192 lines
21 KiB
XML
192 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.496.9315" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5bfdf73e-1b2c-40ad-aeb4-bb7757f25397" ID-PMC="PMC4410159" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-496-105" ID-PubMed="25931957" ID-ZBK="065B57082E054F6C8D71572032B3FBBF" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-496-105" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 496" ModsDocTitle="Two new Neuratelia Rondani (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) species from Western Palaearctic: a case of limited congruence between morphology and DNA sequence data" checkinTime="1451244434460" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kurina, Olavi, Ounap, Erki & Poldmaa, Kadri" docDate="2015" docId="80EFDEE4FD3BB238F5E28A554A37E73E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 496: 105-129" docOrigin="ZooKeys 496" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.496.9315" docTitle="Neuratelia salmelai Kurina, Ounap & Poldmaa, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="1554A8EF-A6FF-484D-9555-4855836A4263" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="115" masterDocId="F249E8101F60E738277ACB3746354131" masterDocTitle="Two new Neuratelia Rondani (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) species from Western Palaearctic: a case of limited congruence between morphology and DNA sequence data" masterLastPageNumber="129" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="115" updateTime="1668160187171" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new Neuratelia Rondani (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) species from Western Palaearctic: a case of limited congruence between morphology and DNA sequence data</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kurina, Olavi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ounap, Erki</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Poldmaa, Kadri</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>496</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>105</mods:start>
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<mods:end>129</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.496.9315</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.496.9315</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-496-105</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">065B57082E054F6C8D71572032B3FBBF</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">065B57082E054F6C8D71572032B3FBBF</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059439" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1554A8EF-A6FF-484D-9555-4855836A4263" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/80EFDEE4FD3BB238F5E28A554A37E73E" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="10" pageNumber="115">
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="115" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Taxon classification Animalia Diptera Mycetophilidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="115" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/1554A8EF-A6FF-484D-9555-4855836A4263" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neuratelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neuratelia salmelai" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salmelai">Neuratelia salmelai</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="10" pageNumber="115">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 5, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="115" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">
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Holotype. 1♂, ESTONIA.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Palupõhja">Palupohja</normalizedToken>
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, Kaha (ME 57), Malaise trap,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="58.431858">58°25'54,68"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="26.241362">026°14'28,90"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 29.vi.-8.vii.2009, V. Soon leg. (IZBE0200253, slide mounted in Euparal with terminalia in glycerine). Paratypes. 1♂, FINLAND. Lkor:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sodankylä">Sodankylae</normalizedToken>
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, Kaita-aapa, Malaise trap,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="67.84598">67°50'45,5"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="26.554888">026°33'17,6"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 5.vi.-3.vii.2012, J. Salmela leg. (IZBE0200254, in alcohol with terminalia in glycerine); 1♂, FINLAND. Lkoc:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kittilä">Kittilae</normalizedToken>
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, Kielisenpalo, Malaise trap,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="68.02128">68°01'16,6"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.063026">025°03'46,9"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 26.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vi–">vi-</normalizedToken>
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24.vii.2007, J. Salmela leg. (MYCE-NV-2013-0093 in ZMUT, in alcohol with terminalia in glycerine); 1♂, FINLAND. Lkoc:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kittilä">Kittilae</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Vuotsonperän-jänkä">Vuotsonperaen-jaenkae</normalizedToken>
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, Malaise trap,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="67.621086">67°37'15,9"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.445444">025°26'43,6"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 25.vi.-24.vii.2009, J. Salmela leg. (MYCE-NV-2013-0131 in ZMUT, in alcohol with terminalia in glycerine); 1♂, FINLAND, Lkor:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sodankylä">Sodankylae</normalizedToken>
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, Pomokaira
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="67.872">67°52'19,2"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="26.213001">026°12'46,8"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 11.6.-10.7.2013, J. Salmela leg. Malaise trap Salix swamp with seepages (DIPT-JS-2014-0199 in JSPC, in alcohol).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="115" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Male (Figs 5, 18). Body length 5.8-6.5, 6.2 [5.8] mm (n=4).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="115">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">
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Figure 18. Head and thorax of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neuratelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neuratelia salmelai" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salmelai">Neuratelia salmelai</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: anepst = anepisternum; aprnt = antepronotum; clyp = clypeus; cx = coxa; fc = face; flgm = flagellar segment; hlt = halter; ltg = laterotergite; mtepst = metepisternum; mtg = mediotergite; oc = ocellus; ped = pedicell; plp = palpal segment; preepst = preepisternum; proepst = proepisternum; sc = scutum; scp = scape; vrt = vertex; wg = wing.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Head (Fig. 18) brown to dark brown, with numerous setae. Three ocelli in a shallow and wide triangular arrangement, with laterals separated from eye margins by a distance about twice of their own diameter. Face conical, about 0.9 times as wide as maximum height; clypeus rectangular, about 0.6 times as wide as high; both brown, setose, with setae on clypeus stronger than those on face. Mouthparts light brown. Palpus five segmented, yellowish brown with second segment and apex of fifth segment darker. Ratios of three apical palpal segments 1.0: 1.37-1.65, 1.52 [1.56]: 1.62-1.82, 1.72 [1.71]. Scape and pedicel brown, pedicel somewhat lighter; flagellomeres light brown, with short pale setae. First flagellomere yellowish at basal half. Flagellum evenly tapering; first flagellomere clavate, 2.5-3.3 times as long as broad apically, 2-13 flagellomeres cylindrical, fourth flagellomere about 2.3-2.6 times as long as broad, apical flagellomere slightly conical, 5.2-6 times as long as broad at base.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Thorax (Fig. 18). All parts brown to dark brown, all setae yellow to light brownish. Mesonotum with evenly arranged numerous setae. Scutellum with about 10 setae along the margin, not arranged to distinct pairs. Antepronotum with 10-13 and proepisternum with 5-8 setae of unequal size, laterotergite with 17-26 setae and mediotergite with ca 12-20 setae medially on lower part. Other pleural parts bare. Halteres yellow, setose.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Legs. All coxae yellow with basal fourths brown. In case of two paratypes, cx3 entirely light brownish with darker basal half. All trochanters brown. All femora and tibiae yellow, tarsi seem darker because of dense setae. Foretibia with 2-3 ad, 1-3 d and 2-3 pd. Midtibia with 6-10 a, 0-4 d, 4-5 av and 2-3 pd. Hind tibia with 8-10 a, 1-2 ad (1 at apex), 7-8 d, 5-7 p and with a posterior apical comb of setae. Ratio of femur to tibia for fore-, mid- and hind legs: 0.86-0.91, 0.88 [0.91]; 0.72-0.87, 0.80 [0.87]; 0.72-0.77, 0.75 [0.72]. Ratio of tibia to basitarsus for fore-, mid- and hind legs: 0.81-1.00, 0.9 [0.9]; 1.22-1.33, 1.27 [1.22]; [1.66].</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Wing hyaline, length 4.1-5.0, 4.52 [4.49] mm (n=4). All veins brown, costal and radial veins somewhat darker. Both surfaces of all veins setose. Wing membrane with micro- and macrotrichia on both surfaces. Costa reaches very little from R5 to M1. Sc reaches costa at about quarter between Rs and tip of R1. R5 sinuate. Rs about as long as crossvein r-m. M1 basally obsolete: observable vein begins distally from middle of R1. Cubital fork begins proximally from apex of Sc.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Abdomen with tergites brown to dark brown and with sternites yellow to brownish yellow. Terminalia (Figs 20, 22, 24, 26, 28) dark brown. Tergite 9 apically rounded, with deep and narrow basal incision about half of height of tergite. Basolateral portions of tergite 9 tapering. Setae on tergite 9 similar to these on the gonocoxite. Cerci fused, protruding over tergite 9, with strong apical setae deviating from other setosity. The gonocoxite with elongated dorsoapical and ventroapical lobes. Dorsoapical lobe of the gonocoxite dorsobasally right-angled and apically tapering, both well exposed in lateral view and with subapical medially directed hump. Dorsomedial margin of the gonocoxite slightly undulating. Ventroapical lobe of the gonocoxa apically rounded and subapically somewhat deformed. The gonocoxite ventrobasally with wide shelving incision and ventroapically well sclerotised, with a medial cleft. The gonostylus with two branches. The dorsal branch kidney-shaped, slightly widening towards medial line. The ventral branch elongated, apically evenly rounded, with a clear medial widening which bears strong setae well deviating from other setosity of the branch. The medial widening of the ventral branch of gonostylus connected with apical part of the ventroapical lobe of gonocoxite. Parameres long, sinuous, protruding over ventroapical margin of gonocoxite.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="115">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">
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Figures 19-22. Male terminalia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neuratelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neuratelia nemoralis" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">Neuratelia nemoralis</taxonomicName>
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(Meigen, 1818) (19, 21) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neuratelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neuratelia salmelai" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salmelai">Neuratelia salmelai</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (20, 22). Ventral view (19, 20) and dorsal view (21, 22). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. For abbreviations: see Figs 7-8, except: gc dl = dorsoapical lobe of gonocoxite; par = parameres.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="115">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">
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Figures 23-26. Male terminalia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neuratelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neuratelia nemoralis" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">Neuratelia nemoralis</taxonomicName>
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(Meigen, 1818) (23, 25) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neuratelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neuratelia salmelai" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salmelai">Neuratelia salmelai</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (24, 26). Lateral view (23, 24) and internal view of the gonostylus (25, 26). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. For abbreviations: see Figs 7-8 and 19-22.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="115">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">
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Figures 27-28. Male terminalia, dorsal view, tergite 9 removed.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neuratelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neuratelia nemoralis" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">Neuratelia nemoralis</taxonomicName>
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(27) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neuratelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neuratelia salmelai" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salmelai">Neuratelia salmelai</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (28). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Female. Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="115" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="115" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">The species is named in honour of Dr. Jukka Salmela, who kindly provided us the material collected from Finland.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" type="specific discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Specific discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="10" pageNumber="115">
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Following the key by
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<bibRefCitation author="Zaitzev, AI" journalOrPublisher="Moscow" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" title="Fungus gnats of the fauna of Russia and adjacent regions" year="1994">Zaitzev (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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the new species runs to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neuratelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neuratelia sintenisi" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sintenisi">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="116" start="start">Neuratelia</pageBreakToken>
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sintenisi
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</taxonomicName>
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Lackschewitz, 1937, as its foretibia is usually shorter than fore-basitarsus. However, this character seems to be variable, as these are of equal length in one paratype, guiding to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neuratelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neuratelia nemoralis" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">Neuratelia nemoralis</taxonomicName>
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, a species with so far reported Holarctic distribution (
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<bibRefCitation author="Laffoon, JL" editor="Stone, A" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural Research Service U. S." pageId="17" pageNumber="122" pagination="196 - 129" title="Superfamily Mycetophiloidea." volumeTitle="A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico" year="1965">Laffoon 1965</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Zaitzev, AI" journalOrPublisher="Moscow" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" title="Fungus gnats of the fauna of Russia and adjacent regions" year="1994">Zaitzev 1994</bibRefCitation>
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, but see specific discussion under the latter). In sharing the general outline of male terminalia,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neuratelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neuratelia salmelai" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salmelai">Neuratelia salmelai</taxonomicName>
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resembles in addition to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neuratelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neuratelia nemoralis" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">Neuratelia nemoralis</taxonomicName>
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also to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neuratelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neuratelia kamijoi" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamijoi">Neuratelia kamijoi</taxonomicName>
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Sasakawa, 2004 from Japan. All three species have gonocoxite with protruding lobes dorsoapically and ventroapically, and two-branched gonostylus.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neuratelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neuratelia kamijoi" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamijoi">Neuratelia kamijoi</taxonomicName>
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has the dorsoapical lobe of gonocoxite with clear subapical tooth (cf.
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<bibRefCitation author="Sasakawa, M" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" pagination="67 - 79" title="Fungus Gnats of the Genus Neuratelia Rondani in Japan (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)." volume="44" year="2004">Sasakawa 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 5) while in the other two species it is more simple.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neuratelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neuratelia salmelai" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salmelai">Neuratelia salmelai</taxonomicName>
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differs markedly from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neuratelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neuratelia nemoralis" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">Neuratelia nemoralis</taxonomicName>
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as follows: 1) dorsoapical lobe of gonocoxite apically tapering (apically evenly rounded in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neuratelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neuratelia nemoralis" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">Neuratelia nemoralis</taxonomicName>
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), 2) dorsal branch of gonostylus kidney-shaped and slightly widening towards medial line (elongated, curved and sharply widening towards medial line in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neuratelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neuratelia nemoralis" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">Neuratelia nemoralis</taxonomicName>
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), and 3) ventral branch of gonostylus apically evenly rounded with medial widening that bears strong setae deviating well from other setosity of the lobe (ventral branch of gonostylus apically pointed with subapical widening that bears normal setae not deviating from other setosity of the branch in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neuratelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neuratelia nemoralis" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">Neuratelia nemoralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |