221 lines
27 KiB
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221 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="7816FBBD0443FD95B138151392D59E2D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5543.1.9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385845" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917721081" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ahmed, Soran H. & Majeed, Soma I." docDate="2024" docId="03BE7210FF92CC52398EF91C1A0429BC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5543.1.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5543 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5543.1.9" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stiphrolamyra pleskei" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="143" masterDocId="FF870A68FF92CC503919FFB3197F2873" masterDocTitle="New record of a rare robber fly Stiphrolamyra pleskei (Becker, 1913) (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) for Kurdistan, Iraq" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="141" updateTime="1734390353602" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="3C8064D67F7E5CAAF045BB808802A1CE">New record of a rare robber fly Stiphrolamyra pleskei (Becker, 1913) (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) for Kurdistan, Iraq</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="48780795374E32945A398851A0C51658" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="53FF3AE84BF20D70DE3BB35B843CD472">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E27F909BA4C4C6876C8114B15B0EFBCD">Ahmed, Soran H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F742E1B9B567C7F72D33CC6875AABCBE" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2759-8746</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="CA91B84BA9EAFA79D49FA57E63179760">Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="732D030BFA4875CC27F9355522A93314" type="email">soran.ahmed@univsul.edu.iq</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="AB9F5467C89D4F77ED35D8E7BE9F3771">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A011C20F27E21C515BEFE8D09AB5BEC6">Majeed, Soma I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="489603F5545471BC1D187734820C1413" type="ORCID">0009-0006-4848-2151</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="31ED5F4197F2909E634A5675440B8A0F">Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="50EC36DF0F273B65031919AC572B97DE" type="email">soma.majeed@univsul.edu.iq</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C5A970BBDF937858CA4E78993E631CD8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8B16E77A08C8618F88844EA6CD621F9F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="43D6520F6E6C26EAFE0660493A2C0B2D">
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<mods:date id="54DA475D07CBB437EC1C694A7312AC4F">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BAA9DDF4228A0181F8CE41B53AFDF207">2024-12-02</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="778ADC8F34457E1A560EE030AB9D8F3A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7B74C02D82360F41CD9B82686EC736F9">5543</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="BA80CDDC3946FF96BA8762DEA41D9B40">141</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="1CE8BB64842A02E9A22063E5F1E490E9">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5543.1.9</mods:url>
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<treatment id="03BE7210FF92CC52398EF91C1A0429BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE7210FF92CC52398EF91C1A0429BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE7210FF92CC52398EF91C1A0429BC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<subSubSection id="C30D908DFF92CC50398EF91C1BB92EBA" box="[151,710,1711,1738]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA8C306FF92CC50398EF91C1BB92EBA" blockId="0.[151,1437,1711,2026]" box="[151,710,1711,1738]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<emphasis id="B9631F14FF92CC50398EF91C1BB92EBA" bold="true" box="[151,710,1711,1738]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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Species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C17B885FF92CC50381DF91C1BB92EBA" authority="(Becker, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Becker" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[260,710,1711,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Stiphrolamyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pleskei">
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<emphasis id="B9631F14FF92CC50381DF91C1B732EB9" bold="true" box="[260,524,1711,1738]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Stiphrolamyra pleskei</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86BEF7FF92CC503B05F91C1BC22EBA" author="Becker, T. & Stein, P." box="[540,701,1711,1737]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" pagination="503 - 654" refId="ref1243" refString="Becker, T. & Stein, P. (1913) Persische Dipteren von den Expedition des Herrn N. Zarudny 1898 und 1901. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de I Academie de Sciences, Petersbourg, 17, 503 - 654." type="journal article" year="1913">Becker, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30D908DFF92CC50398EF96619972E9E" box="[151,232,1749,1773]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA8C306FF92CC50398EF96619972E9E" blockId="0.[151,1437,1711,2026]" box="[151,232,1749,1773]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132CDF83FF92CC503986F96619A22E9E" box="[159,221,1749,1773]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,899,923]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,279,869]" captionTargetId="figure-41@1.[151,1436,271,875]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Stiphrolamyra pleskei (Becker, 1913) (a) dorsal view, (b) lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385849/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30D908DFF92CC50398EF94A18B42F46" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BA8C306FF92CC50398EF94A18B42F46" blockId="0.[151,1437,1711,2026]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<emphasis id="B9631F14FF92CC50398EF94A18532F62" bold="true" box="[151,300,1785,1809]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Distribution:</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F3008396FF92CC50382AF94A18C72F62" box="[307,440,1785,1809]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3008396FF92CC5038DDF949188D2F62" box="[452,498,1786,1809]" name="Iran" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Iran</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3008396FF92CC5038E7F9491B562F62" box="[510,553,1786,1809]" name="Iraq" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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(this study) and
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<collectingCountry id="F3008396FF92CC503BFDF94A1A4F2F62" box="[740,816,1785,1809]" name="Turkey" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86BEF7FF92CC503A59F94A1DE42F62" author="Hradsky, M. & Geller-Grimm, F." box="[832,1179,1785,1809]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" pagination="193 - 196" refId="ref1679" refString="Hradsky, M. & Geller-Grimm, F. (1997) Eine neue Art aus der Gattung Stiphrolamyra (Diptera, Asilidae, Laphriinae). Studia dipterologica, 4 (1), 193 - 196." type="journal article" year="1997">Hradský & Geller-Grimm 1997</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86BEF7FF92CC503DB1F94A1CE72F62" author="Kemal, M. & Seven, E." box="[1192,1432,1785,1809]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref1757" refString="Kemal, M. & Seven, E. (2009) Stiphrolamyra pleskei (Becker) an interesting and rare Robber Fly from South East Turkey (Diptera, Asilidae) (Project of the Cesa: Asilidae of East Turkey- 1). Cesa News, 51, 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="2009">Kemal & Seven 2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86BEF7FF92CC50398EF8AE18182F46" author="Ghahari, H. & Hayat, R. & Lavigne, R. J. & Ostovan, H." box="[151,359,1821,1845]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" pagination="1379 - 1446" refId="ref1558" refString="Ghahari, H., Hayat, R., Lavigne, R. J. & Ostovan, H. (2014) An annotated checklist of Iranian Asilidae (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera: Asiloidea). Linzer biologische Beitrage, 46 (2), 1379 - 1446." type="journal article" year="2014">
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Ghahari
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<emphasis id="B9631F14FF92CC5039EDF8AD185C2F46" box="[244,291,1821,1845]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="132CDF83FF92CC503864F8AE18C12F46" box="[381,446,1821,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1688,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,983,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-59@1.[151,1437,983,1663]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2. Global distribution map of Stiphrolamyra pleskei (Becker, 1913)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385851/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30D908DFF92CC5239DEF8F21A0429BC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA8C306FF92CC5139DEF8F2186F28A0" blockId="0.[151,1437,1711,2026]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1436,151,211]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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Although robber flies are more abundant in steppe and desert landscapes (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86BEF7FF92CC503AC8F8F21D092F2A" author="Astakhov, D. M." box="[977,1142,1857,1881]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" pagination="338 - 339" refId="ref1120" refString="Astakhov, D. M. (2011) Robber fly species (Diptera: Asilidae) new to the lower Volga area. Zoosystematica Rossica, 20 (2), 338 - 339. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / zsr / 2011.20.2.338" type="journal article" year="2011">Astakhov 2011</bibRefCitation>
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), our observation was made in the mountainous area at an elevation of
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<quantity id="4CEF6EE3FF92CC503B7FF8D61BBA2F0E" box="[614,709,1893,1917]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0779999999999998" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="1078.0">1,078 m</quantity>
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.a.s.l. in the Bamo-Khoshk Mountain, which is part of the extensive Zagros Mountain forest steppe ecoregion. The general habitat of the area is mainly consisting of rocky cliffs and mountain slopes with deciduous mixed oak forest dominated by
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<taxonomicName id="4C17B885FF92CC503BC7F81E1AE62FB6" box="[734,921,1965,1989]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aegilops">
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<emphasis id="B9631F14FF92CC503BC7F81E1AE62FB6" box="[734,921,1965,1989]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Quercus aegilops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C17B885FF92CC503ABEF81E1D6E2FB6" box="[935,1041,1965,1989]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brantii">
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<emphasis id="B9631F14FF92CC503ABEF81E1D6E2FB6" box="[935,1041,1965,1989]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Q. brantii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C17B885FF92CC503D07F81D1D9A2FB6" box="[1054,1253,1966,1989]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Pistacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="euricarpa">
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<emphasis id="B9631F14FF92CC503D07F81D1D9A2FB6" box="[1054,1253,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Pistacia euricarpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C17B885FF92CC503DEAF81D1C232FB6" box="[1267,1372,1965,1989]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Pistacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="khinjuk">
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<emphasis id="B9631F14FF92CC503DEAF81D1C232FB6" box="[1267,1372,1965,1989]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">P. khinjuk</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B9631F14FF92CC503C73F81E181E2F9A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName id="4C17B885FF92CC503C73F81E18222F9A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monospessulanum">Acer monospessulanum</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B9631F14FF92CC50388DF8621B1B2F9A" box="[404,612,2001,2025]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Cartaegus azarolus</emphasis>
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with many herbaceous communities (
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<figureCitation id="132CDF83FF92CC503AEEF8621D482F9A" box="[1015,1079,2001,2025]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,487,1450]" captionTargetId="figure-179@2.[151,1436,487,1450]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aspect of the habitat of Stiphrolamyra pleskei (Becker, 1913) in Iraq (Bamo-Khoshk Mountain)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385855/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). In this study, a single individual was observed in the morning (10 AM), sitting on the shrub branches with its hunted prey, close to a water source inside an orchard.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF68938EFF93CC513981FC301A9B2BE8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385849" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385849" box="[152,996,899,924]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385849/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="142" startId="1.[152,255,899,923]" targetBox="[158,1429,279,869]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BA8C306FF93CC513981FC301A9B2BE8" blockId="1.[152,996,899,924]" box="[152,996,899,924]" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">
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<emphasis id="B9631F14FF93CC513981FC3018662BE8" bold="true" box="[152,281,899,923]" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C17B885FF93CC513806FC301BE52BEF" authority="(Becker, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Becker" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[287,666,899,924]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Stiphrolamyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pleskei">
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<emphasis id="B9631F14FF93CC513806FC3018832BE8" box="[287,508,899,923]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">Stiphrolamyra pleskei</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86BEF7FF93CC513B13FC301BEC2BEF" author="Becker, T. & Stein, P." box="[522,659,899,924]" pageId="1" pageNumber="142" pagination="503 - 654" refId="ref1243" refString="Becker, T. & Stein, P. (1913) Persische Dipteren von den Expedition des Herrn N. Zarudny 1898 und 1901. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de I Academie de Sciences, Petersbourg, 17, 503 - 654." type="journal article" year="1913">Becker, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(a) dorsal view, (b) lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF68938EFF93CC513981F92B1ACA2EC3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385851" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385851" box="[152,949,1688,1712]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385851/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="142" startId="1.[152,255,1688,1712]" targetBox="[151,1437,983,1663]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BA8C306FF93CC513981F92B1ACA2EC3" blockId="1.[152,949,1688,1712]" box="[152,949,1688,1712]" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">
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<emphasis id="B9631F14FF93CC513981F92B18672EC3" bold="true" box="[152,280,1688,1712]" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Global distribution map of
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<taxonomicName id="4C17B885FF93CC513B2AF92B1ACE2EC3" authority="(Becker, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Becker" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[563,945,1688,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Stiphrolamyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pleskei">
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<emphasis id="B9631F14FF93CC513B2AF92B1A6F2EC3" box="[563,784,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">Stiphrolamyra pleskei</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86BEF7FF93CC513A07F92B1AD62EC3" author="Becker, T. & Stein, P." box="[798,937,1688,1712]" pageId="1" pageNumber="142" pagination="503 - 654" refId="ref1243" refString="Becker, T. & Stein, P. (1913) Persische Dipteren von den Expedition des Herrn N. Zarudny 1898 und 1901. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de I Academie de Sciences, Petersbourg, 17, 503 - 654." type="journal article" year="1913">Becker, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BA8C306FF93CC5139DEF8B71AAD2F87" blockId="1.[151,1437,1796,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">
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iNaturalist offers millions of digital observations, which are derived from citizen science data. These observations have different applications in scientific research, including species distribution models and interactions between species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86BEF7FF93CC513987F8FF18E22F17" author="Gazdic, M. & Groom, Q." box="[158,413,1868,1892]" pageId="1" pageNumber="142" refId="ref1433" refString="Gazdic, M. & Groom, Q. (2019) iNaturalist is an unexploited source of plant - insect interaction data. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards, 3, e 37303. https: // doi. org / 10.21829 / azm. 2020.3612281" type="journal volume" year="2019">Gazdic & Groom 2019</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86BEF7FF93CC5138B0F8FF1BF02F17" author="Di Cecco, G. J. & Barve, V. & Belitz, M. W. & Stucky, B. J. & Guralnick, R. P. & Hurlbert, A. H." box="[425,655,1868,1892]" pageId="1" pageNumber="142" pagination="1179 - 1188" refId="ref1350" refString="Di Cecco, G. J., Barve, V., Belitz, M. W., Stucky, B. J., Guralnick, R. P. & Hurlbert, A. H. (2021) Observing the observers: How participants contribute data to iNaturalist and implications for biodiversity science. BioScience, 71 (11), 1179 - 1188. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / biosci / biab 093" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Di Cecco
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<emphasis id="B9631F14FF93CC513B0EF8FE1B382F17" box="[535,583,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">et al</emphasis>
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. 2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86BEF7FF93CC513B82F8FF1AF82F17" author="Heberling, J. M. & Miller, J. T. & Noesgaard, D. & Weingart, S. B. & Schigel, D." box="[667,903,1868,1892]" pageId="1" pageNumber="142" refId="ref1611" refString="Heberling, J. M., Miller, J. T., Noesgaard, D., Weingart, S. B. & Schigel, D. (2021) Data integration enables global biodiversity synthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118 (6), e 2018093118. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 2018093118" type="journal volume" year="2021">
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Heberling
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<emphasis id="B9631F14FF93CC513A17F8FE1A412F17" box="[782,830,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">et al</emphasis>
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. 2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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). During this study, six observations of
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<taxonomicName id="4C17B885FF93CC513C2FF8FF1CE32F17" baseAuthorityName="Becker" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1334,1436,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Stiphrolamyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pleskei">
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<emphasis id="B9631F14FF93CC513C2FF8FF1CE32F17" box="[1334,1436,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">S. pleskei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="F3008396FF93CC5139AAF8C219A12FFB" box="[179,222,1905,1928]" name="Iraq" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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were obtained on iNaturalist website (iNaturalist.org) from different localities: four from Mosul governorate, one from Halabja governorate, and Qaladze district (
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<figureCitation id="132CDF83FF93CC513BBDF8271B982FDF" box="[676,743,1940,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1688,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,983,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-59@1.[151,1437,983,1663]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2. Global distribution map of Stiphrolamyra pleskei (Becker, 1913)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385851/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). These observations from iNaturalist highlight further potential distribution of this species in
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<collectingCountry id="F3008396FF93CC5138C9F80A18812FA3" box="[464,510,1977,2000]" name="Iraq" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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; moreover, in three observations they were photographed with their hunted prey, which increase further understanding of the predation behaviour of this rare species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA8C306FF90CC5239DEFF241A0429BC" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">
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The biology and natural history of this species is still poorly understood (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86BEF7FF90CC523AE6FF241DA228C3" author="Ghahari, H. & Hayat, R. & Lavigne, R. J. & Ostovan, H." box="[1023,1245,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" pagination="1379 - 1446" refId="ref1558" refString="Ghahari, H., Hayat, R., Lavigne, R. J. & Ostovan, H. (2014) An annotated checklist of Iranian Asilidae (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera: Asiloidea). Linzer biologische Beitrage, 46 (2), 1379 - 1446." type="journal article" year="2014">
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Ghahari
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<emphasis id="B9631F14FF90CC523D78FF2B1DEC28DC" box="[1121,1171,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86BEF7FF90CC523DF2FF2419AE28A7" author="Kemal, M. & Seven, E." pageId="2" pageNumber="143" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref1757" refString="Kemal, M. & Seven, E. (2009) Stiphrolamyra pleskei (Becker) an interesting and rare Robber Fly from South East Turkey (Diptera, Asilidae) (Project of the Cesa: Asilidae of East Turkey- 1). Cesa News, 51, 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="2009">Kemal & Seven 2009</bibRefCitation>
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). In this study, the predation of this species on honey bee workers
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<taxonomicName id="4C17B885FF90CC523ABBFF0F1D9928A0" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[930,1254,187,211]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellifera">
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<emphasis id="B9631F14FF90CC523ABBFF0F1D4628A0" box="[930,1081,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">Apis mellifera</emphasis>
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Linnaeus, 1758
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</taxonomicName>
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was observed in four out of a total of seven observations, indicating honey bee workers might be their key prey species. Members of this genus were observed to predate on different insect orders, including Coleoptera,
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<taxonomicName id="4C17B885FF90CC523D19FEB01DAE2968" authority=", Hemiptera" authorityName="Hemiptera" box="[1024,1233,259,283]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Diptera, Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C17B885FF90CC523C12FEB71CE3296F" box="[1291,1436,260,284]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86BEF7FF90CC523987FE94185E2933" author="Londt, J. G." box="[158,289,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" pagination="413 - 430" refId="ref1811" refString="Londt, J. G. (1983) Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 8. The genus Stiphrolamyra Engel, 1928, in southern Africa (Laphriinae: Laphriini). Annals of the Natal Museum, 25 (2), 413 - 430." type="journal article" year="1983">Londt 1983</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86BEF7FF90CC523836FE9B18182933" author="Londt, J. G. H." box="[303,359,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" pagination="167 - 173" refId="ref1858" refString="Londt, J. G. H. (1993) Afrotropical robber fly (Diptera: Asilidae) predation of honey bees, Apis mellitera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae). African Entomology, 1 (2), 167 - 173." type="journal article" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86BEF7FF90CC52386CFE941B2E2933" author="Ghahari, H. & Hayat, R. & Lavigne, R. J. & Ostovan, H." box="[373,593,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" pagination="1379 - 1446" refId="ref1558" refString="Ghahari, H., Hayat, R., Lavigne, R. J. & Ostovan, H. (2014) An annotated checklist of Iranian Asilidae (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera: Asiloidea). Linzer biologische Beitrage, 46 (2), 1379 - 1446." type="journal article" year="2014">
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Ghahari
|
|
<emphasis id="B9631F14FF90CC5238CCFE9B1B78294C" box="[469,519,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Robber flies are efficient predators in both larval and adult stages, feeding on arthropods, mainly insects; therefore, they are a critical component of the ecosystem by maintaining the balance of the insect population and are considered a bioindicator for ecosystem conservation (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86BEF7FF90CC523D3BFEC31DB529FB" author="McCravy, K. W." box="[1058,1226,368,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" pagination="15 - 24" refId="ref1903" refString="McCravy, K. W. (2017) An analysis of Malaise-trap effectiveness in assessing robber fly (Diptera: Asilidae) species richness. Northeastern Naturalist, 24 (1), 15 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1656 / 045.024.0102" type="journal article" year="2017">McCravy 2017</bibRefCitation>
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). Therefore, adding this species to the list of robber flies of
|
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<collectingCountry id="F3008396FF90CC523B5DFE271B1029D8" box="[580,623,404,427]" name="Iraq" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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is crucial; however, the biology and ecology of this species remains poorly understood, and further investigation is necessary and recommended.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |