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<document id="3CFD805A54D028A6DD2ABACE69329152" ID-CLB-Dataset="91181" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6811090" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c5d261f-9908-4ca4-afb6-df78e3013d15" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6811090" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1600875747584" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="290787FFFFA21874FA109E64E9CE324B" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Natalidae_584.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Natalus stramineus J. E. Gray 1838" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="596" masterDocId="D53EFF87FFA41873FFBA9505EB7B3516" masterDocTitle="Natalidae" masterLastPageNumber="596" masterPageNumber="589" pageNumber="595" updateTime="1698845926077" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="25D8A9AFD96915578AA6BA1BFB3D702B">Natalidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="50EA8564B588AF8341DC60D63881F045">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BC461D5BAF7760CD01789479B1BAD453">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B2624FBA75999A2F609AF692863FB2A1">Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA21875FA109E64EE9A3E9D" box="[1450,1505,2913,2955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA21875FA109E64EE9A3E9D" blockId="6.[1446,2652,2913,2996]" box="[1450,1505,2913,2955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">
<heading id="FA598185FFA21875FA109E64EE9A3E9D" box="[1450,1505,2913,2955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">
<figureCitation id="39952A6CFFA21875FA109E64EE9A3E9D" box="[1450,1505,2913,2955]" captionStart="Plate 45: Natalidae" captionStartId="2.[143,173,3383,3408]" captionTargetBox="[14,2802,14,3656]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Gervaiss Funnel-eared Bat (Nyctiellus lepidus), 2. Caribbean Lesser Funnel-eared Bat (Chalonatalus micropus), 3. Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat (Chilonatalus macer), 4. Bahamian Lesser Funnel-eared Bat (Chilonatalus tumaidifrons), 5. Cuban Greater Funnel-eared Bat (Natalus primus), 6. Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat (Natalus jamaicensis), 7. Hispaniolan Greater Funnel-eared Bat (Natalus major), 8. Woolly Funnel-eared Bat (Natalus lanatus), 9. Mexican Funnel-eared Bat (Natalus mexicanus), 10. Trinidadian Funnel-eared Bat (Natalus tumidirostris), 11. Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bat (Natalus stramineus), 12. Brazilian Funnel-eared Bat (Natalus macrourus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6811132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6811132/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">11.</figureCitation>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA21875FA489E64E3C33E9D" box="[1522,2232,2913,2955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA21875FA489E64E3C33E9D" blockId="6.[1446,2652,2913,2996]" box="[1522,2232,2913,2955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">
<heading id="FA598185FFA21875FA489E64E3C33E9D" box="[1522,2232,2913,2955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">
<vernacularName id="2FAD46C7FFA21875FA489E64E3C33E9D" box="[1522,2232,2913,2955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA21875F7509E64E1273E9D" box="[2282,2652,2913,2955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA21875F7509E64E1273E9D" blockId="6.[1446,2652,2913,2996]" box="[2282,2652,2913,2955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">
<heading id="FA598185FFA21875F7509E64E1273E9D" box="[2282,2652,2913,2955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">
<taxonomicName id="66AE4D6AFFA21875F7509E64E1273E9D" ID-CoL="74633" authority="J. E. Gray, 1838" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[2282,2652,2913,2955]" class="Mammalia" family="Natalidae" genus="Natalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stramineus">
<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA21875F7509E64E1273E9D" box="[2282,2652,2913,2955]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Natalus stramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA21875FA1D9E98E2AA3EA4" box="[1447,2513,2973,2994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA21875FA1D9E98E2AA3EA4" blockId="6.[1446,2652,2913,2996]" box="[1447,2513,2973,2994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">
<heading id="FA598185FFA21875FA1D9E98E2AA3EA4" box="[1447,2513,2973,2994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">
<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA21875FA1D9E98EE893EA4" bold="true" box="[1447,1522,2973,2994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="2FAD46C7FFA21875FA469E98EDE83EA4" box="[1532,1683,2973,2994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Natalide paillée</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA21875F9129E98EC783EA4" bold="true" box="[1704,1795,2973,2994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="2FAD46C7FFA21875F8B79E98E3773EA4" box="[1805,2060,2973,2994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Kleine-Antillen-Trichterohr</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA21875F79A9E98E3003EA4" bold="true" box="[2080,2171,2973,2994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="2FAD46C7FFA21875F73C9E98E2AA3EA4" box="[2182,2513,2973,2994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Natélido de las Pequenas Antillas</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA21875F7B19EE6E32E3931" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA21875F7B19EE6E32E3931" blockId="6.[2058,2653,3043,3468]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">
<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA21875F7B19EE6E3DC3916" bold="true" box="[2059,2215,3043,3072]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="66AE4D6AFFA21875F7009EE6E32B3931" ID-CoL="74633" authority="J. E. Gray, 1838" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Natalidae" genus="Natalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stramineus">Natalus stramineus J. E. Gray, 1838</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA21875F7DB990FE2C3396F" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA21875F7DB990FE2C3396F" blockId="6.[2058,2653,3043,3468]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">
<materialsCitation id="11C63CB4FFA21875F7DB990FE2C3396F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3855913305" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">
type locality unknown. Identified by A. Tejedor in 2006 as northern Lesser Antilles (
<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA21875F7DB995DE3A2396F" box="[2145,2265,3160,3193]" name="Anguilla" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Anguilla</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA21875F6B3995DE2D0396F" box="[2313,2475,3160,3193]" name="Montserrat" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Montserrat</collectingCountry>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA21875F7B1997BE20D3989" box="[2059,2422,3198,3231]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA21875F7B1997BE20D3989" blockId="6.[2058,2653,3043,3468]" box="[2059,2422,3198,3231]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA21875F7B199A0E16C382C" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" type="distribution">
<caption id="F5D16661FFA21875F7B199A0E16C382C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6811124" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6811124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6811124/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" targetBox="[1443,2035,3050,3464]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA21875F7B199A0E16C382C" blockId="6.[2058,2653,3043,3468]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">
<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA21875F7B199A0E3C039D0" bold="true" box="[2059,2235,3237,3270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Distribution.</emphasis>
Lesser Antilles N of
<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA21875F65899A0E12039D0" box="[2530,2651,3237,3270]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
Channel (
<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA21875F72699D0E26E39F8" box="[2204,2325,3285,3310]" name="Anguilla" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Anguilla</collectingCountry>
, Saba,
<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA21875F6C799D0E2B239F8" box="[2429,2505,3285,3310]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Nevis</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA21875F66699D0E12E39F8" box="[2524,2645,3285,3310]" name="Antigua and Barbuda" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Barbuda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA21875F7B099F1E3073803" box="[2058,2172,3316,3349]" name="Antigua and Barbuda" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Antigua</collectingCountry>
, Montserrat, Guadeloupe, Marie-Galante,
<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA21875F731981CE26C382C" box="[2187,2327,3353,3386]" name="Dominica" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Dominica</collectingCountry>
, and Martinique).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA21874F7B19846E988361D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="596" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" type="description">
<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA21874F7B19846E988361D" blockId="6.[2058,2653,3043,3468]" lastBlockId="7.[166,1375,276,1888]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="596" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">
<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA21875F7B19846E26C3872" bold="true" box="[2059,2327,3395,3428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Ear 14:6-17-5 mm, forearm 37-8419 mm (males) and 36:9-41-2 mm (females); weight 4.9-5-2 g (males) and 4-6-5-3 g (females). Dorsal hairs are smoke gray, with wood-brown tips to amber or orange-brown with mediumbrown tips; ventral pelage is unicolored pale smoke gray or pinkish buff to light amber-chestnut or orange-brown. There are dense mustache-like hair tufts along lateral margins of upper lip and on dorsum of muzzle. Medial and lateral ear margins are deeply concave; there are 5-6 ear pleats; pinna is funnel-shaped, with markedly pointed tip. Natalid organ of malesis relatively flat, elliptical to wedge-shaped, and extends onto crown. Ungual tufts are absent. Braincase is moderately inflated, rising gently from rostrum; premaxilla is inflated; maxilla dorsal to molars 1s convex and not inflated; postorbital region of skull in dorsal view has sides widely diverging rostrally; palate is present between pterygoids; caudal margins of maxilla in ventral view form acute angle with longitudinal axis of skull; basisphenoid pits are shallow; mesostylar crest on third molar is absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA31874FF139614EA203697" pageId="7" pageNumber="596" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA31874FF139614EA203697" blockId="7.[166,1375,276,1888]" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">
<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA31874FF139614EA6C3624" bold="true" box="[169,279,785,818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">Habitat.</emphasis>
From dry coastal scrub to rainforest at elevations of 0-473 m. The Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bat roosts in small, humid caves, and it was found once in a brick tunnel.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA31874FF129682E89736D9" pageId="7" pageNumber="596" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA31874FF129682E89736D9" blockId="7.[166,1375,276,1888]" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">
<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA31874FF129682EACB36BE" bold="true" box="[168,432,903,936]" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
There is no specific information available for this species, but the Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bat is certainly insectivorous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA31874FF1296D3E9D43178" pageId="7" pageNumber="596" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA31874FF1296D3E9D43178" blockId="7.[166,1375,276,1888]" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">
<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA31874FF1296D3EA5536E1" bold="true" box="[168,302,982,1015]" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">Breeding.</emphasis>
Reproductive activity of the Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bat might be concentrated earlier in the year than in funnel-eared bats of the Greater Antilles. In
<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA31874FF139120EA4F3150" box="[169,308,1061,1094]" name="Dominica" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">Dominica</collectingCountry>
, pregnant and lactating females have been found in April, and all females found in July were non-reproductive.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA31874FF1D9171E9E33025" pageId="7" pageNumber="596" type="activity">
<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA31874FF1D9171E9E33025" blockId="7.[166,1375,276,1888]" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">
<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA31874FF1D9171EAEF3183" bold="true" box="[167,404,1140,1173]" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bats are nocturnal. They can fly very slowly in clutter and presumably hunt by slow hawking and gleaning. Their echolocation calls are frequency-modulated (FM) and multiharmonic, with fainter fundamental harmonic centered at ¢.60 kHz and stronger second harmonic at 90-100 kHz. Duty cycle was found to be intermediate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA31874FF13903CEFEE30BF" pageId="7" pageNumber="596" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA31874FF13903CEFEE30BF" blockId="7.[166,1375,276,1888]" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">
<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA31874FF13903CE815304C" bold="true" box="[169,878,1337,1370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
In
<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA31874FC1E903CEF54304C" box="[932,1071,1337,1370]" name="Dominica" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">Dominica</collectingCountry>
, the Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bat has been found coexisting with several thousand Davys Nakedbacked Bats (Pteronotus davyi) in a narrow cave opening on a sandy cliff.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA31874FF1390AAE89B33AB" pageId="7" pageNumber="596" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA31874FF1390AAE89B33AB" blockId="7.[166,1375,276,1888]" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">
<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA31874FF1390AAE97C30C6" bold="true" box="[169,519,1455,1488]" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Nevertheless, its small, naturally fragmented distribution and requirement for humid cave-like roosts suggest limited availability of suitable habitat and therefore vulnerable conservation status. The Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bat appears to be common on four islands (
<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA31874FEA59348EAEA3378" box="[287,401,1613,1646]" name="Antigua and Barbuda" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">Antigua</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA31874FE199348E9673378" box="[419,540,1613,1646]" name="Antigua and Barbuda" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">Barbuda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA31874FD949348E9C23378" box="[558,697,1613,1646]" name="Dominica" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">Dominica</collectingCountry>
, and Saba) but known only from a single specimen from Marie-Galante, Martinique, and
<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA31874FCA4937DE8103383" box="[798,875,1656,1685]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">Nevis</collectingCountry>
. The population on Montserrat is affected by volcanic eruptions, and its survival is uncertain.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA31874FF1093C9E9CE324B" pageId="7" pageNumber="596" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA31874FF1093C9E9CE324B" blockId="7.[166,1375,276,1888]" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">
<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA31874FF1093C9EA3833F3" bold="true" box="[170,323,1740,1765]" pageId="7" pageNumber="596">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Baker. Genoways &amp; Patton (1978), Genoways, Pedersen et al. (2007), Genoways, Timm et al. (2001), Handley &amp; Gardner (1990), Jennings et al. (2004), Pedersen (2003), Pedersen, Genoways, Morton, Johnson &amp; Courts (2003), Pedersen, Genoways, Morton, Swier et al. (2006), Pedersen, Larsen et al. (2007), Tejedor (2006, 2011), Timm &amp; Genoways (2003).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>