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<mods:title id="56EE9B8B8F53CFBF1A814346D1C31D5F">Revision of Autolytinae (Syllidae: Polychaeta).</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A0BF10E1F17C1860D287E2C9760DCF34">Nygren, Arne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="FD7668BF3B904F01A8A3C7B13E62D973">2004</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC274E70FEE878658B708505" blockId="80.[264,878,1364,1390]" box="[264,878,1364,1390]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<heading id="D093B05CCC274E70FEE878658B708505" bold="true" box="[264,878,1364,1390]" fontSize="11" level="5" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC274E70FEE878658B708505" bold="true" box="[264,878,1364,1390]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC274E70FEE878658AD98505" ID-CoL="5BJHX" authority="Langerhans, 1879" authorityName="Langerhans" authorityYear="1879" box="[264,711,1364,1390]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="clavata">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC274E70FEE8786589FF8505" bold="true" box="[264,481,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Virchowia clavata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC274E70FE0878658AD98505" author="Langerhans" box="[488,711,1364,1390]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refString="Langerhans, P. (1879) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 32, 513 - 592." type="journal article" year="1879">Langerhans, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 32A–E)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC274E70FEE878AE8C20867E" blockId="80.[264,1323,1438,1557]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB74201ECC274E70FEE878AE8C20867E" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC274E70FEE878AE8AD685DE" ID-CoL="5BJHX" authority="Langerhans, 1879: 582" authorityName="Langerhans" authorityPageNumber="582" authorityYear="1879" box="[264,712,1438,1462]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="clavata">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC274E70FEE878AE89D785DD" box="[264,457,1439,1462]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Virchowia clavata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC52121CC274E70FE3178AF8AD685DE" author="Langerhans" box="[465,712,1438,1461]" page="582" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" year="1879">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC274E70FE3178AF8A8A85DE" author="Langerhans" box="[465,660,1438,1461]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refString="Langerhans, P. (1879) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 32, 513 - 592." type="journal article" year="1879">Langerhans, 1879</bibRefCitation>
: 582
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–583, fig. 31A–F; 1884: 250;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC52121CC274E70FBE778AF8CDA85DE" author="Fauvel" box="[1031,1220,1438,1461]" page="324" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" year="1923">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC274E70FBE778AF8C8E85DE" author="Fauvel" box="[1031,1168,1438,1461]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refString="Fauvel, P. (1923) Polychetes errantes. Faune de France, 5, 1 - 488." type="journal article" year="1923">Fauvel 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 324
</treatmentCitation>
–325, fig. 125A–I;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC52121CC274E70FE79788F8A4D85BE" author="Okada" box="[409,595,1470,1493]" page="469" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC274E70FE79788F8A0185BE" author="Okada" box="[409,543,1470,1493]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refString="Okada, Y. K. (1937) La stolonisation et les caracteres sexuels du stolon chez les Syllidiens polychetes (Etudes sur les Syllidiens 3). Japanese Journal of Zoology, 7, 441 - 490." type="journal article" year="1937">Okada 1937</bibRefCitation>
: 469
</treatmentCitation>
–470, fig. 20A, B;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC52121CC274E70FCC0788F8BF885BE" author="Cognetti" box="[800,998,1470,1493]" page="75" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" year="1957">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC274E70FCC0788F8BA285BE" author="Cognetti" box="[800,956,1470,1493]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refString="Cognetti, G. (1957) I Sillidi del Golfo di Napoli. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 30, 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1957">Cognetti 1957</bibRefCitation>
: 75
</treatmentCitation>
; 1961: 305;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC52121CC274E70FB8D788F897E859E" author="San" page="463" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC274E70FB8D788F8D3985BE" author="San" box="[1133,1319,1470,1493]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refString="San Martin, G. (2003) Annelida, Polychaeta 2: Syllidae. In: Ramos, M. A. et al. (Eds) Fauna Iberica, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, vol 21, 1 - 554." type="journal article" year="2003">San Martín 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 463
</treatmentCitation>
–466, figs 253A–C, 254A–I;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC274E70FD4178EF8BA1859E" author="Nygren" box="[673,959,1502,1525]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refString="Nygren, A. &amp; Sundberg, P. (2003) Phylogeny and evolution of reproductive modes in Autolytinae (Syllidae, Annelida). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, () 29, 235 - 249." type="journal article" year="2003">Nygren &amp; Sundberg 2003</bibRefCitation>
: GenBank sequences, 16S rDNA partial sequence
<accessionNumber id="94379AD3CC274E70FE0B78CF8A7E867E" box="[491,608,1534,1557]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AF474268" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">AF474268</accessionNumber>
, and 18S rDNA partial sequence
<accessionNumber id="94379AD3CC274E70FC2478CF8C24867E" box="[964,1082,1534,1557]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AF474314" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">AF474314</accessionNumber>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC274E70FEE87B778C7C86DA" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="B910DB22CC274E70FEE87B7789E9860B" bold="true" box="[264,503,1606,1632]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC274E70FDEB7B778A68860B" bold="true" box="[523,630,1606,1632]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Madeira</emphasis>
: 2
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC274E70FD427B768B16860A" box="[674,776,1607,1633]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
on slides
<collectionCode id="ED759FF5CC274E70FC697B768BF7860A" box="[905,1001,1607,1633]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">NHMW</collectionCode>
2604, Atlantic.
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC274E70FB517B778D17860B" bold="true" box="[1201,1289,1606,1632]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<collectingCountry id="F37347A0CC274E70FB517B778D17860B" box="[1201,1289,1606,1632]" name="France" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">France</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 3 spms (1 mounted for SEM, 1 rear end in author's collection for
<collectionCode id="ED759FF5CC274E70FC1C7B5E8C2286E2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" box="[1020,1084,1647,1673]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">DNA</collectionCode>
analyses), Banyulssur­Mer,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5061F7CC274E70FE127BA68A7686DA" box="[498,616,1687,1713]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="92" value="3.1366668">03°08.2'E</geoCoordinate>
, dive,
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, sponges, hydroids,
<date id="FFDA21F0CC274E70FC037BA68C4086DA" box="[995,1118,1687,1713]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" value="1997-05">May 1997</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC274E70FED87B8F89A9876A" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC274E70FED87B8F89A9876A" blockId="80.[264,1323,1606,1873]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC274E70FED87B8F89AE86B3" bold="true" box="[312,432,1726,1752]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC274E70FE5E7B8E8A2D86B3" box="[446,563,1727,1752]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC274E70FE5E7B8E8A2D86B3" box="[446,563,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Virchowia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with long sinuated pharynx; compound chaetae with well­developed serration.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC274E71FED87A3F8AD786BD" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC274E71FED87A3F8CED8135" blockId="80.[264,1323,1606,1873]" lastBlockId="81.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC274E70FED87A3F89D78743" bold="true" box="[312,457,1806,1832]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Description</emphasis>
. Length
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for 28–35 chaetigers, width
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. Live specimens yellowish­white with white conspicuous glands on antennae and dorsal cirri, and with a black spot in the segment borders; eyes red. Preserved specimens with white glands retained. Ciliation on nuchal epaulettes, and as one broad longitudinal band ventrally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC264E71FED87C5D8AA981BD" blockId="81.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Eyes separated; eye spots present. Palps small, not projecting in front of prostomium, fused basally. Nuchal epaulettes on outgrowths (Fig. 32B), originating from backside of prostomium, reaching chaetiger 2–3.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC264E71FED87CD58C2B83E5" blockId="81.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
Median antenna reaching chaetiger 3–4. Lateral antennae and dorsal tentacular cirri, length 1/2–2/3 of median antenna. Ventral tentacular cirri 1/3 as long as dorsal pair. First dorsal cirri 1/2 as long as median antenna, second dorsal cirri equal in length to short dorsal cirri. From chaetiger 1–27 cirri with usual alternation in direction, more posterior not assessed. Dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3, alternate in length; short cirri equals 2/3 of body width, long cirri equals 1–1.5 times body width. Cirri with distinct alternation in placement, long cirri inserted dorsal to short cirri. Cirrophores present on tentacular cirri, and all dorsal cirri. Cirrophores and cirrostyles unequal; cirrophores and cirrostyles on short cirri c. 1/
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length of its counterpart in long cirri; cirrophores on short cirri with thin base, cirrophores on long cirri with broad base; cirrophores shorter than parapodial lobes; cirrophores shorter than cirrostyles. All appendages clavate (Fig. 32A, B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC264E71FED87EAD8BE98445" blockId="81.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Parapodial lobes small, rounded. Single acicula present in all chaetigers. Chaetal fascicle with 5–8 compounds in all chaetigers. Compound chaetae with 2 small teeth (Fig. 32E), distal tooth somewhat smaller; serration present, well­developed. Single thick bayonet chaetae, distally dilated (Fig. 32E), beginning at chaetiger 1.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC264E71FED8790D8CEE84A5" blockId="81.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Pharynx with multiple sinuations anterior and lateral to anterior half of proventricle (Fig. 32C). Trepan in chaetiger 2 (Fig. 32C), with c. 24 equal teeth. Basal ring present; infradental spines present (Fig. 32D). Proventricle equal in length to 1 segment (Fig. 32C) in chaetiger 5 with c. 20 rows of muscle cells. Anal cirri equal in length to short cirri.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC264E71FED879ED8D328575" blockId="81.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC264E71FED879ED89FA849D" bold="true" box="[312,484,1244,1270]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Reproduction</emphasis>
. Schizogamy by anterior scissiparity behind chaetiger 13. Specimens with stolons found in January, February, September (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC264E71FC9278358C018575" author="Cognetti" box="[882,1055,1284,1310]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refString="Cognetti, G. (1957) I Sillidi del Golfo di Napoli. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 30, 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1957">Cognetti 1957</bibRefCitation>
), and May (pers. obs.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC264E71FED8781D8AD5852D" blockId="81.[264,1325,284,1870]" box="[312,715,1324,1350]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC264E71FED8781D8ADA852D" bold="true" box="[312,708,1324,1350]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Morphology of epitokous stages</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC264E71FED878658D078665" blockId="81.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC264E71FED8786589698505" bold="true" box="[312,375,1364,1390]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<collectingCountry id="F37347A0CC264E71FED8786589698505" box="[312,375,1364,1390]" name="Malta" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Male</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. No mature stolons examined.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC264E71FD0C78658BD08505" author="Langerhans" box="[748,974,1364,1390]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refString="Langerhans, P. (1879) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 32, 513 - 592." type="journal article" year="1879">Langerhans (1879)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC264E71FC3B78658C9C8505" author="Okada" box="[987,1154,1364,1390]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refString="Okada, Y. K. (1937) La stolonisation et les caracteres sexuels du stolon chez les Syllidiens polychetes (Etudes sur les Syllidiens 3). Japanese Journal of Zoology, 7, 441 - 490." type="journal article" year="1937">Okada (1937)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC264E71FB227865894785FD" author="Gidholm" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refString="Gidholm, L. (1967) A revision of Autolytinae (Syllidae, Polychaeta) with special reference to Scandinavian species, and with notes on external and internal morphology, reproduction and ecology. Arkiv for Zoologi, 19, 157 - 213." type="journal article" year="1967">Gidholm (1967)</bibRefCitation>
, present some information on morphology. Length c.
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for 6+17+6 chaetigers (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC264E71FEF0789589B985D5" author="Okada" box="[272,423,1444,1470]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refString="Okada, Y. K. (1937) La stolonisation et les caracteres sexuels du stolon chez les Syllidiens polychetes (Etudes sur les Syllidiens 3). Japanese Journal of Zoology, 7, 441 - 490." type="journal article" year="1937">Okada 1937</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC264E71FE5678958A7785D5" author="Gidholm" box="[438,617,1444,1470]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refString="Gidholm, L. (1967) A revision of Autolytinae (Syllidae, Polychaeta) with special reference to Scandinavian species, and with notes on external and internal morphology, reproduction and ecology. Arkiv for Zoologi, 19, 157 - 213." type="journal article" year="1967">Gidholm 1967</bibRefCitation>
). Nuchal epaulettes on outgrowths. One pair of tentacular cirri, achaetous knobs absent, as judged from figures (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC264E71FC4678FD8C65858D" author="Langerhans" box="[934,1147,1484,1510]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refString="Langerhans, P. (1879) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 32, 513 - 592." type="journal article" year="1879">Langerhans 1879</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC264E71FB6B78FD8D3E858D" author="Okada" box="[1163,1312,1484,1510]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refString="Okada, Y. K. (1937) La stolonisation et les caracteres sexuels du stolon chez les Syllidiens polychetes (Etudes sur les Syllidiens 3). Japanese Journal of Zoology, 7, 441 - 490." type="journal article" year="1937">Okada 1937</bibRefCitation>
) (uncertain observations). Cirri on chaetiger 2, 4, 6, and on every second chaetiger longer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC264E71FED87B2D8B0986C5" blockId="81.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC264E71FED87B2D898D865D" bold="true" box="[312,403,1564,1590]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Female</emphasis>
. No mature stolons examined.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC264E71FCEA7B2D8BF3865D" author="Langerhans" box="[778,1005,1564,1590]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refString="Langerhans, P. (1879) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 32, 513 - 592." type="journal article" year="1879">Langerhans (1879)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC264E71FBCF7B2D8CF0865D" author="Gidholm" box="[1071,1262,1564,1590]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refString="Gidholm, L. (1967) A revision of Autolytinae (Syllidae, Polychaeta) with special reference to Scandinavian species, and with notes on external and internal morphology, reproduction and ecology. Arkiv for Zoologi, 19, 157 - 213." type="journal article" year="1967">Gidholm (1967)</bibRefCitation>
give brief information on morphology. 6+14+5 chaetigers. Tentacular cirri 2 pairs, achaetous knobs absent, as judged from figure (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC264E71FD3D7B5D8BAF86ED" author="Langerhans" box="[733,945,1644,1670]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refString="Langerhans, P. (1879) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 32, 513 - 592." type="journal article" year="1879">Langerhans 1879</bibRefCitation>
) (uncertain observation). Cirri alternate in length, at least in anterior region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC264E71FED87B8D8AD786BD" blockId="81.[264,1325,284,1870]" box="[312,713,1724,1750]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC264E71FED87B8D898686BD" bold="true" box="[312,408,1724,1750]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Habitat</emphasis>
. Sponges, hydroids,
<specimenCount id="9D62CCB9CC264E71FD6D7B8D8AD786BD" box="[653,713,1724,1750]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC264E71FD6D7B8D8ADB86BD" box="[653,709,1724,1750]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="m" value="10.0">10m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC264E71FED87BD58B988695" box="[312,902,1764,1790]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC264E71FED87BD58B988695" blockId="81.[264,1325,284,1870]" box="[312,902,1764,1790]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC264E71FED87BD589CF8695" bold="true" box="[312,465,1764,1790]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Distribution</emphasis>
. North East Atlantic, Mediterranean.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC264E72FED87A3D8957824D" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC264E72FED87A3D8957824D" blockId="81.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastBlockId="82.[264,1324,284,550]" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC264E71FED87A3D89B4874D" bold="true" box="[312,426,1804,1830]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC264E71FE587A3D8A93874E" box="[440,653,1804,1829]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="clavata">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC264E71FE587A3D8A93874E" box="[440,653,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Virchowia clavata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is almost identical to
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC264E71FC717A3D8C79874E" box="[913,1127,1804,1829]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longipharyngea">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC264E71FC717A3D8C79874E" box="[913,1127,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">V. longipharyngea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the former species has eye spots in front of the anterior pair of eyes not seen in
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC264E71FC197A058CD18726" box="[1017,1231,1844,1869]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longipharyngea">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC264E71FC197A058CD18726" box="[1017,1231,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">V. longipharyngea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the pharynx also seems to be longer in
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC254E72FD507C2D8B96815E" box="[688,904,284,309]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longipharyngea">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC254E72FD507C2D8B96815E" box="[688,904,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">V. longipharyngea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The compound chaetae in
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC254E72FB327C2D89338136" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">V. c l a v ­ ata</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC254E72FE907C758A598136" box="[368,583,324,349]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longipharyngea">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC254E72FE907C758A598136" box="[368,583,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">V. longipharyngea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 2 small teeth, and with long serration, is also found in
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC254E72FAF57C75897081EE" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC254E72FAF57C75897081EE" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">V. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, only known as a male stolon. This
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC254E72FCF87C5D8B5481ED" box="[792,842,364,390]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">type</typeStatus>
of compound chaetae is unique for these three taxa, indicating a close relationship. The name
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC254E72FC6B7CA58C3881C6" box="[907,1062,404,429]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Umbellisyllis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC254E72FC6B7CA58C3881C6" box="[907,1062,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Umbellisyllis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sometimes erroneously used instead of
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC254E72FDE97C8D8A9E81BE" box="[521,640,444,469]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC254E72FDE97C8D8A9E81BE" box="[521,640,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Virchowia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC254E72FD247C8D8B6F81BD" author="Hartman" box="[708,881,444,470]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Hartman, O. (1959) Catalogue of the polychaetous annelids of the world. Part 1. Allan Hancock Foundation Publications. Occasional Paper, 23, 1 - 353." type="journal article" year="1959">Hartman 1959</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC254E72FC9E7C8D8C2381BD" author="Fauchald" box="[894,1085,444,470]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Fauchald, K. (1977 a) The polychaete worms. Definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Science Series, 28, 1 - 188." type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">Fauchald 1977a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC254E72FBA97C8D89588195" author="San" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="San Martin, G. &amp; Alos, C. (1989) Paraprocerastea crocantinae, a new genus and species (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Autolytinae) from the spanish mediterranean. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 102, 872 - 877." type="journal article" year="1989">San Martín &amp; Alós 1989</bibRefCitation>
; López &amp; San Martín 1997). See remarks for
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC254E72FC867CD58C1E8196" box="[870,1024,484,509]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Umbellisyllis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC254E72FC867CD58C1E8196" box="[870,1024,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Umbellisyllis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in &quot;Not Autolytinae­section&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC254E72FEE87F408D0D82A3" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC254E72FEE87F408C6682E0" blockId="82.[264,1144,625,651]" box="[264,1144,625,651]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC254E72FEE87F408C6682E0" bold="true" box="[264,1144,625,651]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC254E72FEE87F408B4382E0" ID-CoL="5BJHZ" authority="Imajima &amp; Hartman, 1964" authorityName="Imajima &amp; Hartman" authorityYear="1964" box="[264,861,625,651]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="japonica" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC254E72FEE87F4089ED82E0" bold="true" box="[264,499,625,651]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Virchowia japonica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC254E72FDE37F408B4B82E0" author="Imajima" box="[515,853,625,651]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Imajima, M. &amp; Hartman, O. (1964) The polychaetous annelids of Japan part 1. Allan Hancock Foundation Publications. Occasional Paper, 26, 1 - 237." type="journal article" year="1964">Imajima &amp; Hartman, 1964</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2236659CC254E72FC857F408BCE82E0" box="[869,976,625,651]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Fig. 33A–D)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC254E72FEE87F838D0D82A3" blockId="82.[264,1299,689,713]" box="[264,1299,689,713]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB74201ECC254E72FEE87F838D0D82A3" box="[264,1299,689,713]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC254E72FEE87F838B3382A3" ID-CoL="K22Q" authority="Imajima &amp; Hartman, 1964: 103" authorityName="Imajima &amp; Hartman" authorityPageNumber="103" authorityYear="1964" box="[264,813,689,713]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Autosyllis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC254E72FEE87F8389CB82A2" box="[264,469,690,713]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Autosyllis japonica</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC52121CC254E72FE3C7F808B3382A3" author="Imajima" box="[476,813,689,712]" page="103" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC254E72FE3C7F808AE482A3" author="Imajima" box="[476,762,689,712]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Imajima, M. &amp; Hartman, O. (1964) The polychaetous annelids of Japan part 1. Allan Hancock Foundation Publications. Occasional Paper, 26, 1 - 237." type="journal article" year="1964">Imajima &amp; Hartman, 1964</bibRefCitation>
: 103
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–105, pl. 22, fig. D–H;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC52121CC254E72FBC67F808CFB82A3" author="Imajima" box="[1062,1253,689,712]" page="82" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC254E72FBC67F808CA182A3" author="Imajima" box="[1062,1215,689,712]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Imajima, M. (1966) The Syllidae (Polychaetous Annelids) from Japan (2) Autolytinae. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 14, 27 - 83." type="journal article" year="1966">Imajima 1966</bibRefCitation>
: 82
</treatmentCitation>
–83.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC254E72FEE87FC58A02835D" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC254E72FEE87FC58A02835D" blockId="82.[264,1325,756,1902]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC254E72FEE87FC589E28365" bold="true" box="[264,508,756,782]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC254E72FDF37FC58A418365" bold="true" box="[531,607,756,782]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<collectingCountry id="F37347A0CC254E72FDF37FC58A418365" box="[531,607,756,782]" name="Japan" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Japan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC254E72FD977FC58AC38365" box="[631,733,756,782]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED759FF5CC254E72FD0D7FC58B5C8365" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[749,834,756,782]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">LACM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED759FF5CC254E72FCB07FC58BBB8365" box="[848,933,756,782]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">POLY­</collectionCode>
0155, off Shirikishinai, surface, plankton net,
<date id="FFDA21F0CC254E72FE487E2D8A06835D" box="[424,536,796,822]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1958-10">Oct 1958</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC254E72FED87E75896E83ED" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC254E72FED87E75896E83ED" blockId="82.[264,1325,756,1902]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC254E72FED87E7589AE8335" bold="true" box="[312,432,836,862]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F37347A0CC254E72FE277E758A1D8335" box="[455,515,836,862]" name="Malta" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Male</collectingCountry>
stolon of
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC254E72FD727E758B178336" box="[658,777,836,861]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC254E72FD727E758B178336" box="[658,777,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Virchowia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC254E72FCF07E758B5A8335" box="[784,836,836,862]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">type</typeStatus>
with triangular prechaetal lamellae in region b.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC254E73FED87EA58AC8824D" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC254E72FED87EA589F48395" blockId="82.[264,1325,756,1902]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC254E72FED87EA589D783C5" bold="true" box="[312,457,916,942]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Description</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F37347A0CC254E72FE387EA58A0A83C5" box="[472,532,916,942]" name="Malta" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Male</collectingCountry>
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC254E72FDFD7EA58A4E83C5" box="[541,592,916,942]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">type</typeStatus>
complete, length
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC254E72FCC57EA58B9E83C5" box="[805,896,916,942]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
for 6+13+12 chaetigers, width
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC254E72FB187EA5892883BD" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
in region a,
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC254E72FE267E8D8A0983BD" box="[454,535,956,982]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="in" value="0.8">0.80 in</quantity>
region b. Preserved material whitish, without colour markings. Ciliation not assessed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC254E72FED8793D8A4884F5" blockId="82.[264,1325,756,1902]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Prostomium with straight anterior margin. Four eyes, with lenses; eyes situated on ventral and dorsal side of prostomium, ventral pair larger (Fig. 33A, B). Palps absent. Nuchal epaulettes present as 2 short outgrowths (Fig. 33A), originating just lateral and posterior to median antenna.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC254E72FED8799D8B1B8775" blockId="82.[264,1325,756,1902]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Median antenna reaching chaetiger 7–8, c. 1/4 of body length. Lateral bifid antennae, as long as or slightly longer than prostomial width; basal part 1/2 of total length, inner dorsal rami longer and stouter than outer ventral. Frontal processes, equal to 1/4 of prostomial width. Tentacular cirri 2 pairs; dorsal pair as long as 1/2 prostomial width, ventral tentacular cirri 1/2 as long as dorsal pair (Fig. 33B). First dorsal cirri, equal in length to median antenna; achaetous knobs absent (Fig. 33B). Second dorsal cirri situated above first chaetigerous lobe (Fig. 33B). Cirri from chaetiger 1 alternate in direction in region a, and b, with regular DU­group (Fig. 33A); thus cirri on chaetiger 1, 3, 5 and so forth pointing down, and cirri on chaetiger 2, 4, 6 and so forth pointing up. Cirri in region a unequal; short cirri equals 1/4 of body width, long cirri equals 1/2 of body width; cirri in region b reciprocally more or less equal in length, slightly shorter than long cirri in region a; cirri in region c short (Fig. 33A). Median ceratophore, large cirrophore on first dorsal cirri, and small inconspicuous cirrophores in region a, present; otherwise cirrophores absent. Median antenna, tentacular cirri, first dorsal cirri, short cirri in region a, cylindrical; long cirri in region a thick, slightly club shaped, cirri in region b flattened, slightly fusiform; cirri in region c cylindrical or slightly club shaped.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC254E73FED87A1D8AC8824D" blockId="82.[264,1325,756,1902]" lastBlockId="83.[264,1323,284,670]" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
Parapodia with rounded conical neuropodial lobes, small to medium in size; parapodia in region b flattened and provided with well­developed notopodial lobes, equipped with a presetal triangular lamellae (Fig. 33C). Single neuropodial acicula in region a and c,
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC244E73FB1C7C2D8D35815D" box="[1276,1323,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
region b; 2 anterodorsal and 3 thick and 4 thin posteroventral notopodial aciculae in region b. Neuropodial chaetal fascicle with c. 10 compounds. Compound chaetae with 2 small teeth (Fig. 33D), distal tooth somewhat smaller; serration present, well­developed (Fig. 33D). Single thick bayonet chaetae, distally dilated (Fig. 33D), beginning at chaetiger 1. Notopodial chaetal fascicle with c. 20 swimming chaetae (Fig. 33C), length 3/4 of body width. Pygidium with 2 short anal cirri.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC244E73FED87F028B098225" box="[312,791,563,590]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC244E73FED87F028B098225" blockId="83.[264,1323,284,670]" box="[312,791,563,590]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC244E73FED87F0289CF8226" bold="true" box="[312,465,563,589]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Distribution</emphasis>
. North West Pacific.
<collectingCountry id="F37347A0CC244E73FD2D7F058B0A8225" box="[717,788,564,590]" name="Japan" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC244E73FED87F6A8C2F82F5" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC244E73FED87F6A8C2F82F5" blockId="83.[264,1323,284,670]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC244E73FED87F6A89B4821E" bold="true" box="[312,426,603,629]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F37347A0CC244E73FE5B7F6D89C2821D" box="[443,476,604,630]" name="American Samoa" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">As</collectingCountry>
judged from the shape of the compound chaetae, it is probable that
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC244E73FAF57F6D897082F6" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Autosyllis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC244E73FAF57F6D897082F6" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">V. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most closely related to
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC244E73FD417FB58B0E82F6" box="[673,784,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">V. c l a v a t a</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC244E73FCB47FB58C3782F6" box="[852,1065,644,669]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longipharyngea">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC244E73FCB47FB58C3782F6" box="[852,1065,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">V. longipharyngea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC244E73FEE87FCD8BE88336" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC244E73FEE87FCD8CDA837D" blockId="83.[264,1220,764,790]" box="[264,1220,764,790]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC244E73FEE87FCD8CDA837D" bold="true" box="[264,1220,764,790]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC244E73FEE87FCD8BB2837D" ID-CoL="5BJJ2" authority="Hartmann-Schroder, 1989" authorityName="Hartmann-Schroder" authorityYear="1989" box="[264,940,764,790]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longipharyngea" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC244E73FEE87FCD8A54837D" bold="true" box="[264,586,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Virchowia longipharyngea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC244E73FDB97FCD8BBA837D" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[601,932,764,790]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1989) Die Polychaeten der antiborealen und subtropisch-tropischen Kuste Sudost-Australiens zwischen Lakes Entrance (Victoria) im Suden und Maclean (New South Wales) im Norden. Teil 14. In: Hartmann-Schroder, G. &amp; Hartman, G. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 86, 11 - 63." type="journal article" year="1989">Hartmann­Schröder, 1989</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2236659CC244E73FC537FCD8C00837D" box="[947,1054,764,790]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Fig. 34A–E)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC244E73FEE87E768BE88336" blockId="83.[264,1014,838,862]" box="[264,1014,838,862]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB74201ECC244E73FEE87E768BE88336" box="[264,1014,838,862]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC244E73FEE87E768A848336" ID-CoL="4MMRZ" authority="Hartmann" authorityName="Hartmann" box="[264,666,838,862]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Proceraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longipharyngea">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC244E73FEE87E768A388335" box="[264,550,839,862]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Proceraea longipharyngea</emphasis>
Hartmann
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0AC52121CC244E73FD477E778B6D8336" author="Schroder" box="[679,883,838,861]" page="34" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC244E73FD477E778B528336" author="Schroder" box="[679,844,838,861]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1989) Die Polychaeten der antiborealen und subtropisch-tropischen Kuste Sudost-Australiens zwischen Lakes Entrance (Victoria) im Suden und Maclean (New South Wales) im Norden. Teil 14. In: Hartmann-Schroder, G. &amp; Hartman, G. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 86, 11 - 63." type="journal article" year="1989">Schröder, 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 34
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 52–55.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC244E73FEE87EBF89C383BA" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC244E73FEE87EBF89C383BA" blockId="83.[264,1324,910,1897]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC244E73FEE87EBF89E883C3" bold="true" box="[264,502,910,936]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC244E73FDE57EBF8A6483C3" bold="true" box="[517,634,910,936]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<collectingCountry id="F37347A0CC244E73FDE57EBF8A6483C3" box="[517,634,910,936]" name="Australia" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Australia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC244E73FD6B7EBE8AEC83C2" box="[651,754,911,937]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED759FF5CC244E73FD197EBE8B2483C2" box="[761,826,911,937]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">ZMH</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED759FF5CC244E73FCA37EBE8B4083C2" box="[835,862,911,937]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P­</collectionCode>
19670, Eden, Quarantine Bay, algae on rocks,
<date id="FFDA21F0CC244E73FEB67E8689C783BA" box="[342,473,951,977]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="1976-01-02">2 Jan 1976</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC244E73FED87EEF89A9844A" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC244E73FED87EEF89A9844A" blockId="83.[264,1324,910,1897]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC244E73FED87EEF89AE8393" bold="true" box="[312,432,990,1016]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC244E73FE5E7EEE8A2D8393" box="[446,563,991,1016]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC244E73FE5E7EEE8A2D8393" box="[446,563,991,1016]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Virchowia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with long sinuated pharynx; compound chaetae with well­developed serration.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC244E74FED8791F8AD781BD" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC244E73FED8791F8CB1841A" blockId="83.[264,1324,910,1897]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC244E73FED8791F89D78423" bold="true" box="[312,457,1070,1096]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Description</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC244E73FE3A791E8A598422" box="[474,583,1071,1097]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
incomplete, length
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC244E73FCD8791E8B8B8422" box="[824,917,1071,1097]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
for 13 chaetigers, width
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC244E73FB27791E8D368422" box="[1223,1320,1071,1097]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
. Preserved material whitish, no colour markings. Ciliation not possible to assess.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC244E73FED8794E8B9D8482" blockId="83.[264,1324,910,1897]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Eyes separated (Fig. 34B); eye spots absent. Palps small, not projecting in front of prostomium, fusion not assessed. Nuchal epaulettes on outgrowths (Fig. 34B), originating from backside of prostomium, reaching chaetiger 2–3.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC244E73FED879C68D058612" blockId="83.[264,1324,910,1897]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
Median antenna reaching chaetiger 4. Lateral antennae and dorsal tentacular cirri, length 2/3 of median antenna. Ventral tentacular cirri 1/2 as long as dorsal pair. First dorsal cirri 4/5 as long as median antenna, second dorsal cirri equal in size to short dorsal cirri. From chaetiger 3–14 cirri with usual alternation in direction. Dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3, alternate in length; short cirri equals 2/3 of body width, long cirri equals two times body width; cirri with distinct alternation in placement, long cirri inserted dorsal to short cirri. Cirrophores present on tentacular cirri, and on all large cirri, cirrophores on short cirri either absent or very short. Cirrostyles unequal; cirrostyles on short cirri c. 1/
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC244E73FB6D7B3E8CA48642" box="[1165,1210,1551,1577]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
length of cirrostyles on long cirri; cirrophores on long cirri broad, distinct; cirrophores shorter than parapodial lobes; cirrophores shorter than cirrostyles. All appendages clavate (Fig. 34A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC244E73FED87BB68C2E8772" blockId="83.[264,1324,910,1897]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Parapodial lobes small, rounded. Single acicula present in all chaetigers. Chaetal fascicle with 5–8 compounds in all chaetigers. Compound chaetae with 2 small teeth (Fig. 34E), distal tooth somewhat smaller; serration well­developed (Fig. 34E). Single thick bayonet chaetae, distally dilated (Fig. 34E), beginning at chaetiger 1.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC244E74FED87A168CBE8135" blockId="83.[264,1324,910,1897]" lastBlockId="84.[264,1325,284,590]" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Pharynx with numerous sinuations anterior and lateral to proventricle (Fig. 34C). Trepan in chaetiger 2, with c. 20 equal teeth. Basal ring present (Fig. 34D); absence/presence of infradental spines not possible to assess. Proventricle equal in length to 1 segment (Fig. 34C) in chaetiger 4–5 with c. 18 rows of muscle cells. Posterior part lost.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC234E74FED87C5A8B6981C5" blockId="84.[264,1325,284,590]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC234E74FED87C5A89FA81EE" bold="true" box="[312,484,363,389]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Reproduction</emphasis>
. Unknown, but the
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC234E74FD357C5D8B2581ED" box="[725,827,364,390]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is a fragment of 13 chaetigers indicating the possibility of schizogamy by anterior scissiparity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC234E74FED87C8A8AD781BD" blockId="84.[264,1325,284,590]" box="[312,713,443,470]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC234E74FED87C8A898681BE" bold="true" box="[312,408,443,469]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Habitat</emphasis>
. Intertidal amongst algae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC234E74FED87CD28932824D" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC234E74FED87CD28932824D" blockId="84.[264,1325,284,590]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC234E74FED87CD289CF8196" bold="true" box="[312,465,483,509]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Distribution</emphasis>
. South West Pacific. South East
<collectingCountry id="F37347A0CC234E74FCBB7CD58BD48195" box="[859,970,484,510]" name="Australia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Australia</collectingCountry>
, only known from
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC234E74FB4E7CD58CFF8195" box="[1198,1249,484,510]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC234E74FED87F028AED8225" box="[312,755,563,590]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC234E74FED87F028AED8225" blockId="84.[264,1325,284,590]" box="[312,755,563,590]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC234E74FED87F0289B48226" bold="true" box="[312,426,563,589]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Remarks</emphasis>
. See remarks for
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC234E74FD997F058AF78226" box="[633,745,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">V. c l a v a t a</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC234E74FEE87F9D8BED8366" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC234E74FEE87F9D8C6582AD" blockId="84.[264,1147,684,710]" box="[264,1147,684,710]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC234E74FEE87F9D8C6582AD" bold="true" box="[264,1147,684,710]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC234E74FEE87F9D8B7F82AD" ID-CoL="5BJJ3" authority="Hartmann-Schroder, 1983" authorityName="Hartmann-Schroder" authorityYear="1983" box="[264,865,684,710]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pectinans" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC234E74FEE87F9D89E182AD" bold="true" box="[264,511,684,710]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Virchowia pectinans</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC234E74FDEE7F9D8B4782AD" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[526,857,684,710]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1983) Die Polychaeten der antiborealen Sudwestkuste Australiens (zwischen Dunsborough im Norden und Denmark im Suden). Teil 9. In: Hartmann-Schroder, G. &amp; Hartman, G. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 80, 123 - 167." type="journal article" year="1983">Hartmann­Schröder, 1983</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2236659CC234E74FC887F9D8BCD82AD" box="[872,979,684,710]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Fig. 35A–D)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC234E74FEE87FC68BED8366" blockId="84.[264,1011,758,782]" box="[264,1011,758,782]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB74201ECC234E74FEE87FC68BED8366" box="[264,1011,758,782]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC234E74FEE87FC68B268366" ID-CoL="4MMSD" authority="Hartmann-Schroder, 1983: 136" authorityName="Hartmann-Schroder" authorityPageNumber="136" authorityYear="1983" box="[264,824,758,782]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Proceraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pectinans">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC234E74FEE87FC689FA8365" box="[264,484,759,782]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Proceraea pectinans</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC52121CC234E74FE0B7FC78B268366" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[491,824,758,781]" page="136" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC234E74FE0B7FC78B1B8366" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[491,773,758,781]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1983) Die Polychaeten der antiborealen Sudwestkuste Australiens (zwischen Dunsborough im Norden und Denmark im Suden). Teil 9. In: Hartmann-Schroder, G. &amp; Hartman, G. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 80, 123 - 167." type="journal article" year="1983">Hartmann­Schröder, 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 136
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–137, figs 22–26.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC234E74FEE87E0F8BFC83EA" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC234E74FEE87E0F8BFC83EA" blockId="84.[264,1324,830,1897]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC234E74FEE87E0F89E98333" bold="true" box="[264,503,830,856]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC234E74FDE77E0F8A628333" bold="true" box="[519,636,830,856]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<collectingCountry id="F37347A0CC234E74FDE77E0F8A628333" box="[519,636,830,856]" name="Australia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Australia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 1
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC234E74FD467E0E8B158332" box="[678,779,831,857]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(male stolon)
<collectionCode id="ED759FF5CC234E74FC5B7E0E8BE28332" box="[955,1020,831,857]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">ZMH</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED759FF5CC234E74FBE57E0E8C3E8332" box="[1029,1056,831,857]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">P­</collectionCode>
17402, Margaret river, Prevelly park, coralline algae on exposed rocks,
<date id="FFDA21F0CC234E74FCA27E568BC083EA" box="[834,990,871,897]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1975-11-11">11 Nov 1975</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC234E74FED87EBF8AE383BA" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC234E74FED87EBF8AE383BA" blockId="84.[264,1324,830,1897]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC234E74FED87EBF89AE83C3" bold="true" box="[312,432,910,936]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC234E74FE207EBE8A2B83C3" box="[448,565,911,936]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC234E74FE207EBE8A2B83C3" box="[448,565,911,936]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Virchowia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 7 large and 10 smaller teeth in trepan, a pharynx with single sinuation; simple fused chaetae absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC234E75FED87EEF8C0C85FD" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC234E74FED87EEF8C2B844A" blockId="84.[264,1324,830,1897]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC234E74FED87EEF89D78393" bold="true" box="[312,457,990,1016]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Description</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC234E74FE3C7EEE8A578392" box="[476,585,991,1017]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
lost. Description from literature (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC234E74FC097EEE8D008392" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[1001,1310,991,1017]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1983) Die Polychaeten der antiborealen Sudwestkuste Australiens (zwischen Dunsborough im Norden und Denmark im Suden). Teil 9. In: Hartmann-Schroder, G. &amp; Hartman, G. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 80, 123 - 167." type="journal article" year="1983">Hartmann­Schröder 1983</bibRefCitation>
). Length
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC234E74FE82793689B8844A" box="[354,422,1031,1057]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
for 49 chaetigers, width
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC234E74FD2B79368B26844A" box="[715,824,1031,1057]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="0.34">0.34 mm</quantity>
. No colour markings.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC234E74FED8791E8A5684F2" blockId="84.[264,1324,830,1897]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Eyes large; eye spots not mentioned. Palps in dorsal view projecting 1/2 of prostomial length, fusion not mentioned. Nuchal epaulettes broad, reaching end of chaetiger 1, possibly situated on outgrowths.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC234E74FED879968ACD866A" blockId="84.[264,1324,830,1897]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
Median antenna lost, lateral antennae reaching chaetiger 2 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC234E74FC15799689478482" author="Hartmann-Schroder" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1983) Die Polychaeten der antiborealen Sudwestkuste Australiens (zwischen Dunsborough im Norden und Denmark im Suden). Teil 9. In: Hartmann-Schroder, G. &amp; Hartman, G. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 80, 123 - 167." type="journal article" year="1983">Hartmann­Schröder 1983: fig. 22</bibRefCitation>
). Dorsal tentacular cirri shorter than lateral antennae, ventral tentacular cirri 1/2 as long as dorsal pair. First dorsal cirri longer than lateral antennae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC234E74FBDF79C689BA8552" author="Hartmann-Schroder" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1983) Die Polychaeten der antiborealen Sudwestkuste Australiens (zwischen Dunsborough im Norden und Denmark im Suden). Teil 9. In: Hartmann-Schroder, G. &amp; Hartman, G. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 80, 123 - 167." type="journal article" year="1983">Hartmann­Schröder 1983: fig. 22</bibRefCitation>
). Dorsal cirri from chaetiger 2 alternate in length; long cirri equals 1/2 body width in anterior region, equal to body width in posterior region, short cirri distinctly shorter. Cirrophores not described, cirrostyles unequal. Lateral antennae and tentacular cirri more or less cylindrical, possibly slightly clavate (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC234E74FC6F78A68D0385DA" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[911,1309,1431,1457]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1983) Die Polychaeten der antiborealen Sudwestkuste Australiens (zwischen Dunsborough im Norden und Denmark im Suden). Teil 9. In: Hartmann-Schroder, G. &amp; Hartman, G. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 80, 123 - 167." type="journal article" year="1983">Hartmann­Schröder 1983: fig. 22</bibRefCitation>
), short cirrostyles slightly clavate, first dorsal cirri and long cirrostyles thicker, slightly clavate (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC234E74FED978D68AD8866A" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[313,710,1511,1537]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1983) Die Polychaeten der antiborealen Sudwestkuste Australiens (zwischen Dunsborough im Norden und Denmark im Suden). Teil 9. In: Hartmann-Schroder, G. &amp; Hartman, G. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 80, 123 - 167." type="journal article" year="1983">Hartmann­Schröder 1983: fig. 22</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC234E74FED87B3E898F8612" blockId="84.[264,1324,830,1897]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Parapodial lobes small, with &quot;subaciculären lappen&quot;. Compound chaetae with small distal tooth; serration present. Single thick bayonet chaetae, distally dilated, beginning at chaetiger 1.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC234E74FED87BB689BE8772" blockId="84.[264,1324,830,1897]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
Pharynx with sinuation anterior to proventricle; trepan with c. 17 teeth, 7 large and 10 smaller, 1 large alternating with 1–2 smaller, arranged in 1 ring (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC234E74FC167B9E8945869A" author="Hartmann-Schroder" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1983) Die Polychaeten der antiborealen Sudwestkuste Australiens (zwischen Dunsborough im Norden und Denmark im Suden). Teil 9. In: Hartmann-Schroder, G. &amp; Hartman, G. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 80, 123 - 167." type="journal article" year="1983">Hartmann­Schröder 1983: fig. 22</bibRefCitation>
). Proventricle equal in length to 2 segments in chaetiger 5–6 with c. 26 rows of muscle cells.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC234E74FED87A178C95872A" blockId="84.[264,1324,830,1897]" box="[312,1163,1830,1857]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC234E74FED87A1789FA872B" bold="true" box="[312,484,1830,1856]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Reproduction</emphasis>
. Schizogamy by anterior scissiparity behind chaetiger 13.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC234E75FED87A7F8AC28135" blockId="84.[264,1324,830,1897]" lastBlockId="85.[264,1324,284,1790]" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC234E74FED87A7F8AD58703" bold="true" box="[312,715,1870,1896]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Morphology of epitokous stages.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F37347A0CC234E74FD337A7E8B118702" box="[723,783,1871,1897]" name="Malta" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Male</collectingCountry>
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC234E74FCF67A7E8B658702" box="[790,891,1871,1897]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
incomplete, length
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC234E74FB847A7E8CA08702" box="[1124,1214,1871,1897]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
for 6+16 chaetigers, width
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC224E75FE397C2D8A2A815D" box="[473,564,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
in region a,
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC224E75FD2A7C2D8B10815D" box="[714,782,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="in" value="0.5">0.5 in</quantity>
region b. Preserved material whitish, without colour markings. Ciliation not assessed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC224E75FED87C5D8A9681BD" blockId="85.[264,1324,284,1790]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Four eyes, with lenses; eyes situated on ventral and dorsal side of prostomium, ventral pair larger. Palps absent. Nuchal epaulettes as two short outgrowths, origination just lateral and posterior to median antenna.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC224E75FED87CD58C3E843D" blockId="85.[264,1324,284,1790]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Median antenna reaching chaetiger 3–4, equal in length to 1/5 of body length. Lateral bifid antennae as long as prostomial width; basal part 1/2 of total length; inner dorsal rami slightly longer than outer ventral. Frontal processes not possible to observe due to curled anterior appendages. Tentacular cirri 2 pairs (Fig. 35B); dorsal pair equal in length to 1/2 of prostomial width, ventral tentacular cirri 1/2 as long as dorsal pair. First dorsal cirri equal in length to median antenna; achaetous knobs absent. Second dorsal cirri situated above first chaetigerous lobe (Fig. 35B). Cirri from chaetiger 1 alternate in direction, with regular DU­groups (Fig. 35A, B); thus cirri on chaetiger 1, 3, 5 and so forth pointing down, and cirri on chaetiger 2, 4, 6 and so forth pointing up. Cirri in region a unequal (Fig. 35A, B); short cirri equals 1/3 of body width, long cirri equals body width; cirri in region b reciprocally equal, equal in length to short cirri in region a (Fig. 35A). Cirri in region a with distinct alternation in placement, long cirri inserted dorsal to short cirri. Median ceratophore not possible to assess, large cirrophores on first dorsal cirri, and cirrophores on large dorsal cirri, present; cirrophores otherwise absent or inconspicuous. Median antenna, and first dorsal cirri cylindrical, large cirri in region a swollen and clavate; tentacular cirri, short cirri in region a, and cirri in region b, thinner, slightly clavate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC224E75FED879558D398505" blockId="85.[264,1324,284,1790]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Parapodia with rounded conical neuropodial lobes, small to medium in size; parapodia in region b flattened and provided with well­developed notopodial lobes, without presetal triangular lamellae. Single neuropodial acicula in region a,
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC224E75FC2179858BF084A5" box="[961,1006,1204,1230]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
region b; 2–3 anterodorsal and 7–8 posteroventral notopodial aciculae in region b (Fig. 35D). Neuropodial chaetal fascicle with 5–12 compounds, similar to compounds in atokes (Fig. 35C). Thick bayonet chaetae, distally dilated (Fig. 35C), beginning at chaetiger 1. Notopodial chaetal fascicle with 10–15 swimming chaetae, length equal to body width in region b. Posterior part lost.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC224E75FED8784D8C0C85FD" blockId="85.[264,1324,284,1790]" box="[312,1042,1404,1430]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC224E75FED8784D898685FD" bold="true" box="[312,408,1404,1430]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Habitat</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC224E75FE46784D8A0385FE" box="[422,541,1404,1429]" class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC224E75FE46784D8A0385FE" box="[422,541,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Posidonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC224E75FDCC784D8ABD85FE" box="[556,675,1404,1429]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Halophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC224E75FDCC784D8ABD85FE" box="[556,675,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Halophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC224E75FD51784D8B3D85FE" box="[689,803,1404,1429]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Corallina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC224E75FD51784D8B3D85FE" box="[689,803,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Corallina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, intertidal, exposed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC224E75FED8789589E3858D" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC224E75FED8789589E3858D" blockId="85.[264,1324,284,1790]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC224E75FED8789589CF85D5" bold="true" box="[312,465,1444,1470]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Distribution</emphasis>
. East Indian Ocean. South West
<collectingCountry id="F37347A0CC224E75FC8078958BCE85D5" box="[864,976,1444,1470]" name="Australia" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Dunsborough, and Margaret River, Prevelly Park.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC224E75FED878C5896B8695" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC224E75FED878C5896B8695" blockId="85.[264,1324,284,1790]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC224E75FED878C589B48665" bold="true" box="[312,426,1524,1550]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Remarks</emphasis>
. Unfortunately the
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC224E75FD6E78C58AEB8665" box="[654,757,1524,1550]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
has been lost, but Hartmann­Schröder's description is sufficiently good. The nuchal epaulettes would however need to be re­examined. They are described as being &quot;lappenartig&quot;, and broad, but according to the picture it is possible that they are situated on outgrowths; further support for this is found in the male stolon
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC224E75FED87BA5898386C5" box="[312,413,1684,1710]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
with its nuchal epaulettes on outgrowths. The long cirri are interpreted as being inserted dorsal to the short cirri as this is the situation in region a in the male
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC224E75FEE87BD5896F8695" box="[264,369,1764,1790]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC214E76FEE87C2D8BD381F6" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC214E76FEE87C2D8BD381F6" blockId="86.[264,968,283,310]" lastBlockId="86.[264,1086,358,414]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC214E76FEE87C2D8BD6815E" bold="true" box="[264,968,283,310]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC214E76FEE87C2D8AAE815E" ID-CoL="5BJJ4" authority="Augener, 1913" authorityName="Augener" authorityYear="1913" box="[264,688,283,310]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spirifer" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC214E76FEE87C2D89FD815D" bold="true" box="[264,483,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Virchowia spirifer</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC214E76FE127C2A8AB6815E" author="Augener" box="[498,680,283,309]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refString="Augener, H. (1913) Polychaeta 1, Errantia. In: Michaelsen, W. &amp; Hartmeyer, R. (Eds) Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905, vol 4, Lieferung 5. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 65 - 304." type="journal article" year="1913">Augener, 1913</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2236659CC214E76FD587C2A8B3D815E" box="[696,803,283,309]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Fig. 36A–F)
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC214E76FEE87C568A838116" ID-CoL="JZ69" authority="Augener, 1913: 260" authorityName="Augener" authorityPageNumber="260" authorityYear="1913" box="[264,669,358,382]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Autolytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spirifer">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC214E76FEE87C5689DF8115" box="[264,449,359,382]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Autolytus spirifer</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF57AC1CC214E76FE297C578A748116" author="Augener" box="[457,618,358,381]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refString="Augener, H. (1913) Polychaeta 1, Errantia. In: Michaelsen, W. &amp; Hartmeyer, R. (Eds) Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905, vol 4, Lieferung 5. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 65 - 304." type="journal article" year="1913">Augener, 1913</bibRefCitation>
: 260
</taxonomicName>
–263, pl. 3, fig. 26–28, textfig. 41A–C.
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC214E76FEE87CB68B0181F6" ID-CoL="4MMSV" authority="Hartmann-Schroder, 1990: 57" authorityName="Hartmann-Schroder" authorityPageNumber="57" authorityYear="1990" box="[264,799,390,414]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Procerastea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cirrata">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC214E76FEE87CB689C481F5" box="[264,474,391,414]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Procerastea cirrata</emphasis>
Hartmann­Schröder, 1990: 57
</taxonomicName>
–58, figs 27–29.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC214E76FEE87CFF8A03820A" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC214E76FEE87CFF8A03820A" blockId="86.[264,1324,462,1889]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC214E76FEE87CFF89EB8183" bold="true" box="[264,501,462,488]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC214E76FDE47CFF8A678183" bold="true" box="[516,633,462,488]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<collectingCountry id="F37347A0CC214E76FDE47CFF8A678183" box="[516,633,462,488]" name="Australia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Australia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC214E76FD6A7CFE8AEF8182" box="[650,753,463,489]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED759FF5CC214E76FD187CFE8B278182" box="[760,825,463,489]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">ZMH</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED759FF5CC214E76FCA17CFE8B418182" box="[833,863,463,489]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">V­</collectionCode>
7976, Shark Bay, NNO from the northern point of Heirisson Prong,
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC214E76FD917CC68AEA827A" box="[625,756,503,529]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.175" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="m" value="11.75" valueMax="12.5" valueMin="11.0">11–12.5 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDA21F0CC214E76FCE27CC68B84827A" box="[770,922,503,529]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1905-06-18">18 Jun 1905</date>
;
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC214E76FC487CC68C11827A" box="[936,1039,503,529]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC214E76FBDA7CC68D3D827B" box="[1082,1315,503,528]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Procerastea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cirrata">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC214E76FBDA7CC68D3D827B" box="[1082,1315,503,528]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Procerastea cirrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode id="ED759FF5CC214E76FEE87F2E89578252" box="[264,329,543,569]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">ZMH</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED759FF5CC214E76FEB47F2E89718252" box="[340,367,543,569]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P­</collectionCode>
19970, Brisbane, stony beach on Redcliffe Point north of city, intertidal, algae with sand,
<date id="FFDA21F0CC214E76FE687F768A07820A" box="[392,537,583,609]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1976-01-23">23 Jan 1976</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC214E76FED87F5F89FA82B2" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC214E76FED87F5F89FA82B2" blockId="86.[264,1324,462,1889]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC214E76FED87F5F89AE82E3" bold="true" box="[312,432,622,648]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC214E76FE237F5E8A2682E3" box="[451,568,623,648]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC214E76FE237F5E8A2682E3" box="[451,568,623,648]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Virchowia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with simple chaetae in all chaetigers together with 1–2 compounds; short cirri cylindrical, large cirri clavate, distally pointed; nuchal epaulettes as curled outgrowths.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC214E77FED87FD78AD3837D" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC214E76FED87FD78CAB83CA" blockId="86.[264,1324,462,1889]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC214E76FED87FD789D7836B" bold="true" box="[312,457,742,768]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Description</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC214E76FE387FD68A5B836A" box="[472,581,743,769]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
in poor condition, complete except for anal cirri and pharynx. Length
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC214E76FE867E3E89DD8342" box="[358,451,783,809]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
for 40 chaetigers, width
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC214E76FD187E3E8B448342" box="[760,858,783,809]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
. Preserved material whitish, no colour markings.
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC214E76FE647E0689EF833A" box="[388,497,823,849]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC214E76FDF77E068A98833B" box="[535,646,823,848]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Procerastea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cirrata">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC214E76FDF77E068A98833B" box="[535,646,823,848]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. cirrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in good condition, complete. Length
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC214E76FBDD7E068C89833A" box="[1085,1175,823,849]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
for 16 chaetigers, width
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC214E76FE467E6E8A1B8312" box="[422,517,863,889]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
. Preserved material yellowish with white spots on cirri (Fig. 36A). Following description is based on the
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC214E76FD257EB68B3283CA" box="[709,812,903,929]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC214E76FCB47EB68BDC83CB" box="[852,962,903,928]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Procerastea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cirrata">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC214E76FCB47EB68BDC83CB" box="[852,962,903,928]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. cirrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except where noted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC214E76FED87E9E8C42839A" blockId="86.[264,1324,462,1889]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ciliation not possible to assess. Eyes separated; eye spots present. Palps small, in dorsal view not projecting in front of prostomium (Fig. 36A), basally fused.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC214E76FED87ECE898F8403" blockId="86.[264,1324,462,1889]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Nuchal epaulettes on outgrowths (Fig. 36A), originating from backside of prostomium, curled outwards like a cinnamon bun, reaching end of chaetiger 1 or beginning of chaetiger 2.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC214E76FED879468CB386AA" blockId="86.[264,1324,462,1889]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Median antenna lost. Lateral antennae reaching chaetiger 2. Dorsal tentacular cirri, length 2/3 of lateral antennae. Ventral tentacular cirri 1/2 as long as dorsal pair. First dorsal cirri reaching chaetiger 4, longer than lateral antennae, second dorsal cirri as long as ventral tentacular cirri. From chaetiger 1–12 cirri with usual alternation in direction, more posterior difficult to assess. Dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3 alternate in length (Fig. 36A); short cirri equals 1/2 of body width, long cirri equals 1.5 times body width. Cirri with distinct alternation in placement, long cirri inserted dorsal to short cirri. Cirrophores present on tentacular cirri, first dorsal cirri, and all dorsal cirri. Cirrophores and cirrostyles unequal; cirrophores on short cirri indistinct with thin base, cirrophores on long cirri broad, distinct; cirrostyles on short cirri c. 1/
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length of cirrostyles on long cirri; cirrophores shorter than parapodial lobes; cirrophores shorter than cirrostyles. Lateral antennae, tentacular cirri, first dorsal cirri, short dorsal cirri, and anal cirri cylindrical, large cirri clavate, distally pointed (Fig. 36A). Most appendages lost in
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC214E76FC357B668C22861A" box="[981,1084,1623,1649]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC214E76FB837B668CC6861B" box="[1123,1240,1623,1648]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Autolytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spirifer">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC214E76FB837B668CC6861B" box="[1123,1240,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">A. spirifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Large cirrophores present on chaetiger 1, 4, 6, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, and 30 which agrees with the usual alternation in direction of cirri followed by 1 DDU­group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC214E76FED87BFE8D36870A" blockId="86.[264,1324,462,1889]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Parapodial lobes rounded, small. All chaetigers with 1–2 aciculae. Chaetal fascicle with 4–5 fused chaetae, in anterior 6 chaetigers with very small distal tooth (Fig. 36C), in remainder chaetigers distal tooth still small, but more developed (Fig. 36E); faint denticulation present along fusion line (Fig. 36C, E); blade serration absent on fused chaetae (Fig.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC204E77FEE87C2D8C5A81ED" blockId="87.[264,1323,284,1030]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
36C, E). In addition 1–2 inferior compounds in most chaetigers, with small distal tooth (Fig. 36D); blade serration present. Single thick bayonet chaetae, distally dilated (Fig. 36F), beginning at chaetiger 6 (chaetiger
<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC204E77FD0C7C5D8B3681ED" box="[748,808,364,390]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
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of
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC204E77FC5C7C5D8C2D81EE" box="[956,1075,364,389]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Autolytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spirifer">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC204E77FC5C7C5D8C2D81EE" box="[956,1075,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">A. spirifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC204E77FED87CA58C8A8225" blockId="87.[264,1323,284,1030]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Pharynx with sinuation lateral to proventricle. Trepan in chaetiger 1 with c. 28 unequal teeth, 8 or 9 larger alternating with 19 or 20 smaller; 1 large alternating with 1–3 smaller (Fig. 36B), arranged in 1 ring. Basal ring present; infradental spines present (Fig. 36B). Proventricle equal in length to 1 segment in chaetiger 3, with 25–30 rows (
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<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC204E77FB247F3D8D35824D" box="[1220,1323,524,550]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC204E77FEC87F0589B68226" box="[296,424,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC204E77FEC87F0589BE8226" box="[296,416,564,589]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Autolytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spirifer">A. spirifer</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
of muscle cells. Anal cirri equal in length to 1/2 of body width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC204E77FED87F6A8D3F8285" blockId="87.[264,1323,284,1030]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC204E77FED87F6A8BAE821E" bold="true" box="[312,944,603,629]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Reproduction and morphology of epitokous stages</emphasis>
. Schizogamy by anterior scissiparity. The
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC204E77FE707FB589E882F5" box="[400,502,644,670]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC204E77FDC07FB58A8682F6" box="[544,664,644,669]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Autolytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spirifer">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC204E77FDC07FB58A8682F6" box="[544,664,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">A. spirifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a developing male stolon behind chaetiger 13. Stolon with four eyes, with lenses, in trapezoid arrangement, anterior pair larger; small bifid antennae, a median antennae, and small nuchal organs developed. No swimming chaetae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC204E77FED87FCD8AD3837D" blockId="87.[264,1323,284,1030]" box="[312,717,764,790]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC204E77FED87FCD8986837D" bold="true" box="[312,408,764,790]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Habitat</emphasis>
. Algae, intertidal to
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<quantity id="4C9CAAD5CC204E77FD6A7FCD8AD7837D" box="[650,713,764,790]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC204E77FED87E158C868355" box="[312,1176,804,830]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC204E77FED87E158C868355" blockId="87.[264,1323,284,1030]" box="[312,1176,804,830]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC204E77FED87E1589CF8355" bold="true" box="[312,465,804,830]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Distribution</emphasis>
. Indian Ocean, South West Pacific. East and West
<collectingCountry id="F37347A0CC204E77FBC47E158C8A8355" box="[1060,1172,804,830]" name="Australia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E54BBCC204E77FED87E7D8CD3846D" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDB0730CC204E77FED87E7D8CD3846D" blockId="87.[264,1323,284,1030]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC204E77FED87E7D89B4830D" bold="true" box="[312,426,844,870]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC204E77FE5B7E7D8A8F830E" box="[443,657,844,869]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spirifer">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC204E77FE5B7E7D8A8F830E" box="[443,657,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Virchowia spirifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique among
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC204E77FC8B7E7D8BFC830E" box="[875,994,844,869]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Virchowia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC204E77FC8B7E7D8BFC830E" box="[875,994,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Virchowia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in possessing simple fused chaetae. These chaetae are most similar to those found in the anterior two chaetigers of
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC204E77FEE87EAD89EC83DE" box="[264,498,924,949]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Imajimaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="draculai">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC204E77FEE87EAD89EC83DE" box="[264,498,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Imajimaea draculai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In other respects, such as shape of dorsal cirri, trepan structure, and bayonet­type, the two taxa are dissimilar. The synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C647CB3CC204E77FC3A7EF58C5483B6" box="[986,1098,964,989]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Procerastea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cirrata">
<emphasis id="B910DB22CC204E77FC3A7EF58C5483B6" box="[986,1098,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">P. cirrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is concluded from examination of
<typeStatus id="54DFB992CC204E77FE207EDD89ED846D" box="[448,499,1004,1030]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">type</typeStatus>
material, that agree in every detailed with Augener's material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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