate populations included in genetic analyses. The type locality of P. fouquettei is denoted with a star. Capital “ C ” s indicate populations analyzed for advertisement calls. Populations analyzed for morphometric data are not shown (see Appendix 1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180287/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38382ED3FFD30A0B9F5DFDE2E735F500" author="Lemmon" box="[517,774,552,578]" pageId="13" pageNumber="16" refString="Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R., Lee-Yaw, J. A., Collins, J. T. & Cannatella, D. C. (2007 b) Phylogeny-based delimitation of species boundaries and contact zones in the trilling chorus frogs (Pseudacris). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44, 1068 - 1082." type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Lemmon
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDD8F30FFD30A0B9F2EFDE2E682F503" box="[630,689,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |