276 lines
32 KiB
XML
276 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="161363E27CC9BADA4825B9C16544CA6B" ID-CLB-Dataset="45466" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.215224" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3a53b495-17db-421b-be56-da4dadaea543" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="215224" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460437889326" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Magnacca, Karl N. & Price, Donald K." docDate="2012" docId="039CB000FFD9FFB5F5EFD742AB7DFEEA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03188p030.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3188" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Drosophila lanaiensis Grimshaw 1901" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFA5C878FFD7FFA4F578D04DAF04FFF6" masterDocTitle="New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698332463146" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="909565C3C8AFD22C04DB31166A5340D2">
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<mods:title id="05EC666E287973A63BA69662C0A049A0">New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="02CD231217DA8A91815A20A2B61E24B5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6E3ECDDE8EA19B30D19E18E42C881F44">Magnacca, Karl N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="95462915F79AEFC66D36E31113AFEAB4">Price, Donald K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7E0AFB8FF64FF0E23357F3CD36DFB0BA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CD2E9AC6D6BB2A325B99742569513EA9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F777CE776240CC60342677F10172A43F">
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<mods:date id="D736E27814518EA2485CA7EC54ECC473">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9FC4316FE166500BAF240536DD9824D7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="98F4306A939160F8982D91B877E6B92C">3188</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B3496679E01C3E67F922DB43B9BCEDBE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.215224</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039CB000FFD9FFB5F5EFD742AB7DFEEA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6165840" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119507074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6165840" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039CB000FFD9FFB5F5EFD742AB7DFEEA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039CB000FFD9FFB5F5EFD742AB7DFEEA" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFD9FFAAF5EFD742AFDCF8BC" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFD9FFAAF5EFD742AD76F8DF" blockId="14.[151,626,1807,1866]" box="[151,626,1807,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="D0C2B67AFFD9FFAAF5EFD742AD76F8DF" bold="true" box="[151,626,1807,1833]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFD9FFAAF5EFD742AD76F8DF" ID-CoL="8BWGC" authority="Grimshaw, 1901" authorityName="Grimshaw" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,626,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanaiensis">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFD9FFAAF5EFD742AD76F8DF" bold="true" box="[151,626,1807,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFD9FFAAF5EFD742AE9BF8DF" bold="true" box="[151,415,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Drosophila lanaiensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CE7FFD9FFAAF4DFD742AD76F8DF" author="Grimshaw" box="[423,626,1807,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Grimshaw, P. H. (1901) Diptera. Fauna Hawaiiensis, 3 (1), 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="1901">Grimshaw, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFD9FFAAF5EFD77FAFDCF8BC" blockId="14.[151,626,1807,1866]" box="[151,216,1842,1866]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<figureCitation id="130E1D93FFD9FFAAF5EFD77FAFDCF8BC" box="[151,216,1842,1866]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1966,1989]" captionTargetBox="[171,1375,195,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[171,1376,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Drosophila lanaiensis. A. Right front leg of Lāna‘i male, anterior view. B. Male wing. C. Wing of type female (Lāna‘i) in BMNH. D. Wing of recent female from ‘ Īao Valley, Maui." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215227/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFD9FFAAF5EFD737AE49F83B" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFD9FFAAF5EFD737AE49F83B" blockId="14.[151,1437,1914,1998]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB252638FFD9FFAAF5EFD737AE49F83B" infered="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFD9FFAAF5EFD737AD42F866" ID-CoL="8BWGC" authority="Grimshaw, 1901:60" authorityName="Grimshaw" authorityPageNumber="60" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,582,1914,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanaiensis">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFD9FFAAF5EFD737AE72F866" box="[151,374,1914,1936]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Drosophila lanaiensis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A942707FFD9FFAAF404D737AD42F866" author="Grimshaw" box="[380,582,1914,1936]" page="60" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1901">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CE7FFD9FFAAF404D737AD23F866" author="Grimshaw" box="[380,551,1914,1936]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Grimshaw, P. H. (1901) Diptera. Fauna Hawaiiensis, 3 (1), 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="1901">Grimshaw, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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:60
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFD9FFAAF729D736AD87F866" box="[593,643,1915,1936]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type</typeStatus>
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Ƥ, Lāna‘i,
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<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFD9FFAAF78FD736AC4FF866" box="[759,843,1914,1936]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="ft" value="2000.0">2,000 ft</quantity>
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.,
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<date id="FF8B27D6FFD9FFAAF621D737ACABF866" box="[857,943,1914,1936]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1893-12">xii.1893</date>
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, R.C.L. Perkins, BMNH.
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<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFD9FFAAF5EFD7D4ADC6F859" authority="Hardy and Kaneshiro, 1968:234" authorityName="Hardy and Kaneshiro" authorityPageNumber="234" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,706,1945,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgulata">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFD9FFAAF5EFD7D4AE6AF859" box="[151,366,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Drosophila virgulata</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A942707FFD9FFAAF40FD7D4ADC6F859" author="Hardy" box="[375,706,1945,1967]" page="234" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1968">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CE7FFD9FFAAF40FD7D4AD92F859" author="Hardy" box="[375,662,1945,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Hardy, D. E. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1968) New picture-winged Drosophila from Hawaii. University of Texas Publications, 6816, 171 - 262." type="journal article" year="1968">Hardy and Kaneshiro, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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:234
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<specimenCount id="9D33CA9FFFD9FFAAF7B7D7D4AC10F859" box="[719,788,1945,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">
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236
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFD9FFAAF678D7D7AC10F859" bold="true" box="[768,788,1946,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n.</emphasis>
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</specimenCount>
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syn.
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<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFD9FFAAF629D7D4ACABF859" box="[849,943,1945,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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3, Maui, Waikamoi,
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<date id="FF8B27D6FFD9FFAAF1EED7D4AA00F859" box="[1174,1284,1945,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1966-09-22">22.ix.1966</date>
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, J. P. Murphy. BPBM 8921.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF4A519EFFD8FFABF5EFD7E3AC5DF815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215227/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[171,1375,195,1904]" targetPageId="15">
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFD8FFABF5EFD7E3AC5DF815" blockId="15.[151,1436,1966,2019]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFD8FFABF5EFD7E3AE10F832" bold="true" box="[151,276,1966,1989]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFD8FFABF464D7E2AEFAF833" box="[284,510,1967,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanaiensis">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFD8FFABF464D7E2AEFAF833" box="[284,510,1967,1989]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Drosophila lanaiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A. Right front leg of Lāna‘i male, anterior view. B. Male wing. C. Wing of type female (Lāna‘i) in BMNH. D. Wing of recent female from ‘Īao Valley, Maui.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFC7FFB4F5EFD0DAADEBFEC9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFC7FFB4F5EFD0DAADEBFEC9" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F5EFD0DAAE15FF46" bold="true" box="[151,273,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The wing and body coloration patterns resemble others in this species complex, including
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<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC7FFB4F063D0D4AA98FF46" box="[1307,1436,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digressa">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F063D0D4AA98FF46" box="[1307,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. digressa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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of Hawai‘i, to which it is closest, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC7FFB4F739D0F0AD92FF22" box="[577,662,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moli">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F739D0F0AD92FF22" box="[577,662,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. moli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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of O‘ahu. It is externally almost identical to the former except in the usually darker coloration of the anterior wing mark and median mesonotal stripe; the latter is distinguishable by the pointed wings and more extensive front leg setation of the male, and L-shaped mark on the dm-cu crossvein in both sexes (compare
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<figureCitation id="130E1D93FFC7FFB4F433D16AAE93FEC9" box="[331,407,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1966,1989]" captionTargetBox="[171,1375,195,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[171,1376,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Drosophila lanaiensis. A. Right front leg of Lāna‘i male, anterior view. B. Male wing. C. Wing of type female (Lāna‘i) in BMNH. D. Wing of recent female from ‘ Īao Valley, Maui." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215227/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="130E1D93FFC7FFB4F4B6D16AAEDBFEC9" box="[462,479,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1587,1610]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,377,1565]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,375,1565]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 4. Drosophila moli. A. Right front leg of male, anterior view. B. Male wing. C. Female wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215228/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4</figureCitation>
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). See Discussion below.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFC7FFB4F5B1D106AEAAFB06" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFC7FFB4F5B1D106AFC4FB96" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F5B1D106AE5FFE92" bold="true" box="[201,347,331,356]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description.</emphasis>
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Male.
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F4D6D101AEF1FE92" bold="true" box="[430,501,332,356]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Head.</emphasis>
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Front pale, faintly tinged with brown; ocellar triangle black. Fronto-orbital setae normal, anterior reclinate very small, about half as long as the proclinate and one-third as long as the posterior reclinate. Face and gena pale yellow except for a small black spot below the eye. Antenna with the second segment brown, third segment dirty yellow; arista with about 6–8 dorsal and 3 ventral rays in addition to the apical fork, and several rather long median branches. One strong oral vibrissa, followed posteriorly by several smaller setae, with numerous small setulae in between them. Palp largely yellow, slightly darker at the tip, nearly cylindrical; with a long, thin, yellow-brown apical seta.
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F736D269ADA9FDCA" bold="true" box="[590,685,548,572]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Thorax.</emphasis>
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Mesonotum largely yellow with three strongly contrasting dark brown to black stripes; lateral stripes dark, extending from the anterior margin of the humeri nearly to the scutellum; median stripe often fainter, broadening between the dorsocentral setae to fill the space between them, and extending onto the scutellum. Pleura almost entirely yellow except for a large dark mark on the posterior half of the anepisternum. Two pairs of strong dorsocentral setae, the anterior about 2/3 as long as the posterior.
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F184D2F9AA3FFD3A" bold="true" box="[1276,1339,692,716]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Legs.</emphasis>
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Entirely yellow, with faint tinges of brown at apices of femora and both ends of hind tibiae. Front tibia with anterodorsal and posterodorsal rows of 6–8 long cilia each along its entire length, slightly longer and more tightly clustered at the base; spacing irregular, often with large gaps. Front basitarsus with 7–11 dorsal cilia arranged in one or two irregular rows, similar to those of the tibia. Second and third tarsal segments also with 2–3 cilia.
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F1B2D30EAA18FCAA" bold="true" box="[1226,1308,835,860]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Wings.</emphasis>
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Shape normal, about three times as long as wide, rounded or only weakly pointed at apex. Subbasal wing spot small, scarcely reaching into cell R2. Anterior mark elongate, extending along about 1/3 the length of the wing; connected to the hourglass-shaped mark on the dm-cu crossvein via a small circular mark over R2+3. Apical marks confluent or nearly so. Costal fringe extending about 1/2 the distance between apex of R2+3 and R4+5.
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F11ED394ABE6FC04" bold="true" box="[1126,1250,985,1010]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Abdomen.</emphasis>
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Coloration variable, from each segment predominantly yellow with only a narrow posterior band dark brown, to predominantly brown with yellow anterolateral areas. Cerci yellow-brown. Parameres of aedegus each with a very short apical setula.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFC7FFB4F5B1D421AEAAFB06" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Female. Identical to the male with the following exceptions.
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F616D420ACB1FB73" bold="true" box="[878,949,1133,1157]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Head.</emphasis>
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Third antennal segment brown. Apical seta of palp shorter, stronger, black.
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F481D4DCAD5CFB5F" bold="true" box="[505,600,1169,1193]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Thorax.</emphasis>
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Median stripe of mesonotum broader on the anterior half and dark, similar to the lateral stripes.
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F4FCD4F8AEC7FB3B" bold="true" box="[388,451,1205,1229]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Legs.</emphasis>
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Front legs without elongate cilia or setae.
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F6DFD4F9AB27FB3B" bold="true" box="[935,1059,1204,1229]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Abdomen.</emphasis>
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Ovipositor long, straight, brown, pointed vertically at rest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFC7FFB4F5B1D4B1AB70FA52" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFC7FFB4F5B1D4B1AB70FA52" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F5B1D4B1AED5FAE3" bold="true" box="[201,465,1276,1301]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material examined. L</emphasis>
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ā
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F4A6D4B1AD09FAE3" bold="true" box="[478,525,1276,1301]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">na‘i</emphasis>
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: 2
|
||
<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFC7FFB4F74ED4B0AD89FAE3" box="[566,653,1277,1301]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
Ƥ, Lāna‘i,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFC7FFB4F66DD4B1AC77FAE2" box="[789,883,1276,1300]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="ft" value="2000.0">2,000 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFC7FFB4F6FED4B1ACE1FAE2" box="[902,997,1276,1300]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1893-12">xii.1893</date>
|
||
, R.C.L. Perkins (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2499D3FFC7FFB4F1D5D4B1AA07FAE2" box="[1197,1283,1276,1300]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2499D3FFC7FFB4F046D4B1AA95FAE2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[1342,1425,1276,1300]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
). 13, ravine by Hi‘i well,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFC7FFB4F4CAD56DAD4CFACE" box="[434,584,1312,1336]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="20.81395">20° 48.837'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFC7FFB4F729D56DADF8FACE" box="[593,764,1312,1336]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="-156.87953">156° 52.772'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, A. & M. Hoikkala and S.L. Montgomery. Identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC7FFB4F0F9D56CAE54FAAB" authority="Maui" authorityName="Maui" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F0F9D56CAE02FAAA" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. virgulata:</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F468D509AE54FAAB" bold="true" box="[272,336,1348,1373]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Maui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFC7FFB4F41AD509AECEFAAA" box="[354,458,1348,1372]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
3 and allotype Ƥ, Waikamoi,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFC7FFB4F64ED509ACB5FAAA" box="[822,945,1348,1372]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1966-09-22">22.ix.1966</date>
|
||
, J.P. Murphy, J31C1. 13, ‘Īao Valley,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFC7FFB4F00DD509AFFFFA76" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="20.88525">20° 53.115'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFC7FFB4F470D525AEB3FA76" box="[264,439,1384,1408]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="-156.54395">156° 32.637'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFC7FFB4F4BFD525AD46FA76" box="[455,578,1384,1408]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2010-03-10">10.iii.2010</date>
|
||
, S.L. Montgomery. 1Ƥ, Makawao Forest Reserve nr. reservoir,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFC7FFB4F041D525AA97FA76" box="[1337,1427,1384,1408]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8392" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="ft" value="2900.0">2900 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFC7FFB4F5EFD5C1AE00FA52" box="[151,260,1420,1444]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="20.829">20.829°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFC7FFB4F472D5C1AE8FFA52" box="[266,395,1420,1444]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="-156.272">156.272°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFC7FFB4F4EED5C1AD15FA52" box="[406,529,1420,1444]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2010-03-11">11.iii.2010</date>
|
||
, D. Kapan. 23 3Ƥ, Waikapū Valley,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFC7FFB4F6D6D5C1AB1BFA52" box="[942,1055,1420,1444]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2011-10-15">15.x.2011</date>
|
||
, KNM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFC7FFB4F5B1D5FDAD1FFA1A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFC7FFB4F5B1D5FDAD1FFA1A" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F5B1D5FDAEFCFA3F" bold="true" box="[201,504,1456,1481]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Maui and Lāna‘i; probably occurs on Moloka‘i or formerly did. Breeds in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC7FFB4F022D5FDAFF0FA1A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Charpentiera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F022D5FDAFF0FA1A" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Charpentiera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(pāpala,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC7FFB4F423D599AD0BFA1A" box="[347,527,1492,1516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFC7FFB5F5B1D5B5AB7DFEEA" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFC7FFB5F5B1D5B5AB7DFEEA" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2021]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F5B1D5B5AE4AF9E7" bold="true" box="[201,334,1528,1553]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
The recent collection of a male of this species from Lāna‘i has finally allowed proper assignment of this name. The original description mentions a series of five females, but only one is present at the Natural History Museum (London). It is missing its head but otherwise in reasonably good condition. Another is at the Bishop Museum and is in good condition; I have examined both of these, the latter in person and the former in photographs, and they are identical.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CE7FFC7FFB4F779D6C5AD98F956" author="Hardy" box="[513,668,1672,1696]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1965) Insects of Hawaii vol. 12. Diptera: Cyclorrhapha II, Series Schizophora, Section Acalypterae I. Family Drosophilidae. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 814 pp." type="book" year="1965">Hardy (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC7FFB4F654D6C4ACC0F956" box="[812,964,1672,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F654D6C4ACC0F956" box="[812,964,1672,1696]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. lanaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
conspecific with specimens from O‘ahu (described below as a new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC7FFB4F75DD6E0AD7EF932" box="[549,634,1708,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F75DD6E0AD7EF932" box="[549,634,1708,1732]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. moli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Examination of the wing pattern shows that it instead matches
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC7FFB4F02AD6E0AFDBF91E" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F02AD6E0AFDBF91E" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. virgulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from Maui; most obviously, the mark over the dm-cu crossvein is hourglass-shaped instead of Lshaped as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC7FFB4F452D6B8AE84F8FA" box="[298,384,1780,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F452D6B8AE84F8FA" box="[298,384,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. moli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The recent male specimen also matches
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC7FFB4F621D6B8ACE6F8FA" box="[857,994,1780,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F621D6B8ACE6F8FA" box="[857,994,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. virgulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in wing pattern, wing shape, and front leg setation. Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC7FFB4F4DCD755AC8DF8C6" authority="Hardy and Kaneshiro" authorityName="Hardy and Kaneshiro" box="[420,905,1816,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F4DCD755AD95F8C6" box="[420,657,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Drosophila virgulata</emphasis>
|
||
Hardy and Kaneshiro
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reduced to a new junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC7FFB4F035D754AD1CF8A2" authority="Grimshaw. While" authorityName="Grimshaw. While" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F035D754AE4EF8A2" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Drosophila lanaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
Grimshaw. While
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there are distinct differences in the wings and legs between the present species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC7FFB4F5BFD72CAE18F88E" box="[199,284,1888,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F5BFD72CAE18F88E" box="[199,284,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. moli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is nearly identical to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC7FFB4F756D72CADAAF88E" box="[558,686,1888,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F756D72CADAAF88E" box="[558,686,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. digressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Hawai‘i—in fact, the only consistent character separating them is the much longer seta of the aedeagal paramere (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E1D93FFC7FFB4F788D7C9AC35F86A" box="[752,817,1924,1948]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1678,1701]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1657]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,813,1657]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Drosophila nukea. A. Right front leg of male, anterior view. B. Wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215229/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFC7FFB4F65BD7C9AC35F86A" box="[803,817,1924,1948]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="5.0">5</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
in Kaneshiro, 1969) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC7FFB4F142D7C8ABBEF86A" box="[1082,1210,1924,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F142D7C8ABBEF86A" box="[1082,1210,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. digressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The latter typically has the anterior wing mark and median mesonotal stripe paler, but these are not consistent and dark individuals look externally almost identical to typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC7FFB4F714D780ADFBF812" box="[620,767,1996,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC7FFB4F714D780ADFBF812" box="[620,767,1996,2020]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. lanaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, they exhibit a high degree of mitochondrial gene sequence divergence—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC6FFB5F4E6D0D4AD31FF46" box="[414,565,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC6FFB5F4E6D0D4AD31FF46" box="[414,565,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. lanaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 5.9% (Lāna‘i) to 6.5% (Maui) different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC6FFB5F114D0D4ABEBFF46" box="[1132,1263,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC6FFB5F114D0D4ABEBFF46" box="[1132,1263,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. digressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the 5' cytochrome oxidase I (COI) region, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC6FFB5F72AD0F0ADEDFF22" box="[594,745,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC6FFB5F72AD0F0ADEDFF22" box="[594,745,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. lanaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Lāna‘i and Maui differ from each other by only 0.7% (unpubl. data)—indicating a long history of separation between Maui Nui and Hawai‘i populations, and exchange or recent vicariance between Maui and Lāna‘i. Thus, they are maintained as two species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |