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<document id="EA79E08EC316C468D297E88B59C36663" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4092.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f448a9b2-e7ab-4dbf-87a1-64d0338b8b95" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="266115" ID-ZooBank="51F44763-E817-4E58-A4AC-525E63B6D27B" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1458036828487" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fernandez, Julio C. C., Cárdenas, César A., Bravo, Alejandro, Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele, Willenz, Philippe &amp; Hajdu, Eduardo" docDate="2016" docId="03EF87BEFFDCFFAF419BFECDFEC47610" docLanguage="en" docName="15617-5152-1-PB.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4092 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Lissodendoryx Topsent 1892, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="FFD6FFC6FFCDFFBD410CFFBDFF5F7320" masterDocTitle="Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) Lundbeck, 1909 (Coelosphaeridae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Southern Chile: new species and a discussion of morphologic characters in the subgenus" pageNumber="86" updateTime="1698184538152" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="DCB1BB9F7BB85B150371C64CB732D14E">Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) Lundbeck, 1909 (Coelosphaeridae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Southern Chile: new species and a discussion of morphologic characters in the subgenus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9D21747C169424966309012B29769FEB">Fernandez, Julio C. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A52BEB5F70E8C791DA5DBF8D0DF9F1FB">Cárdenas, César A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B1C48A8B71D803495EF23C43EA4D3BB3">Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="CEDA81CE62FD8622511AD348CE9FFBCE">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03EF87BEFFDCFFAF419BFECDFEC47610" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5615615" ID-GBIF-Taxon="117911950" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5615615" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87BEFFDCFFAF419BFECDFEC47610" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF87BEFFDCFFAF419BFECDFEC47610" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">
<subSubSection id="C35C6523FFDCFFAF419BFECDFEC47610" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFDCFFAC419BFECDFD0E72AA" blockId="17.[151,593,367,394]" box="[151,593,367,394]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">
<heading id="D0B181C4FFDCFFAC419BFECDFD0E72AA" bold="true" box="[151,593,367,394]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC419BFECDFD0E72AA" bold="true" box="[151,593,367,394]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC41E2FED2FD0E72AA" ID-CoL="84PQR" authority="Topsent, 1892" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1892" box="[238,593,367,394]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC41E2FED2FEC172A9" bold="true" box="[238,414,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
Topsent, 1892
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFDCFFAC419BFE0BFBFE71A3" blockId="17.[151,1437,438,2011]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">
Massive, lobate, or flabelliform sponges, with irregular or clathrate surface.
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC451DFE0AFE73717F" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Ectosomal skeleton with smooth ectosomal tornotes, tylotes or strongyles forming tangential tracts and surface brushes; choanosomal skeleton an isodictyal reticulation of single spicules, an anisotropic reticulation, or a plumo-reticulation, composed of smooth or acanthose choanosomal styles, sometimes oxeas or strongyles, alone or in combination</emphasis>
; echinating spicules may be present; microscleres are arcuate isochelae, sigmas, and raphides in trichodragmata. Cosmopolitan distribution, many species (emended from van Soest, 2002a).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFDCFFAC41CBFD32FFA9772F" blockId="17.[151,1437,438,2011]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">
In the molecular phylogeny proposed by Redmond
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4200FD32FC1A7187" box="[780,837,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
(2013),
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC42A9FD33FB177187" box="[933,1096,654,679]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC42A9FD33FB177187" box="[933,1096,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a polyphyletic taxon. More specifically,
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC402AFD0EFE6171EA" box="[294,318,691,714]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">L.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC405CFD0FFEAC71EB" box="[336,499,690,715]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC405CFD0FFEAC71EB" box="[336,499,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) forms a relatively well established clade (Bootstrap = 89). Then, one only finds 80% Bootstrap again for a large clade including
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC43C6FD6BFB7E71CF" box="[714,1057,726,751]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Chondropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC43C6FD6BFC0771CF" box="[714,856,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Chondropsis</emphasis>
(Chondropsidae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4523FD6AFAC771CF" box="[1071,1432,726,751]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4523FD6AFB8571CE" box="[1071,1242,727,750]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Desmapsamma</emphasis>
(Desmacididae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC419BFD46FE877033" box="[151,472,762,787]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC419BFD46FFA27032" box="[151,253,763,786]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Forcepia</emphasis>
(Coelosphaeridae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC40EBFD47FD8A7033" box="[487,725,762,787]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Myxilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC40EBFD47FD637033" box="[487,572,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Myxilla</emphasis>
(Myxillidae)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4218FD47FB567033" box="[788,1033,762,787]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4218FD47FC327033" box="[788,877,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Tedania</emphasis>
(Tedaniidae)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC451BFD47FA057033" authority="(Ectyodoryx)" baseAuthorityName="Ectyodoryx" box="[1047,1370,762,787]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC451BFD47FBE57033" box="[1047,1210,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC45C3FD47FA107033" box="[1231,1359,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Ectyodoryx</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
, with only two species evaluated in their analysis did not cluster together. But, as Bootstrap support for the inner branches of the larger clade including both species is too weak (below or barely above 50%), nothing can be said so far about the status of the subgenus, and of its most likely phylogenetic relations to other
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4581FCDBFA63705F" box="[1165,1340,870,895]" class="Demospongiae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Poecilosclerida</taxonomicName>
. Species of
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC41B8FC37FD527083" authority="(Acanthodoryx)" baseAuthorityName="Acanthodoryx" box="[180,525,906,931]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC41B8FC37FE087083" box="[180,343,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC406BFC37FD5B7083" box="[359,516,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Acanthodoryx</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
clustered together with 100% Bootstrap support, but the clade might contain only a single species, if the included
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC430AFC12FD4170E6" box="[518,542,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4323FC12FD1870E7" box="[559,583,943,967]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">A.</emphasis>
) sp. ever proves to belong in
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC42ACFC12FCE870E6" box="[928,951,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC42C5FC12FCBE70E7" box="[969,993,943,967]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">A.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC42FFFC13FB1E70E7" box="[1011,1089,942,967]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="fibrosa">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC42FFFC13FB1E70E7" box="[1011,1089,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">fibrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(100% 18S rDNA similarity). Again, Bootstrap support at more inclusive clades is less than 50%, so affinities of the subgenus must remain obscure.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFDCFFAC41CBFBA6FC1D76BB" blockId="17.[151,1437,438,2011]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">
A combined analysis of 18S and 28S rDNA fragments permitted Morrow
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC451EFBA6FB137713" box="[1042,1100,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
(2013) to recover with 100% Bootstrap support the following relationships for a polyphyletic
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC42BCFB83FB0C7777" box="[944,1107,1086,1111]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC42BCFB83FB0C7777" box="[944,1107,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4579FB83FD5C775B" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4579FB83FA447777" box="[1141,1307,1086,1111]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Lissodendoryx</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4423FB82FAC87776" box="[1327,1431,1087,1110]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Forcepia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC419BFBDFFFB0775B" box="[151,239,1122,1147]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Myxilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Myxilla</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC41F6FBDFFD5C775B" authority="Trachytedania" authorityName="Trachytedania" box="[250,515,1122,1147]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tedania, Trachytedania</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
) and (
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4347FBDFFA57775B" box="[587,1288,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4347FBDFFDAD775B" box="[587,754,1122,1147]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Lissodendoryx</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC43F0FBDFFC1A775B" box="[764,837,1122,1147]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Crella</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC425CFBDEFC9E775A" box="[848,961,1123,1146]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Higginsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Higginsia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC42C0FBDFFB3F775B" box="[972,1120,1122,1147]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Hymedesmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Hymedesmia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4567FBDFFA57775B" box="[1131,1288,1122,1147]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Plocamionida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Plocamionida</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
). The first of these clades clusters
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4091FB3BFD1F77BF" box="[413,576,1158,1183]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4091FB3BFD1F77BF" box="[413,576,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with an additional taxon in the
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC42EAFB3BFA7477BF" authority="(Forcepia)" baseAuthorityName="Forcepia" box="[998,1323,1158,1183]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">
Coelosphaeridae (
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC45B6FB3AFA4077BE" box="[1210,1311,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Forcepia</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and the poeciloclerid families
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4099FB17FD4F77E3" box="[405,528,1194,1219]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Myxillidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4346FB17FD9877E3" box="[586,711,1194,1219]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Tedaniidae</taxonomicName>
, thus including taxa bearing arcuate chelae (
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC45CBFB17FA3477E3" box="[1223,1387,1194,1219]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC45CBFB17FA3477E3" box="[1223,1387,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC419BFB72FFA277C6" box="[151,253,1231,1254]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC419BFB72FFA277C6" box="[151,253,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Forcepia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and taxa bearing anchorate chelae (
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4397FB73FDAF77C7" box="[667,752,1230,1255]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Myxilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4397FB73FDAF77C7" box="[667,752,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Myxilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The second clade with 100% support, aside from the interordinal relationship to the Axinellida (
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4386FB4EFDA7762A" box="[650,760,1267,1290]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Higginsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4386FB4EFDA7762A" box="[650,760,1267,1290]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Higginsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), clusters
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4284FB4FFB73762B" box="[904,1068,1266,1291]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4284FB4FFB73762B" box="[904,1068,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
together with
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC45F4FB4FFA01762B" box="[1272,1374,1266,1291]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Crellidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC419BFAABFE0F760F" box="[151,336,1302,1327]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Hymedesmiidae</taxonomicName>
, and only includes taxa bearing arcuate chelae. But, if a more inclusive clade with 98% support is considered instead, than
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC40BBFA87FD217673" box="[439,638,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC40BBFA87FD507673" box="[439,527,1338,1363]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Myxilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Myxilla</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4313FA87FD217673" box="[543,638,1338,1363]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Phorbas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Phorbas</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC43B8FA87FC637673" box="[692,828,1338,1363]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Stylostichon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC43B8FA87FC637673" box="[692,828,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Stylostichon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4288FA87FB5B7673" box="[900,1028,1338,1363]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Spanioplon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4288FA87FB5B7673" box="[900,1028,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Spanioplon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are included too, anchorate chelae come into play again. Similar relations had already been envisaged based on morphological analysis alone by van Soest (1984) and Desqueyroux-Faúndez &amp; van Soest (1996).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFDCFFAF41CBFA1AFA28728D" blockId="17.[151,1437,438,2011]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,1328]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">
In part, our taxonomic results suggest a closer relationship between
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC42F6FA1BFBC1769F" box="[1018,1182,1446,1471]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC42F6FA1BFBC1769F" box="[1018,1182,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC45D3FA1BFAC6769F" box="[1247,1433,1446,1471]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Hymedesmiidae</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC419BFA77FE6476C3" box="[151,315,1482,1507]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC419BFA77FE6476C3" box="[151,315,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC405DFA76FE3576C2" box="[337,362,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">E.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC408CFA77FE8B76C3" box="[384,468,1482,1507]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ballena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC408CFA77FE8B76C3" box="[384,468,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">ballena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDCFFAC40EEFA76FD1C76C2" box="[482,579,1483,1506]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC40EEFA76FD1C76C2" bold="true" box="[482,579,1483,1506]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has a plumo-reticulated skeleton and ectosomal tornotes, rather than a reticulate skeleton and ectosomal tylotes as observed in other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC42C1FA53FB2F7527" box="[973,1136,1518,1543]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC42C1FA53FB2F7527" box="[973,1136,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, such as
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC45D7FA52FBAD7526" box="[1243,1266,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC440EFA52FA447526" box="[1282,1307,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">E.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4420FA52FAC37526" box="[1324,1436,1519,1542]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corrugata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4420FA52FAC37526" box="[1324,1436,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">corrugata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDCFFAC419BF9AEFFAA750A" box="[151,245,1555,1578]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC419BF9AEFFAA750A" bold="true" box="[151,245,1555,1578]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4038F9AEFE1C750A" box="[308,323,1555,1578]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">L</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC406CF9AEFE2E750A" box="[352,369,1555,1578]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">E</emphasis>
.)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4081F9AFFD4D750B" box="[397,530,1554,1579]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coloanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4081F9AFFD4D750B" box="[397,530,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">coloanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDCFFAC4311F9AEFD24750A" box="[541,635,1555,1578]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4311F9AEFD24750A" bold="true" box="[541,635,1555,1578]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
described here, and a few additional species reported by van Soest (2002a). In addition, the morphology of the two largest categories of arcuate isochelae in
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4573F98AFBC9756E" box="[1151,1174,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC45AAF98AFBE0756E" box="[1190,1215,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">E.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC45C2F98BFA7D756F" box="[1230,1314,1590,1615]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ballena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC45C2F98BFA7D756F" box="[1230,1314,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">ballena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDCFFAC4425F98AFADD756E" box="[1321,1410,1591,1614]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4425F98AFADD756E" bold="true" box="[1321,1410,1591,1614]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is quite similar to the morphology of the isochelae in some species of
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4284F9E7FB1D7553" box="[904,1090,1626,1651]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Hymedesmiidae</taxonomicName>
; cf.
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4563F9E7FF8775B7" authority="Thiele, 1905" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Phorbas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="areolatus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4563F9E7FA627553" box="[1135,1341,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Phorbas areolatus</emphasis>
(Thiele, 1905)
</taxonomicName>
in Fernandez
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4074F9C2FEF675B7" box="[376,425,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">et al</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC40CCF9C2FD4775B6" box="[448,536,1663,1686]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">in prep.</emphasis>
). It is also important to mention that a plumo-reticulate architecture is typical of
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC419BF91FFFA9759B" box="[151,246,1698,1723]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Phorbas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC419BF91FFFA9759B" box="[151,246,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Phorbas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see review in van Soest, 2002b). Thus,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC43D6F91FFC21759B" box="[730,894,1698,1723]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC43D6F91FFC21759B" box="[730,894,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC429EF91EFCF5759A" box="[914,938,1699,1722]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">E.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC42B1F91FFB4E759B" box="[957,1041,1698,1723]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ballena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC42B1F91FFB4E759B" box="[957,1041,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">ballena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDCFFAC4510F91EFB26759A" box="[1052,1145,1699,1722]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4510F91EFB26759A" bold="true" box="[1052,1145,1699,1722]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
appears indeed closer to
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC419BF97BFE1275FF" box="[151,333,1734,1759]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Hymedesmiidae</taxonomicName>
rather than to the additional
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC439BF97BFC6475FF" box="[663,827,1734,1759]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC439BF97BFC6475FF" box="[663,827,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. described here. Interestingly,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC45CAF97BFA3675FF" box="[1222,1385,1734,1759]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC45CAF97BFA3675FF" box="[1222,1385,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4476F97AFACC75FE" box="[1402,1427,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">E.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC419BF956FD187423" authority="Picton &amp; Goodwin, 2007" authorityName="Picton &amp; Goodwin" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,583,1770,1795]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="jenjonesae">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC419BF956FE507422" box="[151,271,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">jenjonesae</emphasis>
Picton &amp; Goodwin, 2007
</taxonomicName>
recorded from the
<collectingCountry id="F3517638FFDCFFAC423AF957FCA97423" box="[822,1014,1770,1795]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Northern Ireland</collectingCountry>
and
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4535F956FB0E7422" box="[1081,1105,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC456AF956FB207422" box="[1126,1151,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">E.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4598F956FAC37423" authority="Burton, 1936" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1936" box="[1172,1436,1771,1795]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="arenaria">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4598F956FBAA7422" box="[1172,1269,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">arenaria</emphasis>
Burton, 1936
</taxonomicName>
recorded from the
<collectingCountry id="F3517638FFDCFFAC407AF8B3FD517407" box="[374,526,1806,1831]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, the two species in the subgenus analysed by Morrow
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC45A9F8B2FBBB7407" box="[1189,1252,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
(2013) in their molecular phylogeny, also share features found in
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC43DFF88FFCD2746B" box="[723,909,1842,1867]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Hymedesmiidae</taxonomicName>
. Specifically, a few images observed in Picton &amp; Goodwin (2007: 1449,
<figureCitation id="137D2A2DFFDCFFAC40C8F8EBFD54744F" box="[452,523,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1424,1446]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[188,1398,193,1403]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) corrugata sp. nov., skeleton. A – C, holotype (IZUA – POR 167): A, general view, transverse section; B, detail of anisotropic choanosomal reticulation; C, tylotes arranged perpendicularly or obliquely to surface. D – F, skeletal architecture of paratype (MNRJ 17398): D, general view, transverse section; E, detail of anisotropic choanosomal reticulation; F, choanosomal fibers echinated by acanthostyles. Scales: A, D = 500 µm; B – C, E – F = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266121/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Figs 6</figureCitation>
A–E) record of
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC43C9F8EAFD83744E" box="[709,732,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC43E3F8EAFC5F744E" box="[751,768,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">E</emphasis>
.)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4216F8EAFCCD744E" box="[794,914,1879,1902]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="jenjonesae">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4216F8EAFCCD744E" box="[794,914,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">jenjonesae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
acanthostyles with slightly swollen bases, as commonly observed in various species of
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC438EF8C7FC4C74B3" box="[642,787,1914,1939]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Hymedesmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC438EF8C7FC4C74B3" box="[642,787,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Hymedesmia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, arcuate isochelae slightly bent backwards (cf.
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC4431F8C7FE5F7497" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Phorbas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="areolatus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4431F8C7FE5F7497" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">Phorbas areolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and a surface with structures that resemble
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC420AF823FCE37497" box="[774,956,1950,1975]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Hymedesmiidae</taxonomicName>
pore fields (cf. van Soest, 2002b). Burton (1936) recorded a skeleton with embedded grains echinated by acanthostyles for
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC452EF87EFB6674FA" box="[1058,1081,1987,2010]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC4545F87EFB3D74FA" box="[1097,1122,1987,2010]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">E.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDCFFAC457EF87EFB8C74FA" box="[1138,1235,1987,2010]" pageId="17" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="arenaria">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDCFFAC457EF87EFB8C74FA" box="[1138,1235,1987,2010]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="86">arenaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which resembles the embedded polychaete tubes echinated by acanthostyles found in
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF429EFF25FCF5738F" box="[914,938,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF42B5FF25FC8D738F" box="[953,978,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF42EDFF2AFB6A7390" box="[993,1077,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ballena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF42EDFF2AFB6A7390" box="[993,1077,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">ballena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDFFFAF4530FF25FBCA738F" box="[1084,1173,152,175]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4530FF25FBCA738F" bold="true" box="[1084,1173,152,175]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="137D2A2DFFDFFFAF45A9FF2AFBBA7390" box="[1189,1253,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1424,1446]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[188,1398,193,1403]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) ballena sp. nov., skeleton and spicules. A – D, skeleton: A, holotype (IZUA – POR 166); B, paratype (MNRJ 8813); C, detail of plumo-reticulate architecture in holotype choanosome; D, detail of choanosome of paratype, arrow points to one of the little apertures on surface. E – F, spicules in light microscope: E, isochelae in choanosome of holotype (i = larger; ii, intermediate; iii = smaller); F, isochelae in choanosome of paratype (i = larger; ii, intermediate; iii = smaller); G, acanthostyles I and II erect around a polychaete tube traversing choanosome of paratype. H – Q, electron micrographs of the spicule complement of holotype: H, tornotes; I, extremities of tornotes; J, acanthostyles I; K, base of acanthostyles I; L, acanthostyles II; M, base of acanthostyles II; N arcuate isochela I; O, arcuate isochelae II; P, arcuate isochelae III; Q, sigmas. Scales: A – B = 500 µm; C – D, G = 100 µm; H, J, L = 50 µm; I, P = 5 µm; K, M – O, Q = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266118/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
G).
<collectingCountry id="F3517638FFDFFFAF441EFF25FA6E7390" box="[1298,1329,152,176]" name="American Samoa" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">As</collectingCountry>
in
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4458FF25FA34738F" box="[1364,1387,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4476FF25FACC738F" box="[1402,1427,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF419BFF00FE5073F4" box="[151,271,189,212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="jenjonesae">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF419BFF00FE5073F4" box="[151,271,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">jenjonesae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4010FF00FE6C73F4" box="[284,307,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF404EFF00FE0473F4" box="[322,347,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF4066FF01FEE173F5" box="[362,446,188,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ballena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4066FF01FEE173F5" box="[362,446,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">ballena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDFFFAF40C8FF00FD4273F4" box="[452,541,189,212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF40C8FF00FD4273F4" bold="true" box="[452,541,189,212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has small holes scattered on the surface, which are reminiscent of pore fields. In
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF419BFF62FE0F73D8" box="[151,336,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Hymedesmiidae</taxonomicName>
, pore fields are shallow and have walls supported by diactines (van Soest, 2002a), while the small holes in
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF41F1FEB8FE4A723C" box="[253,277,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4024FEB8FE1E723C" box="[296,321,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF4058FEB9FEF7723D" box="[340,424,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ballena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4058FEB9FEF7723D" box="[340,424,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">ballena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDFFFAF40BFFEB8FD4E723C" box="[435,529,261,284]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF40BFFEB8FD4E723C" bold="true" box="[435,529,261,284]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
are narrow, single, deep, and their walls are surrounded/supported mainly by microscleres (
<figureCitation id="137D2A2DFFDFFFAF4038FE9AFE2B7260" box="[308,372,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1424,1446]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[188,1398,193,1403]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) ballena sp. nov., skeleton and spicules. A – D, skeleton: A, holotype (IZUA – POR 166); B, paratype (MNRJ 8813); C, detail of plumo-reticulate architecture in holotype choanosome; D, detail of choanosome of paratype, arrow points to one of the little apertures on surface. E – F, spicules in light microscope: E, isochelae in choanosome of holotype (i = larger; ii, intermediate; iii = smaller); F, isochelae in choanosome of paratype (i = larger; ii, intermediate; iii = smaller); G, acanthostyles I and II erect around a polychaete tube traversing choanosome of paratype. H – Q, electron micrographs of the spicule complement of holotype: H, tornotes; I, extremities of tornotes; J, acanthostyles I; K, base of acanthostyles I; L, acanthostyles II; M, base of acanthostyles II; N arcuate isochela I; O, arcuate isochelae II; P, arcuate isochelae III; Q, sigmas. Scales: A – B = 500 µm; C – D, G = 100 µm; H, J, L = 50 µm; I, P = 5 µm; K, M – O, Q = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266118/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
D). If we think of a hypothetical ancestor with holes similar to those in
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF459EFE95FBF6721F" box="[1170,1193,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF45B5FE95FB8D721F" box="[1209,1234,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF45EDFE9AFA6A7260" box="[1249,1333,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ballena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF45EDFE9AFA6A7260" box="[1249,1333,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">ballena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDFFFAF4430FE95FACA721F" box="[1340,1429,296,319]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4430FE95FACA721F" bold="true" box="[1340,1429,296,319]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, where such structures have become shallower and their ectosomal diactines have invaded the choanosome, we would be very close to sponges currently classified in
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF4219FED2FC9472A8" box="[789,971,367,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Hymedesmiidae</taxonomicName>
(cf. van Soest, 2002b). In this way, the phylogenetic relations retrieved by Morrow et al. (2013) might make sense in a morphological context after all.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFDFFFAF41CBFE05FD467187" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">
A reticulate choanosomal architecture and ectosomal tylotes with microspined
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF4576FE0AFBF272F0" box="[1146,1197,439,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Ectyodoryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="nobilis" variety="ends">ends</taxonomicName>
are rather common characters of species of
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF40AAFE61FDF872D4" authority="Schmidt, 1862" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[422,679,476,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Myxilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF40AAFE61FEA372D5" box="[422,508,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">Myxilla</emphasis>
Schmidt, 1862
</taxonomicName>
(van Soest, 2002c). Based on these observations,
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF45D0FE60FBB472D4" box="[1244,1259,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">L</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF440FFE60FA4B72D4" box="[1283,1300,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
.)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF4420FE60FAC372D4" box="[1324,1436,477,500]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corrugata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4420FE60FAC372D4" box="[1324,1436,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">corrugata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDFFFAF419BFDBDFFAF7137" box="[151,240,512,535]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF419BFDBDFFB67137" bold="true" box="[151,233,512,535]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF402AFDBDFE627137" box="[294,317,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4040FDBDFE3A7137" box="[332,357,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF4079FE42FEA57138" box="[373,506,511,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coloanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4079FE42FEA57138" box="[373,506,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">coloanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDFFFAF430CFDBDFD057137" box="[512,602,512,535]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF430CFDBDFD057137" bold="true" box="[512,602,512,535]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
seem more closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF42ABFE42FCA37138" box="[935,1020,511,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Myxilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF42ABFE42FCA37138" box="[935,1020,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">Myxilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, than
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF454DFDBDFB077137" box="[1089,1112,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4564FDBDFBDE7137" box="[1128,1153,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF459CFE42FBBB7138" box="[1168,1252,511,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ballena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF459CFE42FBBB7138" box="[1168,1252,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">ballena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDFFFAF45E7FDBDFA1B7137" box="[1259,1348,512,535]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF45E7FDBDFA1B7137" bold="true" box="[1259,1348,512,535]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and its
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF419BFD99FE12711D" box="[151,333,548,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Hymedesmiidae</taxonomicName>
characters (cf. above).
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF438DFD99FC7B711D" box="[641,804,548,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF438DFD99FC7B711D" box="[641,804,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF424CFD98FC0E711C" box="[832,849,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
.)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF4278FD99FB1F711D" box="[884,1088,548,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="diegoramirezensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4278FD99FB1F711D" box="[884,1088,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">diegoramirezensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDFFFAF455FFD98FBE7711C" box="[1107,1208,549,572]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF455FFD98FBE7711C" bold="true" box="[1107,1208,549,572]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, however, has an architecture of intermediate morphology between reticulate and plumose. Additionally, the latter species’ isochelae are quite distinct from those found in the other species described, and to the best of our knowledge, rather similar only to those of
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4041FD2DFE3B7187" box="[333,356,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4078FD2DFED27187" box="[372,397,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF4090FD32FD4D7188" box="[412,530,655,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anacantha">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4090FD32FD4D7188" box="[412,530,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">anacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFDFFFAF41CBFD09FEC47610" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">
The shape of tylotes and the spination pattern of the extremities of these ectosomal diactines occur in congruence in part of the new species. These characteristics are most likely reflecting phylogenetic signal in a more inclusive level within
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF4098FD41FD687035" box="[404,567,764,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4098FD41FD687035" box="[404,567,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For example, thorns arranged as a crown (
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4527FD40FB657034" box="[1067,1082,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">L</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF455FFD40FB3B7034" box="[1107,1124,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
.)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF4571FD40FBB27034" box="[1149,1261,765,788]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corrugata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4571FD40FBB27034" box="[1149,1261,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">corrugata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDFFFAF45FAFD40FA137034" box="[1270,1356,765,788]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF45FAFD40FA137034" bold="true" box="[1270,1356,765,788]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">sp. nov</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4489FD40FACB7034" box="[1413,1428,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">L</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF41ACFC9DFFEE7017" box="[160,177,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
.)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF41C4FCA2FE137018" box="[200,332,799,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coloanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF41C4FCA2FE137018" box="[200,332,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">coloanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDFFFAF405FFC9DFEF27017" box="[339,429,800,823]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF405FFC9DFEF27017" bold="true" box="[339,429,800,823]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
) and randomly arranged thorns (
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4210FC9DFC747017" box="[796,811,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">L</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF424FFC9DFC0B7017" box="[835,852,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
.)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF4267FCA2FB677018" box="[875,1080,799,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="diegoramirezensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4267FCA2FB677018" box="[875,1080,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">diegoramirezensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDFFFAF4532FC9DFBC77017" box="[1086,1176,800,823]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4532FC9DFBC77017" bold="true" box="[1086,1176,800,823]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF45C1FC9DFBBA7017" box="[1229,1253,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF45F8FC9DFA5A7017" box="[1268,1285,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
.)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF4410FCA2FACD7018" box="[1308,1426,799,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anacantha">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4410FCA2FACD7018" box="[1308,1426,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">anacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) might be suggesting these may be evolutionarily species-pairs. The latter pair of species might still be closer to
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4489FCF8FACB707C" box="[1413,1428,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">L</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF41ACFCD5FFEE705F" box="[160,177,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
.)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF41C4FCD5FE67705F" box="[200,312,872,895]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corrugata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF41C4FCD5FE67705F" box="[200,312,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">corrugata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDFFFAF4032FCD5FEC8705F" box="[318,407,872,895]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4032FCD5FECF705F" bold="true" box="[318,400,872,895]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF40C0FCD5FE84705F" box="[460,475,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">L</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF40FEFCD5FD5C705F" box="[498,515,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
.)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF4316FCDAFDC170A0" box="[538,670,871,896]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coloanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4316FCDAFDC170A0" box="[538,670,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">coloanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDFFFAF43A8FCD5FDA2705F" box="[676,765,872,895]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF43A8FCD5FDA2705F" bold="true" box="[676,765,872,895]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, which share similar ectosomal tylotes, rather than to
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4458FCD5FA33705F" box="[1364,1388,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4476FCD5FACC705F" box="[1402,1427,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF419BFC31FFB47085" box="[151,235,908,933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ballena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF419BFC31FFB47085" box="[151,235,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">ballena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDFFFAF41FFFC30FE127084" box="[243,333,909,932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF41FFFC30FE127084" bold="true" box="[243,333,909,932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, which has tornotes. Widening the comparison, one cannot dismiss the possibility that the tylotes of
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF41B9FC0DFF9370E7" box="[181,204,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF41D0FC0DFFB270E7" box="[220,237,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
.)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF4008FC12FE8F70E8" box="[260,464,943,968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="diegoramirezensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4008FC12FE8F70E8" box="[260,464,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">diegoramirezensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDFFFAF40DAFC0DFD6F70E7" box="[470,560,944,967]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF40DAFC0DFD6F70E7" bold="true" box="[470,560,944,967]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4369FC0DFD2B70E7" box="[613,628,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">L</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4380FC0DFDFA70E7" box="[652,677,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF43B8FC12FC7570E8" box="[692,810,943,968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anacantha">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF43B8FC12FC7570E8" box="[692,810,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">anacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be close relatives of those found in some
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF444AFC12FAC470E8" box="[1350,1435,943,968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Myxilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF444AFC12FAC470E8" box="[1350,1435,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">Myxilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.,
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF41DBFC68FE5F70CC" box="[215,256,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">e.g.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF4006FC69FD7770CD" authority="(Burtonanchora)" authorityName="Hajdu, Desqueyroux-Faundez, Carvalho, Lobo-Hajdu &amp; Willenz" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Burtonanchora" box="[266,552,980,1005]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Myxilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4006FC69FE0070CD" box="[266,351,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">Myxilla</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4078FC69FD4070CD" box="[372,543,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">Burtonanchora</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4338FC68FDFF70CC" box="[564,672,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">araucana</emphasis>
Hajdu, Desqueyroux-Faúndez, Carvalho, Lôbo-Hajdu &amp; Willenz, 2013. Accordingly, it appears clear to us that the set of morphologic characters commonly assessed to describe species in the
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF4030FBA1FEB57715" box="[316,490,1052,1077]" class="Demospongiae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Poecilosclerida</taxonomicName>
, is likely to permit various phylogenetic reinterpretations of boundaries for higher taxa, among which are those building up in the form of clades in the molecular phylogenetics literature (
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4478FBFDFAC37777" box="[1396,1436,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">e.g.</emphasis>
Redmond
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4000FBD8FE18775D" box="[268,327,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
2013). In the absence of pre-established phylogenetic frameworks, still, these characters can and should be used to propose primary hypothesis of relationships, as we have done above for
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF4599FB35FBF377BF" box="[1173,1196,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF45B1FB35FB8977BF" box="[1213,1238,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">E.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF45EAFB3AFA657780" box="[1254,1338,1159,1184]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ballena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF45EAFB3AFA657780" box="[1254,1338,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">ballena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157C1FFDFFFAF444EFB35FAC377BF" box="[1346,1436,1160,1183]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFDFFFAF444EFB35FAC377BF" bold="true" box="[1346,1436,1160,1183]" pageId="18" pageNumber="87">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
This species seems to share a series of characters with
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF4214FB11FC9177E5" box="[792,974,1196,1221]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Hymedesmiidae</taxonomicName>
sponges: small openings on the surface possibly homologous to porefields, as well as arcuate isochelae and acanthostyles with morphology commonly found in this family, thus suggesting that alternative classification scenarios at the family level might be considered for the
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFDFFFAF41E4FAAAFEC87610" box="[232,407,1303,1328]" class="Demospongiae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Poecilosclerida</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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