treatments-xml/data/93/62/E8/9362E873D4231846FC82FA57FD3A0EE7.xml

<document id="ACF4DEB88222F5A54E5D9B4EE2E50A59" ID-CLB-Dataset="6579" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4502502" ID-GBIF-Dataset="812b113f-e8b2-4704-9e50-060ca26bf480" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4502502" ID-ZooBank="4CC4DC84-8F6E-4524-9D3F-BAA3C2DAF588" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612459310148" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Grinang, Jongkar, Min, Pui Yong &amp; Ng, Peter K. L." docDate="2015" docId="9362E873D4231846FC82FA57FD3A0EE7" docLanguage="en" docName="RafflesBZool.63.454-460.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 63" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F2D34FF25DBF9998BB8DF6F24A5B097A.5:RafflesBZool.2014-2018.journal_article" docStyleId="F2D34FF25DBF9998BB8DF6F24A5B097A" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2014-2018.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Arachnothelphusa merarapensis Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng 2015, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="1822C659-42CD-47F7-911F-D4A469B40154" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="459" masterDocId="6F5B900BD4231843FFEFFFB9FFC50D32" masterDocTitle="A new species of tree-hole dwelling freshwater crab of the genus Arachnothelphusa Ng, 1991 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from northern Sarawak, Malaysia, Borneo" masterLastPageNumber="460" masterPageNumber="454" pageNumber="454" updateTime="1698926821244" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="C0BE0BEA32684A07481AD5144D5AECE3">A new species of tree-hole dwelling freshwater crab of the genus Arachnothelphusa Ng, 1991 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from northern Sarawak, Malaysia, Borneo</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="02EF86D38E472C2C89A5B98F5B414DAC">Grinang, Jongkar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E6D6233C505CBB51E0286EA7FF538635">Min, Pui Yong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3B56B02C7684075EEB3113386338F666">Ng, Peter K. L.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="9362E873D4231846FC82FA57FD3A0EE7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4776189" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182241738" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4776189" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1822C659-42CD-47F7-911F-D4A469B40154" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9362E873D4231846FC82FA57FD3A0EE7" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="459" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">
<subSubSection id="53D10AEED4231843FC82FA57FAAE0B35" box="[877,1387,1518,1543]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1B745965D4231843FC82FA57FAAE0B35" blockId="0.[877,1387,1518,1575]" box="[877,1387,1518,1543]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">
<heading id="403CEE09D4231843FC82FA57FAAE0B35" bold="true" box="[877,1387,1518,1543]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" reason="2">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4231843FC82FA57FAAE0B35" bold="true" box="[877,1387,1518,1543]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4231843FC82FA57FB130B35" ID-CoL="G3VX" authority="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng, 2015" authorityName="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2015" box="[877,1238,1518,1543]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merarapensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4231843FC82FA57FB130B35" bold="true" box="[877,1238,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Arachnothelphusa merarapensis</emphasis>
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, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="328C380CD4231843FB09FA56FAAE0B35" box="[1254,1387,1519,1543]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="53D10AEED4231843FBDFF9B6FB6D0B15" box="[1072,1192,1551,1575]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" type="description">
<paragraph id="1B745965D4231843FBDFF9B6FB6D0B15" blockId="0.[877,1387,1518,1575]" box="[1072,1192,1551,1575]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">
(
<figureCitation id="83F045E0D4231843FBD7F9B6FB5B0B15" box="[1080,1182,1551,1575]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="1.[135,170,2006,2028]" captionStartId-1="2.[113,148,1101,1123]" captionStartId-2="3.[835,870,965,987]" captionTargetBox-0="[135,1473,189,1990]" captionTargetBox-1="[115,1453,191,1086]" captionTargetBox-2="[835,1474,189,949]" captionTargetId-0="figure-8@1.[135,1473,188,1990]" captionTargetId-1="figure-404@2.[108,1470,173,1088]" captionTargetId-2="figure-849@3.[835,1474,189,949]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Arachnothelphusa merarapensis, new species, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak. A, overall dorsal view of habitus; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, frontal view of carapace; D, ventral view showing anterior thoracic sternum and male abdomen; E, outer view of right fourth ambulatory leg; F, left third maxilliped showing exopod; G, outer view of right chela; H, outer view of left chela." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Arachnothelphusa merarapensis, new species, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak. A, dorsal view of left G1; B, dorsal view of distal part of left G1; C, dorsal view of left G2; D, ventral view of left G1; E, ventral view of distal part of left G1. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." captionText-2="Fig. 3. The colour in life of Arachnothelphusa merarapensis, new species, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak. A, dorsal view; B, frontal view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502504" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502510" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502514" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4502504/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4502510/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4502514/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="53D10AEED4231841FCC2F9F6FEC1089E" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1B745965D4231843FCC2F9F6FC330535" blockId="0.[812,1453,1615,2055]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4231843FCC2F9F6FBDD0B55" bold="true" box="[813,1048,1615,1639]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="ABA35338D4231843FBCCF9F6FC350A35" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114478304" collectingDate="2014-10-31" collectionCode="ZRC" collectorName="J. Grinang &amp; Y. M. Pui" country="Malaysia" county="Borneo" elevation="485" latitude="4.3737226" location="Merarap Hot Spring Resort" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="115.43614" municipality="Lawas" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="C470E7C7D4231843FBCCF9F6FB4A0B55" box="[1059,1167,1615,1639]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: male (22.5 × 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4231843FAD2F9F6FA610B55" box="[1341,1444,1615,1639]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="16.8">16.8 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="7DDAC1A0D4231843FCDBF9D6FCAB0BB5" box="[820,878,1647,1671]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">ZRC</collectionCode>
), water-filled tree-hole, ca. 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4231843FB43F9D6FAC40BB4" box="[1196,1281,1647,1671]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" unit="cm" value="100.0">100 cm</quantity>
above ground, steep dipterocarp forest, 
<location id="1E140FBED4231843FBB3F936FA630B94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9362E873D4231846FC82FA57FD3A0EE7:1E140FBED4231843FBB3F936FA630B94" box="[1116,1446,1679,1703]" country="Malaysia" county="Borneo" latitude="4.3737226" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="115.43614" municipality="Lawas" name="Merarap Hot Spring Resort" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Merarap Hot Spring Resort</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="FB10C31FD4231843FCC2F916FCB00BF4" box="[813,885,1711,1734]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Lawas</collectingMunicipality>
, northern 
<collectingCountry id="63DC19F5D4231843FC08F916FB830BF5" box="[999,1094,1711,1735]" name="Malaysia" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="63DC19F5D4231843FBBBF916FB7D0BF5" box="[1108,1208,1711,1735]" name="Malaysia" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCounty id="F21521E9D4231843FB29F916FAD20BF4" box="[1222,1303,1711,1734]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Borneo</collectingCounty>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="7EFF3FA2D4231843FACAF916FA690BF5" box="[1317,1452,1710,1735]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" precision="1" seconds="25.4" value="4.3737226">
4 
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22’25.4”N
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="7EFF3FA2D4231843FCC2F976FC140BD5" box="[813,977,1742,1767]" degrees="115" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" precision="1" seconds="10.1" value="115.43614">
115 
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26’10.1”E
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="90E6BE56D4231843FC0FF976FB910BD5" box="[992,1108,1743,1767]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" unit="m" value="485.0">
<quantity id="DC33F480D4231843FC0FF976FBED0BD4" box="[992,1064,1743,1767]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" unit="m" value="485.0">485 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="B63E3CB3D4231843FB72F976FAD70BD5" box="[1181,1298,1743,1767]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">J. Grinang</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="B63E3CB3D4231843FAD2F976FA620BD5" box="[1341,1447,1743,1767]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Y.M. Pui</collectorName>
, 
<date id="6F757FA5D4231843FCC2F956FC350A35" box="[813,1008,1775,1799]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" value="2014-10-31">
<collectingDate id="7F31864DD4231843FCC2F956FC350A35" box="[813,1008,1775,1799]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" value="2014-10-31">31 October 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="ABA35338D4231843FC11F956FBB50A95" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114478302" collectingDate="2014-11-01" collectionCode="SBC" collectorName="J. Grinang &amp; Y. M. Pui" country="Malaysia" county="Borneo" elevation="494" latitude="4.37125" location="Merarap Hot Spring Resort" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="115.436775" municipality="Lawas" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="C470E7C7D4231843FC11F956FBA60A35" box="[1022,1123,1775,1799]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
: 
<specimenCount id="0DCD92ECD4231843FB9EF956FB100A35" box="[1137,1237,1775,1799]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(19.9 × 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4231843FAD2F956FA610A35" box="[1341,1444,1775,1799]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="15.2">15.2 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="7DDAC1A0D4231843FCDAF8B6FCA90A15" box="[821,876,1807,1831]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12519" name="University of California" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" type="Herbarium">SBC</collectionCode>
.C.00376), water-filled hole of tree buttress, ca. 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4231843FA7EF8B6FC8B0A74" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" unit="cm" value="90.0">90 cm</quantity>
above ground, steep dipterocarp forest, 
<location id="1E140FBED4231843FAF2F896FC070A54" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9362E873D4231846FC82FA57FD3A0EE7:1E140FBED4231843FAF2F896FC070A54" country="Malaysia" county="Borneo" latitude="4.37125" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="115.436775" municipality="Lawas" name="Merarap Hot Spring Resort" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Merarap Hot Spring Resort</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="FB10C31FD4231843FC22F8F6FBD00A54" box="[973,1045,1871,1894]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Lawas</collectingMunicipality>
, northern 
<collectingCountry id="63DC19F5D4231843FB90F8F6FB1B0A55" box="[1151,1246,1871,1895]" name="Malaysia" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="63DC19F5D4231843FB07F8F6FA890A55" box="[1256,1356,1871,1895]" name="Malaysia" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCounty id="F21521E9D4231843FAB8F8F6FA6D0A54" box="[1367,1448,1871,1894]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Borneo</collectingCounty>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="7EFF3FA2D4231843FCC3F8D6FC760AB5" box="[812,947,1902,1927]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" precision="1" seconds="16.5" value="4.37125">
4 
<superScript id="ECBEF42DD4231843FCD5F8D7FC870A4E" attach="right" box="[826,834,1902,1916]" fontSize="6" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">o</superScript>
22’16.5”N
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="7EFF3FA2D4231843FC53F8D6FB990AB5" box="[956,1116,1902,1927]" degrees="115" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" precision="1" seconds="12.4" value="115.436775">
115 
<superScript id="ECBEF42DD4231843FC0BF8D7FC290A4E" attach="none" box="[996,1004,1902,1916]" fontSize="6" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">o</superScript>
26’12.4”E
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="90E6BE56D4231843FB85F8D6FB1D0AB5" box="[1130,1240,1903,1927]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9399999999999995" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" unit="m" value="494.0">
<quantity id="DC33F480D4231843FB85F8D6FB6A0AB4" box="[1130,1199,1903,1927]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9399999999999995" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" unit="m" value="494.0">494 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="B63E3CB3D4231843FAF2F8D6FA480AB5" box="[1309,1421,1903,1927]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">J. Grinang</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="B63E3CB3D4231843FCC0F836FC520A95" box="[815,919,1935,1959]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Y.M. Pui</collectorName>
, 
<date id="6F757FA5D4231843FC4AF836FBB50A95" box="[933,1136,1935,1959]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" value="2014-11-01">
<collectingDate id="7F31864DD4231843FC4AF836FBB50A95" box="[933,1136,1935,1959]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" value="2014-11-01">1 November 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="ABA35338D4231843FB91F836FC370535" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114478303" collectingDate="2013-02-27" collectionCode="SBC" collectorName="Y. M. Pui" country="Malaysia" county="Borneo" elevation="494" latitude="4.37125" location="Merarap Hot Spring Resort" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="115.436775" municipality="Lawas" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="0DCD92ECD4231843FB91F836FB1B0A95" box="[1150,1246,1935,1959]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(22.3 × 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4231843FAADF836FA630A95" box="[1346,1446,1935,1959]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="16.1">16.1 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="7DDAC1A0D4231843FCDAF816FCA90AF5" box="[821,876,1967,1991]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12519" name="University of California" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" type="Herbarium">SBC</collectionCode>
.C.00377), water-filled hole of tree buttress, ca. 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4231843FA7EF816FC8B0AD4" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
above ground, same data as paratype, coll. 
<collectorName id="B63E3CB3D4231843FAD0F876FA620AD5" box="[1343,1447,1999,2023]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Y.M. Pui</collectorName>
, 
<date id="6F757FA5D4231843FCC2F856FC370535" box="[813,1010,2031,2055]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" value="2013-02-27">
<collectingDate id="7F31864DD4231843FCC2F856FC370535" box="[813,1010,2031,2055]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454" value="2013-02-27">27 February 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B745965D4231843FF9EF8C6FE840A8F" blockId="0.[112,753,1919,2037]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">
<superScript id="ECBEF42DD4231843FF9EF8C6FFB30ABB" attach="right" box="[113,118,1919,1929]" fontSize="4" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">1</superScript>
Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti 
<collectingCountry id="63DC19F5D4231843FD46F8C6FF760A95" name="Malaysia Sarawak" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Malaysia Sarawak</collectingCountry>
, 94300 Kota Samarahan, 
<collectingCountry id="63DC19F5D4231843FE9EF82FFE760A95" box="[369,435,1942,1959]" name="Malaysia" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="63DC19F5D4231843FE54F82FFDC70A95" box="[443,514,1942,1959]" name="Malaysia" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
; Email:gjongkar@ibec.unimas. my (
<superScript id="ECBEF42DD4231843FF7AF815FF5F0A84" attach="right" box="[149,154,1964,1974]" fontSize="4" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">*</superScript>
corresponding author)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B745965D4231843FF9EF874FE500AC7" blockId="0.[112,753,1919,2037]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">
<superScript id="ECBEF42DD4231843FF9EF874FFB30AE5" attach="right" box="[113,118,1997,2007]" fontSize="4" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">2</superScript>
Lee Kong Chian Natural History,Faculty of Science,National University of 
<collectingCountry id="63DC19F5D4231843FD4EF874FD2B0AEC" box="[673,750,1997,2014]" name="Singapore" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, 6 Science Drive 2, 117543 
<collectingCountry id="63DC19F5D4231843FEACF85DFE540AC7" box="[323,401,2020,2037]" name="Singapore" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Singapore</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B745965D4231843FF9EF7AFFE6C051B" blockId="0.[113,589,2070,2114]" box="[113,425,2070,2090]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">
© National University of 
<collectingCountry id="63DC19F5D4231843FEBDF7AFFE6C051B" box="[338,425,2070,2089]" name="Singapore" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">Singapore</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B745965D4231843FF9EF796FD880573" blockId="0.[113,589,2070,2114]" box="[113,589,2094,2114]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">
ISSN 
<docID-ISSN id="01E63E34D4231843FF49F797FEC70573" box="[166,258,2094,2113]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">
<docIdISSN id="83C78FF3D4231843FF49F797FEC70573" box="[166,258,2094,2113]" pageId="0" pageNumber="454">2345-7600</docIdISSN>
</docID-ISSN>
(electronic) | ISSN 0217-2445 (print)
</paragraph>
<caption id="4FB409EDD4221842FF68F86FFE560571" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502504" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4502504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502504/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="455" startId="1.[135,170,2006,2028]" targetBox="[135,1473,189,1990]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="1B745965D4221842FF68F86FFE560571" blockId="1.[135,1475,2006,2115]" pageId="1" pageNumber="455">
Fig. 1. 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4221842FF3FF86FFDCC0ADE" authority="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng, 2015" authorityName="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2015" box="[208,521,2006,2028]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merarapensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4221842FF3FF86FFDCC0ADE" box="[208,521,2006,2028]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="455">Arachnothelphusa merarapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="328C380CD4221842FDF9F86EFD4B0ADE" box="[534,654,2006,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="455" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak. A, overall dorsal view of habitus; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, frontal view of carapace; D, ventral view showing anterior thoracic sternum and male abdomen; E, outer view of right fourth ambulatory leg; F, left third maxilliped showing exopod; G, outer view of right chela; H, outer view of left chela.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="4FB409EDD4211841FF9EFBF4FDD909AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502510" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4502510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502510/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" startId="2.[113,148,1101,1123]" targetBox="[115,1453,191,1086]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="1B745965D4211841FF9EFBF4FDD909AE" blockId="2.[113,1453,1101,1181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">
Fig. 2. 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4211841FF55FBF4FE360951" authority="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng, 2015" authorityName="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2015" box="[186,499,1101,1123]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merarapensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4211841FF55FBF4FE360951" box="[186,499,1101,1123]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Arachnothelphusa merarapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="328C380CD4211841FDEFFBF7FDBD0951" box="[512,632,1101,1123]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak. A, dorsal view of left G1; B, dorsal view of distal part of left G1; C, dorsal view of left G2; D, ventral view of left G1; E, ventral view of distal part of left G1. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1B745965D4211841FF9EFB6DFEC1089E" blockId="2.[112,754,1236,1452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4211841FF9EFB6DFE4109DE" bold="true" box="[113,388,1236,1260]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Comparative material.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4211841FE60FB6DFEFD083E" authority="(Borradaile, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Borradaile" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kadamaiana">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4211841FE60FB6DFD3509DE" box="[399,752,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Arachnothelphusa kadamaiana</emphasis>
(
<materialsCitation id="ABA35338D4211841FF96FB4DFEFD083E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114478301" box="[121,312,1268,1292]" collectingDate="1992-08-12" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Borneo &amp; F. Inger" country="Malaysia" county="Basin" elevation="485" latitude="4.3737226" location="Kadamian River" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="115.43614" municipality="Poring" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" specimenCode="SMF 4281, SMF 4282, ZRC 2009.0094" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sabah" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4211841FF96FB4DFEF5083E" author="Borradaile LA" box="[121,304,1268,1292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" pagination="93 - 95" refId="ref3770" refString="Borradaile LA (1900) On a small collection of decapod crustaceans from freshwater in North Borneo. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1900: 93 - 95." type="journal article" year="1900">Borradaile, 1900</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<typeStatus id="C470E7C7D4211841FEAEFB4DFE61083E" box="[321,420,1268,1292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female (18.9 × 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4211841FDA8FB4DFD63083E" box="[583,678,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="13.5">13.5 mm</quantity>
) (
<specimenCode id="4B6DF11ED4211841FD56FB4DFF6C081E" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">SMF 4281</specimenCode>
), 
<location id="1E140FBED4211841FF51FAADFEB1081E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9362E873D4231846FC82FA57FD3A0EE7:1E140FBED4211841FF51FAADFEB1081E" box="[190,372,1300,1324]" country="Malaysia" county="Basin" municipality="Poring" name="Kadamian River" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" stateProvince="Sabah">Kadamian River</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="D90F9787D4211841FE6EFAADFE00081E" box="[385,453,1300,1324]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Sabah</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="63DC19F5D4211841FE3DFAADFDF3081E" box="[466,566,1300,1324]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 
<location id="1E140FBED4211841FDABFAADFD530819" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9362E873D4231846FC82FA57FD3A0EE7:1E140FBED4211841FDABFAADFD530819" box="[580,662,1300,1323]" country="Malaysia" county="Basin" municipality="Poring" name="Borneo" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" stateProvince="Sabah">Borneo</location>
; 
<specimenCount id="0DCD92ECD4211841FD4BFAADFD2A081E" box="[676,751,1300,1324]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(20.1 × 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4211841FF22FA8DFEF4087E" box="[205,305,1332,1356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="14.9">14.9 mm</quantity>
) (
<specimenCode id="4B6DF11ED4211841FEA5FA8DFE00087E" box="[330,453,1332,1356]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">SMF 4282</specimenCode>
), same data as holotype; 
<specimenCount id="0DCD92ECD4211841FD0DFA8DFF7F085E" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(23.2 × 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4211841FEF4FAEDFEB8085E" box="[283,381,1364,1388]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="17.1">17.1 mm</quantity>
) (
<specimenCode id="4B6DF11ED4211841FE7AFAEDFD8C085E" box="[405,585,1364,1388]" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">ZRC 2009.0094</specimenCode>
), 
<collectingMunicipality id="FB10C31FD4211841FDB2FAEDFD62085E" box="[605,679,1364,1388]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Poring</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="F21521E9D4211841FD5CFAEDFD35085E" box="[691,752,1364,1388]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Basin</collectingCounty>
1A, 
<collectingRegion id="D90F9787D4211841FF49FACDFF2908BE" box="[166,236,1396,1420]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Sabah</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="63DC19F5D4211841FF14FACDFEA708BE" box="[251,354,1396,1420]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectorName id="B63E3CB3D4211841FE9EFACDFE0108B9" box="[369,452,1396,1419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Borneo</collectorName>
, coll. 
<collectionCode id="7DDAC1A0D4211841FDE1FACDFDE108B9" box="[526,548,1396,1419]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">R</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="B63E3CB3D4211841FDC8FACDFD4708BE" box="[551,642,1396,1420]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">F. Inger</collectorName>
et al., 
<date id="6F757FA5D4211841FD38FACDFEC5089E" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" value="1992-08-12">
<collectingDate id="7F31864DD4211841FD38FACDFEC5089E" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" value="1992-08-12">12 August 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="53D10AEED4211841FF9EFA6DFC2E0B19" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1B745965D4211841FF9EFA6DFC3C085E" blockId="2.[113,753,1492,2092]" lastBlockId="2.[813,1452,1236,1388]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4211841FF9EFA6DFF2008DE" bold="true" box="[113,229,1492,1516]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Carapace surface convex, rugose, finely granular; regions distinct, branchial regions slightly inflated; epigastric and postorbital cristae distinct; cervical and H-shaped gastric grooves deep, not confluent; anterolateral margins convex, serrated; antero- and posterolateral regions prominently rugose, covered with numerous coarse granules; epibranchial tooth acutely triangular, distinctly separated from external orbital angle by wide, deep cleft; external orbital angle acutely triangular, outer margin slightly concave, distinctly serrated (
<figureCitation id="83F045E0D4211841FF96F94DFF060A3E" box="[121,195,1780,1804]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[135,170,2006,2028]" captionTargetBox="[135,1473,189,1990]" captionTargetId="figure-8@1.[135,1473,188,1990]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Arachnothelphusa merarapensis, new species, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak. A, overall dorsal view of habitus; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, frontal view of carapace; D, ventral view showing anterior thoracic sternum and male abdomen; E, outer view of right fourth ambulatory leg; F, left third maxilliped showing exopod; G, outer view of right chela; H, outer view of left chela." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502504/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A–C, 3). Ischium of third maxilliped rectangular, oblique median sulcus deep (
<figureCitation id="83F045E0D4211841FE51F8ADFDD10A1E" box="[446,532,1812,1836]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[135,170,2006,2028]" captionTargetBox="[135,1473,189,1990]" captionTargetId="figure-8@1.[135,1473,188,1990]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Arachnothelphusa merarapensis, new species, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak. A, overall dorsal view of habitus; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, frontal view of carapace; D, ventral view showing anterior thoracic sternum and male abdomen; E, outer view of right fourth ambulatory leg; F, left third maxilliped showing exopod; G, outer view of right chela; H, outer view of left chela." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502504/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
). Outer surfaces of chelipeds distinctly rugose; carpus rugose, with granules, inner angle with broadly triangular tooth; cutting edge of pollex with larger median tooth (
<figureCitation id="83F045E0D4211841FE25F8CDFD9B0ABE" box="[458,606,1908,1932]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[135,170,2006,2028]" captionTargetBox="[135,1473,189,1990]" captionTargetId="figure-8@1.[135,1473,188,1990]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Arachnothelphusa merarapensis, new species, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak. A, overall dorsal view of habitus; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, frontal view of carapace; D, ventral view showing anterior thoracic sternum and male abdomen; E, outer view of right fourth ambulatory leg; F, left third maxilliped showing exopod; G, outer view of right chela; H, outer view of left chela." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502504/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Fig. 1A, G, H</figureCitation>
). Ambulatory legs long; merus unarmed, dorsal margin gently serrated; outer surface rugose; fourth ambulatory merus subequal to length of carapace (
<figureCitation id="83F045E0D4211841FEA3F86DFE000ADE" box="[332,453,2004,2028]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[135,170,2006,2028]" captionTargetBox="[135,1473,189,1990]" captionTargetId="figure-8@1.[135,1473,188,1990]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Arachnothelphusa merarapensis, new species, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak. A, overall dorsal view of habitus; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, frontal view of carapace; D, ventral view showing anterior thoracic sternum and male abdomen; E, outer view of right fourth ambulatory leg; F, left third maxilliped showing exopod; G, outer view of right chela; H, outer view of left chela." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502504/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Fig. 1A, E</figureCitation>
). Male abdomen T-shaped, lateral margins of somites 5 and 6 distinctly concave; somite 6 subequal to length of telson; lateral margins of telson concave (
<figureCitation id="83F045E0D4211841FC74FB6DFC3209DE" box="[923,1015,1236,1260]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[135,170,2006,2028]" captionTargetBox="[135,1473,189,1990]" captionTargetId="figure-8@1.[135,1473,188,1990]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Arachnothelphusa merarapensis, new species, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak. A, overall dorsal view of habitus; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, frontal view of carapace; D, ventral view showing anterior thoracic sternum and male abdomen; E, outer view of right fourth ambulatory leg; F, left third maxilliped showing exopod; G, outer view of right chela; H, outer view of left chela." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502504/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). G1 slender, sinuous, gently curving outwards; terminal segment cylindrical, tapering, about half of length of subterminal segment (
<figureCitation id="83F045E0D4211841FB5EFAADFAB1081E" box="[1201,1396,1300,1324]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[113,148,1101,1123]" captionTargetBox="[115,1453,191,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-404@2.[108,1470,173,1088]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Arachnothelphusa merarapensis, new species, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak. A, dorsal view of left G1; B, dorsal view of distal part of left G1; C, dorsal view of left G2; D, ventral view of left G1; E, ventral view of distal part of left G1. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502510/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Fig. 2A, B, D, E</figureCitation>
). G2 with short distal segment, about a quarter length of basal segment (
<figureCitation id="83F045E0D4211841FC79FAEDFC28085E" box="[918,1005,1364,1388]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[113,148,1101,1123]" captionTargetBox="[115,1453,191,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-404@2.[108,1470,173,1088]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Arachnothelphusa merarapensis, new species, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak. A, dorsal view of left G1; B, dorsal view of distal part of left G1; C, dorsal view of left G2; D, ventral view of left G1; E, ventral view of distal part of left G1. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502510/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B745965D4211841FCC2FA2DFC2E0B19" blockId="2.[813,1452,1428,1580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4211841FCC2FA2DFCA4089E" bold="true" box="[813,865,1428,1452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Size.</emphasis>
All species of 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4211841FBE5FA2DFB0B089E" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1991" box="[1034,1230,1428,1452]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4211841FBE5FA2DFB0B089E" box="[1034,1230,1428,1452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Arachnothelphusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are relatively small, with the largest recorded male a freshly moulted specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4211841FCA5FA6DFC0708DE" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1991" box="[842,962,1492,1516]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terrapes">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4211841FCA5FA6DFC0708DE" box="[842,962,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">A. terrapes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
measuring 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4211841FBD0FA6DFB5B08D9" box="[1087,1182,1492,1516]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.57" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="25.7">25.7 mm</quantity>
by 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4211841FB27FA6DFAE208D9" box="[1224,1319,1492,1516]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.86" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="18.6">18.6 mm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4211841FAD8FA6DFA6508DE" author="Ng PKL" box="[1335,1440,1492,1516]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref4432" refString="Ng PKL (1991) Bornean freshwater crabs of the genus Arachnothelphusa gen. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 65: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1991">Ng, 1991</bibRefCitation>
). The 
<typeStatus id="C470E7C7D4211841FCB1FA4DFC7E0B3E" box="[862,955,1524,1548]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male of 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4211841FBF5FA4DFB0D0B3E" authority="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng, 2015" authorityName="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2015" box="[1050,1224,1524,1548]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merarapensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4211841FBF5FA4DFB0D0B3E" box="[1050,1224,1524,1548]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">A. merarapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="328C380CD4211841FB39FA4DFA9C0B3E" box="[1238,1369,1524,1548]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, is 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4211841FA92FA4DFC930B19" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="22.5">22.5 mm</quantity>
by 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4211841FC6DF9ADFC220B19" box="[898,999,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="16.8">16.8 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="53D10AEED4211841FCC0F9EDFAE20A3E" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" type="description">
<paragraph id="1B745965D4211841FCC0F9EDFAE20A3E" blockId="2.[813,1453,1620,1804]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4211841FCC0F9EDFC610B5E" bold="true" box="[815,932,1620,1644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Variation.</emphasis>
The two female 
<typeStatus id="C470E7C7D4211841FB8BF9EDFB0E0B5E" box="[1124,1227,1620,1644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
agree well with the 
<typeStatus id="C470E7C7D4211841FCC2F9CDFC4C0BBE" box="[813,905,1652,1676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male, differing only in minor non-sexual characters: the cervical and H-grooves are proportionately deeper in the larger female, and the ambulatory legs slightly longer. The antero- and posterolateral regions also have relatively more coarse granules in the larger female specimen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="53D10AEED4211841FCC2F88DFAC9053E" pageId="2" pageNumber="456" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1B745965D4211841FCC2F88DFB440A5E" blockId="2.[813,1451,1844,1900]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4211841FCC2F88DFC6A0A7E" bold="true" box="[813,943,1844,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named after Merarap, the 
<typeStatus id="C470E7C7D4211841FA92F88DFA6E0A7E" box="[1405,1451,1844,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">type</typeStatus>
locality where it was collected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B745965D4211841FCC0F82DFAC9053E" blockId="2.[813,1452,1940,2060]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4211841FCC0F82DFCBB0A9E" bold="true" box="[815,894,1940,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Colour</emphasis>
. In life the carapace, chelipeds, and walking legs are bright purple; the ventral surfaces of the ambulatory legs and chelipeds are lighter coloured, and the distal parts of the fingers are cream-white (
<figureCitation id="83F045E0D4211841FB68F84DFB3B053E" box="[1159,1278,2036,2060]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[835,870,965,987]" captionTargetBox="[835,1474,189,949]" captionTargetId="figure-849@3.[835,1474,189,949]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. The colour in life of Arachnothelphusa merarapensis, new species, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak. A, dorsal view; B, frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502514/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="456">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="53D10AEED4201846FF66FF04FD3A0EE7" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="459" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1B745965D4201840FF66FF04FD7B0984" blockId="3.[136,777,189,1206]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FF66FF04FF3D0DE7" bold="true" box="[137,248,189,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Remarks.</emphasis>
The high density of granules and roughness of the dorsal carapace surface of 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FE0CFF67FD520DC7" authorityName="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2015" box="[483,663,222,245]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merarapensis">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FE0CFF67FD520DC7" box="[483,663,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">A. merarapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="83F045E0D4201840FD45FF64FF590C27" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[135,170,2006,2028]" captionTargetBox="[135,1473,189,1990]" captionTargetId="figure-8@1.[135,1473,188,1990]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Arachnothelphusa merarapensis, new species, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak. A, overall dorsal view of habitus; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, frontal view of carapace; D, ventral view showing anterior thoracic sternum and male abdomen; E, outer view of right fourth ambulatory leg; F, left third maxilliped showing exopod; G, outer view of right chela; H, outer view of left chela." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502504/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
) easily distinguishes it from its other congeners which have a relatively smoother dorsal carapace surface covered with small granules and scattered striae (cf. 
<figureCitation id="83F045E0D4201840FDB1FE84FD5B0C67" box="[606,670,317,341]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[813,848,1045,1067]" captionTargetBox="[813,1452,189,1029]" captionTargetId="figure-130@4.[813,1452,189,1029]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig.5. Arachnothelphusa kadamaiana (Borradaile, 1900), holotype female (18.9 × 13.5 mm) (SMF 4281), Kadamian River, Sabah. A, overall dorsal view of habitus; B, frontal view of carapace; C, ventral view showing abdomen, third maxillipeds and chelae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502518/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
; De 
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FD3FFE87FF070C47" author="Man JG De" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="53 - 144" refId="ref4244" refString="Man JG De (1899) Zoological Results of the Dutch Expedition to Central Borneo. The Crustacea. Part II, Brachyura. Notes Leyden Museum, 21: 53 - 144, pls. 5 - 12." type="journal article" year="1899">Man, 1899</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 9 fig. 11; 
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FEBAFEE7FDC80C47" author="Ng PKL &amp; Goh R" box="[341,525,349,374]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="313 - 330" refId="ref4607" refString="Ng PKL &amp; Goh R (1987) Cavernicolous freshwater crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from Sabah, Borneo. Stygologia, 3 (4): 313 - 330." type="journal article" year="1987">Ng &amp; Goh, 1987</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 3A; 
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FD86FEE7FD150C47" author="Ng PKL" box="[617,720,349,374]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref4432" refString="Ng PKL (1991) Bornean freshwater crabs of the genus Arachnothelphusa gen. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 65: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1991">Ng, 1991</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 1, 3–5 [incorrectly labelled as fig. 5 with next two figure captions not printed]). The acutely triangular external orbital tooth separated by a wide and deep cleft is diagnostic for 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FD1EFE07FEDF0CC7" authorityName="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2015" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merarapensis">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FD1EFE07FEDF0CC7" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">A. merarapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="83F045E0D4201840FEC7FE64FE5E0CC7" box="[296,411,477,501]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[135,170,2006,2028]" captionTargetBox="[135,1473,189,1990]" captionTargetId="figure-8@1.[135,1473,188,1990]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Arachnothelphusa merarapensis, new species, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak. A, overall dorsal view of habitus; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, frontal view of carapace; D, ventral view showing anterior thoracic sternum and male abdomen; E, outer view of right fourth ambulatory leg; F, left third maxilliped showing exopod; G, outer view of right chela; H, outer view of left chela." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502504/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
). In 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FE25FE67FD930CC7" baseAuthorityName="De Man" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[458,598,477,501]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanippe">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FE25FE67FD930CC7" box="[458,598,477,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">A. melanippe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the epibranchial tooth is distinct but relatively small and separated from the broadly triangular external orbital tooth by a small cleft (cf. De 
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FF0DFD87FE9B0F67" author="Man JG De" box="[226,350,573,597]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="53 - 144" refId="ref4244" refString="Man JG De (1899) Zoological Results of the Dutch Expedition to Central Borneo. The Crustacea. Part II, Brachyura. Notes Leyden Museum, 21: 53 - 144, pls. 5 - 12." type="journal article" year="1899">Man, 1899</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 9 fig. 11; 
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FDECFD87FDAA0F67" author="Ng PKL" box="[515,623,573,598]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref4432" refString="Ng PKL (1991) Bornean freshwater crabs of the genus Arachnothelphusa gen. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 65: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1991">Ng, 1991</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1); in 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FD1EFD87FEC80F47" baseAuthorityName="Borradaile" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kadamaiana">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FD1EFD87FEC80F47" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">A. kadamaiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the epibranchial tooth is low and the external orbital tooth is broad, with these two teeth appearing almost confluent with hardly any indication of a cleft (
<figureCitation id="83F045E0D4201840FD9FFD24FD0B0F87" box="[624,718,669,693]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[813,848,1045,1067]" captionTargetBox="[813,1452,189,1029]" captionTargetId="figure-130@4.[813,1452,189,1029]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig.5. Arachnothelphusa kadamaiana (Borradaile, 1900), holotype female (18.9 × 13.5 mm) (SMF 4281), Kadamian River, Sabah. A, overall dorsal view of habitus; B, frontal view of carapace; C, ventral view showing abdomen, third maxillipeds and chelae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502518/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Figs. 5A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="83F045E0D4201840FD38FD24FD3E0F87" box="[727,763,669,693]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[113,148,1900,1922]" captionTargetBox="[106,1453,1208,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-169@4.[95,1486,1205,1888]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 6. Arachnothelphusa kadamaiana (Borradaile, 1900), male (20.1 × 14.9 mm) (SMF 4282), Kadamian River, Sabah. A, right side of carapace; B, male abdominal somite 6 and telson; C, ventral view of left G1; D, ventral view of terminal segment of left G1; E, dorsal view of terminal segment of left G1; F, left G2; G, distal segment of left G2. Setae denuded for all structures. Scale bars: 3.0 mm (A); 1.0 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C, F); 0.25 mm (D, E, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502520/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">6A</figureCitation>
); in 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FF47FD07FEAF0FE7" authorityName="Ng &amp; Goh" authorityYear="1987" box="[168,362,701,725]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhadamanthysi">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FF47FD07FEAF0FE7" box="[168,362,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">A. rhadamanthysi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the external orbital and epibranchial teeth are both relatively broad due to the wide carapace (
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FD09FD64FEDF0E27" author="Ng PKL &amp; Goh R" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="313 - 330" refId="ref4607" refString="Ng PKL &amp; Goh R (1987) Cavernicolous freshwater crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from Sabah, Borneo. Stygologia, 3 (4): 313 - 330." type="journal article" year="1987">Ng &amp; Goh, 1987</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 3A, B); and in 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FE02FD47FDA00E27" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1991" box="[493,613,766,789]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terrapes">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FE02FD47FDA00E27" box="[493,613,766,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">A. terrapes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there is a deep and broad U-shaped cleft separating the epibranchial tooth from the obtuse and truncate external orbital angle (
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FD0EFC84FF060E47" author="Ng PKL" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref4432" refString="Ng PKL (1991) Bornean freshwater crabs of the genus Arachnothelphusa gen. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 65: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1991">Ng, 1991</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3 [incorrectly printed as fig. 5]). The terminal segment of the G1 is long in 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FE39FCC7FD4D0EA7" authorityName="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2015" box="[470,648,894,917]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merarapensis">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FE39FCC7FD4D0EA7" box="[470,648,894,917]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">A. merarapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, about half the length of the subterminal segment (
<figureCitation id="83F045E0D4201840FDC1FC24FD210E87" box="[558,740,925,949]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[113,148,1101,1123]" captionTargetBox="[115,1453,191,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-404@2.[108,1470,173,1088]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Arachnothelphusa merarapensis, new species, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak. A, dorsal view of left G1; B, dorsal view of distal part of left G1; C, dorsal view of left G2; D, ventral view of left G1; E, ventral view of distal part of left G1. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502510/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Fig. 2A, B, D, E</figureCitation>
); it is about one-third the length of the subterminal segment in 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FF65FC67FEDC0EC7" baseAuthorityName="De Man" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[138,281,989,1013]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanippe">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FF65FC67FEDC0EC7" box="[138,281,989,1013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">A. melanippe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FEA2FC67FE730EC7" author="Ng PKL" box="[333,438,989,1014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref4432" refString="Ng PKL (1991) Bornean freshwater crabs of the genus Arachnothelphusa gen. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 65: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1991">Ng, 1991</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2C–F), and only a quarter of the length of the subterminal segment in 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FD89FC47FCCC0927" baseAuthorityName="Borradaile" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[614,777,1021,1045]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kadamaiana">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FD89FC47FCCC0927" box="[614,777,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">A. kadamaiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FF58FBA7FEEA0907" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1991" box="[183,303,1054,1077]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terrapes">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FF58FBA7FEEA0907" box="[183,303,1054,1077]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">A. terrapes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="83F045E0D4201840FED0FBA4FE450907" box="[319,384,1053,1077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[113,148,1900,1922]" captionTargetBox="[106,1453,1208,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-169@4.[95,1486,1205,1888]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 6. Arachnothelphusa kadamaiana (Borradaile, 1900), male (20.1 × 14.9 mm) (SMF 4282), Kadamian River, Sabah. A, right side of carapace; B, male abdominal somite 6 and telson; C, ventral view of left G1; D, ventral view of terminal segment of left G1; E, dorsal view of terminal segment of left G1; F, left G2; G, distal segment of left G2. Setae denuded for all structures. Scale bars: 3.0 mm (A); 1.0 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C, F); 0.25 mm (D, E, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502520/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
C–F; 
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FE52FBA7FDE30907" author="Ng PKL" box="[445,550,1053,1078]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref4432" refString="Ng PKL (1991) Bornean freshwater crabs of the genus Arachnothelphusa gen. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 65: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1991">Ng, 1991</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 6D–G). The G1 terminal segment of 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FE99FB87FE360967" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1991" box="[374,499,1086,1109]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terrapes">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FE99FB87FE360967" box="[374,499,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">A. terrapes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also distinct from all congeners in that it is gently curved upwards (
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FD9CFBE4FD1E0947" author="Ng PKL" box="[627,731,1117,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref4432" refString="Ng PKL (1991) Bornean freshwater crabs of the genus Arachnothelphusa gen. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 65: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1991">Ng, 1991</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 6D–G). The G1 of 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FEB5FBC7FDDC09A7" authorityName="Ng &amp; Goh" authorityYear="1987" box="[346,537,1149,1173]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhadamanthysi">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FEB5FBC7FDDC09A7" box="[346,537,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">A. rhadamanthysi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not known because no males of this species have been collected as yet.
</paragraph>
<caption id="4FB409EDD4201840FCACFC7CFABD0926" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502514" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4502514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502514/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" startId="3.[835,870,965,987]" targetBox="[835,1474,189,949]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="1B745965D4201840FCACFC7CFABD0926" blockId="3.[835,1474,965,1044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">
Fig. 3. The colour in life of 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FBBAFC7CFA4B0EE8" authority="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng, 2015" authorityName="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2015" box="[1109,1422,965,986]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merarapensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FBBAFC7CFA4B0EE8" box="[1109,1422,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Arachnothelphusa merarapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="328C380CD4201840FA75FC7CFC480EC5" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak. A, dorsal view; B, frontal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1B745965D4201840FF66FB64FED308E7" blockId="3.[136,776,1245,1493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">
The live colours of 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FEB7FB67FE2109C7" baseAuthorityName="De Man" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[344,484,1245,1269]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanippe">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FEB7FB67FE2109C7" box="[344,484,1245,1269]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">A. melanippe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FDF8FB67FD7C09C7" baseAuthorityName="Borradaile" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[535,697,1245,1269]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kadamaiana">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FDF8FB67FD7C09C7" box="[535,697,1245,1269]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">A. kadamaiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not known. 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FF0DFB44FDCF0827" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1991" box="[226,522,1277,1301]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terrapes">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FF0DFB44FDCF0827" box="[226,522,1277,1301]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Arachnothelphusa terrapes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has brown to reddishbrown carapace, chelipeds, and walking legs (
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FD84FAA4FD140807" author="Ng PKL" box="[619,721,1309,1333]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref4432" refString="Ng PKL (1991) Bornean freshwater crabs of the genus Arachnothelphusa gen. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 65: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1991">Ng, 1991</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 4, 5 [erroneously not labelled in original paper]) while 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FD1EFA87FEEF0847" authorityName="Ng &amp; Goh" authorityYear="1987" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhadamanthysi">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FD1EFA87FEEF0847" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">A. rhadamanthysi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a straw yellow coloured carapace and pereopods (
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FEE8FAC4FDC408A7" author="Ng PKL &amp; Goh R" box="[263,513,1405,1429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="313 - 330" refId="ref4607" refString="Ng PKL &amp; Goh R (1987) Cavernicolous freshwater crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from Sabah, Borneo. Stygologia, 3 (4): 313 - 330." type="journal article" year="1987">Ng &amp; Goh, 1987: 326</bibRefCitation>
). The live colour of the carapace and pereopods of 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FE41FA27FD980887" authorityName="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2015" box="[430,605,1438,1461]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merarapensis">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FE41FA27FD980887" box="[430,605,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">A. merarapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is bright purple (
<figureCitation id="83F045E0D4201840FF7EFA04FECC08E7" box="[145,265,1469,1493]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[835,870,965,987]" captionTargetBox="[835,1474,189,949]" captionTargetId="figure-849@3.[835,1474,189,949]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. The colour in life of Arachnothelphusa merarapensis, new species, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak. A, dorsal view; B, frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502514/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B745965D4201840FF66FA44FE430AA7" blockId="3.[135,776,1533,1942]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">
The taxonomy of genus 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FE6EFA44FD840B27" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1991" box="[385,577,1533,1557]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FE6EFA44FD840B27" box="[385,577,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Arachnothelphusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been discussed at length by 
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FEF3F9A7FE530B07" author="Ng PKL" box="[284,406,1565,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref4432" refString="Ng PKL (1991) Bornean freshwater crabs of the genus Arachnothelphusa gen. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 65: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1991">Ng (1991)</bibRefCitation>
. One poorly known Sarawakian species provisionally included in the genus by 
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FD7FF987FCC60B67" author="Ng PKL" box="[656,771,1597,1622]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref4432" refString="Ng PKL (1991) Bornean freshwater crabs of the genus Arachnothelphusa gen. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 65: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1991">Ng (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FF66F9E4FD640B47" authority="Colosi, 1920" authorityName="Colosi" authorityYear="1920" box="[137,673,1629,1653]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" subGenus="Liothelphusa">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FF66F9E4FEE30B47" box="[137,294,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FEDCF9E4FE7B0B47" box="[307,446,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Liothelphusa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FE23F9E4FDD40B47" box="[460,529,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">nobilii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FDF8F9E4FD640B47" author="Colosi G" box="[535,673,1629,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref3851" refString="Colosi G (1920) I Potamonidi del R. Museo Zoologico di Torino. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 35 (734): 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1920">Colosi, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, was later shown to be a species of 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FE64F9C4FD530BA7" authority="Ng, 1989" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1989" box="[395,662,1661,1686]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Stygothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FE64F9C4FDEB0BA7" box="[395,558,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Stygothelphusa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FDDAF9C7FD530BA7" author="Ng PKL" box="[565,662,1661,1686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref4375" refString="Ng PKL (1989) The identity of the cavernicolous freshwater crab Potamon (Thelphusa) bidiense Lanchester, 1900 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from Sarawak, Borneo, with description of a new genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 37 (1 &amp; 2): 63 - 72." type="journal article" year="1989">Ng, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FD22F9C7FEE50B87" author="Ng PKL &amp; Alvarez F" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="337" refId="ref4556" refString="Ng PKL &amp; Alvarez F (2000) Villalobosus, a replacement name for Stygothelphusa Alvarez and Villalobos, 1991 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pseudothelphusidae), preoccupied by Stygothelphusa Ng, 1989 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 48: 337." type="journal article" year="2000">Ng &amp; Álvarez, 2000</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FEC6F927FE4B0B87" author="Ng PKL" box="[297,398,1693,1718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="91 - 97" refId="ref4513" refString="Ng PKL (2013) Stygothelphusa cranbrooki, a new species of cave crab from Gua Sireh, Sarawak, Malaysia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinudidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 29: 91 - 97." type="journal article" year="2013">Ng, 2013</bibRefCitation>
). The new species, 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FDBBF927FCC50B87" authorityName="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2015" box="[596,768,1694,1717]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merarapensis">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FDBBF927FCC50B87" box="[596,768,1694,1717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">A. merarapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described here is clearly member of 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FDD5F904FCCD0BE7" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1991" box="[570,776,1725,1749]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FDD5F904FCCD0BE7" box="[570,776,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Arachnothelphusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it has long ambulatory legs, a transversely ovate carapace, convex anterolateral margins, rugose antero- and posterolateral carapace regions, a slender G1 whose terminal segment is elongated and at least a quarter the length of the subterminal segment, and an elongate G2 with a short distal segment (
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FF1DF8C4FEBC0AA7" author="Ng PKL" box="[242,377,1917,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref4432" refString="Ng PKL (1991) Bornean freshwater crabs of the genus Arachnothelphusa gen. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 65: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1991">Ng, 1991: 2</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B745965D4201840FF66F804FC190871" blockId="3.[136,777,1981,2101]" lastBlockId="3.[834,1475,1099,1347]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">
All species of 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FEF0F804FE260AE7" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1991" box="[287,483,1981,2005]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FEF0F804FE260AE7" box="[287,483,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Arachnothelphusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are semi-terrestrial in habit and have been recorded from limestone caves and high elevation habitats (
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FEB8F844FE050527" author="Ng PKL" box="[343,448,2045,2069]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref4432" refString="Ng PKL (1991) Bornean freshwater crabs of the genus Arachnothelphusa gen. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 65: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1991">Ng, 1991</bibRefCitation>
). Although a specimen of one species, 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FF0BF7A7FE990507" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1991" box="[228,348,2078,2101]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terrapes">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FF0BF7A7FE990507" box="[228,348,2078,2101]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">A. terrapes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was found on a tree stump (
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4201840FD75F7A4FCA40956" author="Ng PKL" box="[666,865,1100,2101]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref4432" refString="Ng PKL (1991) Bornean freshwater crabs of the genus Arachnothelphusa gen. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 65: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1991">Ng, 1991: 11</bibRefCitation>
), until the present report there has been no evidence that these freshwater crabs are arboreal and live in tree holes. 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FCACFB32FB670991" authority="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng, 2015" authorityName="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2015" box="[835,1186,1163,1187]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merarapensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FCACFB32FB670991" box="[835,1186,1163,1187]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Arachnothelphusa merarapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="328C380CD4201840FB5DFB35FAFC0991" box="[1202,1337,1163,1187]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, is therefore the first species of this genus known to be a true phytotelm crab. All known 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FC00FB72FB7409D1" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1991" box="[1007,1201,1227,1251]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FC00FB72FB7409D1" box="[1007,1201,1227,1251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Arachnothelphusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species seemed to display a discrete distribution, but future molecular studies are needed to enhance our knowledge on their phylogeographic pattern in this region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B745965D4201846FCACFAD2FEF10F47" blockId="3.[834,1476,1387,2115]" lastBlockId="5.[136,775,189,629]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="459" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FCACFAD2FC6708B1" bold="true" box="[835,930,1387,1411]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Habitat.</emphasis>
The habitat of 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4201840FBA4FAD5FB3E08B1" authorityName="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2015" box="[1099,1275,1388,1411]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merarapensis">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4201840FBA4FAD5FB3E08B1" box="[1099,1275,1388,1411]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">A. merarapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a steep primary dipterocarp forest with a closed canopy, near the thermal springs area of the Merarap Hot Spring Resort. The 
<typeStatus id="C470E7C7D4201840FA8AFA12FA0708F1" box="[1381,1474,1451,1475]" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male was caught from a water-filled tree-hole, ca. 
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deep, ca. 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4201840FC44FA52FC2A0B31" box="[939,1007,1515,1539]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
in diameter, and ca. 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4201840FB39FA55FAE20B31" box="[1238,1319,1516,1540]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" unit="cm" value="100.0">100 cm</quantity>
above ground (
<figureCitation id="83F045E0D4201840FCA3F9B2FC530B16" box="[844,918,1547,1572]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[113,148,960,982]" captionTargetBox="[225,640,189,941]" captionTargetId="figure-96@4.[225,640,189,941]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig.4. Illustration of Arachnothelphusa merarapensis, new species, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), emerging at night from its filled-water tree-hole in primary dipterocarp forest, Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502516/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="457">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). The bottom layer of the tree-hole consists of finely decomposed organic material (plant and arthropod debris), with the other two-thirds filled with water which increases after heavy rain. The two other specimens were caught from the water-filled crevices of tree buttresses. One buttress-crevice had a diameter of about 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4201840FAACF912FA4F0BF1" box="[1347,1418,1707,1731]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" unit="cm" value="26.0">26 cm</quantity>
, was 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4201840FCACF972FC4C0BD1" box="[835,905,1739,1763]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
deep, and 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4201840FBE8F975FB880BD1" box="[1031,1101,1740,1764]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" unit="cm" value="90.0">90 cm</quantity>
above the ground, and contained tightly compacted roots and leaf litter, with a hole dug into this that was apparently constructed by the crab. The other buttress-crevice runs along the side of the buttress and is about 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4201840FC65F8F5FC150A51" box="[906,976,1868,1892]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
above ground, shallow (
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), horizontal, and 
<quantity id="DC33F480D4201840FC9BF8D5FC7C0AB1" box="[884,953,1900,1924]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="457" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
deep. For two consecutive nights, the first two authors examined more than 15 tree-holes and crevices of different form, size, and conditions (either water-filled, dry, or debris-filled tree-holes), but we were only able to locate three specimens. This species is nocturnal and highly sensitive to light. We did not find any burrows on the soil around the tree-holes, suggesting the crab is a tree-hole specialist. Other true freshwater crabs from the Old World showing similar phytotelmic behaviour are 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4261846FE11FF67FD260C27" authority="Cumberlidge &amp; Vannini, 2004" authorityName="Cumberlidge &amp; Vannini" authorityYear="2004" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raybouldi">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4261846FE11FF67FCC20DC7" box="[510,775,221,245]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="459">Potamonautes raybouldi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4261846FF67FF44FDC40C27" author="Cumberlidge N &amp; Vannini M" box="[136,513,253,277]" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" pagination="681 - 693" refId="ref4036" refString="Cumberlidge N &amp; Vannini M (2004) Ecology and taxonomy of a tree-living freshwater crab (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) from Kenya and Tanzania, East Africa. Journal of Natural History, 38: 681 - 693." type="journal article" year="2004">Cumberlidge &amp; Vannini, 2004</bibRefCitation>
(Potamonautidae)
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="63DC19F5D4261846FF67FEA4FF2A0C07" box="[136,239,285,309]" name="Tanzania" pageId="5" pageNumber="459">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, East Africa; 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4261846FE60FEA4FE4C0C67" authority="(Rathbun, 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Globonautes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macropus">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4261846FE60FEA4FD550C07" box="[399,656,285,309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="459">Globonautes macropus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4261846FD4DFEA4FF7A0C67" author="Rathbun MJ" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" pagination="27 - 30" refId="ref4688" refString="Rathbun MJ (1898) Descriptions of three species of fresh-water crabs of the genus Potamon. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 12: 27 - 30." type="journal article" year="1898">Rathbun, 1898</bibRefCitation>
) (Potamonautidae)
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="63DC19F5D4261846FE46FE84FE3C0C67" box="[425,505,317,341]" name="Liberia" pageId="5" pageNumber="459">Liberia</collectingCountry>
, West Africa; 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4261846FD60FE84FE8D0CA7" authority="(Cumberlidge, Boyko &amp; Harvey, 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Cumberlidge, Boyko &amp; Harvey" baseAuthorityYear="2002" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Malagasya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="goodmani">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4261846FD60FE84FEC40C47" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="459">Malagasya goodmani</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4261846FEF8FEE4FD380C47" author="Cumberlidge N &amp; Boyko CB &amp; Harvey AW" box="[279,765,349,374]" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" pagination="65 - 77" refId="ref3890" refString="Cumberlidge N, Boyko CB &amp; Harvey AW (2002) A new genus and species of freshwater crab (Decapoda: Crustacea: Potamoidea) from northern Madagascar, and a second new species associated with Pandanus leaf axils. Journal of Natural History, 36 (1): 65 - 77." type="journal article" year="2002">Cumberlidge, Boyko &amp; Harvey, 2002</bibRefCitation>
) (Potamonautidae)
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="63DC19F5D4261846FE81FEC4FE370CA7" box="[366,498,381,405]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="459">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
; and 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4261846FDC1FEC4FE1E0C87" authority="(Ng, 1995)" baseAuthorityName="Ng" baseAuthorityYear="1995" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Perbrinckia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scansor">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4261846FDC1FEC4FCC20CA7" box="[558,775,381,405]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="459">Perbrinckia scansor</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4261846FF7FFE24FEC40C87" author="Ng PKL" box="[144,257,413,437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref4467" refString="Ng PKL (1995) Ceylonthelphusa scansor, a new species of treeclimbing crab from Sinharaja Forest in Sri Lanka (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Journal of South Asian Natural History, 1 (2): 175 - 184." type="journal article" year="1995">Ng, 1995</bibRefCitation>
) (Gecarcinucidae)
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="63DC19F5D4261846FDE7FE24FDBE0C87" box="[520,635,413,437]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="5" pageNumber="459">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4261846FD7FFE24FCC70C87" author="Ng PKL" box="[656,770,413,437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref4467" refString="Ng PKL (1995) Ceylonthelphusa scansor, a new species of treeclimbing crab from Sinharaja Forest in Sri Lanka (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Journal of South Asian Natural History, 1 (2): 175 - 184." type="journal article" year="1995">Ng, 1995</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4261846FF67FE04FE7D0CE7" author="Cumberlidge N &amp; Sachs R" box="[136,440,445,469]" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" pagination="55 - 68" refId="ref3986" refString="Cumberlidge N &amp; Sachs R (1991) Ecology, distribution, and growth in Globonautes macropus (Rathbun, 1898), a tree-living freshwater crab from the rain forests of Liberia (Parathelphusoidea, Gecarcinucidae). Crustaceana, 61 (1): 55 - 68." type="journal article" year="1991">Cumberlidge &amp; Sachs, 1991</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4261846FE2CFE04FD9D0CE7" author="Bayliss J" box="[451,600,445,469]" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" pagination="26 - 34" refId="ref3728" refString="Bayliss J (2002) The East Usumbara tree-hole crab (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) - a striking example of crustacean adaptation in closed canopy forest, Tanzania. African Journal of Ecology, 40: 26 - 34." type="journal article" year="2002">Bayliss, 2002</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4261846FD8DFE04FF220CC7" author="Cumberlidge N &amp; Boyko CB &amp; Harvey AW" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" pagination="65 - 77" refId="ref3890" refString="Cumberlidge N, Boyko CB &amp; Harvey AW (2002) A new genus and species of freshwater crab (Decapoda: Crustacea: Potamoidea) from northern Madagascar, and a second new species associated with Pandanus leaf axils. Journal of Natural History, 36 (1): 65 - 77." type="journal article" year="2002">Cumberlidge et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4261846FF1DFE64FEEE0CC7" author="Cumberlidge N &amp; Fenolio DB &amp; Walvoord ME &amp; Stout J" box="[242,299,477,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" pagination="302 - 308" refId="ref3945" refString="Cumberlidge N, Fenolio DB, Walvoord ME &amp; Stout J (2005) Tree-climbing crabs (Potamonautidae and Sesarmidae) from phytotelmic microhabitats in rainforest canopy in Madagascar. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 25: 302 - 308." type="journal article" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4261846FEDAFE64FDBA0CC7" author="Cumberlidge N &amp; Vannini M" box="[309,639,477,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" pagination="681 - 693" refId="ref4036" refString="Cumberlidge N &amp; Vannini M (2004) Ecology and taxonomy of a tree-living freshwater crab (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) from Kenya and Tanzania, East Africa. Journal of Natural History, 38: 681 - 693." type="journal article" year="2004">Cumberlidge &amp; Vannini, 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4261846FD65FE64FF040F27" author="Bahir MM &amp; Ng PKL &amp; Crandall K &amp; Pethiyagoda R &amp; Cumberlidge N" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" refId="ref3684" refString="Bahir MM, Ng PKL, Crandall K, Pethiyagoda R &amp; Cumberlidge N (2008) Perbrinckia scansor. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. www. iucnredlist. org. (Accessed 14 November 2014)." type="book" year="2008">Bahir et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<collectingCountry id="63DC19F5D4261846FF02FE44FE8E0F27" box="[237,331,509,533]" name="Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="459">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
, the sesarmid crab 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4261846FDE1FE44FCC00F27" box="[526,773,509,533]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Scandarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidum">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4261846FDE1FE44FCC00F27" box="[526,773,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="459">Scandarma splendidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported climbing forest trees at night in western 
<collectingCountry id="63DC19F5D4261846FF67FD84FF210F67" box="[136,228,573,597]" name="Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="459">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4261846FF1BFD84FE0A0F67" author="Naruse T &amp; Ng PKL" box="[244,463,573,598]" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" pagination="337 - 341" refId="ref4284" refString="Naruse T &amp; Ng PKL (2007) Scandarma splendidum, a new species of tree-climbing crab (Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from Sarawak, Malaysia, Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 55 (2): 337 - 341." type="journal article" year="2007">Naruse &amp; Ng, 2007</bibRefCitation>
), but it is not known to be a phytotelm crab.
</paragraph>
<caption id="4FB409EDD4271847FF9EFC79FE54091F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502516" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4502516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502516/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="458" startId="4.[113,148,960,982]" targetBox="[225,640,189,941]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="1B745965D4271847FF9EFC79FE54091F" blockId="4.[112,752,960,1069]" pageId="4" pageNumber="458">
Fig. 4. Illustration of 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4271847FED8FC79FDAB0EE4" authority="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng, 2015" authorityName="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2015" box="[311,622,960,982]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merarapensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4271847FED8FC79FDAB0EE4" box="[311,622,960,982]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="458">Arachnothelphusa merarapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="328C380CD4271847FD97FC78FD290EE4" box="[632,748,960,982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="458" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype male (22.5 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC), emerging at night from its filled-water tree-hole in primary dipterocarp forest, Merarap Hot Spring, Lawas, Sarawak.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="4FB409EDD4271847FCC2FBACFA6309B3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4502518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502518/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="458" startId="4.[813,848,1045,1067]" targetBox="[813,1452,189,1029]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="1B745965D4271847FCC2FBACFA6309B3" blockId="4.[811,1453,1045,1153]" pageId="4" pageNumber="458">
Fig. 5. 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4271847FC82FBACFA8A0919" authority="(Borradaile, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Borradaile" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[877,1359,1045,1067]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kadamaiana">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4271847FC82FBACFB5D0918" box="[877,1176,1045,1066]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="458">Arachnothelphusa kadamaiana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4271847FB4BFBACFA8D0919" author="Borradaile LA" box="[1188,1352,1045,1067]" pageId="4" pageNumber="458" pagination="93 - 95" refId="ref3770" refString="Borradaile LA (1900) On a small collection of decapod crustaceans from freshwater in North Borneo. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1900: 93 - 95." type="journal article" year="1900">Borradaile, 1900</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, holotype female (18.9 × 13.5 mm) (SMF 4281), Kadamian River, Sabah. A, overall dorsal view of habitus; B, frontal view of carapace; C, ventral view showing abdomen, third maxillipeds and chelae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="4FB409EDD4271847FF9EF8D5FD940AEB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502520" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4502520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502520/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="458" startId="4.[113,148,1900,1922]" targetBox="[106,1453,1208,1884]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="1B745965D4271847FF9EF8D5FD940AEB" blockId="4.[113,1452,1900,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="458">
Fig. 6. 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4271847FF55F8D5FD660AB1" authority="(Borradaile, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Borradaile" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[186,675,1900,1923]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kadamaiana">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4271847FF55F8D5FE220AB3" box="[186,487,1900,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="458">Arachnothelphusa kadamaiana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4271847FE1AF8D5FD590AB1" author="Borradaile LA" box="[501,668,1900,1923]" pageId="4" pageNumber="458" pagination="93 - 95" refId="ref3770" refString="Borradaile LA (1900) On a small collection of decapod crustaceans from freshwater in North Borneo. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1900: 93 - 95." type="journal article" year="1900">Borradaile, 1900</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, male (20.1 × 14.9 mm) (SMF 4282), Kadamian River, Sabah. A, right side of carapace; B, male abdominal somite 6 and telson; C, ventral view of left G1; D, ventral view of terminal segment of left G1; E, dorsal view of terminal segment of left G1; F, left G2; G, distal segment of left G2. Setae denuded for all structures. Scale bars: 3.0 mm (A); 1.0 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C, F); 0.25 mm (D, E, G).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1B745965D4261846FF67FD24FD3A0EE7" blockId="5.[136,776,669,981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4261846FF67FD24FE420F87" bold="true" box="[136,391,669,693]" pageId="5" pageNumber="459">Conservation status.</emphasis>
Considering unique habitat and probable limited distribution, 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4261846FE3AFD07FD4F0FE7" authorityName="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2015" box="[469,650,702,725]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merarapensis">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4261846FE3AFD07FD4F0FE7" box="[469,650,702,725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="459">A. merarapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will easily be threatened by human activities, especially logging. The 
<typeStatus id="C470E7C7D4261846FF67FD47FF730E24" box="[136,182,766,790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="459">type</typeStatus>
locality is not protected but the forest is currently safe because it is part of the Merarap Hot Spring Resort. However, the forest in the vicinity is part of a concession allocated to logging companies and the future of the species is therefore uncertain. As such, we recommend that 
<taxonomicName id="DCCB22E6D4261846FDBEFCC7FCC20EA7" authorityName="Grinang &amp; Min &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2015" box="[593,775,894,917]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Arachnothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merarapensis">
<emphasis id="29BF8577D4261846FDBEFCC7FCC20EA7" box="[593,775,894,917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="459">A. merarapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should at least be listed as “Vulnerable” in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="7F5A2494D4261846FE0EFC04FD310EE7" author="Cumberlidge N &amp; Ng PKL &amp; Yeo DCJ &amp; Magalhaes C &amp; Campos MR &amp; Alvarez F &amp; Naruse T &amp; Daniels SR &amp; Esser LJ &amp; Attipoe FYK &amp; Clotilde-Ba F-L &amp; Darwall W &amp; Mcivor A &amp; Collen B &amp; Ram M" box="[481,756,957,981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="459" pagination="1665 - 1673" refId="ref4078" refString="Cumberlidge N, Ng PKL, Yeo DCJ, Magalhaes C, Campos MR, Alvarez F, Naruse T, Daniels SR, Esser LJ, Attipoe FYK, Clotilde-Ba F-L, Darwall W, Mcivor A, Collen B &amp; Ram M (2009) Freshwater crabs and the biodiversity crisis: importance, threats, status, and conservation challenges. Biology Conservation, 142: 1665 - 1673." type="journal article" year="2009">Cumberlidge et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>