treatments-xml/data/F6/38/DA/F638DA2169D35C5FB8A3860D7F7E3F27.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1130-103" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6007CB98AFAA58A5BD50EA75BBF78B0C" ID-ZooBank="C8FFC906D96F43ACA5B9FB21B6E27C33" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1130-103" checkinTime="1668813907773" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Portman, Zachary M., Arduser, Mike, Lane, Ian G. &amp; Cariveau, Daniel P." docDate="2022" docId="F638DA2169D35C5FB8A3860D7F7E3F27" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1130: 103-152" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1130" docPubDate="2022-11-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413" docTitle="Agapostemon (Agapostemon) sericeus" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="6007CB98AFAA58A5BD50EA75BBF78B0C" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="6007CB98AFAA58A5BD50EA75BBF78B0C" masterDocTitle="A review of the Augochloropsis (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) and keys to the shiny green Halictinae of the midwestern United States" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1668813907773" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>A review of the Augochloropsis (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) and keys to the shiny green Halictinae of the midwestern United States</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Portman, Zachary M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">zportman@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Arduser, Mike</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Conservation Research Institute, Cedarburg, WI, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Lane, Ian G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-2136</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Cariveau, Daniel P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-11-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1130</mods:number>
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<mods:start>103</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F638DA2169D35C5FB8A3860D7F7E3F27" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F638DA2169D35C5FB8A3860D7F7E3F27" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName LSID="F638DA21-69D3-5C5F-B8A3-860D7F7E3F27" authority="(Forster)" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1771" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon (Agapostemon) sericeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericeus" subGenus="Agapostemon">Agapostemon (Agapostemon) sericeus (Forster)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
The female of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1771" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon sericeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericeus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon sericeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the combination of the metallic green metasoma (as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Agapostemon female metasomas A entirely black (Agapostemon virescens pictured) B dark brown with amber (Agapostemon melliventris pictured), note this is a darker specimen C metallic green (Agapostemon texanus pictured)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771313" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">4C</figureCitation>
) and the reticulate sculpturing of the scutum (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Agapostemon female pronotal collar and scutum A Agapostemon texanus doubly punctate B Agapostemon sericeus rugosopunctate with sharp pronotal angle outlined in red C Agapostemon splendens densely punctate with obtuse pronotal angle outlined in red." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771314" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">5B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Agapostemon thorax characters (anterior of bee to left, &quot; mc &quot; refers to the base of the middle coxa) A Agapostemon sericeus close-up of rugosopunctate scutum B Agapostemon splendens close-up of densely punctate scutum C Agapostemon sericeus with ventral pleural tubercle flush with rest of plate D Agapostemon splendens with ventral pleural tubercle slightly upraised. Yellow arrows indicate the ventral pleural tubercle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771315" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">6A</figureCitation>
). It is most similar to
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon splendens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon splendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon splendens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon splendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the scutum more punctured (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Agapostemon thorax characters (anterior of bee to left, &quot; mc &quot; refers to the base of the middle coxa) A Agapostemon sericeus close-up of rugosopunctate scutum B Agapostemon splendens close-up of densely punctate scutum C Agapostemon sericeus with ventral pleural tubercle flush with rest of plate D Agapostemon splendens with ventral pleural tubercle slightly upraised. Yellow arrows indicate the ventral pleural tubercle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771315" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">6B</figureCitation>
) rather than reticulate, and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1771" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon sericeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericeus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon sericeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be further distinguished by its sharply angled dorsolateral ridge of the pronotum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Agapostemon female pronotal collar and scutum A Agapostemon texanus doubly punctate B Agapostemon sericeus rugosopunctate with sharp pronotal angle outlined in red C Agapostemon splendens densely punctate with obtuse pronotal angle outlined in red." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771314" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">5B</figureCitation>
) and by having the ventral pleural tubercle flush with the plate (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Agapostemon thorax characters (anterior of bee to left, &quot; mc &quot; refers to the base of the middle coxa) A Agapostemon sericeus close-up of rugosopunctate scutum B Agapostemon splendens close-up of densely punctate scutum C Agapostemon sericeus with ventral pleural tubercle flush with rest of plate D Agapostemon splendens with ventral pleural tubercle slightly upraised. Yellow arrows indicate the ventral pleural tubercle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771315" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">6C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
Male
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1771" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon sericeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericeus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon sericeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have S3 and S4 with a low transverse swelling and generally have distinct yellow marks on the apical sterna (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A Agapostemon virescens metasomal sterna with unmodified S 3 and S 4 B Agapostemon texanus metasomal sterna with swelling on S 4 (and S 3 to a lesser extent) C Agapostemon sericeus modified S 3 and S 4 D Agapostemon texanus modified S 3 and S 4." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771316" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">7C</figureCitation>
). They are most similar to males of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon texanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon texanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but can be distinguished by the relative lengths of F1 and F2: in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1771" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon sericeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericeus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon sericeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
F1 is slightly more than half the length of F2, whereas in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon texanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon texanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
F1 is about three-fourths the length of F2 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Male antennae with segments highlighted with bars to help illustrate their relative lengths A Agapostemon sericeus B Agapostemon texanus. Scale bars: 500 µm, both images at same scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771319" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">10</figureCitation>
). They can also be separated by the genitalia (see
<bibRefCitation author="Roberts, RB" journalOrPublisher="The University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="437 - 590" refId="B44" refString="Roberts, RB, 1972. Revision of the bee genus Agapostemon (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 49: 437 - 590" title="Revision of the bee genus Agapostemon (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)." volume="49" year="1972">Roberts 1972</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1771" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon sericeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericeus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon sericeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was previously known as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1771" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon radiatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon radiatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Say) (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation author="Mitchell, TB" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B31" refString="Mitchell, TB, 1960. Bees of the Eastern United States. Volume 1. North Carolina Experiment Station Technical Bulletin, 538 pp." title="Bees of the Eastern United States. Volume 1. North Carolina Experiment Station Technical Bulletin, 538 pp." year="1960">Mitchell 1960</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Roberts, RB" journalOrPublisher="The University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="437 - 590" refId="B44" refString="Roberts, RB, 1972. Revision of the bee genus Agapostemon (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 49: 437 - 590" title="Revision of the bee genus Agapostemon (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)." volume="49" year="1972">Roberts 1972</bibRefCitation>
) but was synonymized by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1977.tb00257.x" author="Day, MC" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="31 - 43" refId="B13" refString="Day, MC, Fitton, MG, 1977. Discovery in the Linnaean collection of type-material of insects described by Johann Reinhold Forster, with notes on the Hymenoptera. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 9 (1): 31 - 43, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1977.tb00257.x" title="Discovery in the Linnaean collection of type-material of insects described by Johann Reinhold Forster, with notes on the Hymenoptera." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1977.tb00257.x" volume="9" year="1977">Day and Fitton (1977)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
Females of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon femoratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoratus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon femoratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Crawford, primarily a western species not recorded east of New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming by
<bibRefCitation author="Roberts, RB" journalOrPublisher="The University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="437 - 590" refId="B44" refString="Roberts, RB, 1972. Revision of the bee genus Agapostemon (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 49: 437 - 590" title="Revision of the bee genus Agapostemon (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)." volume="49" year="1972">Roberts (1972)</bibRefCitation>
, are essentially identical to females of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1771" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon sericeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericeus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon sericeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though the males are quite distinct, possessing a grossly enlarged hind femur, its width and length equal or nearly so. The key in
<bibRefCitation author="Roberts, RB" journalOrPublisher="The University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="437 - 590" refId="B44" refString="Roberts, RB, 1972. Revision of the bee genus Agapostemon (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 49: 437 - 590" title="Revision of the bee genus Agapostemon (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)." volume="49" year="1972">Roberts (1972)</bibRefCitation>
indicates the scutum of female
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1771" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon sericeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericeus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon sericeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more distinctly punctate than
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon femoratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoratus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon femoratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but we do not consider this a reliable separating character. Curiously, there are several Missouri records of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon femoratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoratus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon femoratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the 1960s identified by Roberts in separate online databases, (discoverlife.org,
<bibRefCitation author="Ascher, JS" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" publicationUrl="http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species" refId="B2" refString="Ascher, JS, Pickering, J, 2022. Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). [Draft 56, 21 Aug 2022] http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species" title="Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). [Draft 56, 21 Aug 2022]" url="http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species" year="2022">Ascher and Pickering 2022</bibRefCitation>
), but these were not included in his 1972 revision. We have not seen these specimens, but assume they represent mis-determined females of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1771" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon sericeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericeus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon sericeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, not
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon femoratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoratus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon femoratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>