298 lines
41 KiB
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298 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="B5620F56AA00F69A1A45FF2865C2A1BD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4532815" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4532815" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612994315425" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Austin, George T." docDate="2008" docId="038E87A6131EA613FF21C5F675A4FE1E" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2008.0029.1-36.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2008 (29)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A87B5EC635B7D5A430FC1D805C706BD1.3:InsectaMundi.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="A87B5EC635B7D5A430FC1D805C706BD1" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Dyscophellus porsena Bell 1934" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FFB7FFDE1306A609FFE1C0537108FFE5" masterDocTitle="Hesperiidae of Rondônia, Brazil: Taxonomic comments on “ night ” skippers, with descriptions of new genera and species (Lepidoptera: Eudaminae)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698870362738" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D1BDCAE3C44836B4FCF876370C1257FC">
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<mods:title id="087199970D2EC55CF77E48829E6CD595">Hesperiidae of Rondônia, Brazil: Taxonomic comments on “ night ” skippers, with descriptions of new genera and species (Lepidoptera: Eudaminae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="90B3AD11531E21DFED0371E2780822F3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="380DAE7C38E7CB4685F89520A0959DDE">Austin, George T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F8F7B6DA246464096E12BC56C801692E">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida P. O. Box 112710, Gainesville, Florida 32611</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B1E51ED2BD6B7E6F50B42654231F1683">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DF2BE91E43F4AF13902A0D016E500DF3">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4EA572109B4FB40A9D4238B43F4E10E6">
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<mods:date id="E6450358168EE82D412A853D0E14D285">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="64A8E497AB2929059E0102B3F9446246">2008-03-03</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="874F946DA6FCC6B0B6746747FCD247B3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="156E6C2D4105B7285DB6746893F8C23C">2008</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="CE351E1B75CBB4C60891F7ADDBED67CA" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="68E8094F327213CA9AB4F5AA1C57C193">29</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C481CF2C149E15768AA213758FD9777F">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="13584024FF8F0153D79037A730870D42">36</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="EB8A4C955DE962D64DF18CADBF2EF04A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4532815</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="537C9AAC5D8C5DAEB4DCC9A003DF8818" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FEA3736A19AA51AC84F19E58C15DBB73" type="Zenodo-Dep">4532815</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038E87A6131EA613FF21C5F675A4FE1E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87A6131EA613FF21C5F675A4FE1E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87A6131EA613FF21C5F675A4FE1E" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="C33D653B131EA611FF21C5F67268FA5E" box="[192,864,1443,1468]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9836B0131EA611FF21C5F67268FA5E" blockId="24.[192,864,1443,1468]" box="[192,864,1443,1468]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="D0D081DC131EA611FF21C5F67268FA5E" bold="true" box="[192,864,1443,1468]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B953EAA2131EA611FF21C5F67268FA5E" bold="true" box="[192,864,1443,1468]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131EA611FF21C5F67366FA5E" ID-CoL="9B3KG" authority="Bell, 1934" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1934" box="[192,622,1443,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porsena">
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<emphasis id="B953EAA2131EA611FF21C5F670EEFA59" bold="true" box="[192,486,1445,1468]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Dyscophellus porsena</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131EA611FE0AC5F07366FA5E" author="Bell, E. L." box="[491,622,1443,1467]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="89 - 96" refId="ref18787" refString="Bell, E. L. 1934. New American Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29: 89 - 96." type="journal article" year="1934">Bell, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, reinstated status
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D653B131EA611FF21C59070CCFA3E" box="[192,452,1475,1499]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9836B0131EA611FF21C59070CCFA3E" blockId="24.[192,452,1475,1499]" box="[192,452,1475,1499]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131C2A35131EA611FF28C5907042FA3E" box="[201,330,1475,1499]" captionStart="Figure 62-73" captionStartId="13.[192,275,1563,1585]" captionTargetBox="[198,1435,196,1530]" captionTargetId="figure-178@13.[193,1444,192,1539]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 62-73. Pseudonascus, Dyscophellus, and Nascus (from BRAZIL: Rondônia, unless noted otherwise; dorsum and venter of same specimens). 62, 65) P. paulliniae male, Fazenda Rancho Grande, 16 Nov 1994. 63, 66) D. ramon male, COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Prov.; Playa Herradura, 20 Sep 1987. 64, 67) N. salon salon male, Fazenda Rancho Grande, 5 Dec 1991. 68, 71) P. paulliniae female, 5 km S of Cacaulândia, 12 Apr 1995. 69, 72) D. porsena male, Fazenda Rancho Grande, 16 Nov 1994. 70, 73) D. ramon female, COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Prov.; 1.1 km N Tarcoles, 20 Sep 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4532833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4532833/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Fig. 69, 72</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131C2A35131EA611FEB4C590708CFA3E" box="[341,388,1475,1499]" captionStart="Figure 98-103" captionStartId="23.[192,276,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[193,1443,186,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-14@23.[193,1443,186,1752]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 98-103. Male genitalia of Dyscophellus (from BRAZIL: Rondônia, unless noted otherwise). Structures shown are lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of tegumen, uncus, gnathos, and associated structures; lateral internal view of right valva; lateral view of aedeagus and associated structures; and ventral view of transtilla and juxta. 98) D. porcius porcius (GTA #3419). 99) D. erythras (GTA #1787). 100) D. diaphorus (GTA #3916). 101) D. mielkei (GTA #2879). 102) D. ramon (GTA #3363), COSTA RICA. 103) D. porsena (GTA #3204)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4532849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4532849/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">103</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131C2A35131EA611FE6FC59070B3FA3E" box="[398,443,1475,1499]" captionStart="Figure 125-130" captionStartId="32.[192,276,1641,1663]" captionTargetBox="[222,1441,235,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-21@32.[195,1443,234,1635]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 125-130. Phenology of some night skippers from central Rondônia, Brazil. 125-126) Bungalotis species. 127) Dyscophellus species. 128) Salatis salatisand Sarmientoia similis. 129) Nicephellus nicephorus and Euriphellus euribates. 130) Pseudonascus paulliniae and Nascus species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4532867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4532867/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">127</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D653B131EA611FF21C65072CCF9DE" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9836B0131EA611FF21C6507334F9FE" blockId="24.[192,964,1539,1595]" box="[192,572,1539,1563]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131EA611FF21C6507334F9FE" authority="Bell, 1934" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1934" box="[192,572,1539,1563]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Discophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porsena">
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<emphasis id="B953EAA2131EA611FF21C65070C8F9FE" box="[192,448,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Discophellus porsena</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131EA611FE25C6507334F9FE" author="Bell, E. L." box="[452,572,1539,1563]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="89 - 96" refId="ref18787" refString="Bell, E. L. 1934. New American Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29: 89 - 96." type="journal article" year="1934">Bell, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836B0131EA611FF21C67072CCF9DE" blockId="24.[192,964,1539,1595]" box="[192,964,1571,1595]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131EA611FF21C6707220F9DE" ID-CoL="5GZXJ" authority="(Hewitson, 1876)" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[192,808,1571,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ramusis" subSpecies="astrapaeus">
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<emphasis id="B953EAA2131EA611FF21C670735BF9DE" box="[192,595,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Dyscophellus ramusis astrapaeus</emphasis>
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(Hewitson, 1876)
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131EA611FCD1C67772CCF9DE" author="Evans, W. H." box="[816,964,1571,1595]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" refId="ref19451" refString="Evans, W. H. 1952. A Catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Part II (Groups B, C, D), Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History); London. 178 p." type="book" year="1952">Evans, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D653B131EA613FF11C63075A4FE1E" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9836B0131EA611FF11C63073FEF95E" blockId="24.[192,1440,1635,1884]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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The dorsal color of male
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131EA611FDC4C63773A3F99E" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1934" box="[549,683,1636,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Discophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porsena">
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<emphasis id="B953EAA2131EA611FDC4C63773A3F99E" box="[549,683,1636,1659]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">D. porsena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(mean FW length =
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<quantity id="4CDF9B55131EA611FC4EC6307513F99E" box="[943,1051,1635,1659]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.77" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="27.7">27.7 mm</quantity>
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[26.7-29.0, n = 7]) in
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<collectingRegion id="49E3F852131EA611FACBC63074A8F99E" box="[1322,1440,1635,1659]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Rondônia</collectingRegion>
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varies from brown to red-brown. The macules on the ventral hindwing vary as do those of
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131EA611FB18C6D77491F97E" baseAuthorityName="Mabille and Boullet" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1273,1433,1667,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diaphorus">
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<emphasis id="B953EAA2131EA611FB18C6D77491F97E" box="[1273,1433,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">D. diaphorus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Male genitalia are as illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131EA611FD8DC6F073FBF95E" author="Bell, E. L." box="[620,755,1699,1723]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="89 - 96" refId="ref18787" refString="Bell, E. L. 1934. New American Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29: 89 - 96." type="journal article" year="1934">Bell (1934)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836B0131EA613FF11C69070ACFF1E" blockId="24.[192,1440,1635,1884]" lastBlockId="26.[192,1440,195,507]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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The relationships of the taxa included by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131EA611FD12C697729EF93E" author="Evans, W. H." box="[755,918,1731,1755]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" refId="ref19451" refString="Evans, W. H. 1952. A Catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Part II (Groups B, C, D), Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History); London. 178 p." type="book" year="1952">Evans (1952)</bibRefCitation>
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and Mielke (2004, 2005) as subspecies (or synonyms) of
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131EA611FE8CC6B0733DF91E" box="[365,565,1763,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramusis">
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<emphasis id="B953EAA2131EA611FE8CC6B0733DF91E" box="[365,565,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Papilio ramusis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, including
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131EA611FD22C6B07592F91E" authority="Hewitson, 1876" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1876" box="[707,1178,1763,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eudamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astrapaeus">
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<emphasis id="B953EAA2131EA611FD22C6B072C3F91E" box="[707,971,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Eudamus astrapaeus</emphasis>
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Hewitson, 1876
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131EA611FB46C6B77045F8FE" authority="Plotz, 1882" authorityName="Plotz" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Netrocoryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damias">
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<emphasis id="B953EAA2131EA611FB46C6B774A8F91E" box="[1191,1440,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Netrocoryne damias</emphasis>
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Plötz, 1882
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131EA611FEB8C75073EDF8FE" authority="Bell, 1934" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1934" box="[345,741,1795,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Discophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porsena">
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<emphasis id="B953EAA2131EA611FEB8C7507356F8FE" box="[345,606,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Discophellus porsena</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131EA611FD84C75073EDF8FE" author="Bell, E. L." box="[613,741,1795,1819]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="89 - 96" refId="ref18787" refString="Bell, E. L. 1934. New American Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29: 89 - 96." type="journal article" year="1934">Bell, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131EA611FCC7C7507585F8FE" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[806,1165,1795,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ramusis" subSpecies="ramon">
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<emphasis id="B953EAA2131EA611FCC7C7507585F8FE" box="[806,1165,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Dyscophellus ramusis ramon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, need to be examined. The morphologies of the valvae of these taxa, as indicated by descriptions and figures (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131EA611FB55C770742FF8DE" author="Bell, E. L." box="[1204,1319,1827,1851]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="89 - 96" refId="ref18787" refString="Bell, E. L. 1934. New American Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29: 89 - 96." type="journal article" year="1934">Bell 1934</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131EA611FAD1C77071F5F8BE" author="Hayward, K. J." pageId="24" pageNumber="23" refId="ref19607" refString="Hayward, K. J. 1948. Insecta, Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera), familia Hesperiidarum, subfamiliae Pyrrhopyginarum et Pyrginarum. Vol. 1. In: H. R. Descole (ed.). Genera et Species Animalium Argentinorum. Guillermo Kraft; Buenos Aires. 389 p." type="book" year="1948">Hayward 1948</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131EA611FEE6C717709FF8BE" author="Evans, W. H." box="[263,407,1859,1883]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" refId="ref19451" refString="Evans, W. H. 1952. A Catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Part II (Groups B, C, D), Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History); London. 178 p." type="book" year="1952">Evans 1952</bibRefCitation>
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), show differences as great as those between unquestionably recognized species within
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FF21C693706AF93D" box="[192,354,1728,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FF21C693706AF93D" box="[192,354,1728,1752]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Dyscophellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Wing shape and colors differ (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131FA610FD3CC6937266F93D" author="Evans, W. H." box="[733,878,1728,1752]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" refId="ref19451" refString="Evans, W. H. 1952. A Catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Part II (Groups B, C, D), Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History); London. 178 p." type="book" year="1952">Evans 1952</bibRefCitation>
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) and both
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FC0EC692756BF93D" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[1007,1123,1729,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramon">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FC0EC692756BF93D" box="[1007,1123,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">D. ramon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FB7EC6927416F93D" authorityName="Plotz" authorityYear="1882" box="[1183,1310,1728,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Netrocoryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damias">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FB7EC6927416F93D" box="[1183,1310,1728,1752]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">D. damias</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have been treated as full species (e.g.,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131FA610FDE8C6B373A3F91D" author="Bridges, C. A." box="[521,683,1760,1784]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" refId="ref18914" refString="Bridges, C. A. 1988. Catalogue of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Published by the author; Urbana. 443 p." type="book" year="1988">Bridges 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, Warren 2000).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131FA610FC88C6B2750FF91D" author="Evans, W. H." box="[873,1031,1760,1784]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" refId="ref19451" refString="Evans, W. H. 1952. A Catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Part II (Groups B, C, D), Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History); London. 178 p." type="book" year="1952">Evans (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
provisionally included
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FAFEC6B274A8F91D" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1934" box="[1311,1440,1761,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Discophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porsena">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FAFEC6B274A8F91D" box="[1311,1440,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">D. porsena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FE67C7527340F8FD" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[390,584,1793,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ramusis" subSpecies="astrapaeus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FE67C7527340F8FD" box="[390,584,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">D. r. astrapaeus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. This is incorrect since not only do the genitalia differ from that taxon, its color is different: “ochreous brown” (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131FA610FD73C7737217F8DD" author="Evans, W. H." box="[658,799,1824,1848]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" refId="ref19451" refString="Evans, W. H. 1952. A Catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Part II (Groups B, C, D), Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History); London. 178 p." type="book" year="1952">Evans 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FCB5C772751AF8DD" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[852,1042,1825,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ramusis" subSpecies="astrapaeus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FCB5C772751AF8DD" box="[852,1042,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">D. r. astrapaeus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and “rusty-red” (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131FA610FB3FC7737447F8DD" author="Bell, E. L." box="[1246,1359,1824,1848]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="89 - 96" refId="ref18787" refString="Bell, E. L. 1934. New American Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29: 89 - 96." type="journal article" year="1934">Bell 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FA65C7727029F8BD" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1934" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Discophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porsena">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FA65C7727029F8BD" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">D. porsena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Also,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FE93C71270FDF8BD" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1934" box="[370,501,1857,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Discophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porsena">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FE93C71270FDF8BD" box="[370,501,1857,1880]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">D. porsena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
occurs in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3307620131FA610FD8FC71273A2F8BD" box="[622,682,1857,1880]" name="Peru" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
|
and western
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3307620131FA610FCAFC7137295F8BD" box="[846,925,1856,1880]" name="Brazil" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|
, within the distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FB05C7127464F8BD" baseAuthorityName="Stoll" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[1252,1388,1857,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramusis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FB05C7127464F8BD" box="[1252,1388,1857,1880]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">D. ramusis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and away from that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FE48C732737AF89D" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[425,626,1889,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ramusis" subSpecies="astrapaeus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FE48C732737AF89D" box="[425,626,1889,1912]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">D. r. astrapaeus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in northern South America (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131FA610FC3EC733757DF89D" author="Evans, W. H." box="[991,1141,1888,1912]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" refId="ref19451" refString="Evans, W. H. 1952. A Catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Part II (Groups B, C, D), Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History); London. 178 p." type="book" year="1952">Evans 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, Mielke 1973,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131FA613FACDC73370A5FF3E" author="Cock, M. J. & S. Alston-Smith" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="25 - 35" refId="ref19128" refString="Cock, M. J., and S. Alston-Smith. 1990. The skipper butterflies (Hesperiidae) of Trinidad. Part 6: Pyrgine, genera group D. Living World 1989 / 1990: 25 - 35." type="journal article" year="1990">Cock and Alston-Smith 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). For these reasons,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131CA613FD4DC0977238FF3E" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1934" box="[684,816,196,219]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Discophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porsena">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131CA613FD4DC0977238FF3E" box="[684,816,196,219]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">D. porsena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is here raised from synonymy and recognized as a species-level taxon.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF586638131FA610FF21C65E7097F972" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4532853" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4532853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4532853/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" startId="25.[192,276,1549,1571]" targetBox="[196,1432,196,1522]" targetPageId="25">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9836B0131FA610FF21C65E7097F972" blockId="25.[192,1441,1549,1687]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FF21C65E7088F9C7" bold="true" box="[192,384,1549,1571]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Figure 104-110.</emphasis>
|
|
Female genitalia (ventral view) of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FCF9C65E72A3F9C7" box="[792,939,1549,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FCF9C65E72A3F9C7" box="[792,939,1549,1570]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Dyscophellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FC06C65D757AF9C6" authorityName="Berg" authorityYear="1897" box="[999,1138,1550,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Sarmientoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FC06C65D757AF9C6" box="[999,1138,1550,1571]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Sarmientoia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(from BRAZIL: Rondônia, unless noted otherwise).
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FE2EC679730AF9A5" bold="true" box="[463,514,1578,1600]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">104)</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FDE6C6787391F9DA" box="[519,665,1578,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eudamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phraxanor">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FDE6C6787391F9DA" box="[519,665,1578,1600]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">D. phraxanor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, ECUADOR (GTA #7210).
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FC21C67972FBF9A5" bold="true" box="[960,1011,1578,1600]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">105)</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FC16C67875B4F9A5" authority="porcius" box="[1015,1212,1579,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="porcius" subSpecies="porcius">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FC16C67875B4F9A5" box="[1015,1212,1579,1600]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">D. porcius porcius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, COSTA RICA (GTA #7201).
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FEFBC6147045F9B8" bold="true" box="[282,333,1607,1629]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">106)</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FEB5C61470EEF9B9" box="[340,486,1607,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FEB5C61470EEF9B9" box="[340,486,1607,1628]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Dyscophellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FDFFC61B73A9F9B9" baseAuthorityName="Stoll" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[542,673,1607,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sebaldus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FDFFC61B73A9F9B9" box="[542,673,1607,1629]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">D. sebaldus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
?), COSTA RICA (GTA #7205).
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FBE3C614753DF9B8" bold="true" box="[1026,1077,1607,1629]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">107)</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FBDDC61475AFF9B9" authorityName="Mielke" authorityYear="1967" box="[1084,1191,1607,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Sarmientoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FBDDC61475AFF9B9" box="[1084,1191,1607,1628]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">S. similis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(GTA #7224).
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FAADC6147477F9B8" bold="true" box="[1356,1407,1607,1629]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">108)</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FA67C61B7015F99C" baseAuthorityName="Mabille" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythras">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FA67C61B7015F99C" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">D. erythras</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(GTA #7206).
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FE5AC63070E6F99C" bold="true" box="[443,494,1635,1657]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">109)</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FE15C6377353F99C" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[500,603,1636,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramon">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FE15C6377353F99C" box="[500,603,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">D. ramon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, COSTA RICA (GTA #7208).
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FC7FC63072DAF99C" bold="true" box="[926,978,1635,1657]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">110)</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FC36C6377561F99C" box="[983,1129,1636,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FC36C6377561F99C" box="[983,1129,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Dyscophellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131FA610FB7AC6377424F99C" baseAuthorityName="Mabille and Boullet" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1179,1324,1636,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diaphorus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131FA610FB7AC6377424F99C" box="[1179,1324,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">D. diaphorus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
?), COSTA RICA (GTA #7209).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9836B0131CA613FF11C1507314FE5E" blockId="26.[192,1440,195,507]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
|
|
Also, examination of material from Central America reaffirms that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131CA613FBC4C1577591FEFE" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[1061,1177,260,283]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramon">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131CA613FBC4C1577591FEFE" box="[1061,1177,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">D. ramon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="131C2A35131CA613FB46C1507475FEFE" box="[1191,1405,259,283]" captionStart="Figure 62-73" captionStartId="13.[192,275,1563,1585]" captionTargetBox="[198,1435,196,1530]" captionTargetId="figure-178@13.[193,1444,192,1539]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 62-73. Pseudonascus, Dyscophellus, and Nascus (from BRAZIL: Rondônia, unless noted otherwise; dorsum and venter of same specimens). 62, 65) P. paulliniae male, Fazenda Rancho Grande, 16 Nov 1994. 63, 66) D. ramon male, COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Prov.; Playa Herradura, 20 Sep 1987. 64, 67) N. salon salon male, Fazenda Rancho Grande, 5 Dec 1991. 68, 71) P. paulliniae female, 5 km S of Cacaulândia, 12 Apr 1995. 69, 72) D. porsena male, Fazenda Rancho Grande, 16 Nov 1994. 70, 73) D. ramon female, COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Prov.; 1.1 km N Tarcoles, 20 Sep 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4532833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4532833/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Fig. 63, 66, 70, 73</figureCitation>
|
|
) is a distinct species as it has been treated by some authors (e.g.,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131CA613FC47C1777550FEDE" author="Freeman, H. A." box="[934,1112,291,315]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" pagination="62 - 67" refId="ref19498" refString="Freeman, H. A. 1976. New Hesperiidae records for Mexico. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 30: 62 - 67." type="journal article" year="1976">Freeman 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, de la Maza and de la Maza 1985,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131CA613FEE9C11070A3FEBE" author="Bridges, C. A." box="[264,427,323,347]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" refId="ref18914" refString="Bridges, C. A. 1988. Catalogue of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Published by the author; Urbana. 443 p." type="book" year="1988">Bridges 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, de la Maza et al. 1991, Warren 2000; see also
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131CA613FC39C11775B0FEBE" author="Janzen, D. H. & M. Hajibabaei & J. M. Burns & W. Hallwachs & E. Remigio & P. D. N. Hebert" box="[984,1208,323,347]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" pagination="1835 - 1845" refId="ref19699" refString="Janzen, D. H., M. Hajibabaei, J. M. Burns, W. Hallwachs, E. Remigio, and P. D. N. Hebert. 2005. Wedding biodiversity inventory of a large and complex Lepidoptera fauna with DNA barcoding. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 360 B: 1835 - 1845." type="journal article" year="2005">Janzen et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Its male genitalia (
|
|
<figureCitation id="131C2A35131CA613FF28C1307021FE9E" box="[201,297,355,379]" captionStart="Figure 98-103" captionStartId="23.[192,276,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[193,1443,186,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-14@23.[193,1443,186,1752]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 98-103. Male genitalia of Dyscophellus (from BRAZIL: Rondônia, unless noted otherwise). Structures shown are lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of tegumen, uncus, gnathos, and associated structures; lateral internal view of right valva; lateral view of aedeagus and associated structures; and ventral view of transtilla and juxta. 98) D. porcius porcius (GTA #3419). 99) D. erythras (GTA #1787). 100) D. diaphorus (GTA #3916). 101) D. mielkei (GTA #2879). 102) D. ramon (GTA #3363), COSTA RICA. 103) D. porsena (GTA #3204)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4532849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4532849/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Fig. 102</figureCitation>
|
|
) are quite different from those of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131CA613FD54C1377231FE9E" baseAuthorityName="Stoll" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[693,825,356,379]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramusis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EAA2131CA613FD54C1377231FE9E" box="[693,825,356,379]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">D. ramusis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(see figure in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131CA613FC3DC1377564FE9E" author="Evans, W. H." box="[988,1132,355,379]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" refId="ref19451" refString="Evans, W. H. 1952. A Catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Part II (Groups B, C, D), Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History); London. 178 p." type="book" year="1952">Evans 1952</bibRefCitation>
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). The female genitalia are also illustrated (
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<figureCitation id="131C2A35131CA613FE6BC1D070F9FE7E" box="[394,497,387,411]" captionStart="Figure 104-110" captionStartId="25.[192,276,1549,1571]" captionTargetBox="[196,1432,196,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-15@25.[192,1443,192,1522]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 104-110. Female genitalia (ventral view) of Dyscophellus and Sarmientoia (from BRAZIL: Rondônia, unless noted otherwise). 104) D. phraxanor, ECUADOR (GTA #7210). 105) D. porcius porcius, COSTA RICA (GTA #7201). 106) Dyscophellus sp. (D. sebaldus?), COSTA RICA (GTA #7205). 107) S. similis (GTA #7224). 108) D. erythras (GTA #7206). 109) D. ramon, COSTA RICA (GTA #7208). 110) Dyscophellus sp. (D. diaphorus?), COSTA RICA (GTA #7209)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4532853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4532853/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Fig. 109</figureCitation>
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). Accordingly,
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131CA613FD44C1D07548FE7E" authority="Evans, 1952" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[677,1088,387,411]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramon" status="stat. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B953EAA2131CA613FD44C1D07297FE7E" box="[677,927,387,411]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Dyscophellus ramon</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131CA613FC44C1D77548FE7E" author="Evans, W. H." box="[933,1088,387,411]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" refId="ref19451" refString="Evans, W. H. 1952. A Catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Part II (Groups B, C, D), Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History); London. 178 p." type="book" year="1952">Evans, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057D9131CA613FBABC1D775DBFE7E" box="[1098,1235,388,411]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">new status</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, is here formally raised to species-level status.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836B0131CA613FF11C19075A4FE1E" blockId="26.[192,1440,195,507]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D33131CA613FF11C19070FCFE3E" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1934" box="[240,500,451,475]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Dyscophellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porsena">
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<emphasis id="B953EAA2131CA613FF11C19070FCFE3E" box="[240,500,451,475]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Dyscophellus porsena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is uncommon in the vicinity of Cacaulândia, with records in February, April to June, and November (
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<figureCitation id="131C2A35131CA613FE2DC1B0733AFE1E" box="[460,562,483,507]" captionStart="Figure 125-130" captionStartId="32.[192,276,1641,1663]" captionTargetBox="[222,1441,235,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-21@32.[195,1443,234,1635]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 125-130. Phenology of some night skippers from central Rondônia, Brazil. 125-126) Bungalotis species. 127) Dyscophellus species. 128) Salatis salatisand Sarmientoia similis. 129) Nicephellus nicephorus and Euriphellus euribates. 130) Pseudonascus paulliniae and Nascus species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4532867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4532867/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Fig. 127</figureCitation>
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). The species was known only from
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<collectingCountry id="F3307620131CA613FC3EC1B77512FE1E" box="[991,1050,484,507]" name="Peru" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Peru</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B41131CA613FBC9C1B07597FE1E" author="Bell, E. L." box="[1064,1183,483,507]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" pagination="89 - 96" refId="ref18787" refString="Bell, E. L. 1934. New American Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29: 89 - 96." type="journal article" year="1934">Bell 1934</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |