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<document id="1AC9EF64CE5170F83EB33FFC9C0344F4" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.158237" ID-GBIF-Dataset="19cf13dc-ccff-48cd-bd4f-c5d3f2593c96" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="158237" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461036139229" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="González, Jorge M. &amp; Cock, Matthew J. W." docDate="2004" docId="03BA87FEFFEB455BFE85F99856A3FA58" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00762.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 762" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Athis palatinus subsp. palatinus Cramer 1777" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FF83FF86FFE8455FFF8DFF94547BFFE6" masterDocTitle="A synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698574733341" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E9D460146C4392D82E3BC3CEFF9DAD07">A synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="899FFCC1B57B06B182D7D92674F685A3">González, Jorge M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7377189CCA05C22BE6D8A374A2603B90">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C3096563FFEB455CFE85F9985723F9C0" box="[264,856,1548,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFEB455CFE85F9985723F9C0" blockId="3.[264,856,1548,1574]" box="[264,856,1548,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0E48184FFEB455CFE85F9985723F9C0" bold="true" box="[264,856,1548,1574]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFE85F9985723F9C0" bold="true" box="[264,856,1548,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEB455CFE85F998568CF9C0" ID-CoL="5W8VB" authority="Cramer 1777" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1777" box="[264,759,1548,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="palatinus" subSpecies="palatinus">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFE85F998564DF9C0" bold="true" box="[264,566,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Athis palatinus palatinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFDCBF9985695F9C0" author="Cramer" box="[582,750,1548,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" refString="Cramer, P. (1775 - 1782) De uilandische Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Papillons exotiques des trios parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique. Amsterdam, S. J Baalde &amp; J. Van Schoonhoven &amp; Comp.; B. Wild, Utrecht, 1: 155 pp. (1775 - 1776); 2: 151 pp. (1777); 3: 176 pp. (1779 - 1780); 4: 252 pp., pls. 289 - 400 (1780 - 1782)." type="book chapter" year="1777">Cramer 1777</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 3)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096563FFEB455BFE85F9C35748FDC0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFEB455CFE85F9C35774F933" blockId="3.[264,924,1622,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEB455CFE85F9C356F4F98B" authority="Cramer" authorityName="Cramer" box="[264,655,1622,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palatinus" subGenus="Aciloa">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFE85F9C35659F988" box="[264,546,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Castnia (Aciloa) palatinus</emphasis>
(Cramer)
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFD14F9C25725F98B" author="Rothschild" box="[665,862,1622,1645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="17" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild (1919)</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFE85F9EE5535F977" box="[264,334,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Aciloa</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEB455CFED9F9EE56F6F976" authority="Lathy 1922" authorityName="Lathy" authorityYear="1922" box="[340,653,1657,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="palatinus" subSpecies="pallida">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFED9F9EE5672F977" box="[340,521,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">palatinus pallida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFD9CF9ED56F6F976" author="Lathy" box="[529,653,1657,1680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Lathy, P. I. (1922) An account of the Castniinae in the collection of Madame Gaston Fournier (Lepidoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 9 (49), 68 - 86." type="journal article" year="1922">Lathy 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2545781FFEB455CFD15F9ED5680F977" box="[664,763,1657,1681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFD15F9ED5680F977" bold="true" box="[664,763,1657,1681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">syn. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFC84F9ED57E3F976" author="Lathy" box="[777,920,1657,1680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Lathy, P. I. (1923) Further notes on the Castniinae in the collection of Madame Gaston Fournier (Lepidoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 12 (68), 223 - 227." type="journal article" year="1923">Lathy (1923)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEB455CFE85F9085607F955" authority="Lathy" authorityName="Lathy" box="[264,636,1692,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="palatinus" subSpecies="pallidus">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFE85F908565AF955" box="[264,545,1692,1715]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Castnia palatinus pallidus</emphasis>
(Lathy)
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFD0BF90857FFF955" author="Kaye" box="[646,900,1692,1715]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Kaye, W. J., Lamont, N. (1927) A catalogue of the Trinidad Lepidoptera Heterocera (Moths). Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture of Trinidad and Tobago, 3, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1927">Kaye &amp; Lamont (1927)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEB455CFE85F92B5609F933" authority="Lathy" authorityName="Lathy" box="[264,626,1726,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="palatinus" subSpecies="pallida">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFE85F92B566CF930" box="[264,535,1727,1750]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Castnia palatinus pallida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFDABF92A5609F933" box="[550,626,1726,1749]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Lathy, P. I. (1925) The Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 16, 242 - 243." type="journal article">Lathy)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: Lathy (1925).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFEB455BFE85F89D5748FDC0" blockId="3.[264,1323,1801,1867]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1325,284,1470]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
This species is distributed from
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEB455CFDF3F89D56ACF8C5" box="[638,727,1801,1827]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mexico</collectingCountry>
south to
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEB455CFCCEF89D5703F8C5" box="[835,888,1801,1827]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Perú</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEB455CFC3FF89D5781F8C5" box="[946,1018,1801,1827]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFB85F89D50BBF8C5" author="Gonzalez" box="[1032,1216,1801,1827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. (2004) Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) de Venezuela. VI. The genus Athis. Diagnosis and comments. Caribbean Journal of Science, 40 (3), (in press)" type="journal article" year="2004">González 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Several specimens are known from
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEB455CFDDEF8A556CCF8AD" box="[595,695,1841,1867]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFD45F8A5507AF8AD" author="Gonzalez" box="[712,1025,1841,1867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Salazar, J. A. (2003) Adicion a la lista de Castnidos (Lepidoptera: Castniidae: Castniinae) conocidos de Colombia. Boletin Cientifico del Museo de Historia Natural (Manizales), 7, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="2003">González &amp; Salazar 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFB9BF8A550CAF8AD" author="Lathy" box="[1046,1201,1841,1867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Lathy, P. I. (1922) An account of the Castniinae in the collection of Madame Gaston Fournier (Lepidoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 9 (49), 68 - 86." type="journal article" year="1922">Lathy (1922)</bibRefCitation>
described the subspecies
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEC455BFE3AFE885671FED3" box="[439,522,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">pallida</emphasis>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEC455BFDDCFE8856CEFED0" box="[593,693,284,310]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
based entirely on the whiter median band of the hindwing, and subsequently reconfirmed this assessment after examining
<specimenCount id="9D15FD61FFEC455BFBDFFED050C5FEB8" box="[1106,1214,324,350]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">14 males</specimenCount>
and two females (
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEC455BFEF5FEF8567CFE60" author="Lathy" box="[376,519,364,390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="16" refString="Lathy, P. I. (1923) Further notes on the Castniinae in the collection of Madame Gaston Fournier (Lepidoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 12 (68), 223 - 227." type="journal article" year="1923">Lathy 1923</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEC455BFD94FEF85623FE60" author="Lathy" box="[537,600,364,390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="16" refString="Lathy, P. I. (1925) The Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 16, 242 - 243." type="journal article" year="1925">1925</bibRefCitation>
). JMG compared specimens from various South American localities with
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEC455BFE38FE005662FE48" box="[437,537,404,430]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
specimens and found that the “whitish” area varies between specimens and tends to be larger in males (
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEC455BFD45FE2857FBFE30" author="Gonzalez" box="[712,896,444,470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. (2004) Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) de Venezuela. VI. The genus Athis. Diagnosis and comments. Caribbean Journal of Science, 40 (3), (in press)" type="journal article" year="2004">González 2004</bibRefCitation>
). We do not see any justification for recognizing the
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEC455BFE47FE705655FE18" box="[458,558,484,510]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
population of
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEC455BFD6CFE705709FE1B" box="[737,882,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palatinus">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEC455BFD6CFE705709FE1B" box="[737,882,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. palatinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a different subspecies based on a color form that can be found outside the island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096563FFEC455BFEB5FDA056A3FA58" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFEC455BFEB5FDA0566AFC50" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEC455BFEB5FDA05677FDA8" author="Rothschild" box="[312,524,564,590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild (1919)</bibRefCitation>
listed a female from
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEC455BFC86FDA05714FDA8" box="[779,879,564,590]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
with no specific locality. The species has been reported as not uncommon in the Northern Range of
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEC455BFC74FDC85026FD90" box="[1017,1117,604,630]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
in June and July based on the collecting of R. Dick (
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEC455BFD2FFD1057DCFD78" author="Kaye" box="[674,935,644,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="16" refString="Kaye, W. J., Lamont, N. (1927) A catalogue of the Trinidad Lepidoptera Heterocera (Moths). Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture of Trinidad and Tobago, 3, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1927">Kaye &amp; Lamont 1927</bibRefCitation>
). In fact, all of R. Dicks material in the BMNH is from St. Anns, and includes the two males comprising the
<typeStatus id="54A8884AFFEC455BFB00FD3850C4FD20" box="[1165,1215,684,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
series of
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEC455BFE85FD405520FD0B" box="[264,347,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">pallida</emphasis>
Lathy, as well as seven other males and two females. In view of MJWCs observations below, the actual locality is likely to be St. Anns Peak (
<quantity id="4CEB9B0DFFEC455BFC52FD685056FCF0" box="[991,1069,764,790]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.09" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="609.0">609 m</quantity>
) a well known butterfly collecting locality above St. Anns Valley, close to Port of
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEC455BFC74FCB05044FCD8" box="[1017,1087,804,830]" name="Spain" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Spain</collectingCountry>
, or St. Anns Ridge, the ridge running west from St. Anns Peak (
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEC455BFCB8FCD857A7FC80" author="Barcant" box="[821,988,844,870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="14" refString="Barcant, M. (1970) Butterflies of Trinidad and Tobago. Collins, London, 314 pp." type="book" year="1970">Barcant 1970</bibRefCitation>
). “St. Anns” is the correct spelling for this locality, although “St. Annes” is frequently seen on specimen labels and in published literature.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFEC455BFEB5FC5056C1FB40" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
MJWC has observed this species on the ridges of the Northern Range, but it is not common. Adults have been observed feeding at flowers of chaconia (
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEC455BFBC3FC78553CFBCB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Warscewiczia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEC455BFBC3FC78553CFBCB" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Warscewiczia coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEC455BFED4FB8055AEFBC8" box="[345,469,1044,1070]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
) on Lalaja Ridge. This small tree grows to
<quantity id="4CEB9B0DFFEC455BFC6DFB805057FBC8" box="[992,1068,1044,1070]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">46 m</quantity>
and occurs mostly at lower elevations on the island (
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEC455BFD02FBA8578BFBB0" author="Williams" box="[655,1008,1084,1110]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" refString="Williams, R. O. &amp; Cheesman, E. E. (1928) Rubiales. Flora of Trinidad and Tobago, 2 (1), 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1928">Williams &amp; Cheesman 1928</bibRefCitation>
). Its small flowers are in spikes of more than one meter and conspicuous due to scarlet enlarged sepals on some flowers (
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEC455BFEE2FB1856D6FB40" author="Freeman" box="[367,685,1164,1190]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Freeman, W. G. &amp; Williams, R. O. (1928) The useful and ornamental plants of Trinidad &amp; Tobago. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture, Trinidad &amp; Tobago, 4, 1 - 192." type="journal article" year="1928">Freeman &amp; Williams 1928</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFEC455BFEB5FB2056A3FA58" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Material examined: ST. GEORGE: 1ɗ, Hololo, Jun­Aug 1922, R. Dick (AME); 1ɗ, Hololo,
<quantity id="4CEB9B0DFFEC455BFEE5FB4855B8FB10" box="[360,451,1244,1270]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
, R. Dick (AME); 1Ψ, Maracas Bay, Dead plants by road side,
<date id="FFAD1028FFEC455BFB12FB48515DFB10" box="[1183,1318,1244,1270]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1975-09-05">5 Sep 1975</date>
, E. Fuller (AME); 1ɗ, 1Ψ, Morne Bleu Morne Brule Ridge, ¼ mile S of Lalaja South Road,
<date id="FFAD1028FFEC455BFED8FAB855B3FAA0" box="[341,456,1324,1350]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1979-04">Apr 1979</date>
, M.J.W. Cock (ɗ BMNH, Ψ MJWC); 2ɗɗ (
<typeStatus id="54A8884AFFEC455BFC55FAB85077FAA0" box="[984,1036,1324,1350]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
series of
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEC455BFB0CFAB850AFFAA3" box="[1153,1236,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">pallida</emphasis>
), 7ɗɗ, 2ΨΨ, St. Annes, R. Dick, (BMNH); 1ɗ, St. Anne, Port of
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEC455BFC4BFAC05070FA88" box="[966,1035,1364,1390]" name="Spain" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Spain</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FFAD1028FFEC455BFB94FAC050DAFA88" box="[1049,1185,1364,1390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1958-09-05">5 Sep 1958</date>
, M.
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEC455BFB54FAC05151FA88" box="[1241,1322,1364,1390]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nieves</collectingCountry>
(CUIC); 1?, St. Augustine,
<date id="FFAD1028FFEC455BFDD7FAE85686FA70" box="[602,765,1404,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1972-08-11">11 Aug 1972</date>
, D.J. Stradling (UWI);
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEC455BFBADFAE850C9FA70" box="[1056,1202,1404,1430]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TRINIDAD</collectingCountry>
: 1Ψ, A.S. Pinkus (CUIC); 1Ψ, Lowsley (BMNH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>