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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.95" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f7eb4ca8-8e77-4882-ae27-320290999cea" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860596" ID-ZooBank="BE14FE18-E9AB-4C5A-B260-BD9C54464A2A" approvalRequired="4" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="3" approvalRequired_for_document="1" checkinTime="1590601165605" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Kuhlmann, Michael" docDate="2014" docId="3E5199729F022700FD9D81D3FE0EF85B" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2014-95.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 95" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Scrapter acanthophorus Davies 2005" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="C268E10A9F012706FFAB8516FFAAFFBC" masterDocTitle="Revision of the euryglossiform species of the Afrotropical bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier &amp; Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae)" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1677094122626" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of the euryglossiform species of the Afrotropical bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier &amp; Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kuhlmann, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2014-09-05</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>95</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>69</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.95</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">f7eb4ca8-8e77-4882-ae27-320290999cea</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3861161" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164362933" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3861161" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3E5199729F022700FD9D81D3FE0EF85B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E5199729F022700FD9D81D3FE0EF85B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection box="[566,1021,1220,1247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="3.[566,1021,1220,1282]" box="[566,1021,1220,1247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading box="[566,1021,1220,1247]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="2">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4VYK8" authority="Davies, 2005" authorityName="Davies" authorityYear="2005" box="[566,1021,1220,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Scrapter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthophorus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[566,669,1221,1247]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Scrapter</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[676,859,1220,1247]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">acanthophorus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Davies G. B. P. &amp; Eardley C. D. &amp; Brothers D. J." box="[866,1021,1220,1247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="141 - 179" refId="ref26814" refString="Davies G. B. P., Eardley C. D. &amp; Brothers D. J. 2005. Eight new species of Scrapter (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae), with descriptions of S. albifumus and S. amplispinatus females and a major range extension of the genus. African Invertebrates 46: 141 - 179." type="journal article" year="2005">Davies, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[743,845,1256,1282]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="3.[566,1021,1220,1282]" box="[743,845,1256,1282]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<figureCitation box="[743,845,1256,1282]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="4.[189,232,1902,1928]" captionStartId-1="5.[187,230,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,527,1857]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,559,1889]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[189,1399,527,1858]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[189,1399,559,1889]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Genitalia (dorsal view, SEM). C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860598" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860600" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3860598/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3860600/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="3.[189,1398,1321,1383]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitation author="Davies G. B. P. &amp; Eardley C. D. &amp; Brothers D. J." box="[189,764,1321,1348]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/776F5A72FFF5FFCDFE1DEAA7FF6CFA89" page="155" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2005">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4VYK8" authority="Davies, 2005: 153 - 155" authorityName="Davies" authorityPageNumber="153 - 155" authorityYear="2005" box="[189,764,1321,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Scrapter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthophorus">
<emphasis box="[189,290,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Scrapter</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Davies G. B. P. &amp; Eardley C. D. &amp; Brothers D. J." box="[299,475,1321,1347]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/776F5A72FFF5FFCDFE1DEAA7FF6CFA89" page="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2005">
<emphasis box="[299,475,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">acanthophorus</emphasis>
</treatmentCitation>
<bibRefCitation author="Davies G. B. P. &amp; Eardley C. D. &amp; Brothers D. J." box="[485,764,1321,1348]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="141 - 179" refId="ref26814" refString="Davies G. B. P., Eardley C. D. &amp; Brothers D. J. 2005. Eight new species of Scrapter (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae), with descriptions of S. albifumus and S. amplispinatus females and a major range extension of the genus. African Invertebrates 46: 141 - 179." type="journal article" year="2005">Davies, 2005: 153155</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 48,
<typeStatus box="[892,995,1321,1347]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount box="[1004,1026,1322,1348]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="male"></specimenCount>
(type locality: Knersvlakte,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
north of Vanrhynsdorp,
<collectingCountry box="[514,665,1356,1383]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">South Africa</collectingCountry>
) (SANC).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="3.[189,310,1422,1448]" box="[189,310,1422,1448]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading bold="true" box="[189,310,1422,1448]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,310,1422,1448]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[189,1399,1468,1671]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The female of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Davies" authorityYear="2005" box="[372,581,1468,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Scrapter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthophorus">
<emphasis box="[372,581,1468,1495]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. acanthophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here described for the first time. It can be separated from other species of this group by the combination of the following characters: clypeus distinctly convex (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1902,1928]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,527,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,527,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860598/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
CD), foretibia dominantly blackish-brown, stigma brown, apical margins of metasomal terga broadly brownish translucent, terga between punctures smooth and shiny (
<figureCitation box="[955,1044,1574,1600]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1902,1928]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,527,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,527,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860598/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). The male is characterized by an unmodified antenna, hind tibia apically broadened inside forming a spine (
<figureCitation box="[1082,1171,1609,1635]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[187,230,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,559,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,559,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Genitalia (dorsal view, SEM). C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860600/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
), coarsely but more sparsely punctate scutum and metasomal terga (
<figureCitation box="[749,839,1644,1670]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[187,230,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,559,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,559,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Genitalia (dorsal view, SEM). C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860600/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
) and the form of S7 (
<figureCitation box="[1092,1186,1644,1670]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[187,230,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,559,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,559,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Genitalia (dorsal view, SEM). C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860600/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[189,612,1710,1737]" box="[189,612,1710,1737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,426,1710,1736]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Material examined</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount box="[442,604,1710,1737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">25 specimens</specimenCount>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[189,1399,1756,1924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingCountry box="[189,409,1756,1782]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount box="[425,469,1756,1783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,W.
<collectingRegion box="[526,589,1756,1782]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cape</collectingRegion>
, Knersvlakte, Sukkulent Karoo,
<quantity box="[991,1070,1756,1782]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
N of Vanrhynsdorp, Farm Kalkgat,
<quantity box="[299,378,1792,1818]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="140.0">140 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[393,538,1792,1818]" degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="04" value="-31.117779">31°07'04&quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[554,701,1791,1818]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="18" value="18.921665">18°55'18&quot; E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date box="[716,878,1792,1818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2003-09-10">10 Sep. 2003</date>
, KT (RCMK);
<specimenCount box="[1066,1113,1792,1818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, W.
<collectingRegion box="[1172,1235,1792,1818]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cape</collectingRegion>
, Knersvlakte, Sukkulent Karoo,
<quantity box="[411,488,1827,1853]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
N of Vanrhynsdorp,
<quantity box="[751,831,1827,1853]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="146.0">146 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[847,993,1827,1853]" degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="23" value="-31.373056">31°22'23&quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1010,1158,1827,1853]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="37" value="18.71028">18°42'37&quot; E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date box="[1175,1344,1827,1853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2003-08-22">22 Aug. 2003</date>
, KT (RCMK);
<specimenCount box="[311,379,1862,1888]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">7 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount box="[393,462,1862,1888]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, idem,
<date box="[550,693,1862,1888]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2003-09-06">
6 Sep.
<date box="[632,693,1862,1888]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2003" year="2003">2003</date>
</date>
, KT (RCMK);
<specimenCount box="[875,943,1862,1888]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, idem,
<date box="[1031,1188,1862,1888]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2003-09-11">
11 Sep.
<date box="[1127,1188,1862,1888]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2003" year="2003">2003</date>
</date>
, KT (RCMK);
<specimenCount pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">11 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount box="[248,294,1897,1924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, idem,
<date box="[380,551,1897,1924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2003-09-05" valueMax="2003-09-06" valueMin="2003-09-05">
56 Sep.
<date box="[490,551,1897,1923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2003" year="2003">2003</date>
</date>
, KT (RCMK
<specimenCount box="[712,779,1897,1924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">6 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount box="[793,839,1897,1924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, NHML
<specimenCount box="[944,1010,1897,1924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="4.[189,334,267,293]" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[189,506,314,375]" box="[234,325,314,340]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[234,325,314,340]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[189,506,314,375]" box="[189,506,348,375]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
BODY LENGTH. 6.0
<quantity box="[409,501,348,375]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[189,1398,414,476]" lastBlockId="5.[189,1398,267,364]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
HEAD. Head wider than long. Integument black except part of mandibles dark reddish-brown. Face sparsely covered with long, greyish, erect hair (
<figureCitation box="[729,819,449,475]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1902,1928]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,527,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,527,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860598/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). Clypeus strongly convex with coarse punctation, apically sparse (i = 23 d), basally dense (i = 0.51 d); surface between punctures apically smooth and shiny, basally superficially shagreened and slightly matt (
<figureCitation box="[914,980,302,329]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1902,1928]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,527,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,527,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860598/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
CD). Malar area medially narrow, almost linear. Antenna dorsally blackish-brown, ventrally yellowish-brown.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860598" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860598/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[189,232,1902,1928]" targetBox="[189,1398,527,1857]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph blockId="4.[189,1399,1902,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,266,1902,1928]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Davies, 2005" authorityName="Davies" authorityYear="2005" box="[273,721,1902,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Scrapter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthophorus">
<emphasis box="[273,556,1902,1928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Scrapter acanthophorus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Davies G. B. P. &amp; Eardley C. D. &amp; Brothers D. J." box="[563,721,1902,1929]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="141 - 179" refId="ref26814" refString="Davies G. B. P., Eardley C. D. &amp; Brothers D. J. 2005. Eight new species of Scrapter (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae), with descriptions of S. albifumus and S. amplispinatus females and a major range extension of the genus. African Invertebrates 46: 141 - 179." type="journal article" year="2005">Davies, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ♀.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[768,789,1902,1928]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
. Lateral view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[962,982,1902,1928]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
. Metasoma (dorsal view).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1294,1315,1902,1928]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
. Head.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,210,1937,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D</emphasis>
. Head (SEM).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[397,417,1937,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">E</emphasis>
. Thorax (dorsal view).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[703,721,1937,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">F</emphasis>
. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="5.[189,1399,403,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
MESOSOMA. Integument black. Mesoscutal disc between punctures superficially shagreened but shiny; disc densely (i = 0.51.0 d) and coarsely punctate (
<figureCitation box="[801,868,438,464]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1902,1928]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,527,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,527,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860598/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
EF). Metanotum slightly shorter than basal area of propodeum, apically with narrow carinate depression (
<figureCitation box="[933,1024,473,500]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1902,1928]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,527,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,527,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860598/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
). Propodeum basally finely but
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860600/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[187,230,1930,1956]" targetBox="[189,1398,559,1889]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph blockId="5.[187,1399,1930,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[187,266,1930,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Davies, 2005" authorityName="Davies" authorityYear="2005" box="[274,726,1930,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Scrapter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthophorus">
<emphasis box="[274,559,1930,1957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Scrapter acanthophorus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Davies G. B. P. &amp; Eardley C. D. &amp; Brothers D. J." box="[567,726,1930,1957]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="141 - 179" refId="ref26814" refString="Davies G. B. P., Eardley C. D. &amp; Brothers D. J. 2005. Eight new species of Scrapter (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae), with descriptions of S. albifumus and S. amplispinatus females and a major range extension of the genus. African Invertebrates 46: 141 - 179." type="journal article" year="2005">Davies, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ♂.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[775,796,1930,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
. Lateral view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[974,994,1930,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
. Genitalia (dorsal view, SEM).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1370,1391,1930,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C</emphasis>
. Metasoma (dorsal view).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[487,508,1965,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D</emphasis>
. S7 (dorsal view, SEM).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[804,824,1965,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E</emphasis>
. Hind tibia.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[971,989,1965,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">F</emphasis>
. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,1398,267,329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
broadly carinate (
<figureCitation box="[391,478,267,293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1902,1928]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,527,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,527,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860598/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
). Mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum and propodeum sparsely covered with short, greyish, erect hair (
<figureCitation box="[649,742,302,329]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1902,1928]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,527,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,527,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860598/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,986,368,394]" box="[189,986,368,394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">WINGS. Slightly yellowish-brown; wing venation and stigma brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,1399,433,495]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">LEGS. Integument black to dark reddish-brown; fore and mid tibia basally with small yellowish spot. Vestiture greyish-white, scopa greyish-white.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,1398,534,771]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
METASOMA. Integument black, apical margins of terga broadly translucent yellowish to reddish-brown (
<figureCitation box="[198,288,569,595]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1902,1928]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,527,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,527,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860598/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Discs of T1 and T2 without hair, laterally sparsely covered with long erect greyish-white hair; following terga with increasingly more and longer hair; T3T4 basally with a very narrow and sparse band of very fine, short, erect hair; apical tergal hair bands missing on all terga (
<figureCitation box="[1105,1194,640,666]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1902,1928]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,527,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,527,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860598/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Prepygidial and pygidial fimbriae greyish-brown. T1 densely (i = 1 d) but finely punctate, between punctures polished and shiny; T2T4 shiny, with dense, fine, superficial punctation; T2T4 with polished broad apical tergal depression (
<figureCitation box="[404,495,745,771]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1902,1928]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,527,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,527,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860598/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,506,811,873]" box="[234,298,811,837]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[234,298,811,837]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,506,811,873]" box="[189,506,846,873]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BODY LENGTH. 5.26.0 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,1399,911,1008]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
HEAD. Head slightly wider than long. Integument black, except mandible partly dark reddish-brown. Face densely covered with long, greyish-white, erect hair. Malar area medially narrow, almost linear. Antenna dorsally dark brown, ventrally yellowish-brown (
<figureCitation box="[873,968,982,1008]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[187,230,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,559,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,559,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Genitalia (dorsal view, SEM). C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860600/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,1399,1047,1144]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MESOSOMA. Integument black. Mesoscutal disc between punctures superficially shagreened but shiny; disc densely (i = 0.51.0 d) and coarsely punctate. Mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum and propodeum covered with long, greyish, erect hair.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,986,1183,1210]" box="[189,986,1183,1210]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">WINGS. Slightly yellowish-brown; wing venation and stigma brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,1399,1248,1345]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
LEGS. Integument black, fore tarsi and inner side of fore tibia yellow, base of mid tibia with small yellow spot (
<figureCitation box="[255,351,1284,1310]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[187,230,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,559,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,559,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Genitalia (dorsal view, SEM). C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860600/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Hind tibia inside apically broadened, with a spine; hind basitarsus medially broadened (
<figureCitation box="[198,289,1319,1345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[187,230,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,559,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,559,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Genitalia (dorsal view, SEM). C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860600/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). Vestiture greyish-white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,1398,1384,1622]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
METASOMA. Integument black, apical margins of terga broadly translucent yellowish to reddish-brown (
<figureCitation box="[198,292,1419,1446]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[187,230,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,559,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,559,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Genitalia (dorsal view, SEM). C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860600/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Discs of T1T3 without hair, laterally sparsely covered with short, erect greyish-white hair; following terga with increasingly more and longer hair; T2T4 basally with a very narrow and sparse band of very fine, short, erect hair; apical tergal hair bands missing on all terga (
<figureCitation box="[1191,1288,1490,1516]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[187,230,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,559,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,559,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Genitalia (dorsal view, SEM). C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860600/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). T1 and following terga densely (i ˂ 0.51 d) but finely punctate, between punctures polished or superficially sculptured, shiny to slightly matt; terga with broad, polished to superficially sculptured but shiny apical tergal depression (
<figureCitation box="[404,497,1595,1622]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[187,230,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,559,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,559,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Genitalia (dorsal view, SEM). C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860600/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). S3 and particularly S4S5 with long apical hair fringes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,1286,1661,1687]" box="[189,1286,1661,1687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
TERMINALIA. Genitalia (
<figureCitation box="[460,552,1661,1687]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[187,230,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,559,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,559,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Genitalia (dorsal view, SEM). C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860600/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
), S7 (
<figureCitation box="[621,713,1661,1687]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[187,230,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,559,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,559,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Genitalia (dorsal view, SEM). C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860600/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
) and terminal plate of S8 (
<figureCitation box="[1027,1114,1661,1687]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[187,230,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,559,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,559,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Scrapter acanthophorus Davies, 2005, ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Genitalia (dorsal view, SEM). C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860600/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
) as illustrated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,342,1726,1752]" box="[189,342,1726,1752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading bold="true" box="[189,342,1726,1752]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,342,1726,1752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,1315,1773,1799]" box="[189,1315,1773,1799]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">The species is only known from the Knersvlakte, a semi-desert plane in southern Namaqualand.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,337,1839,1865]" box="[189,337,1839,1865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading bold="true" box="[189,337,1839,1865]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,337,1839,1865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Floral hosts</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,313,1885,1911]" box="[189,313,1885,1911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,399,1950,1976]" box="[189,399,1950,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading bold="true" box="[189,399,1950,1976]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,399,1950,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Seasonal activity</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,420,1997,2023]" box="[189,420,1997,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">AugustSeptember.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>