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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5263.3.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7804268" ID-ZooBank="20CB3CA0-BEF9-474C-8931-6A7948B9CA61" approvalRequired="5" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="4" checkinTime="1680760231104" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Řezáč, Milan, Cardoso, Pedro &amp; Řezáčová, Veronika" docDate="2023" docId="039CE028E87CFFCFFF12FBBAFCCA6684" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5263.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5263 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5263.3.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Harpactea hombergii" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="347" masterDocId="FFA59850E870FFC2FF85FFA1FFD2667D" masterDocTitle="Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal" masterLastPageNumber="364" masterPageNumber="335" pageNumber="347" updateTime="1680760785065" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Řezáč, Milan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, CZ- 16106 Prague 6, Czechia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cardoso, Pedro</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-8119-9960</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 17, FI- 00014 Helsinki, Finland. pedro. cardoso @ helsinki. fi; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8119 - 9960</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">pedro.cardoso@helsinki.fi</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Řezáčová, Veronika</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-1749-0355</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, CZ- 16106 Prague 6, Czechia &amp; strver @ seznam. cz; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1749 - 0355</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">strver@seznam.cz</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-04-06</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>5263</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>335</mods:start>
<mods:end>364</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5263.3.2</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5263.3.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7804268</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">20CB3CA0-BEF9-474C-8931-6A7948B9CA61</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7804298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7804298" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039CE028E87CFFCFFF12FBBAFCCA6684" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039CE028E87CFFCFFF12FBBAFCCA6684" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="347" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
<subSubSection box="[151,601,1050,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,601,1050,1113]" box="[151,601,1050,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,601,1050,1077]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" reason="1">
<taxonomicName authority="(Scopoli, 1763)" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[151,601,1050,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hombergii">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,601,1050,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,410,1050,1077]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Harpactea hombergii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Scopoli, I. A." box="[425,593,1050,1076]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" refId="ref21494" refString="Scopoli, I. A. (1763) Entomologica Carniolica, exhibens insecta Carnioliae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates. Methodo Linnaeana. Trattner, Vienna, 420 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 119976" type="book" year="1763">Scopoli, 1763</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,235,1087,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,601,1050,1113]" box="[151,235,1087,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,227,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[279,1342,195,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-24@22.[231,1356,181,1869]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Known distribution of Portuguese Harpactea species. In each map the first species is represented by a transparent circle and the second species by a black diamond:A) H. adicensis &amp; H. algarvensis; B) H. crespoi &amp; H. dolanskyi; C) H. fageli &amp; H. gaditana; D) H. henriquesi &amp; H. hombergii; E) H. korenkoi &amp; H. krejcii; F) H. magnibulbi &amp; H. minoccii; G) H. pekari &amp; H. proxima; H) H. stalitoides &amp; H. subiasi; I) H. tavirensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7804296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7804296/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,1053,1155,1182]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1053,1155,1182]" box="[151,1053,1155,1182]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,1053,1155,1182]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
<treatmentCitation author="Blackwall, J." box="[151,549,1155,1179]" page="190" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" year="1832">
<taxonomicName authority="Blackwall, 1832: 190" authorityName="Blackwall" authorityPageNumber="190" authorityYear="1832" box="[151,549,1155,1179]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Dysdera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latreillii">
<emphasis box="[151,325,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Dysdera latreillii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Blackwall, J." box="[332,549,1155,1179]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" pagination="190 - 191" refId="ref19048" refString="Blackwall, J. (1832) Description of a species of Arachnida, hitherto uncharacterized, belonging to the family Araneidae. London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Series 3, 1, 190 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786443208647870" type="journal article" year="1832">Blackwall, 1832: 190</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(the first description of this species, based on ♁).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="347" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1225,2008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,267,1225,1251]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Remarks.</emphasis>
The name
<taxonomicName box="[384,614,1225,1251]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hombergi">
<emphasis box="[384,614,1225,1251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Harpactea hombergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been erroneously used for this species (Řezáč
<emphasis box="[1159,1212,1225,1251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">et al.</emphasis>
2008a).
<bibRefCitation author="Walckenaer, C. A." pageId="12" pageNumber="347" pagination="97 - 175" refId="ref21675" refString="Walckenaer, C. A. (1830) Araneides. In: Faune francaise, ou histoire naturelle generale et particuliere des animaux qui se trouvent en France, constamment ou passagerement, a la surface du sol, dans les eaux qui le baignent et dans le littoral des mers qui le bornent par Viellot, Desmarrey, Ducrotoy, Audinet, Lepelletier et Walckenaer. Livr. 26 &amp; 29. Chez Rapet, Paris, pp. 97 - 175 + 177 - 240." type="book chapter" year="1830">Walckenaer (1830)</bibRefCitation>
first used the name
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[460,610,1261,1287]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hombergii">
<emphasis box="[460,610,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">D. hombergii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the
<taxonomicName box="[702,919,1261,1287]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[702,822,1262,1287]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Harpactea</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
His wrong concept was adopted by the latter authors (see the above list of misidentifications). The species so far called
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[980,1220,1297,1323]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hombergii">
<emphasis box="[980,1220,1297,1323]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Harpactea hombergii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first described as
<taxonomicName authority="Latreillii" authorityName="Latreillii" box="[183,385,1333,1359]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Dysdera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[183,385,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Dysdera Latreillii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Blackwall, J." box="[429,628,1333,1359]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" pagination="190 - 191" refId="ref19048" refString="Blackwall, J. (1832) Description of a species of Arachnida, hitherto uncharacterized, belonging to the family Araneidae. London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Series 3, 1, 190 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786443208647870" type="journal article" year="1832">Blackwall (1832)</bibRefCitation>
. However, resurrecting a name that has not been used as valid for over 150 years would severely threaten nomenclatoric stability. Therefore, we propose to keep using the name
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[1322,1436,1369,1395]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hombergii">
<emphasis box="[1322,1436,1369,1395]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">hombergii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1225,2008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[199,439,1441,1467]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hombergii">
<emphasis box="[199,439,1441,1467]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Harpactea hombergii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is usually incorrectly written with a single “i” (for example,
<bibRefCitation author="World Spider Catalog" box="[1115,1424,1441,1467]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" refId="ref21764" refString="World Spider Catalog (2021) World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 2 February 2021)" type="url" year="2021">World Spider Catalog 2021</bibRefCitation>
). It was named after Homberg, latinized in Hombergius; the genitive of Hombergi-us is then Hombergi-i. Therefore, the name “hombergii” does not fit into the cases of incorrect names that must be changed. Thus, the original spelling of the specific name should be maintained according to ICZN, articles 3133.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="347" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1225,2008]" box="[199,689,1585,1612]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,310,1585,1611]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus box="[317,373,1586,1612]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Type</typeStatus>
material was not examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1225,2008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
<emphasis box="[199,358,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">New material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2005-06-14" collectorName="S. Henriques &amp; Crop Research Institute" latitude="41.886" location="Alcos de Valdevez" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="-8.312" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Praha">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039CE028E87CFFCFFF12FBBAFCCA6684:8EEA07E5E87CFFCEFEE9F9F4FDED6012" box="[364,575,1621,1647]" latitude="41.886" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="-8.312" name="Alcos de Valdevez" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" stateProvince="Praha">Alcos de Valdevez</location>
, Mezio,
<geoCoordinate box="[670,750,1621,1647]" degrees="41.886" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" precision="55" value="41.886">41.886</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[760,835,1621,1647]" degrees="8.312" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" precision="55" value="-8.312">-8.312</geoCoordinate>
, inside house, 2 ♁♁,
<date box="[1075,1227,1621,1648]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" value="2005-06-14">
<collectingDate box="[1075,1227,1621,1648]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" value="2005-06-14">14 June 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName box="[1285,1432,1621,1647]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">S. Henriques</collectorName>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[207,475,1657,1683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Crop Research Institute</collectorName>
,
<collectingRegion box="[486,567,1658,1684]" country="Czech Republic" name="Praha" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Prague</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="347" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1225,2008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,1693,1719]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[329,570,1693,1719]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hombergii">
<emphasis box="[329,570,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Harpactea hombergii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily distinguished from other Portuguese
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bristowe" authorityYear="1939" box="[1145,1265,1694,1719]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1145,1265,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Harpactea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by dark brown carapace, especially in males elongated body, slightly annulated legs, remarkably shortened tarsus of male pedipalps, and by the shape of copulatory organs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="347" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1225,2008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,300,1801,1827]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Ecology.</emphasis>
During the day this nocturnal species can be found in leaf litter, under stones and branches lying on the ground or under bark of trees. In the Iberian Peninsula it lives in humid forests, adults are usually found in May. In central Europe it usually lives in sparse dry forests on rocks, especially with predominating
<taxonomicName box="[1171,1319,1874,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[1171,1265,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Quercus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, less often
<taxonomicName box="[151,328,1909,1935]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvatica">
<emphasis box="[151,328,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Fagus sylvatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName box="[365,485,1910,1936]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[365,429,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Pinus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
; it matures at the end of summer.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="348" pageId="12" pageNumber="347" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1225,2008]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="348" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,353,1945,1971]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[361,570,1945,1971]" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">
<emphasis box="[361,481,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="347">Harpactea</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
with the largest area of distribution comprising most of the western, central and southern Europe. It is absent in its southernmost (southern parts of Iberian, Appenine and Balkan peninsulas), northern (Scandinavia, Baltic countries,
<collectingCountry box="[614,690,151,177]" name="Russia" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">Russia</collectingCountry>
) and eastern parts (
<collectingCountry box="[917,1048,151,177]" name="Belarus" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">Bielorussia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[1062,1158,151,177]" name="Ukraine" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
). In Spain (Ferrandez &amp; Ferrandez 1990: 49, fig. 4) and
<collectingCountry box="[509,604,187,213]" name="Portugal" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation box="[619,687,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[279,1342,195,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-24@22.[231,1356,181,1869]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Known distribution of Portuguese Harpactea species. In each map the first species is represented by a transparent circle and the second species by a black diamond:A) H. adicensis &amp; H. algarvensis; B) H. crespoi &amp; H. dolanskyi; C) H. fageli &amp; H. gaditana; D) H. henriquesi &amp; H. hombergii; E) H. korenkoi &amp; H. krejcii; F) H. magnibulbi &amp; H. minoccii; G) H. pekari &amp; H. proxima; H) H. stalitoides &amp; H. subiasi; I) H. tavirensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7804296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7804296/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) it lives only in the northern parts, with very few southern records that probably are misidentified (see
<bibRefCitation author="Branco, V. V. &amp; Morano, E. &amp; Cardoso, P." box="[555,781,223,249]" pageId="13" pageNumber="348" pagination="201 - 254" refId="ref19215" refString="Branco, V. V., Morano, E. &amp; Cardoso, P. (2019 b) An update to the Iberian spider checklist. Zootaxa, 4614 (2), 201 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4614.2.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Branco
<emphasis box="[643,699,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="348">et al.</emphasis>
2019b
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>