227 lines
16 KiB
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227 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.56223" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f61aa496-eaf5-4d9a-bcc3-e93e4f71bbd8" ID-PMC="PMC7481264" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-72-43" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5243D130A7EF55F3856E1E3722F204D5" ID-PubMed="32963488" ModsDocID="1314-4049-72-43" checkinTime="1599126124911" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pykaelae, Juha, Kantelinen, Annina & Myllys, Leena" docDate="2020" docId="B82814183C085DD8A55A026F22E59110" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 72: 43-92" docOrigin="MycoKeys 72" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.56223" docTitle="Verrucaria difficilis Pykaelae & Myllys 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="5243D130A7EF55F3856E1E3722F204D5" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="5243D130A7EF55F3856E1E3722F204D5" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of Verrucaria species characterised by large spores, perithecia leaving pits in the rock and a pale thin thallus in Finland" masterLastPageNumber="92" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1668136534071" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomy of Verrucaria species characterised by large spores, perithecia leaving pits in the rock and a pale thin thallus in Finland</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pykaelae, Juha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-9310</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">juha.pykala@ymparisto.fi</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kantelinen, Annina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 7, FI- 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Myllys, Leena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 7, FI- 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9566-9473</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>72</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>43</mods:start>
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<mods:end>92</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.56223</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.56223</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-72-43</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5243D130A7EF55F3856E1E3722F204D5</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167465784" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B82814183C085DD8A55A026F22E59110" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B82814183C085DD8A55A026F22E59110" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName LSID="B8281418-3C08-5DD8-A55A-026F22E59110" authority="Pykälä & Myllys" authorityName="Pykaelae & Myllys" authorityYear="2020" class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Verrucariaceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria difficilis" order="Verrucariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="difficilis" status="sp. nov.">
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Verrucaria difficilis
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
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& Myllys
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="43">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 2. Habitus of the new Verrucaria species A V. bifurcata (holotype) B V. cavernarum (holotype) C V. difficilis (holotype) D V. fuscozonata (holotype) E V. kuusamoensis (holotype) F V. subdevergens (holotype) G V. vacillans (holotype). Scale bars: 1 mm (A-D), 0.5 mm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.72.56223.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448799" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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Species characterised by perithecia 1/4-3/4-immersed, leaving usually shallow pits, involucrellum covering half of the exciple or almost to the exciple base, ascospores (23-)25-29(-34)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(10-)11-12(-13) mm, morphologically rather similar to the other Finnish species of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="V. subtilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="subtilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. subtilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex, but the sequence divergence in ITS 1.7-2.6%.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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Finland, Varsinais-Suomi, Karkkila, Haavisto, 100 m S of E-part of Iitalammi, S-slope, clear cut herb-rich forest, on calcareous stone,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.516666">60°31'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="24.383333">24°23'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 123 m alt., 7 June 2008 J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
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32687 (H9205096, GenBank accession number: MT229742).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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Prothallus absent. Thallus white or grey, inconspicuous, endolithic to thinly epilithic, continuous to irregularly rimose, ca. 20-80 mm thick, algal cells 5-7(-8) mm. Perithecia 0.18-0.36 mm in diam., 1/4-3/4(-1)-immersed, leaving shallow to more rarely deep pits in the rock, often thinly thalline covered except apex; 60-160 perithecia/cm2. Ostiole inconspicuous, tiny, pale to usually dark, plane or depressed, ca. 20-30 mm wide. Involucrellum covering half of the exciple or almost to the exciple base, 40-70 mm thick, appressed to the exciple or slightly or moderately diverging from it. Exciple 0.16-0.28 mm in diam., wall dark brown, ca. 20-25 mm thick. Periphysoids (20-)25-35(-40)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-2.5 mm, some branching. Asci 77-101
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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23-28 mm, 8-spored. Ascospores (22.7-)25.1-27.0-28.9(-33.6)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(9.6-)10.6-11.4-12.3(-13.3) (n = 78), perispore 1 mm thick.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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Four sequenced specimens occur: two from SW Finland and two from NE Finland. The species grows on calcareous rocks and in lime quarries, on walls, boulders, stones and pebbles.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pykaelae & Myllys" authorityYear="2020" class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria difficilis" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="difficilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Verrucaria difficilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may prefer half-shady habitats. The species is rare, but may also have been overlooked due to its morphological similarity to several other species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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The species may be mixed up with several other species of
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<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Verrucaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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Finland, Koillismaa, Kuusamo, Oulanka National Park,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kiutaköngäs">Kiutakoengaes</normalizedToken>
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400 m N,
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus sylvestris" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-dominated forest, small dolomite rock outcrop, SW-slope, on pebbles, 165 m alt.,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="66.36667">66°22'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.316668">29°19'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2 Aug 2010, J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
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39060 (H); Kuusamo, Juuma, Niskakoski, calciferous (dolomite) schistose rock outcrop, on calciferous boulder, 225 m alt.,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="66.21667">66°13'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.4">29°24'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 22 Aug 2011, J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
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44811 (H); Uusimaa, Vantaa, Sotunki, Bisa, 300 m E-NE, herb-rich forest, abandoned lime quarry, on SW-facing wall, 35 m alt.,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.283333">60°17'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="25.133333">25°08'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 7 June 2011, J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
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41859 (H).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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Based on the ITS phylogeny,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="V. difficilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="difficilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. difficilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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belongs to the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="V. subtilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="subtilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. subtilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="V. bifurcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. bifurcata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="V. cavernarum" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="cavernarum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. cavernarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="V. subtilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="subtilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. subtilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The involucrellum is usually longer than in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="V. cavernarum" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="cavernarum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. cavernarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="V. subtilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="subtilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. subtilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Furthermore, the perithecia of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="V. difficilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="difficilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. difficilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are, on average, less immersed, often only 1/4-1/2-immersed in rock.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pykaelae, Kantelinen & Myllys" authorityYear="2020" class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria bifurcata" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Verrucaria bifurcata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs in more immersed perithecia with the involucrellum appressed to the exciple. Nevertheless,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="V. difficilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="difficilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. difficilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may not be identified with certainty without sequencing.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pykaelae & Myllys" authorityYear="2020" class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria difficilis" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="difficilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Verrucaria difficilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is also difficult to separate from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="V. kuusamoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="kuusamoensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. kuusamoensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. This species has slightly longer spores and the perithecia commonly leave deep pits in the rock.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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A Genbank sequence
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Servit" authorityYear="1950" class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria calkinsiana" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="calkinsiana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Verrucaria calkinsiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Servít">Servit</normalizedToken>
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(KT695332) has 98% similarity to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="V. difficilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="difficilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. difficilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and it remains to be studied whether it is a closely-related species or possibly conspecific. Based on the morphology of the type specimen (PRM-857016!),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="V. calkinsiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="calkinsiana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. calkinsiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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does not belong to the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="V. subtilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="subtilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. subtilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex and the sequenced specimen is apparently misidentified.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |