384 lines
34 KiB
XML
384 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.339.4903" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f5e2c4d6-742c-4235-bf0e-b97e1ec678d2" ID-PMC="PMC3800827" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-339-1" ID-PubMed="24146585" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-339-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 339" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the genus Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae)" checkinTime="1451246844427" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Borkenhagen, Kai & Krupp, Friedhelm" docDate="2013" docId="7460EC610DCD9A0B17FEF921F1A27450" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 339: 1-53" docOrigin="ZooKeys 339" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.339.4903" docTitle="Carasobarbus canis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FF8B0A687873FFFAFFC0C22FFFF3FFD2" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the genus Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1668156576871" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the genus Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Borkenhagen, Kai</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Krupp, Friedhelm</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>339</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>53</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.339.4903</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.339.4903</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-339-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152048578" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7460EC610DCD9A0B17FEF921F1A27450" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7460EC610DCD9A0B17FEF921F1A27450" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Carasobarbus_canis" authority="Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1842" authorityYear="1842" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carasobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carasobarbus canis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canis">Carasobarbus canis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1842)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Barbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Barbus canis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canis">Barbus canis</taxonomicName>
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Valenciennes in
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<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cuvier and Valenciennes 1842</bibRefCitation>
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: 186.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Barbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Barbus beddomii" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beddomii">Barbus beddomii</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
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1868
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 110.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="material">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Type material. Lectotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Barbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Barbus canis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canis">Barbus canis</taxonomicName>
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: MNHN 0000-1413, 1, Jordan River [
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="31.766666">31°46'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="35.55">35°33'E</geoCoordinate>
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],
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bové">Bove</normalizedToken>
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, 1833 (designated by
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<bibRefCitation author="Krupp, F" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Saudi Arabia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="347 - 416" title="The fishes of the Jordan River drainage basin and Azraq Oasis." volume="10" year="1989">Krupp and Schneider 1989</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Paralectotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Barbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Barbus canis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canis">Barbus canis</taxonomicName>
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: MNHN 0000-3944, 1, same data as lectotype.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">Holotype</pageBreakToken>
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of
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Barbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Barbus beddomii" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beddomii">Barbus beddomii</taxonomicName>
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: BMNH 1863.11.3:5, 1, Lake Tiberias [
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="32.8">32°48'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="35.583332">35°35'E</geoCoordinate>
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], T. W. Beddome.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Non-type material. Jordan River Drainage. SMF 14075, 2, Lake Tiberias (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="32.8">32°48'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="35.583332">35°35'E</geoCoordinate>
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), M. Goren, 15 Mar 1968. - SMF 33134, 16, Syria, Nahr al
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yarmūk">Yarmūk</normalizedToken>
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near Jallayn (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="32.739166">32°44'21"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="35.982224">35°58'56"E</geoCoordinate>
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), N. Alwan et al., 16 Oct 2008. - SMF 24464, 1, Jordan, Nahr al
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yarmūk">Yarmūk</normalizedToken>
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near
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Maqārin">Maqarin</normalizedToken>
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(
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="32.716667">32°43'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="35.883335">35°53'E</geoCoordinate>
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), F. Krupp and W. Schneider, 23 Sep 1985. - SMF 30175, 11, Syria, Lake
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Muzayrīb">Muzayrīb</normalizedToken>
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[
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="32.711113">32°42'40"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="36.0275">36°1'39"E</geoCoordinate>
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], F. Krupp and W. Schneider, 12 Apr 1989. - SMF 33135, 17, Jordan, Wadi al-'Arab near the dam (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="32.618332">32°37'6"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="35.629444">35°37'46"E</geoCoordinate>
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), N. Alwan et al., 25 Oct 2008. - SMF 17123, 16,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Wādī">Wadī</normalizedToken>
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al
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yābis">Yabis</normalizedToken>
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(
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="32.4">32°24'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="35.6">35°36'E</geoCoordinate>
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), F. Krupp and W. Schneider, 23 Jul 1980. - ZMH H 2343, 3, Jordan,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Wādī">Wadī</normalizedToken>
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Kufrinjah (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="32.27361">32°16'25"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="35.561665">35°33'42"E</geoCoordinate>
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). - SMF 24344, 3; SMF 24345, 17, Jordan, Nahr az
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Zarqā’">Zarqa'</normalizedToken>
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(
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="32.2">32°12'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="35.833332">35°50'E</geoCoordinate>
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), F. Krupp and W. Schneider, 22 Jul 1980. - SMF 24339, 3, Jordan, Nahr az
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Zarqā’">Zarqa'</normalizedToken>
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(
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="32.166668">32°10'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="35.616665">35°37'E</geoCoordinate>
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), F. Krupp and W. Schneider, 21 Jul 1980. - SMF 24340, 1, Jordan, Nahr az
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Zarqā’">Zarqa'</normalizedToken>
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near Sadd al Malik Talal (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="32.166668">32°10'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="35.816666">35°49'E</geoCoordinate>
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), F. Krupp and W. Schneider, 22 Jul 1980. - SMF 24331, 7; SMF 24346, 3, Jordan, Nahr al
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yarmūk">Yarmūk</normalizedToken>
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channel (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="32.133335">32°08'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="35.6">35°36'E</geoCoordinate>
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), F. Krupp and W. Schneider, 21 Jul 1980. - NMW 53961, 1, Jordan River [
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="31.766666">31°46'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="35.55">35°33'E</geoCoordinate>
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], Cenoni, Dec 1898.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Azraq Oasis. BMNH 1956.2.24:15-16, 2; BMNH 1965.11.24:2, 1, Jordan, wetland near Azraq ash
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Shīshān">Shīshan</normalizedToken>
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[
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="31.833334">31°50'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="36.816666">36°49'E</geoCoordinate>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Coastal rivers of the Mediterranean Sea. BMNH 1949.9.16:124, 1, Israel,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Naẖal">Naẖal</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Na‘aman">Na'aman</normalizedToken>
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[
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="32.911667">32°54'42"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="35.080555">35°4'50"E</geoCoordinate>
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]. - NMW 22367, 1, Israel,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Naẖal">Naẖal</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Na‘aman">Na'aman</normalizedToken>
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[
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="32.911667">32°54'42"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="35.080555">35°4'50"E</geoCoordinate>
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], H. Steinitz, 21 Oct 1955. - SMF 9229, 1, Israel,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Naẖal">Naẖal</normalizedToken>
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Yarqon [
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="32.101944">32°6'7"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="34.775555">34°46'32"E</geoCoordinate>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Two pairs of barbels, 29 to 35 scales in the lateral line and usually 12 scales around the least circumference of the caudal peduncle, last unbranched ray of dorsal fin shorter than head.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">The body is low. A nuchal hump is present in adults but absent in juveniles. The largest body depth is at the origin of the dorsal fin. The head is long, rather low and fairly narrow with straight dorsal and convex ventral profile (Figs 8, 9). The head length approximately equals the body depth. The mouth is terminal or slightly subterminal. Two pairs of barbels are present (Table 2). The lips are smooth and thin (Fig. 3). The eyes are at the end of the anterior half of the head. The morphometric characters are summarised in Table 1.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Figure 8.
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carasobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carasobarbus canis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canis">Carasobarbus canis</taxonomicName>
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, lectotype (MNHN 1413) from Jordan River.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Figure 9.
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carasobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carasobarbus canis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canis">Carasobarbus canis</taxonomicName>
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, live specimen from Wadi al-'Arab.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pectoral, ventral, dorsal and anal fins are comparatively short (Table 1). The dorsal fin usually has four unbranched and 10 branched rays (Table 3). The last unbranched ray is ossified and its distal part is flexible. It is usually markedly shorter than the head (Fig. 4). The anal fin usually has three unbranched and six branched fin rays (Table 4).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">There are 29 to 35 scales in the lateral line (Table 5), usually 4.5 or 5.5 scales above the lateral line (Table 6), usually 4.5 scales below the lateral line (Table 7) and usually 12 scales around the least circumference of the caudal peduncle (Table 8). The scales are shown in Fig. 5.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
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pharyngeal teeth count is 2.3.5-5.3.2 in 23 specimens, 2.3.3-5.3.2 in one specimen, 2.3.5- in one specimen and -5.3.2 in one specimen. The pharyngeal teeth are hooked at their tips (Fig. 6).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Live specimens are silvery to bronze coloured. The posterior third of the body and the fins are distinctly yellow in many specimens (Fig. 9). Ethanol-preserved specimens are brownish yellow and the back is only slightly darker than the rest of the body (Fig. 8). The fins are brownish yellow. Juveniles have a dark lateral spot on the caudal peduncle.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carasobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carasobarbus canis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canis">Carasobarbus canis</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carasobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carasobarbus apoensis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apoensis">Carasobarbus apoensis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carasobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carasobarbus luteus" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luteus">Carasobarbus luteus</taxonomicName>
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in having two pairs of barbels vs. one, from
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carasobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carasobarbus kosswigi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kosswigi">Carasobarbus kosswigi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carasobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carasobarbus sublimus" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sublimus">Carasobarbus sublimus</taxonomicName>
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in having a crescent-shaped lower lip without median lobe vs. a spatulate lower lip with median lobe, from
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carasobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carasobarbus exulatus" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exulatus">Carasobarbus exulatus</taxonomicName>
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in modally having 10 branched dorsal-fin rays vs. nine and from
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carasobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carasobarbus chantrei" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chantrei">Carasobarbus chantrei</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carasobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carasobarbus fritschii" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritschii">Carasobarbus fritschii</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carasobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carasobarbus harterti" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harterti">Carasobarbus harterti</taxonomicName>
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in modally having 10 scales around the least circumference of the caudal peduncle vs. 14 or 16.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carasobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carasobarbus canis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canis">Carasobarbus canis</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in the Jordan River system (Fig. 7). There are only few records from coastal rivers of the Mediterranean Sea (Naẖal
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Na‘aman">Na'aman</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Naẖal">Naẖal</normalizedToken>
|
||
Yarqon). A recent treatment of the inland water fish communities of Israel does not report
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carasobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carasobarbus canis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canis">Carasobarbus canis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from coastal rivers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Goren, M" journalOrPublisher="Biological Conservation" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 9" title="Biogeography, diversity and conservation of the inland water fish communities in Israel." url="10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00127-X" volume="89" year="1999">Goren and Ortal 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The population in the Azraq Oasis was introduced by humans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Krupp, F" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Saudi Arabia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="347 - 416" title="The fishes of the Jordan River drainage basin and Azraq Oasis." volume="10" year="1989">Krupp and Schneider 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Since the year 2000 this species was not found in Azraq (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hamidan, N" journalOrPublisher="Denisia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="385 - 394" title="The freshwater fish fauna of Jordan." volume="14" year="2004">Hamidan 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the population may have disappeared due to drought. Records from the Tigris-Euphrates system (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Banister, KE" editor="Rzoska, J" journalOrPublisher="Junk, The Hague" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="95 - 106" title="The fishes of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers." url="10.1007/978-94-009-9171-2_9" year="1980">Banister 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are based on misidentifications.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="habitats and biology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Habitats and biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carasobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carasobarbus canis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canis">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">Carasobarbus</pageBreakToken>
|
||
canis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits a wide range of rivers, lakes and ponds (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Goren, M" journalOrPublisher="Israel Journal of Zoology" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="67 - 118" title="The freshwater fishes of Israel." volume="23" year="1974">Goren 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with clean as well as polluted water (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mir, S" journalOrPublisher="Bangladesh Journal of Zoology" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="157 - 175" title="Taxonomical studies and the geographical distribution of freshwater fishes of Jordan." volume="18" year="1990">Mir 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Adults reach a length of about 40 cm (max. 66 cm) and are of economic importance locally (annual catch in Israel 1970-85 about 50 t,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fishelson, L" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="79 - 88" title="Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Barbus spp., Capoeta damascina and their hybrids (Cyprinidae, Teleostei) in Israel." url="10.1007/BF00013728" volume="317" year="1996">Fishelson et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It feeds on fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae and detritus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ben-Tuvia 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Spataru, P" journalOrPublisher="Environmental Biology of Fishes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="295 - 301" title="Food composition of the barbel Tor canis (Cyprinidae) and its role in the Lake Kinneret ecosystem." url="10.1007/BF00002634" volume="14" year="1985">Spataru and Gophen 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Krupp, F" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Saudi Arabia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="347 - 416" title="The fishes of the Jordan River drainage basin and Azraq Oasis." volume="10" year="1989">Krupp and Schneider 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The relative proportion of fish in the diet increases with body length and small cyprinids of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Mirogrex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mirogrex" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mirogrex</taxonomicName>
|
||
are their most important prey (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Spataru, P" journalOrPublisher="Environmental Biology of Fishes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="295 - 301" title="Food composition of the barbel Tor canis (Cyprinidae) and its role in the Lake Kinneret ecosystem." url="10.1007/BF00002634" volume="14" year="1985">Spataru and Gophen 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The spawning grounds are (among others) at the shore of Lake Tiberias where the spawning occurs in shallow water over hard bottom in December and January, one month after the start of the rainy season (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fishelson, L" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="79 - 88" title="Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Barbus spp., Capoeta damascina and their hybrids (Cyprinidae, Teleostei) in Israel." url="10.1007/BF00013728" volume="317" year="1996">Fishelson et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The sticky eggs attach to the substrate. Winter spawning is seen as evidence for an origin in cooler areas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fishelson, L" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="79 - 88" title="Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Barbus spp., Capoeta damascina and their hybrids (Cyprinidae, Teleostei) in Israel." url="10.1007/BF00013728" volume="317" year="1996">Fishelson et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Catches in Lake Tiberias are declining (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fishelson, L" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="79 - 88" title="Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Barbus spp., Capoeta damascina and their hybrids (Cyprinidae, Teleostei) in Israel." url="10.1007/BF00013728" volume="317" year="1996">Fishelson et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species is rated Least Concern by the IUCN (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Crivelli, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Environmental Biology of Fishes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" title="IUCN (2012)" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org" year="2006 a">Crivelli 2006a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The population in Lake Tiberias does not face serious threats; the riverine populations are declining and threatened by pollution, water extraction, drought and fragmentation due to damming (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Crivelli, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Environmental Biology of Fishes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" title="IUCN (2012)" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org" year="2006 a">Crivelli 2006a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="remarks and discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and discussion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carasobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carasobarbus canis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canis">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">Carasobarbus</pageBreakToken>
|
||
canis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from the Jordan River as a member of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Barbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Barbus" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Barbus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cuvier and Valenciennes 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Later it was assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Luciobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luciobarbus" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Luciobarbus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Heckel 1843</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Labeobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Labeobarbus" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Labeobarbus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
|
||
1864
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Subsequently it was transfered back to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Barbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Barbus" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Barbus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
|
||
1868
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and then placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Tor" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tor" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Karaman, MS" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="175 - 254" title="Suesswasserfische der Tuerkei. 8. Teil: Revision der Barben Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas." volume="67" year="1971">Karaman 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Banarescu, P" journalOrPublisher="Cybium" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="35 - 55" title="Position zoogeographique de l'ichthyofaune d'eau douces d'Asie occidentale." volume="2" year="1977">Banarescu 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Barbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Barbus" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Barbus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Banister and Clarke 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Krupp, F" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Saudi Arabia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="568 - 636" title="Freshwater fishes of Saudi Arabia and adjacent regions of the Arabian Peninsula." volume="5" year="1983 a">Krupp 1983a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carasobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carasobarbus" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carasobarbus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ekmekci, FG" journalOrPublisher="Folia Zoologica" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="87 - 96" title="A revision of the generic position of Barynotus (Systomus) verhoeffi, and the validity of the genera Carasobarbus, Kosswigobarbus and Mesopotamichthys (Pisces, Cyprinidae)." volume="47" year="1998">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ekmekçi">Ekmekci</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Banarescu 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Barbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Barbus" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Barbus</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carasobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carasobarbus" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carasobarbus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tsigenopoulos, CS" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="851 - 856" title="Phylogenetic relationships of hexaploid large-sized barbs (genus Labeobarbus, Cyprinidae) based on mtDNA data." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2010.02.006" volume="56" year="2010">Tsigenopoulos et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). MNHN 0000-1413 was designated as lectotype (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Krupp, F" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Saudi Arabia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="347 - 416" title="The fishes of the Jordan River drainage basin and Azraq Oasis." volume="10" year="1989">Krupp and Schneider 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Barbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Barbus beddomii" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beddomii">Barbus beddomii</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered to be a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carasobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carasobarbus canis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canis">Carasobarbus canis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Berg, LS" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="783 - 858" title="Presnovodnye ryby Irana i sopredel'nykh stran [Freshwater fishes of Iran and adjacent countries]." volume="8" year="1949">Berg 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Karaman, MS" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="175 - 254" title="Suesswasserfische der Tuerkei. 8. Teil: Revision der Barben Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas." volume="67" year="1971">Karaman 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Krupp, F" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Saudi Arabia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="347 - 416" title="The fishes of the Jordan River drainage basin and Azraq Oasis." volume="10" year="1989">Krupp and Schneider 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |