593 lines
61 KiB
XML
593 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document id="61FBE934994977CB608CEC0270E2DF1C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3721.5.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c98526a8-989b-4903-830b-eb43c8910246" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="216605" ID-ZooBank="5E654B97-1FD1-4048-BEF2-02911CA5DDFC" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460689841773" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schargel, Walter E., Lamar, William W., Passos, Paulo, Valencia, Jorge H., Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. & Campbell, Jonathan A." docDate="2013" docId="C70787E9FFA0664BFF076DE5FB24244B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03721p474.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3721 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Atractus snethlageae" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="466" masterDocId="3B3EFF91FFAA6640FF906D72FFCA234F" masterDocTitle="A new giant Atractus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from Ecuador, with notes on some other large Amazonian congeners" masterLastPageNumber="474" masterPageNumber="455" pageNumber="465" updateTime="1698351696366" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B6EB85CBDA022623A5A3A6A7256992C0">A new giant Atractus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from Ecuador, with notes on some other large Amazonian congeners</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="01B5D3C35139F1011DA3B05BE3572F23">Schargel, Walter E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E5EBBF95B4282784B80A9303BD96CB6F">Lamar, William W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="89900055FC1216A83696D69EDEBAC793">Passos, Paulo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8E8CBDB4937FEC47279174CC5613E4CC">Valencia, Jorge H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A87ED305AA1D46EACE3C09EF8F2AC093">Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DF7EBB3C7D9516A188383F4E0E3CB092">Campbell, Jonathan A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FFF1A5F317674ECC2FF1EE36F1AD7F91">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F6B9993E2ED48C3F29304CB9D3D091A8">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0B6122D761851F3F36B0232EE00EEFDA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B74A3569FFC3E8F7FC087C1EB88C8B6D">3721</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="2401CD03FC6C46C0A942A6E227D577D8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3721.5.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1A1879F3EC1F4929DB8067FBF53ADD46" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C70787E9FFA0664BFF076DE5FB24244B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631981" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119578026" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631981" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C70787E9FFA0664BFF076DE5FB24244B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C70787E9FFA0664BFF076DE5FB24244B" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
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<subSubSection id="07B46574FFA0664AFF076DE5FEF92278" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4F1136FFFFA0664AFF076DE5FD2623FD" blockId="10.[151,748,151,211]" box="[151,748,151,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
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<heading id="14598193FFA0664AFF076DE5FD2623FD" bold="true" box="[151,748,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFF076DE5FD2623FD" bold="true" box="[151,748,151,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
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||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFF076DE5FE5E23FE" box="[151,404,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
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<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFF076DE5FE5E23FE" bold="true" box="[151,404,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Atractus snethlageae</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA0664AFE0B6DEAFE3A23FD" box="[411,496,152,178]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Cunha</collectingCountry>
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& Nascimento 1983
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4F1136FFFFA0664AFF076DC8FEE2239C" blockId="10.[151,748,151,211]" box="[151,296,186,211]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
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||
<figureCitation id="D7952A7AFFA0664AFF076DC8FF29239C" box="[151,227,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[181,1386,227,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Specimens of large banded / blotched Atractus from the Amazon Basin grouped into three color pattern types (I: top row, II: middle, III: bottom). Extremes of variation within each color pattern type are shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216606/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="D7952A7AFFA0664AFE8A6DC9FEE2239C" box="[282,296,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1289,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1267]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,409,1268]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of individuals in life of A. major (top left: Amazonas, Venezuela; top right: Bolívar, Venezuela; bottom left: Ecuador) and A. snethlageae (bottom right: Ecuador)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216608/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4F1136FFFFA0664AFF076C71FEF92278" blockId="10.[151,1436,258,556]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
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<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFF076C71FE572257" authority="F. Boie" authorityName="F. Boie" box="[151,413,258,280]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">
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<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFF076C71FEF22257" box="[151,312,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Atractus badius</emphasis>
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(F. Boie)
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFE0D6C71FE792257" box="[413,435,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">—</emphasis>
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Amaral 1930a: 93 (in part), 1930b: 59 (in part); Carrillo & Icochea 1995: 13; Doan & Arizábal 2000: 116.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="07B46574FFA0664AFF076C33FEED2163" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4F1136FFFFA0664AFF076C33FD9E223B" blockId="10.[151,1436,258,556]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
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<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFF076C33FE552219" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" box="[151,415,320,342]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
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<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFF076C33FEE52219" box="[151,303,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Atractus major</emphasis>
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Boulenger
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFE0E6C33FE7E2219" box="[414,436,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">—</emphasis>
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Savage 1960: 47 (in part, see remarks); Duellman 1978: 229 (in part, see remarks); Pérez-Santos & Moreno 1991: 94 (in part, see remarks)
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="4F1136FFFFA0664AFF076C0CFDF322DC" blockId="10.[151,1436,258,556]" box="[151,569,381,403]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
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||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFF076C0CFF2722DC" box="[151,237,382,403]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFF076C0CFF2722DC" box="[151,237,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Atractus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. B
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<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFEB76C0CFEF722DC" box="[295,317,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">—</emphasis>
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Dixon & Soini 1977: 37.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4F1136FFFFA0664AFF076CEEFDFE229F" blockId="10.[151,1436,258,556]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
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||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFF076CEEFE1222FD" authority="F. Boie" authorityName="F. Boie" box="[151,472,412,434]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flammigerus">
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<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFF076CEEFEB922FD" box="[151,371,412,434]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Atractus flammigerus</emphasis>
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(F. Boie)
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFE486CEFFE2422FD" box="[472,494,413,434]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">—</emphasis>
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Hoogmoed 1980: 20 (in part, specimen from
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<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA0664AFC586CEFFC3122FD" box="[968,1019,413,434]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Peru</collectingCountry>
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); Dixon & Soini 1986: 93; Duellman & Salas 1991: 9; Duellman 2005: 366.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4F1136FFFFA0664AFF076CA8FCF322A0" blockId="10.[151,1436,258,556]" box="[151,825,473,495]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
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<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFF076CA8FE3B22A0" box="[151,497,473,495]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="flammigerus" subSpecies="snethlageae">
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<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFF076CA8FE3B22A0" box="[151,497,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Atractus flammigerus snethlageae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA0664AFE676CABFDF322A0" box="[503,569,473,495]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Cunha</collectingCountry>
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& Nascimento 1983: 19.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4F1136FFFFA0664AFF076C8BFEED2163" blockId="10.[151,1436,258,556]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
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<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFF076C8BFE4E2141" box="[151,388,504,526]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
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<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFF076C8BFF272141" box="[151,237,505,526]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Atractus</taxonomicName>
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snethlageae—
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</emphasis>
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Vanzolini 1986: 25; Martins & Oliveira 1993: 34; Martins & Oliveira 1999: 97; Giraudo & Scrocchi 2000: 82.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="07B46574FFA0664AFF076F26FC0F21DF" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="4F1136FFFFA0664AFF076F26FC0F21DF" blockId="10.[151,1437,596,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFF076F26FE1C2122" bold="true" box="[151,470,596,621]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
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||
<typeStatus id="9015885DFFA0664AFF076F26FECE2122" box="[151,260,596,621]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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and
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<typeStatus id="9015885DFFA0664AFEAF6F26FEB92122" box="[319,371,596,621]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Adult male, MPEG 10131, collected in October 0 3, 1976, at locality of Colônia Nova (
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<geoCoordinate id="2A9A5038FFA0664AFF306F05FF3121DF" box="[160,251,631,656]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" precision="925" value="-1.4333334">01º26’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="2A9A5038FFA0664AFE986F0AFEBA21DF" box="[264,368,632,656]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" precision="925" value="-47.533333">47º32’W</geoCoordinate>
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), Rio Gurupi, Rodovia BR-316, State of Pará,
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<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA0664AFCE96F05FC0B21DF" box="[889,961,631,656]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="07B46574FFA0664AFF576FEEFE2925CF" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="4F1136FFFFA0664AFF576FEEFB9E20FF" blockId="10.[151,1437,596,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
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||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFF576FEEFE8B21FA" bold="true" box="[199,321,668,693]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A species of
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<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFE746FEEFD8921FC" box="[484,579,668,691]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFE746FEEFD8921FC" box="[484,579,668,691]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Atractus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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with 17 dorsal scales rows, differing from all congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) large size, adults reaching about
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||
<quantity id="88569B1AFFA0664AFCFC6FB2FC002198" box="[876,970,704,728]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" unit="mm" value="700.0">700 mm</quantity>
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in TL; (2) loreal long (about three times longer than high); (3) generally seven (rarely eight) supralabials with third and fourth (fourth and fifth whenever eight supralabials are present) in contact with eye; (4) generally eight (rarely seven) infralabials with first four in contact with chinshields; (5) six to seven maxillary teeth; (6) 151–180 ventral scales in females and
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||
<quantity id="88569B1AFFA0664AFA8B6E5EFA56200A" box="[1307,1436,812,837]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8354" metricValueMax="4.191" metricValueMin="3.4798" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" unit="in" value="151.0" valueMax="165.0" valueMin="137.0">137–165 in</quantity>
|
||
males; (7) 19–28 subcaudal scales in females and
|
||
<quantity id="88569B1AFFA0664AFD766E3DFC872027" box="[742,845,847,872]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" metricValueMax="11.43" metricValueMin="6.858" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" unit="in" value="36.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="27.0">27–45 in</quantity>
|
||
females; (8) tail of moderate length: Tail/TL 6.9– 17.6%; (9) dorsal color pattern of dark gray/brown ground coloration with pale crossbands or blotches usually edged in black, or dorsal ground color pale brown with dark brown or black blotches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F1136FFFFA0664AFF576ECEFE2925CF" blockId="10.[151,1437,596,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFF576ECEFEA6209A" bold="true" box="[199,364,956,981]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
The comparisons and confusions in the literature involving
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFBB86ECEFB05209B" box="[1064,1231,956,980]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFBB86ECEFBF3209C" box="[1064,1081,956,979]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFBD96ECEFB05209B" box="[1097,1231,956,980]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFA9B6ECEFABA209B" box="[1291,1392,956,980]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFA9B6ECEFAD6209C" box="[1291,1308,956,979]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFABD6ECFFABA209B" box="[1325,1392,957,980]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">major</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are discussed in the previous species account and will not be repeated here. With respect to Amazonian species with 17 dorsal scales, the frequent color morph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFDE66976FCD62753" box="[630,796,1028,1052]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFDE66976FD4D2754" box="[630,647,1028,1051]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFD066976FCD62753" box="[662,796,1028,1052]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is rather unique in having well-defined pale crossbands, typically edged in black, on a dark background. Some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFC27695AFBF2270F" box="[951,1080,1064,1088]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFC27695AFC022770" box="[951,968,1064,1087]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFC4A695AFBF2270F" box="[986,1080,1064,1088]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are somewhat similar in color pattern, but they can be easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFD41693EFCBD272B" box="[721,887,1100,1124]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFD41693EFD28272C" box="[721,738,1100,1123]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFD61693EFCBD272B" box="[753,887,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having one postocular (as opposed to two), a loreal that is less than twice as long as wide (as opposed to twice as long as wide), and typically having six supralabials (as opposed to typically having seven). Juvenile specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFC7569E6FB8827E3" box="[997,1090,1172,1196]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFC7569E6FC3C27E4" box="[997,1014,1172,1195]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFB9569E7FB8827E3" box="[1029,1090,1173,1196]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">gigas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a color pattern similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFF0769CAFEF7279F" box="[151,317,1208,1232]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFF0769CAFF622780" box="[151,168,1208,1231]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFF2769CAFEF7279F" box="[183,317,1208,1232]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but the two species differ in the number of infralabials in contact with the chinshields (three in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFA1469CAFF1E27BB" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFA1469CAFA5F2780" box="[1412,1429,1208,1231]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFF0769AFFF1E27BB" box="[151,212,1245,1268]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">gigas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, four in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFEAC69AEFE2E27BB" box="[316,484,1244,1268]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFEAC69AEFE8727BC" box="[316,333,1244,1267]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFECE69AEFE2E27BB" box="[350,484,1244,1268]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The less common color pattern, a pale brown background with dark blotches, is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFE986872FEBF2657" box="[264,373,1280,1304]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schach">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFE986872FEBF2657" box="[264,373,1280,1304]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">A. schach</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see remarks) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFDD96872FD192657" box="[585,723,1280,1304]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFDD96872FD192657" box="[585,723,1280,1304]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">A. torquatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFD706872FC7A2657" box="[736,944,1280,1304]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFD706872FC7A2657" box="[736,944,1280,1304]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Atractus torquatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has one postocular (as opposed to two in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFA146872FED72673" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFA146872FA5F2658" box="[1412,1429,1280,1303]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFF076856FED72673" box="[151,285,1316,1340]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) without reported exceptions.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFDE56856FCA82673" box="[629,866,1316,1340]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFDE56856FCA82673" box="[629,866,1316,1340]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Atractus snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFBA36856FB152673" box="[1075,1247,1316,1340]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flammigerus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFBA36856FB152673" box="[1075,1247,1316,1340]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">A. flammigerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(character states in parenthesis) but differs from this species in lacking keels on dorsal scales (adults have keels on dorsal scales at the level of the vent), typically seven supralabials (typically eight), and a venter with tiny dark spots forming irregular diffuse markings (spots are solid, regular, about the size of a dorsal scale and which tend to form longitudinal stripes). According to the statistical analysis
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFCF168C6FBDA2683" box="[865,1040,1460,1484]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFCF168C6FCB82684" box="[865,882,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFC1A68C6FBDA2683" box="[906,1040,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFBCA68C6FAC52683" box="[1114,1295,1460,1484]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flammigerus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFBCA68C6FBA12684" box="[1114,1131,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFB1368C6FAC52683" box="[1155,1295,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">flammigerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differ morphometrically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7952A7AFFA0664AFEFE68A5FE7826BF" box="[366,434,1495,1520]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,519,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,519,1779]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Results of the multivariate statistical analyses (ellipses always represent 95 % confidence intervals). Top left: Scatterplot of the first two PC of an analysis grouping specimens into color patterns types I (solid dots), II (Xs), and III (open dots). Top right: Scatterplot of the first two PC of an analysis including specimens of A. snethlageae (open dots) and A. touzeti (solid dots). Bottom left: scatterplot of TL vs. PC 2 in specimens of A. snethlageae (open dots) and A. touzeti (solid dots); fitted straight line and squared correlation coefficient are for the first species. Bottom right: Scatterplot of the first two PC of an analysis including specimens of A. badius (solid dots), A. flammigerus (Xs), and A. snethlageae (open dots)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216607/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) with a large separation in PC2. Because SUPRAOC had the highest component loadings on PC2 we looked into this variable to see if it could be helpful for discriminating the two species. Indeed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFA14688EFEE92577" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flammigerus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFA14688EFA5F255C" box="[1412,1429,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFF076B52FEE92577" box="[151,291,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">flammigerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has longer supraoculars than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFD176B52FCFA2577" box="[647,816,1568,1592]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFD176B52FD522578" box="[647,664,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFD3A6B52FCFA2577" box="[682,816,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and this character, for the purpose of being used as diagnostic, can be presented as SUPRAOC/HL ratio. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFCB66B36FC1F2513" box="[806,981,1604,1628]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flammigerus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFCB66B36FCFD2514" box="[806,823,1604,1627]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFCD96B36FC1F2513" box="[841,981,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">flammigerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this ratio is 0.182-0.188 whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA0664AFA146B36FED725CF" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFA146B36FA5F2514" box="[1412,1429,1604,1627]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFF076B1AFED725CF" box="[151,285,1640,1664]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is 0.093-0.152.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="07B46574FFA0664BFF576BFEFED5229F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F1136FFFFA0664BFF576BFEFED5229F" blockId="10.[151,1437,596,2025]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,1797]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA0664AFF576BFEFEB825EA" bold="true" box="[199,370,1676,1701]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Color pattern.</emphasis>
|
||
Two different color pattern
|
||
<typeStatus id="9015885DFFA0664AFD3C6BFFFD2D25EA" box="[684,743,1677,1701]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">types</typeStatus>
|
||
occur in this species with considerable variation within them. The most common pattern (pattern II in statistical analyses) consists of a dark brown or dark grayish brown ground coloration with cream or buff yellow dorsal crossbands that extend down to the second or third dorsal scale row on the sides. The dorsal bands typically expand longitudinally into one or two dorsal scales and are edged by black, but in some specimens the bands are irregular and form blotches that may expand longitudinally more than two dorsal scales. Rarely the black edges are inconspicuous. The crossbands may be complete across the dorsum, interrupted in the vertebral region or alternating on the sides. The interspace between crossbands is longer than the crossbands themselves, encompassing two to seven dorsal scales but with variation within individuals. The first two dorsal scales have an irregular pattern of dark and pale mottling and solid cream spots might also be present at that level. A large white or cream nuchal band is present in juveniles and small adults but gradually darkens and disappears as individuals get larger. In adults the top of the head is either the same color as the background color of the body or slightly paler. Irregular and inconspicous dark spots or mottling are frequently observed on the head. In the other, less common color pattern
|
||
<typeStatus id="9015885DFFA1664BFDD46D92FDBE23B7" box="[580,628,224,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(pattern III in statistical analyses) the dorsal background coloration is pale brown or creamy brown (in preservative) with a series of irregular paired dark brown blotches that may or may not contact each other middorsally. A dark brown nuchal band is usually present with the head usually darker than the dorsal background. The ventral coloration in both color pattern
|
||
<typeStatus id="9015885DFFA1664BFC356C3FFC2A222A" box="[933,992,333,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">types</typeStatus>
|
||
is creamy with varying levels of dark brown pigmentation in the form of tiny dark spots that may form diffuse blotches. In some specimens the dark markings can form a broken midventral stripe. Rarely the venter is so heavily pigmented that it is almost uniform dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="07B46574FFA1664BFF576CAEFD962110" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F1136FFFFA1664BFF576CAEFD962110" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFF576CAEFEAA22BA" bold="true" box="[199,352,476,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFEF86CAEFD9E22BB" box="[360,596,476,500]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFEF86CAEFD9E22BB" box="[360,596,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Atractus snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as currently defined is a widespread species occurring in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFAC06CAEFA5D22BA" box="[1360,1431,476,501]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the most part of the upper Amazon Basin in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFD5F6C8DFC8A2157" box="[719,832,511,536]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFCDE6C8DFC672157" box="[846,941,511,536]" name="Ecuador" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFC2A6F72FC3A2158" box="[954,1008,512,535]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFC6E6C8DFB9A2157" box="[1022,1104,511,536]" name="Bolivia" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Gran Chaco in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFF076F56FECC2172" box="[151,262,548,573]" name="Argentina" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Giraudo and Scrocchi, 2000; Passos 2008). This species inhabits lowland and lower montane rainforests, from sea level up to
|
||
<quantity id="88569B1AFFA1664BFD906F3AFD922110" box="[512,600,584,608]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="07B46574FFA1664BFF576F1EFB24244B" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F1136FFFFA1664BFF576F1EFB5A20CF" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFF576F1EFEF121CA" bold="true" box="[199,315,620,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFED76F1EFEAC21CB" box="[327,358,620,644]" name="American Samoa" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
stated above,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFD856F1EFD7521CB" box="[533,703,620,644]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFD856F1EFD7521CB" box="[533,703,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A. snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been repeatedly confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFBFC6F1EFB1921CB" box="[1132,1235,620,644]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFBFC6F1EFBB721CC" box="[1132,1149,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFB006F1FFB1921CB" box="[1168,1235,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">major</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFA916F1EFA9421CA" box="[1281,1374,620,645]" name="Ecuador" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(e.g. Savage 1960; Duellman 1978; Pérez-Santos & Moreno 1991). We think that part of this confusion stems from the great amount of intraspecific color pattern variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFC806FC6FC7D2183" box="[784,951,692,716]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFC806FC6FCEB2184" box="[784,801,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFCA16FC6FC7D2183" box="[817,951,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially the fact that two distinct color morphs are found in this species, one of which (pattern III in this study) is similar in general aspects to the color pattern observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFE116F8EFE2F205B" box="[385,485,764,788]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFE116F8EFE58205C" box="[385,402,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFE346F8FFE2F205B" box="[420,485,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">major</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Discrete polymorphism in color pattern as documented here for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFB7C6F8EFA5F205B" box="[1260,1429,764,788]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFB7C6F8EFB37205C" box="[1260,1277,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFA9F6F8EFA5F205B" box="[1295,1429,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although rare in snakes, has been found in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFCC86E52FC7D2078" box="[856,951,800,823]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFCC86E52FC7D2078" box="[856,951,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Atractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fajardo 2000; Passos & Prudente 2012; Schargel, unpublished observations) and will likely become a more common observation as we obtain larger samples of poorly known species and a better understanding of the taxonomy of the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F1136FFFFA1664BFF576EFEFD6827A8" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFED56EFEFE7E20EB" box="[325,436,908,932]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFED56EFEFE9C20EC" box="[325,342,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFEF96EFEFE7E20EB" box="[361,436,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">badius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been used for specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFCE46EFEFBD720EB" box="[884,1053,908,932]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFCE46EFEFC4F20EC" box="[884,901,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFC076EFEFBD720EB" box="[919,1053,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFBFA6EFEFB1620EA" box="[1130,1244,908,933]" name="Argentina" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFB7C6EFEFA8B20EA" box="[1260,1345,908,933]" name="Bolivia" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFAC06EFEFA5220EA" box="[1360,1432,908,933]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFF076EDDFF3E2087" box="[151,244,943,968]" name="Ecuador" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFEBD6EC2FEAB2088" box="[301,353,944,967]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the literature or on a significant number of museum specimens that we have examined. This has been the case in the literature (e.g. Carrillo & Icochea 1995; Doan & Arizábal 2000) even after Hoogmoed (1980) had redescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFE306E8AFDC0275F" box="[416,522,1016,1040]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFE306E8AFE7B2740" box="[416,433,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFE2F6E8AFDC0275F" box="[447,522,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">badius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and resurrected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFD546E8AFCA5275F" box="[708,879,1016,1040]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flammigerus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFD546E8AFD1F2740" box="[708,725,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFD736E8AFCA5275F" box="[739,879,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">flammigerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which at the time included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFB206E8AFA9F275F" box="[1200,1365,1016,1040]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFB206E8AFB0B2740" box="[1200,1217,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFB5F6E8AFA9F275F" box="[1231,1365,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from its synonymy.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFED3696EFEA8277B" box="[323,354,1052,1076]" name="American Samoa" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
a matter of fact, the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFD3F696EFCD4277B" box="[687,798,1052,1076]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFD3F696EFD0A277C" box="[687,704,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFD43696EFCD4277B" box="[723,798,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">badius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has historically been a “dumping ground” for several different species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFE176932FE2C2718" box="[391,486,1088,1111]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFE176932FE2C2718" box="[391,486,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Atractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having crossbands. Our current understanding of the species together with the examination of material and records misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFD7C6916FC9C2733" box="[748,854,1124,1148]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFD7C6916FD372734" box="[748,765,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFC9B6916FC9C2733" box="[779,854,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">badius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to indicate that this species is endemic to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFF0769F5FF2227EF" box="[151,232,1159,1184]" name="Guyana" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Region as delimited by Hoogmoed (1979). Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFCCB69FAFC0D27EF" box="[859,967,1160,1184]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFCCB69FAFCA627D0" box="[859,876,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFCEC69FAFC0D27EF" box="[892,967,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">badius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
likely occurs in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFAB269F5FA5227EF" box="[1314,1432,1159,1184]" name="Venezuela" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, records of this species for this country in the Coastal and the Mérida Mountain Ranges represent misidentifications of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFF2569A2FEE827A7" box="[181,290,1232,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancini">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFF2569A2FF0C27A8" box="[181,198,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFF4469A2FEE827A7" box="[212,290,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">lancini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFEA069A2FE0F27A8" box="[304,453,1232,1255]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="univittatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFEA069A2FE8B27A8" box="[304,321,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFEDF69A2FE0F27A8" box="[335,453,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">univittatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFD9369A2FD5127A7" box="[515,667,1232,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFD9369A2FDDE27A8" box="[515,532,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFDB269A2FD5127A7" box="[546,667,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">meridensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F1136FFFFA1664BFF576986FB24244B" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">
|
||
Comparisons between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFE5E6986FDBD2643" box="[462,631,1268,1292]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFE5E6986FE152644" box="[462,479,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFE616986FDBD2643" box="[497,631,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFD256986FCEC2643" box="[693,806,1268,1292]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schach">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFD256986FD0C2644" box="[693,710,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFD486986FCEC2643" box="[728,806,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">schach</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are currently problematic. The color pattern III of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFA146986FED7267F" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFA146986FA5F2644" box="[1412,1429,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFF07686AFED7267F" box="[151,285,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to the color pattern that has been reported in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFC24686AFBEF267F" box="[948,1061,1304,1328]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schach">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFC24686AFC0F2660" box="[948,965,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFC47686AFBEF267F" box="[983,1061,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">schach</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFBA7686AFB24267F" box="[1079,1262,1304,1328]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schach">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFBA7686AFB24267F" box="[1079,1262,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Atractus schach</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFEDC684EFE72261A" box="[332,440,1340,1365]" name="Suriname" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
and, just like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFDF1684EFCD8261B" box="[609,786,1340,1364]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flammigerus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFDF1684EFDB8261C" box="[609,626,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFD13684EFCD8261B" box="[643,786,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">flammigerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, had long been considered a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFB68684EFAAF261B" box="[1272,1381,1340,1364]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFB68684EFAC3261C" box="[1272,1289,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFA8A684EFAAF261B" box="[1306,1381,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">badius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Hoogmoed 1980). The few works (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFDBB682DFDBC2637" box="[555,630,1375,1400]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Cunha</collectingCountry>
|
||
& Nascimento 1983, 1993; Martins & Oliveira 1993, 1999) that have provided taxonomic accounts for both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFDC568F6FD0E26D3" box="[597,708,1412,1436]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schach">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFDC568F6FDAC26D4" box="[597,614,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFDE668F6FD0E26D3" box="[630,708,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">schach</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFC9068F6FC6D26D3" box="[768,935,1412,1436]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFC9068F6FCDB26D4" box="[768,785,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFCB168F6FC6D26D3" box="[801,935,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have separated these two species solely on color pattern.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFEA668DAFE9F268F" box="[310,341,1448,1472]" name="American Samoa" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
a matter of fact, before Hoogmoed (1980) resurrected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFC5A68DAFBF3268F" box="[970,1081,1448,1472]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schach">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFC5A68DAFC1126F0" box="[970,987,1448,1471]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFC7B68DAFBF3268F" box="[1003,1081,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">schach</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFBD868D5FB5B268F" box="[1096,1169,1447,1472]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Cunha</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Nascimeno (1978) had considered specimens that they examined and which they later referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFBAC68BEFB6726AB" box="[1084,1197,1484,1508]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schach">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFBAC68BEFB8726AC" box="[1084,1101,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFBCF68BEFB6726AB" box="[1119,1197,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">schach</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFB7C68BEFED72547" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="flammigerus" subSpecies="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFB7C68BEFB3726AC" box="[1260,1277,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFA8068BEFED72547" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">flammigerus snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFEBB689DFEBC2547" box="[299,374,1519,1544]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Cunha</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Nascimento 1983) as conspecific and under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFB9E6882FBB32547" box="[1038,1145,1520,1544]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFB9E6882FBD52548" box="[1038,1055,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFBBE6882FBB32547" box="[1070,1145,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">badius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. At this point we have no evidence from our meristic or morphometric data that would support recognizing the two color patterns that we have assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFEFE6B4AFDD0251F" box="[366,538,1592,1616]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFEFE6B4AFEB52500" box="[366,383,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFE046B4AFDD0251F" box="[404,538,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in western Amazonia as two different species. However, without a more comprehensive sampling we cannot establish whether what has been referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFB886B2EFB76253B" box="[1048,1212,1628,1652]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFB886B2EFBE3253C" box="[1048,1065,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFBA66B2EFB76253B" box="[1078,1212,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFB626B2EFA95253B" box="[1266,1375,1628,1652]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schach">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFB626B2EFAC9253C" box="[1266,1283,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFA816B2EFA95253B" box="[1297,1375,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">schach</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFF076B0DFF1125D7" box="[151,219,1663,1688]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
are conspecific or not. If specimens referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFC926BF2FCBB25D7" box="[770,881,1664,1688]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schach">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFC926BF2FCD925D8" box="[770,787,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFCB36BF2FCBB25D7" box="[803,881,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">schach</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFC076B0DFC1125D7" box="[919,987,1663,1688]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
prove to be a different species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFA146BF2FED725F3" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFA146BF2FA5F25D8" box="[1412,1429,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFF076BD6FED725F3" box="[151,285,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it would still be necessary to determine whether those specimens are indeed conspecific with topotypic material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFE886BBAFE4F25AF" box="[280,389,1736,1760]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schach">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFE886BBAFEE32590" box="[280,297,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFEA76BBAFE4F25AF" box="[311,389,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">schach</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37B9766FFFA1664BFE046BBAFE7925AF" box="[404,435,1736,1760]" name="American Samoa" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
such, we are aware that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE4D7CFFA1664BFD576BBAFC7925AF" box="[711,947,1736,1760]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DDAEAEDFFA1664BFD576BBAFC7925AF" box="[711,947,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Atractus snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as herein defined might represent a species complex and a more in depth taxonomic examination of this species is in progress (Passos in prep.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |