1321 lines
151 KiB
XML
1321 lines
151 KiB
XML
<document id="294630D2425363FE46F94858631A31FD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.190424" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a3252291-dd9a-4176-8fb4-cf84878d2962" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="190424" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461112920150" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Trape, Jean-François, Chirio, Laurent, Broadley, Donald G. & Wüster, Wolfgang" docDate="2009" docId="DB66570BF261FFC2FF0F3F87FE682775" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02236p025.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2236" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Naja senegalensis Trape, Chirio, Broadley & Wüster, 2009, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="922F9D87-5034-4938-9368-AAE8533F69A6" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="275F2F73F26AFFD6FF983F10FFD92469" masterDocTitle="Phylogeography and systematic revision of the Egyptian cobra (Serpentes: Elapidae: Naja haje) species complex, with the description of a new species from West Africa" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698594535110" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="113C0474C0D638295614CAF5A056EE59" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FB5F6634272BA9EC923CC45304A82557">
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<mods:title id="4C3C23643DAE57039412E7DFEE30E26D">Phylogeography and systematic revision of the Egyptian cobra (Serpentes: Elapidae: Naja haje) species complex, with the description of a new species from West Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:name id="865DF25DF449030793DBBDCC7F33E61E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="60594AD924D214B39820AE23BCAEE7D6">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CBCB6F56F43B661E2F741DA0974A3713">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="59910C9C6DE536C93E77F19A77B44801">Trape, Jean-François</mods:namePart>
|
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</mods:name>
|
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<mods:name id="CB0796D229F53AB3C261768930BF67D1" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="2B1B55B76C9035F7678DD2D36AEA4D5E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7D6FE3F0313C50937AE8E5FDB61F7AF5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="ECEABF8402E052510C39B26C6FC66E50">Chirio, Laurent</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="66726BE4562643060E96363D94876C12" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="B79E902C59287F97E38EE60A665E4C5F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9CA66E7CD0B3307404D2D27A88C20E5C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart id="A3EB0B81A88A327E6F66DFFCD61920A9">Broadley, Donald G.</mods:namePart>
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||
</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name id="70C25F995175EF8F0AA45E26BABE3D27" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="B275F53EE505580284A0BA7553326E9F">
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||
<mods:roleTerm id="17976A7A4C502B0C04AE006FE4605719">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="A12165AF5420FFB9A4195779860615FB">Wüster, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
|
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FBF9AFF3AE480CD4D45BB4CD00983D31">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="9D9CC090EB6B61BC054331C63FD94E81">
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||
<mods:title id="AEB367431FEB2C1F13C7E018D3DFCC23">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="21E5138A91C65EC8D7BE36CB3EE319BC">
|
||
<mods:date id="9BC11F129F48B822B00A4AD1C3F2F381">2009</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="FBAF7BB2CE7970E75DAF523ABCD5BD7C" type="volume">
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||
<mods:number id="FE0A24F08BFA1EBC257F5698DF507441">2236</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="1A31774FFD3B86F5CDD9E360AF0B65B9">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F5D297403F8B4FEAF770C598C5DFE99D">25</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="0478DF42A3DE5FB5FB41C1C31AB9700A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4A7A8CA1180AE3562CB9E10E5CB7A414" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.190424</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="803DA1E04502EB36523C3F63089734FC" type="GBIF-Dataset">a3252291-dd9a-4176-8fb4-cf84878d2962</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1D7A8627C7C51208E16DFF02C17D332E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F4E68C07895FC57B9C3DCFF18781E017" type="Zenodo-Dep">190424</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7AE87605C9B632F66A23E5A8A156A43B" type="ZooBank">95D8F2E0-0C85-44A3-952D-15E5E89A0795</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="DB66570BF261FFC2FF0F3F87FE682775" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631882" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119624338" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631882" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:922F9D87-5034-4938-9368-AAE8533F69A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB66570BF261FFC2FF0F3F87FE682775" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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||
<subSubSection id="1BD5B596F261FFDDFF0F3F87FECC24BD" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF261FFDDFF0F3F87FCF824D8" blockId="11.[151,801,151,212]" box="[151,801,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<heading id="08385171F261FFDDFF0F3F87FCF824D8" bold="true" box="[151,801,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF261FFDDFF0F3F87FCF824D8" bold="true" box="[151,801,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF261FFDDFF0F3F87FEA824D8" box="[151,369,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF261FFDDFF0F3F87FEA824D8" bold="true" box="[151,369,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Naja senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7A888774F261FFDDFEEF3F87FE0C24D8" box="[375,469,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Trape, Chirio and Wüster
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF261FFDDFF0F3FAAFECC24BD" blockId="11.[151,801,151,212]" box="[151,277,186,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBF4FA98F261FFDDFF0F3FAAFECC24BD" box="[151,277,186,212]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStart-3="FIGURE 7" captionStart-4="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="14.[151,255,2010,2034]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,255,462,486]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,255,1224,1248]" captionStartId-3="15.[151,257,1711,1735]" captionStartId-4="16.[151,255,1088,1112]" captionTargetBox-0="[188,1398,310,1984]" captionTargetBox-1="[491,1096,194,438]" captionTargetBox-2="[201,1383,552,1190]" captionTargetBox-3="[220,1366,1301,1687]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1435,194,1064]" captionTargetId-0="figure@14.[188,1398,310,1986]" captionTargetId-1="figure@15.[491,1096,194,438]" captionTargetId-2="figure@15.[188,1398,540,1200]" captionTargetId-3="figure@15.[220,1367,1301,1687]" captionTargetId-4="figure@16.[151,1436,194,1064]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionTargetPageId-3="15" captionTargetPageId-4="16" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Naja senegalensis (MNHN 2008.0074) in dorsal and ventral view" captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Side view of head of holotype of Naja senegalensis (MNHN 2008.0074)." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Sketch of head scalation of holotype of Naja senegalensis." captionText-3="FIGURE 7. Juvenile specimen of Naja senegalensis from Medina Djikoye, Sine Saloum, Senegal. Note the clearly defined white blotch on the neck." captionText-4="FIGURE 8. Adult specimen of Naja senegalensis from near Bamako, Mali, photographed at the house of a local snake catcher. Note the very obvious hood marking, reminiscent of some Asiatic Naja." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/190428/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/190429/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/190430/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/190431/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/190432/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 4–8</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1BD5B596F261FFDAFF0F3E17FBE523E9" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF261FFDDFF0F3E17FF0D2506" blockId="11.[151,1436,263,367]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF261FFDDFF0F3E17FECB2548" bold="true" box="[151,274,263,289]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C7458BFF261FFDDFF0F3E17FED72548" box="[151,270,263,289]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F261FFDDFE823E18FEAD254B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[282,372,264,290]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
2008.0074 (previously IRD S-8549), collected in
|
||
<date id="2771C0DDF261FFDDFC5D3E18FB5C254B" box="[965,1157,264,290]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2008-09">September 2008</date>
|
||
near Dielmo (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF261FFDDFAB73E18FA4E254B" box="[1327,1431,264,290]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="13.716666">13°43’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF261FFDDFF0F3E3EFEDA2521" box="[151,259,302,328]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="-16.416666">16°25’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) by Mr. Babacar N’Dao, veterinary agent at Keur Lahim Fatim, who sent it to the first author (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBF4FA98F261FFDDFAF43E3EFF1E2506" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="14.[151,255,2010,2034]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,255,462,486]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,255,1224,1248]" captionTargetBox-0="[188,1398,310,1984]" captionTargetBox-1="[491,1096,194,438]" captionTargetBox-2="[201,1383,552,1190]" captionTargetId-0="figure@14.[188,1398,310,1986]" captionTargetId-1="figure@15.[491,1096,194,438]" captionTargetId-2="figure@15.[188,1398,540,1200]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Naja senegalensis (MNHN 2008.0074) in dorsal and ventral view" captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Side view of head of holotype of Naja senegalensis (MNHN 2008.0074)." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Sketch of head scalation of holotype of Naja senegalensis." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/190428/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/190429/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/190430/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4–6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="07B0B695F261FFDDFF0F3890FCC923B5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190427/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[284,1333,406,1894]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF261FFDDFF0F3890FCC923B5" blockId="11.[151,1436,1920,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF261FFDDFF0F3890FEC023F1" bold="true" box="[151,281,1920,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Bayesian inference tree of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF261FFDDFDFF3890FD0923FE" box="[615,720,1920,1943]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF261FFDDFDFF3890FD0923FE" box="[615,720,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Naja haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. Support values indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities, MP bootstrap support and Bremer (1994) support. Negative support values indicate that the node is contradicted in the MP analysis, and the support for the alternative hypothesis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF266FFDAFF5D3F87FF21269F" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF266FFDAFF5D3F87FE8E24D8" bold="true" box="[197,343,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C7458BFF266FFDAFF5D3F87FE8B24D8" box="[197,338,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F266FFDAFEF83F88FDC824DB" box="[352,529,152,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">31 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, all from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF266FFDAFD173F88FD2024DB" box="[655,761,152,178]" name="Senegal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sénégal</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFC9E3F88FCBD24DB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[774,868,152,178]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
2008.0075 (previously IRD S-409),
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFAA73F88FA4424DB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1343,1437,152,178]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
2008.0076 (previously IRD S-1027)
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFDF43FAEFD1324B1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[620,714,190,216]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
2008.0077 (previously IRD S-1028),
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFB283FAEFAD724B1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1200,1294,190,216]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
2008.0078 (previously IRD S-1578),
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFE7B3FF5FD992496" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[483,576,229,255]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
2008.0079 (previously IRD S-1589): Keur Lahine Fatim (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFAB03FF5FA412496" box="[1320,1432,229,255]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.733334">13°44’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFF0F3E1CFF26254F" box="[151,255,268,294]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="16.383333">16°23’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Sine Saloum;
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFE263E1CFDC1254F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[446,536,268,294]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
2008.0080 (previously IRD S-443),
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFC483E1CFBF3254F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[976,1066,268,294]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
2008.0081 (previously IRD S- 2302),
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFF743E22FE9E2525" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[236,327,306,332]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
2008.0082 (previously IRD S-2306): Keur Bakar Mané (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFC643E22FBBF2525" box="[1020,1126,306,332]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.616667">13°37’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFBEC3E22FB3D2525" box="[1140,1252,306,332]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-16.283333">16°17’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Sine Saloum;
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFF0F3E49FF28251A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[151,241,345,371]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
2008.0083 (previously IRD S-762),
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFD303E49FCDB251A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[680,770,345,371]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
2008.0084 (previously IRD S-5283): Keur Seny Gueye (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFF393E90FECD25F3" box="[161,276,384,410]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.6">13°36’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFEBA3E90FE4525F3" box="[290,412,384,410]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-16.316668">16°19’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Sine Saloum;
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFDF33E90FD1325F3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[619,714,384,410]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
2008.0085 (previously IRD S-855),
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFB343E90FAD225F3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1196,1291,384,410]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
2008.0086 (previously IRD S-858),
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFE253EB6FDCE25A9" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[445,535,422,448]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
2008.0087 (previously IRD S-1640): Keur Gadji (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFBF63EB6FB0F25A9" box="[1134,1238,422,448]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.633333">13°38’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB7B3EB6FA8B25A9" box="[1251,1362,422,448]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-16.316668">16°19’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Sine Saloum;
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFE9C3EDDFEB9258E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[260,352,461,487]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
2008.0088 (previously IRD S-1283): Keur Santhiou (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFC6E3EDDFBBB258E" box="[1014,1122,461,487]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.65">13°39’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFBE83EDDFB3B258E" box="[1136,1250,461,487]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-16.35">16°21’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Sine Saloum;
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFF0F3EE4FF372667" box="[151,238,500,526]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IRSNB</collectionCode>
|
||
2654 (previously IRD S-605),
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFDF93EE4FD612667" box="[609,696,500,526]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IRSNB</collectionCode>
|
||
2655 (previously IRD S-1429),
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFBA23EE4FB482667" box="[1082,1169,500,526]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IRSNB</collectionCode>
|
||
2656 (previously IRD S-1435), IRD S-1439, IRD S-1440, IRD S-1442, IRD S-1461, IRD S-3429, IRD S-3430, IRD S-5692: Dielmo (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFF673D51FEBE2632" box="[255,359,577,603]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.716666">13°43’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFEEC3D51FE052632" box="[372,476,577,603]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="16.416666">16°25’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Sine Saloum; IRD S-2113: Landieni (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFC323D51FBCB2632" box="[938,1042,577,603]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="12.55">12°33’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB873D51FB572632" box="[1055,1166,577,603]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-12.366667">12°22’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF266FFDAFB653D51FA872632" box="[1277,1374,577,603]" name="Senegal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
; IRD S-5344: Saroudia (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFEEE3D78FE0626EB" box="[374,479,616,642]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="12.533334">12°32’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFE743D78FD8326EB" box="[492,602,616,642]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-11.583333">11°35’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF266FFDAFD543D78FCF426EB" box="[716,813,616,642]" name="Senegal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
; IRD S-5427: Sambarabougou (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB323D78FACB26EB" box="[1194,1298,616,642]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.1">13°06’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFAB83D78FA5426EB" box="[1312,1421,616,642]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-11.85">11°51’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF266FFDAFF683D9EFE8926C1" box="[240,336,654,680]" name="Senegal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
; IRD S-5849, IRD S-5854: Guénoto (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFC913D9EFCA826C1" box="[777,881,654,680]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.55">13°33’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFCE53D9EFC3226C1" box="[893,1003,654,680]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-13.833333">13°50’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF266FFDAFBC13D9EFB6326C1" box="[1113,1210,654,680]" name="Senegal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
; IRD S-6204: Keur Lamine Diamé (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFEF83DA5FE1526A6" box="[352,460,693,719]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.616667">13°37’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFE423DA5FD9426A6" box="[474,589,693,719]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-16.266666">16°16’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Sine Saloum; IRD S-6461: Touba Baria (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFBF93DA5FB1726A6" box="[1121,1230,693,719]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.633333">13°38’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB433DA5FA9626A6" box="[1243,1359,693,719]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-16.233334">16°14’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Sine Saloum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF266FFDAFF5D3C12FBE523E9" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF266FFDAFF5D3C12FDF92775" bold="true" box="[197,544,770,796]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Other specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F266FFDAFDB13C12FD142775" box="[553,717,770,796]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">86 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF266FFDAFD413C12FCE32775" box="[729,826,770,796]" name="Senegal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF266FFDAFD413C12FCE32775" bold="true" box="[729,826,770,796]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Senegal</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F266FFDAFCD13C12FC2B2775" box="[841,1010,770,796]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">46 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
): IRD S-343, IRD S-3431:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF266FFDAFAAE3C12FA4E2775" box="[1334,1431,770,796]" name="Senegal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
; IRD S-462: Keur Ayip Kâ (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFE693C39FD85272A" box="[497,604,809,835]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.65">13°39’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFDF23C39FD04272A" box="[618,733,809,835]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-16.316668">16°19’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Sine Saloum; IRD S-604, IRD S-606, IRD S-664: Keur Bakar Mané (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFEA13C40FE7B2703" box="[313,418,848,874]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.616667">13°37’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFE373C40FDC72703" box="[431,542,848,874]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-16.283333">16°17’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Sine Saloum; IRD S-856, IRD S-1634: Keur Gadji (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB313C40FAC82703" box="[1193,1297,848,874]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.633333">13°38’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFA873C40FA572703" box="[1311,1422,848,874]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-16.316668">16°19’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Sine Saloum; IRD S-1279, S-1280, S-1281, S-1292, S-1293: Keur Santhiou (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFBC53C66FB1227F9" box="[1117,1227,886,912]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.65">13°39’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB413C66FA9427F9" box="[1241,1357,886,912]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-16.35">16°21’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Sine Saloum; S-1411, S-1472, S-1482: Dielmo (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFD353C8DFCC327DE" box="[685,794,925,951]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.716666">13°43’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFCB03C8DFC4227DE" box="[808,923,925,951]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-16.416666">16°25’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Sine Saloum; IRD S-1588: Keur Lahim Fatim (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFF743CD4FE8D27B7" box="[236,340,964,990]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.733334">13°44’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFEF93CD4FE1027B7" box="[353,457,964,990]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="16.383333">16°23’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Sine Saloum; IRD S-3849: Badiara (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFC163CD4FC2F27B7" box="[910,1014,964,990]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.216666">13°13’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB9A3CD4FBA927B7" box="[1026,1136,964,990]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-14.2">14°12’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Haute Casamance; IRD S-3952: Goundaga (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFE1E3CFAFE37206D" box="[390,494,1002,1028]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="12.85">12°51’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFE633CFAFDB2206D" box="[507,619,1002,1028]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-14.083333">14°05’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Haute Casamance; IRD S-4806: Tialé (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFBC93CFAFB63206D" box="[1105,1210,1002,1028]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="15.233334">15°14’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB5F3CFAFAEF206D" box="[1223,1334,1002,1028]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-16.816668">16°49’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Cayor; IRD S-5085: Oubadji (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFE353B01FDC12042" box="[429,536,1041,1067]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="12.666667">12°40’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFDBE3B01FD4E2042" box="[550,663,1041,1067]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-13.05">13°03’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF266FFDAFD373B01FCD72042" box="[687,782,1041,1067]" name="Senegal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sénégal</collectingCountry>
|
||
oriental; IRD S-5307: Saroudia (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB3C3B01FAC92042" box="[1188,1296,1041,1067]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="12.533334">12°32’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFA853B01FA542042" box="[1309,1421,1041,1067]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-11.583333">11°35’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF266FFDAFF0F3B28FF2D203B" box="[151,244,1080,1106]" name="Senegal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sénégal</collectingCountry>
|
||
oriental; IRD S-5795, IRD S-6090: Keur Momat Souna (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFC3C3B28FBD4203B" box="[932,1037,1080,1106]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.633333">13°38’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB823B28FB50203B" box="[1050,1161,1080,1106]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-16.283333">16°17’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Sine Saloum; IRD S- 5851, IRD S-5853: Guénoto (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFE603B4EFDB82011" box="[504,609,1118,1144]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.55">13°33’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFDF63B4EFD042011" box="[622,733,1118,1144]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-13.833333">13°50’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF266FFDAFCD73B4EFC692011" box="[847,944,1118,1144]" name="Senegal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
; IRD S-5862: Médina Djikoye (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFAB63B4EFA4F2011" box="[1326,1430,1118,1144]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.616667">13°37’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFF0F3B95FED720F6" box="[151,270,1157,1183]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-16.3">16°18’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Sine Saloum; IRD S-6239: Touba Baria (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFCAF3B95FC7120F6" box="[823,936,1157,1183]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.633333">13°38’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFC2E3B95FBF420F6" box="[950,1069,1157,1183]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-16.233334">16°14’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Sine Saloum; IRD S-6656: Takoudialla (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFEA23BBCFE7E20AF" box="[314,423,1196,1222]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="12.833333">12°50’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFE2D3BBCFDFB20AF" box="[437,546,1196,1222]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="14.066667">14°04’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Haute Casamance; IRD S-6680: Ségoto (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFBAF3BBCFB7A20AF" box="[1079,1187,1196,1222]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.3">13°18’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB293BBCFAFD20AF" box="[1201,1316,1196,1222]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-11.816667">11°49’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF266FFDAFAA33BBCFA4520AF" box="[1339,1436,1196,1222]" name="Senegal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sénégal</collectingCountry>
|
||
oriental; IRD S-7200: Touba Ndiaye (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFDF63BC3FD022084" box="[622,731,1235,1261]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="15.15">15°09’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFD713BC3FC842084" box="[745,861,1235,1261]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-16.866667">16°52’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Cayor;
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFC493BC3FBCF2084" box="[977,1046,1235,1261]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k5np-m07c" name="Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IFAN</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="2771C0DDF266FFDAFB863BC3FB5D2084" box="[1054,1156,1235,1261]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1955-04-13">55-4-13</date>
|
||
: Cambérène (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFAB63BC3FA412084" box="[1326,1432,1235,1261]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="14.75">14°45'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFF0F3BE9FEDB217A" box="[151,258,1273,1299]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-17.416666">17°25'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFE8F3BE9FE80217A" box="[279,345,1273,1299]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k5np-m07c" name="Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IFAN</collectionCode>
|
||
52-11-90,
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFE413BE9FDC2217A" box="[473,539,1273,1299]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k5np-m07c" name="Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IFAN</collectionCode>
|
||
53-11-143: Dakar (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFC993BE9FCBC217A" box="[769,869,1273,1299]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="14.7">14°42'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFCE93BE9FC04217A" box="[881,989,1273,1299]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-17.45">17°27'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFC693BE9FBEA217A" box="[1009,1075,1273,1299]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k5np-m07c" name="Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IFAN</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="2771C0DDF266FFDAFBA33BE9FB43217A" box="[1083,1178,1273,1299]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1947-10-01">47-1-10</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFB3E3BE9FB31217A" box="[1190,1256,1273,1299]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k5np-m07c" name="Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IFAN</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="2771C0DDF266FFDAFB773BE9FA97217A" box="[1263,1358,1273,1299]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1947-01-15">47-1-15</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFAC23BE9FA45217A" box="[1370,1436,1273,1299]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k5np-m07c" name="Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IFAN</collectionCode>
|
||
50-9-149,
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFE883A30FE8B2153" box="[272,338,1312,1338]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k5np-m07c" name="Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IFAN</collectionCode>
|
||
51-12-53,
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFE4B3A30FDCC2153" box="[467,533,1312,1338]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k5np-m07c" name="Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IFAN</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="2771C0DDF266FFDAFD843A30FDA32153" box="[540,634,1312,1338]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1952-03-23">52-3-23</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFD1E3A30FD112153" box="[646,712,1312,1338]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k5np-m07c" name="Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IFAN</collectionCode>
|
||
52-7-47,
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFCA23A30FCA52153" box="[826,892,1312,1338]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k5np-m07c" name="Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IFAN</collectionCode>
|
||
56-5-50: Hann (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFBA63A30FB782153" box="[1086,1185,1312,1338]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="14.716666">14°43'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB353A30FACE2153" box="[1197,1303,1312,1338]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-17.433332">17°26'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFAB43A30FAB72153" box="[1324,1390,1312,1338]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k5np-m07c" name="Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IFAN</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="2771C0DDF266FFDAFAED3A30FF1B2109" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1982-02-01">82- 1-2</date>
|
||
: Keur Massar (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFEE33A56FE3B2109" box="[379,482,1350,1376]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="14.783334">14°47'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFE773A56FD852109" box="[495,604,1350,1376]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-17.3">17°18'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFDEB3A56FD6F2109" box="[627,694,1350,1376]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k5np-m07c" name="Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IFAN</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="2771C0DDF266FFDAFD263A56FCCB2109" box="[702,786,1350,1376]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1952-08-01">52-1-8</date>
|
||
: Malika (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFC1D3A56FC322109" box="[901,1003,1350,1376]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="14.783334">14°47'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFC613A56FBBF2109" box="[1017,1126,1350,1376]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-17.333334">17°20'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFBE43A56FB662109" box="[1148,1215,1350,1376]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k5np-m07c" name="Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IFAN</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="2771C0DDF266FFDAFB503A56FAF22109" box="[1224,1323,1350,1376]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1953-03-20">53-3-20</date>
|
||
: Ouakam (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFF383A7DFEDA21EE" box="[160,259,1389,1415]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="14.716666">14°43'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFE883A7DFEA221EE" box="[272,379,1389,1415]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-17.483334">17°29'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFE083A7DFE0B21EE" box="[400,466,1389,1415]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k5np-m07c" name="Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IFAN</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="2771C0DDF266FFDAFE413A7DFDF221EE" box="[473,555,1389,1415]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1944-03-01">44-1-3</date>
|
||
: Popenguine (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFD493A7DFCEC21EE" box="[721,821,1389,1415]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="14.55">14°33'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFCD93A7DFC7421EE" box="[833,941,1389,1415]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-17.116667">17°07'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF266FFDAFC583A7DFC2321EE" box="[960,1018,1389,1415]" name="Serbia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF266FFDAFC583A7DFC2321EE" bold="true" box="[960,1018,1389,1415]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mali</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F266FFDAFB923A7DFB6921EE" box="[1034,1200,1389,1415]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">32 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
): IRD 2353-M, IRD 2354-M: Ballabougou (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFE373A84FDC021C7" box="[431,537,1428,1454]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="12.866667">12°52’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFDBE3A84FD4E21C7" box="[550,663,1428,1454]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-6.866667">06°52’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); IRD 238-M: Bangaya (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFC5A3A84FBF221C7" box="[962,1067,1428,1454]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.233334">13°14’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFBA13A84FB7021C7" box="[1081,1193,1428,1454]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-10.716666">10°43’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); IRD 1179-M, IRD 1181-M: Djinagué (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFE133AABFE2E21BC" box="[395,503,1467,1493]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="12.983334">12°59’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFD9D3AABFDA021BC" box="[517,633,1467,1493]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-9.866667">09°52’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); IRD 103-M: Doussoudiana (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFC683AABFB8521BC" box="[1008,1116,1467,1493]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="11.15">11°09’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFBF23AABFB0621BC" box="[1130,1247,1467,1493]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-7.8">07°48’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); IRD 2368-M: Koundian (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFE833AF1FE5A2192" box="[283,387,1505,1531]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.166667">13°10’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFE163AF1FE272192" box="[398,510,1505,1531]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-10.666667">10°40’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); IRD 805-M: Laminina (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFCB43AF1FC4B2192" box="[812,914,1505,1531]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="11.2">11°12’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFC063AF1FBD72192" box="[926,1038,1505,1531]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-7.7833333">07°47’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); IRD 1977-M, 2003-M, 2017-M: Mamoroubougou (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFEEE3918FE04224B" box="[374,477,1544,1570]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="11.216666">11°13’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFE743918FD84224B" box="[492,605,1544,1570]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-5.4666667">05°28’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); IRD 1796-M, IRD 3419-M: Npiébougou (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFBF43918FB0C224B" box="[1132,1237,1544,1570]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="11.983334">11°59’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB7A3918FA8D224B" box="[1250,1364,1544,1570]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-8.0">08°00’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); IRD 2352-M: Sadjouroubougou (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFE7C393EFD952221" box="[484,588,1582,1608]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="12.583333">12°35’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFDC0393EFD112221" box="[600,712,1582,1608]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-7.7333336">07°44’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); IRD 1591-M: Sare-Soma (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB8B393EFBA52221" box="[1043,1148,1582,1608]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="14.75">14°45’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB1F393EFB2E2221" box="[1159,1271,1582,1608]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-3.9166667">03°55’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); IRD 878-M, 957-M: Sebekourani (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFE013945FDD82206" box="[409,513,1621,1647]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="12.2">12°12’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFD953945FDA42206" box="[525,637,1621,1647]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-8.7">08°42’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); IRD 184-M, IRD 2102-M, IRD 2109-M, IRD 2118-M, IRD 2145- M, IRD 2186-M, IRD 3606-M, IRD 3617-M, IRD 3618-M, IRD 3683-M: Titiéna (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFBF7396CFB0F22FF" box="[1135,1238,1660,1686]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="11.45">11°27’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB7C396CFA8D22FF" box="[1252,1364,1660,1686]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-6.55">06°33’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); IRD 156-M, IRD 581-M, IRD 2349-M, IRD 2350-M, IRD 2351-M (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFC0339B3FBDF22D4" box="[923,1030,1699,1725]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.15">13°09’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB8B39B3FB5F22D4" box="[1043,1158,1699,1725]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-7.95">07°57’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF266FFDAFB0439B2FB3A22D5" box="[1180,1251,1698,1724]" name="Niger" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF266FFDAFB0439B2FB3A22D5" bold="true" box="[1180,1251,1698,1724]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Niger</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F266FFDAFB6C39B3FA4922D4" box="[1268,1424,1699,1725]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
): IRD 201-N: Karosofua (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFE5239D9FDE0228A" box="[458,569,1737,1763]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.616667">13°37’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFDDF39D9FD6A228A" box="[583,691,1737,1763]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="6.616667">06°37’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); IRD 1504-N: Téla (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFC5C39D9FBEA228A" box="[964,1075,1737,1763]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="12.133333">12°08’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFBD939D9FB74228A" box="[1089,1197,1737,1763]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="3.4666667">03°28’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF266FFDAFB5C39D9FAA3228A" box="[1220,1402,1737,1763]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF266FFDAFB5C39D9FAA3228A" bold="true" box="[1220,1402,1737,1763]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Burkina Faso</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F266FFDAFA1439D9FED42363" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">2 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
): LC 6531: Kondio (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFD9B39E0FDB32363" box="[515,618,1776,1802]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="11.616667">11°37’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFDEF39E0FD042363" box="[631,733,1776,1802]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="2.0166667">02°01’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFD6C39E0FCEF2363" box="[756,822,1776,1802]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k5np-m07c" name="Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IFAN</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="2771C0DDF266FFDAFCA639E0FC492363" box="[830,912,1776,1802]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1948-09-02">48-2-9</date>
|
||
: Dano près Diébougou (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB2A39E0FACF2363" box="[1202,1302,1776,1802]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="11.15">11°09'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFABA39E0FA562363" box="[1314,1423,1776,1802]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-3.0666666">03°04'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFF0F3807FF342358" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,237,1815,1841]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
237088
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F266FFDAFECF3807FE542358" box="[343,397,1815,1841]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="8.0">8km</quantity>
|
||
S of Dana (NW 1202C1).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF266FFDAFD4B3807FCC72358" box="[723,798,1815,1841]" name="Benin" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF266FFDAFD4B3807FCC72358" bold="true" box="[723,798,1815,1841]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bénin</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F266FFDAFCA93807FC662358" box="[817,959,1815,1841]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">1 spécimen</specimenCount>
|
||
): LC 7109: Niénié (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB373807FAC02358" box="[1199,1305,1815,1841]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="11.366667">11°22’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFABE3807FA562358" box="[1318,1423,1815,1841]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="2.2">02°12’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF266FFDAFF0F382FFF2C2330" box="[151,245,1855,1881]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF266FFDAFF0F382FFF2C2330" bold="true" box="[151,245,1855,1881]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Guinée</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F266FFDAFE91382FFE432330" box="[265,410,1855,1881]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectionCode id="35DE7ED8F266FFDAFE37382FFE2D2330" box="[431,500,1855,1881]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k5np-m07c" name="Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IFAN</collectionCode>
|
||
52-6-34: Niandan-Banie (approximatively
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB97382FFBAE2330" box="[1039,1143,1855,1881]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="10.333333">10°20'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFB1D382FFB2E2330" box="[1157,1271,1855,1881]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-9.833333">09°50'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF266FFDAFA81382FFAA22330" box="[1305,1403,1855,1881]" name="Nigeria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF266FFDAFA81382FFAA22330" bold="true" box="[1305,1403,1855,1881]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nigeria</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F266FFDAFA17382FFEDE23E9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
): CM 92607 Shagunu, west bank of Kainji Lake (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFCC13876FC6623E9" box="[857,959,1894,1920]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="10.333333">10º20’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36FB80DAF266FFDAFC533876FBF723E9" box="[971,1070,1894,1920]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="4.4666667">04º28’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1BD5B596F266FFDBFF5D389DFC182775" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF266FFDBFF5D389DFED02667" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2036]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF266FFDAFF5D389DFE9E23CE" bold="true" box="[197,327,1933,1959]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF266FFDAFEC8389DFDF323CF" box="[336,554,1933,1958]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF266FFDAFEC8389DFDF323CF" box="[336,554,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Naja senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles all other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF266FFDAFC7B389DFBE323CF" box="[995,1082,1933,1958]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF266FFDAFC7B389DFBE323CF" box="[995,1082,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex and differs from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF266FFDAFF7938A4FEC723A4" box="[225,286,1972,1997]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF266FFDAFF7938A4FEC723A4" box="[225,286,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Naja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a row of subocular scales separating the orbit from the supralabial scales.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF266FFDAFAF838A4FEF5239D" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF266FFDAFAF838A4FEF5239D" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Naja senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF266FFDAFCC738CBFC6F239D" box="[863,950,2011,2036]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF266FFDAFCC738CBFC6F239D" box="[863,950,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex through a combination of scale counts and the coloration of juveniles and adults. Comparative scale counts are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="1E4DD3A6F267FFDBFB6B3F88FA8A24DB" box="[1267,1363,152,178]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,240,340,364]" captionText="TABLE 3. Canonical Variates Analyses: % of total variance represented by the first and second canonical variates of each analysis, and the standardised canonical discriminant function coefficients of each variable. Dashes indicate variables not included in the analyses because of lack of significant among-OTU variation." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFAF93F88FEEF24B1" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFAF93F88FEEF24B1" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Naja senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFDF33FAFFD1E24B1" box="[619,711,191,216]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFDF33FAFFD1E24B1" box="[619,711,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
through its higher neck scale row count:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFB403FAFFA4424B1" box="[1240,1437,191,216]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFB403FAFFA4424B1" box="[1240,1437,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
normally has 25 dorsal scale rows around the neck, although some specimens have 23 or 27. By contrast, W. African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFF613E1CFE96254C" box="[249,335,268,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFF613E1CFE96254C" box="[249,335,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have fewer neck scale rows (
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F267FFDBFD373E1CFCC0254F" box="[687,793,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" metricValueMax="5.334" metricValueMin="4.826" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="20.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="19.0">19–21 in</quantity>
|
||
five specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF267FFDBFB843E1CFBB8254F" box="[1052,1121,268,294]" name="Niger" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F267FFDBFBF53E1CFB0F254F" box="[1133,1238,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" metricValueMax="5.842" metricValueMin="5.334" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="22.0" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="21.0">21–23 in</quantity>
|
||
three specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF267FFDBFF4E3E22FEE82525" box="[214,305,306,332]" name="Nigeria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F267FFDBFEA53E22FEAE2525" box="[317,375,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.334" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="21.0">21 in</quantity>
|
||
one specimen from Tombouctou,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF267FFDBFC9E3E22FCE42525" box="[774,829,306,332]" name="Serbia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mali</collectingCountry>
|
||
). In other parts of Africa, the majority of specimens also have 21 or fewer scale rows around the neck (
|
||
<tableCitation id="1E4DD3A6F267FFDBFD6D3E49FC8B251A" box="[757,850,345,371]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,240,340,364]" captionText="TABLE 3. Canonical Variates Analyses: % of total variance represented by the first and second canonical variates of each analysis, and the standardised canonical discriminant function coefficients of each variable. Dashes indicate variables not included in the analyses because of lack of significant among-OTU variation." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). A cobra specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF267FFDBFB133E49FB28251A" box="[1163,1265,345,371]" name="Djibouti" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Djibouti</collectingCountry>
|
||
, with 27 scale rows around the neck and 23 at midbody, tentatively assigned to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFC683E90FB9325F0" box="[1008,1098,384,409]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFC683E90FB9325F0" box="[1008,1098,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF267FFDBFB743E90FA4E25F3" author="Ineich" box="[1260,1431,384,410]" pageId="13" pageNumber="23" refString="Ineich, I. (2001) Reptiles et Amphibiens de la Republique de Djibouti. Bilan des Conaissances a l'Aube du Troisieme Millenaire. Rapport sur la mission herpetologique de Ivan Ineich, Avril 1999. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris." type="book chapter" year="2001">Ineich (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, appears to be a spitting cobra. Other scalation characters do not distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFBAC3EB7FB2825A9" box="[1076,1265,423,448]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFBAC3EB7FB2825A9" box="[1076,1265,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFAA43EB7FA4C25A9" box="[1340,1429,423,448]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFAA43EB7FA4C25A9" box="[1340,1429,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although the new species tends to occupy the upper end of the spectrum of ventral scale counts in the complex (
|
||
<tableCitation id="1E4DD3A6F267FFDBFF063EE4FF202667" box="[158,249,500,526]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,240,340,364]" captionText="TABLE 3. Canonical Variates Analyses: % of total variance represented by the first and second canonical variates of each analysis, and the standardised canonical discriminant function coefficients of each variable. Dashes indicate variables not included in the analyses because of lack of significant among-OTU variation." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF267FFDBFF5D3D0AFC182775" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Another diagnostic feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFDB43D0AFD3C265A" box="[556,741,538,563]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFDB43D0AFD3C265A" box="[556,741,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the juvenile pattern: the great majority of juveniles and subadult specimens have a highly contrasting white blotch on the neck, within the dark collar encircling the neck (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBF4FA98F267FFDBFF7B3D78FEE926EB" box="[227,304,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,257,1711,1735]" captionTargetBox="[220,1366,1301,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[220,1367,1301,1687]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Juvenile specimen of Naja senegalensis from Medina Djikoye, Sine Saloum, Senegal. Note the clearly defined white blotch on the neck." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190431/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). This pale patch is present in 37 out of 39 small and medium-sized specimens, but barely discernible or absent in almost all larger adults. However, one of us (LC) recently photographed a large captive adult (approximately
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F267FFDBFD913DA5FDBC26A6" box="[521,613,693,719]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="200.0">200 cm</quantity>
|
||
total length) from the area of Bamako,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF267FFDBFBC53DA5FB4226A6" box="[1117,1179,693,719]" name="Serbia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mali</collectingCountry>
|
||
, that retained a very conspicuous, heart-shaped nuchal mark (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBF4FA98F267FFDBFDE13DCCFD18269F" box="[633,705,732,758]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1088,1112]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1064]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,194,1064]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Adult specimen of Naja senegalensis from near Bamako, Mali, photographed at the house of a local snake catcher. Note the very obvious hood marking, reminiscent of some Asiatic Naja." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190432/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). We have never observed this patch in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFB033DCCFB29269C" box="[1179,1264,732,757]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFB033DCCFB29269C" box="[1179,1264,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and therefore consider its presence to be a diagnostic character for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFC9C3C12FC632772" box="[772,954,770,795]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFC9C3C12FC632772" box="[772,954,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1BD5B596F267FFDBFF5D3C39FD9F21BC" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF267FFDBFF5D3C39FD4B21EE" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFF5D3C39FE40272B" box="[197,409,809,834]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFF5D3C39FE40272B" box="[197,409,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Naja senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs strongly in coloration from sympatric or parapatric West African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFB6A3C39FA9F272B" box="[1266,1350,809,834]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFB6A3C39FA9F272B" box="[1266,1350,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFF223C40FEA42700" box="[186,381,848,873]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFF223C40FEA42700" box="[186,381,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are almost invariably uniformly dark brown dorsally, whereas juveniles are greyish dorsally and yellowish ventrally, with a dark collar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBF4FA98F267FFDBFC993C66FC9E27F9" box="[769,839,886,912]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,257,1711,1735]" captionTargetBox="[220,1366,1301,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[220,1367,1301,1687]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Juvenile specimen of Naja senegalensis from Medina Djikoye, Sine Saloum, Senegal. Note the clearly defined white blotch on the neck." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190431/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) around the neck and usually a white neck blotch. Small adult specimens tend to be dark brown with paler speckles and their ventral side is yellowish. Small adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFF423CD4FE4B27B4" box="[218,402,964,989]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFF423CD4FE4B27B4" box="[218,402,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from W National Park, in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF267FFDBFD663CD4FC9827B7" box="[766,833,964,990]" name="Niger" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
–
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF267FFDBFCC83CD4FC3727B7" box="[848,1006,964,990]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
|
||
–
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF267FFDBFC653CD4FB9A27B7" box="[1021,1091,964,990]" name="Benin" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
border region, have a brown dorsal coloration with small reddish dots of one scale each. The entire head, and in particular the supralabial region, are normally uniformly dark brown. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF267FFDBFD273B01FCDB2042" box="[703,770,1041,1067]" name="Niger" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF267FFDBFCA33B01FC4F2042" box="[827,918,1041,1067]" name="Nigeria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFBB43B01FB3A2043" box="[1068,1251,1041,1066]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFBB43B01FB3A2043" box="[1068,1251,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFA843B01FAA92043" box="[1308,1392,1041,1066]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFA843B01FAA92043" box="[1308,1392,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found (the former in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF267FFDBFE173B28FDDD203B" box="[399,516,1080,1106]" name="Sudan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">the Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
savanna, the latter in the Sahelian zone, but with possible areas of sympatry), both adults and juveniles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFE7A3B4FFDEF2011" box="[482,566,1119,1144]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFE7A3B4FFDEF2011" box="[482,566,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
display quite different colours: the body of adults is yellow to dark brown dorsally (often mostly yellow, especially in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF267FFDBFD043B95FD3A20F6" box="[668,739,1157,1183]" name="Niger" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
), often with scattered individual dark scales, but the venter is at least partly cream-coloured, or with contrasting light and dark bands or blotches. The sides of the head, and in particular the supralabial region, normally display contrasting areas of pale and dark pigmentation, and, most noticeably, a dark spot under the eye, reminiscent of the “teardrop” marking present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFABB3BE9FE312153" authority="Wuster & Broadley, 2003" authorityName="Wuster & Broadley" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nubiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFABB3BE9FA45217B" box="[1315,1436,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. nubiae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF267FFDBFF073A30FE062153" author="Wuster" box="[159,479,1312,1338]" pageId="13" pageNumber="24" refString="Wuster, W. & Broadley, D. G. (2003) A new species of spitting cobra from northeastern Africa (Serpentes: Elapidae: Naja). Journal of Zoology, London, 259, 345 - 359." type="journal article" year="2003">Wüster & Broadley, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and a more or less distinct dark greyish neck band, approximately ten scales wide. Juveniles lack the pale neck patch present in young
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFCC23A57FBCF2109" box="[858,1046,1351,1376]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFCC23A57FBCF2109" box="[858,1046,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. An adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFB003A57FB292109" box="[1176,1264,1351,1376]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFB003A57FB292109" box="[1176,1264,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF267FFDBFAA33A56FAA62109" box="[1339,1407,1350,1376]" name="Niger" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
is illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF267FFDBFEA93A7DFD5421EE" author="Trape" box="[305,653,1389,1415]" pageId="13" pageNumber="24" refString="Trape, J. F. & Mane, Y. (2006) Guide des Serpents d'Afrique Occidentale. Savane et Desert. Paris, IRD Editions, 226 pp." type="book" year="2006" yearSuffix="p">Trape & Mané (2006, p. 195)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF267FFDBFF5D3A84FD9F21BC" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Elsewhere in Africa,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFE5F3A84FDC621C4" box="[455,543,1428,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFE5F3A84FDC621C4" box="[455,543,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows great variation in colour pattern, but differs consistently from that shown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFE913AABFE6621BD" box="[265,447,1467,1492]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFE913AABFE6621BD" box="[265,447,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as follows:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1BD5B596F267FFDBFF5D3AF1FD962206" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF267FFDBFF5D3AF1FD962206" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
- The Moroccan/Western Saharan population extends into the northern parts of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF267FFDBFB073AF1FABA2192" box="[1183,1379,1505,1531]" name="Western Sahara" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Western Sahara</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and specimens have been illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF267FFDBFDD63918FC1F224B" author="Bons" box="[590,966,1544,1570]" pageId="13" pageNumber="22" refString="Bons, J. & Geniez, P. (1996) Amphibiens et Reptiles du Maroc (Sahara Occidental compris). Atlas biogeographique. Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola, Barcelona, 320 pp." type="book" year="1996" yearSuffix="p">Bons & Geniez (1996, p. 251)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF267FFDBFC4C3918FB1C224B" author="Geniez" box="[980,1221,1544,1570]" pageId="13" pageNumber="23" refString="Geniez, P., Mateo, J. A., Geniez M., & Pether, J. (2004) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Western Sahara. Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 229 pp." type="book" year="2004">
|
||
Geniez
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFBAB3918FBAB2248" box="[1075,1138,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 169, 171) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF267FFDBFF0F393EFE232221" author="Dobiey" box="[151,506,1582,1608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="22" refString="Dobiey, M. & Vogel, G. (2007) Venomous Snakes of Africa. Chimaira, Frankfurt a. M." type="book" year="2007" yearSuffix="p">Dobiey & Vogel (2007, p. 67)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Adults are usually uniform black except for a yellowish gular area. Some may be dark brown above and grey below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1BD5B596F267FFD8FF5D396CFCA62496" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF267FFDBFF5D396CFF262359" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFF5D396CFEF622FC" box="[197,303,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF267FFDBFF4F396CFEF622FC" box="[215,303,1660,1685]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">N. haje</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
extends across northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF267FFDBFDF9396CFD6522FF" box="[609,700,1660,1686]" name="Algeria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
south of the Atlas Mountains (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF267FFDBFBAF396CFAE122FF" author="Schleich" box="[1079,1336,1660,1686]" pageId="13" pageNumber="24" refString="Schleich, H. H., Kastle, W. & K. Kabisch. (1996) Amphibians and Reptiles of North Africa. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, 630 pp." type="book" year="1996">
|
||
Schleich
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFB32396CFB3122FC" box="[1194,1256,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but no voucher specimens have been examined. LC did not encounter the species during two years that he spent in the region; local people knew it, but reported that it was very rare.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF267FFDBFC5D39D9FBAC228A" author="Renker" box="[965,1141,1737,1763]" pageId="13" pageNumber="23" refString="Renker, G. (1966) Verkanntes Schlangenvolk. Adolf Sponholtz Verlag, Hameln, 160 pp." type="book" year="1966">Renker (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported encountering a uniformly “sandy brown” specimen at Ghardaia and both black and brown specimens at Bir Ghellalia, Msila Province
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF267FFD8FF5D382DFCA62496" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,152,255]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
- Nine Tunisian specimens showed great variation, but most are yellowish or mottled brown, with head and neck blackish, the venter may be dark mesially or suffused with brown. MNHN 8797 from south
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF267FFDBFADD3874FA452317" box="[1349,1436,1892,1918]" name="Tunisia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
is red-brown above and purple below. Only a
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F267FFDBFD26389BFCF823CC" box="[702,801,1931,1957]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.46" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="446.0">446 mm</quantity>
|
||
male from Sfax (FMNH 83646) has a distinct throat band covering ventrals 8–18. Specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF267FFDBFD2638A1FCDB23A2" box="[702,770,1969,1995]" name="Libya" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
||
are similar (see photo in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF267FFDBFBAA38A1FAFF23A2" author="Schleich" box="[1074,1318,1969,1995]" pageId="13" pageNumber="24" refString="Schleich, H. H., Kastle, W. & K. Kabisch. (1996) Amphibians and Reptiles of North Africa. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, 630 pp." type="book" year="1996">
|
||
Schleich
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF267FFDBFB0738A1FB0323A3" box="[1183,1242,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, plate 49) but a
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F267FFDBFF4F38C8FE9E239B" box="[215,327,2008,2034]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1370.0">1370 mm</quantity>
|
||
male from Kouf National Park (FMNH 214914) is brown with yellow flecks above and shows faint banding, while a
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F264FFD8FE043F88FE2424DB" box="[412,509,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="610.0">610 mm</quantity>
|
||
male from near Misurata (FMNH 83058) has black throat bands covering
|
||
<date id="2771C0DDF264FFD8FAFB3F88FF7F24B1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">V 3– 6</date>
|
||
and 11–25.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF264FFD8FEA33FAEFD0724B1" author="Kramer" box="[315,734,190,216]" pageId="14" pageNumber="23" refString="Kramer, E. & Schnurrenberger, H. (1963) Systematik, Verbreitung und Okologie der Libyschen Schlangen. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 70, 453 - 568." type="journal article" year="1963">Kramer & Schnurrenberger (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that Libyan juveniles are cream with dark dorsal crossbands, black head and neck and a broad black throat band.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="07B0B695F264FFD8FF0F38CAFBBC2398" box="[151,1125,2010,2034]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190428/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[188,1398,310,1984]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF264FFD8FF0F38CAFBBC2398" blockId="14.[151,1125,2010,2034]" box="[151,1125,2010,2034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF264FFD8FF0F38CAFEC0239B" bold="true" box="[151,281,2010,2034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF264FFD8FE3E38CAFDB12398" box="[422,616,2010,2033]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF264FFD8FE3E38CAFDB12398" box="[422,616,2010,2033]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Naja senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNHN 2008.0074) in dorsal and ventral view
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="07B0B695F265FFD9FF0F3EDEFBF7258F" box="[151,1070,462,486]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190429/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[491,1096,194,438]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF265FFD9FF0F3EDEFBF7258F" blockId="15.[151,1070,462,486]" box="[151,1070,462,486]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF265FFD9FF0F3EDEFECB258F" bold="true" box="[151,274,462,486]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
|
||
. Side view of head of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF265FFD9FD1C3EDFFC9D258F" box="[644,836,463,486]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF265FFD9FD1C3EDFFC9D258F" box="[644,836,463,486]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Naja senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNHN 2008.0074).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="07B0B695F265FFD9FF0F3BD8FC4820B6" box="[151,913,1224,1248]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190430/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[201,1383,552,1190]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF265FFD9FF0F3BD8FC4820B6" blockId="15.[151,913,1224,1248]" box="[151,913,1224,1248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF265FFD9FF0F3BD8FECB2089" bold="true" box="[151,274,1224,1248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
|
||
. Sketch of head scalation of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF265FFD9FD503BD8FC5420B6" box="[712,909,1224,1247]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">Naja senegalensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="07B0B695F265FFD9FF0F39BFFE222280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190431/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[220,1366,1301,1687]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF265FFD9FF0F39BFFE222280" blockId="15.[151,1436,1711,1769]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF265FFD9FF0F39BFFEC422AE" bold="true" box="[151,285,1711,1735]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Juvenile specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF265FFD9FD8D39BFFD0422AF" box="[533,733,1711,1734]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF265FFD9FD8D39BFFD0422AF" box="[533,733,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Naja senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Medina Djikoye, Sine Saloum, Senegal. Note the clearly defined white blotch on the neck.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1BD5B596F265FFC7FF5D3807FCB925A9" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF265FFD9FF5D3807FAA623A5" blockId="15.[151,1437,1815,1996]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
- Egyptian specimens are yellow to brown above, often mottled, and the head often darker, with faint darker edges on the head scales and an indication of a “teardrop” marking. FMNH 171897 from Hahîg, Matruh, has 3 yellow bands on the posterior body and 3 on the tail (3 + 3), and FMNH 75232 from northwest of Cairo has 4 + 2 similar bands. Most Egyptian cobras have a single dark throat band covering ventrals ca. 15–25. See photos in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF265FFD9FE0C38A2FD5D23A5" author="Saleh" box="[404,644,1970,1996]" pageId="15" pageNumber="24" refString="Saleh, M. A. (1997) Amphibians and reptiles of Egypt. National Biodiversity Unit, Cairo, 234 pp." type="book" year="1997" yearSuffix="p">Saleh (1997, p. 175)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF265FFD9FD0938A2FCA923A5" author="Baha" box="[657,880,1970,1996]" pageId="15" pageNumber="22" refString="Baha El Din, S. (2006) A Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo, 359 pp." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Baha El
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF265FFD9FD6E38A2FCA923A5" author="Din" box="[758,880,1970,1996]" pageId="15" pageNumber="22" refString="Baha El Din, S. (2006) A Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo, 359 pp." type="book" year="2006">Din (2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 109) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF265FFD9FB8238A2FAA223A5" author="Dobiey" box="[1050,1403,1970,1996]" pageId="15" pageNumber="22" refString="Dobiey, M. & Vogel, G. (2007) Venomous Snakes of Africa. Chimaira, Frankfurt a. M." type="book" year="2007" yearSuffix="p">Dobiey & Vogel (2007, p. 66)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="07B0B695F27AFFC6FF0F3B50FC292013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190432/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[151,1435,194,1064]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF27AFFC6FF0F3B50FC292013" blockId="16.[151,1436,1088,1146]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27AFFC6FF0F3B50FEC32031" bold="true" box="[151,282,1088,1112]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27AFFC6FE773B51FD682031" box="[495,689,1089,1112]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27AFFC6FE773B51FD682031" box="[495,689,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Naja senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from near Bamako, Mali, photographed at the house of a local snake catcher. Note the very obvious hood marking, reminiscent of some Asiatic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27AFFC6FC2D3B73FC302013" box="[949,1001,1123,1146]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27AFFC6FC2D3B73FC302013" box="[949,1001,1123,1146]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Naja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF27AFFC6FF5D3BBDFE002108" blockId="16.[151,1437,1197,2035]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
- No material has been examined from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF27AFFC6FD6F3BBDFC9A20AE" box="[759,835,1197,1223]" name="Sudan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but most specimens from the south resemble those from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF27AFFC6FF4F3BC3FEF82084" box="[215,289,1235,1261]" name="Egypt" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, FMNH
|
||
<date id="2771C0DDF27AFFC6FE673BC3FD832084" box="[511,602,1235,1261]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="25-03-19">190325</date>
|
||
, a female from Kassala, has a dark brown dorsum with pale streaks and 9 + 2 yellow bands on body and tail, these extend ventrally. FMNH 58468, a
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F27AFFC6FBB33BEAFB54217D" box="[1067,1165,1274,1300]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="412.0">412 mm</quantity>
|
||
female from Torit, has two black neck bands on V
|
||
<date id="2771C0DDF27AFFC6FE7F3A31FD632152" box="[487,698,1313,1339]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1929-12-13" valueMax="1929-12-15" valueMin="1929-12-13">12–13 and 15–29</date>
|
||
, while NMK 3231, a
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F27AFFC6FC583A31FBEB2152" box="[960,1074,1313,1339]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1880.0">1880 mm</quantity>
|
||
male from Sennar, has brown bands on
|
||
<date id="2771C0DDF27AFFC6FE9F3A57FE892108" box="[263,336,1351,1377]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">V 1–9</date>
|
||
and 13–27.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF27AFFC6FF5D3A7EFDA62220" blockId="16.[151,1437,1197,2035]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
- Ethiopian specimens are usually brown with numerous scattered patches of yellow scales, sometimes with a divided yellow band on the neck, but AAU H.664, a male from north of Gondar, has yellow blotches coalescing to form bands caudad, while the venter is blackish with 9 + 2 distinct yellow bands.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF27AFFC6FABC3AABFEA62195" author="Dobiey" pageId="16" pageNumber="22" refString="Dobiey, M. & Vogel, G. (2007) Venomous Snakes of Africa. Chimaira, Frankfurt a. M." type="book" year="2007" yearSuffix="p">Dobiey & Vogel (2007, p. 65)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrate a specimen from Keren, NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF27AFFC6FCC03AF2FC752195" box="[856,940,1506,1532]" name="Eritrea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which displays a striking pattern of dark brown or black marbling on a creamy-white background. It is unclear whether this is an individual aberrance or a characteristic of the local population.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF27AFFC6FF5D3946FD70228D" blockId="16.[151,1437,1197,2035]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
- Ugandan specimens are yellow to grey-brown, the head and neck often darker and frequently with a faint yellow band on the neck. MUZM (un-numbered), a
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F27AFFC6FC93396DFCB722FE" box="[779,878,1661,1687]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="900.0">900 mm</quantity>
|
||
female from Soroti, is black above with 7 + 2 yellow bands, and two juveniles (NMZB-UM 5236–7) from this area show faint banding on the dorsum. A black throat band usually covers ca.
|
||
<date id="2771C0DDF27AFFC6FDDA39DAFD70228D" box="[578,681,1738,1764]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1912-05-24">v 12–24.</date>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF27AFFC6FF5D39E1FDF323CC" blockId="16.[151,1437,1197,2035]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
-
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF27AFFC6FF4F39E1FEEB2362" box="[215,306,1777,1803]" name="Kenya" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Kenyan</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens are usually mottled brown and yellow above, with contrasting facial and supralabial markings, sometimes with a yellow band on the neck, rarely other bands caudad. Usually a dark throat band covers ca.
|
||
<date id="2771C0DDF27AFFC6FE8F382EFE5B2331" box="[279,386,1854,1880]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1916-05-25">V 16–25</date>
|
||
, rest of venter yellow with brown blotches. Tanzanian specimens are similar, but KMH 3184, a
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F27AFFC6FF6D3875FE872316" box="[245,350,1893,1919]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.063" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1063.0">1063mm</quantity>
|
||
female from Mangola, is grey-brown above, with one yellow band on the nape, three on the posterior body and two on the tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF27AFFC7FF5D38A2FD042496" blockId="16.[151,1437,1197,2035]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
- There are few records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27AFFC6FD8838A2FDB023A2" box="[528,617,1970,1995]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27AFFC6FD8838A2FDB023A2" box="[528,617,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the north-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF27AFFC6FC1538A2FAD423A5" box="[909,1293,1970,1996]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF27AFFC6FA8638A2FAB923A5" box="[1310,1376,1970,1996]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">DRC</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF27AFFC6FE9A38C9FDF5239A" box="[258,556,2009,2035]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF27AFFC6FDA538C9FD59239A" box="[573,640,2009,2035]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CAR</collectingCountry>
|
||
). One of us (LC) collected four specimens in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF27AFFC6FA9038C9FA91239A" box="[1288,1352,2009,2035]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CAR</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which do not differ from those of northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF27BFFC7FDDC3F88FD1824DB" box="[580,705,152,178]" name="Cameroon" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where all the specimens collected by one of us (LC) are very dark, grey or black but not brown, with a pale throat, and superficially similar to Moroccan specimens (photograph in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF27BFFC7FED33FF5FDAF2496" author="Chirio" box="[331,630,229,255]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refString="Chirio, L. & LeBreton, M. (2007) Atlas des Reptiles du Cameroun. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, IRD, Paris, 688 pp." type="book" year="2007">Chirio & LeBreton, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 579).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF27BFFC7FF5D3E1CFCB925A9" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27BFFC7FF5D3E1CFE45254C" box="[197,412,268,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27BFFC7FF5D3E1CFE45254C" box="[197,412,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Naja senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27BFFC7FDA33E1CFD08254C" box="[571,721,268,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anchietae">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27BFFC7FDA33E1CFD08254C" box="[571,721,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. anchietae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27BFFC7FD793E1CFC59254C" box="[737,896,268,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27BFFC7FD793E1CFC59254C" box="[737,896,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. annulifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27BFFC7FC233E1CFBE3254C" box="[955,1082,268,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27BFFC7FC233E1CFBE3254C" box="[955,1082,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. arabica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having consistently higher scale row numbers around the neck (23 or more vs. 21 or fewer in the three other species). Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27BFFC7FA193E22FED5251B" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anchietae">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27BFFC7FA193E22FED5251B" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. anchietae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27BFFC7FED03E49FE33251B" box="[328,490,345,370]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27BFFC7FED03E49FE33251B" box="[328,490,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. annulifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ in having a pointed, enlarged rostral scale, fewer ventral scales (males: maximum 201; females: maximum 206, vs. minimally 205 and 219, respectively, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27BFFC7FB023E90FA8F25F0" box="[1178,1366,384,409]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27BFFC7FB023E90FA8F25F0" box="[1178,1366,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and, with few exceptions, 19 or fewer midbody dorsal scale rows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1BD5B596F27BFFC7FF5D3EDDFD06272A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF27BFFC7FF5D3EDDFD06272A" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27BFFC7FF5D3EDDFEBF258F" box="[197,358,461,486]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27BFFC7FF5D3EDDFEBF258F" box="[197,358,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Naja arabica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27BFFC7FDD93EDDFD27258F" box="[577,766,461,486]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27BFFC7FDD93EDDFD27258F" box="[577,766,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in colour pattern, which is highly variable (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF27BFFC7FA8E3EDDFF0C2667" author="Gasperetti" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" refString="Gasperetti, J. (1988) Snakes of Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 9, 169 - 450." type="journal article" year="1988">Gasperetti, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF27BFFC7FF7A3EE4FEB72667" author="Egan" box="[226,366,500,526]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refString="Egan, D. (2007) Snakes of Arabia. A Field Guide to the Snakes of the Arabian Peninsula and its Shores. Motivate Publishing, Dubai." type="book" year="2007">Egan, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Specimens from south-west
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF27BFFC7FD4C3EE4FCB62667" box="[724,879,500,526]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF27BFFC7FC323EE4FC252667" box="[938,1020,500,526]" name="Yemen" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
may be blackish-brown above and below, or with the head and neck black, the rest of the body yellow, the venter often dark mesially.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF27BFFC7FABB3D0AFF3F2632" author="Gasperetti" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" refString="Gasperetti, J. (1988) Snakes of Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 9, 169 - 450." type="journal article" year="1988">Gasperetti (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that some individuals were dull black, copper coloured, or various shades of brown or yellow, with blackish top of head and tail, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF27BFFC7FDF83D78FD2B26EB" author="Egan" box="[608,754,616,642]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refString="Egan, D. (2007) Snakes of Arabia. A Field Guide to the Snakes of the Arabian Peninsula and its Shores. Motivate Publishing, Dubai." type="book" year="2007">Egan (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
additionally noted entirely orange specimens with yellow heads. An adult female from Dhofar,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF27BFFC7FDCB3D9EFD4226C1" box="[595,667,654,680]" name="Oman" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
(BMNH 1976.1487) is yellow-brown, but with a black head and neck and becoming black caudad and with a black venter. A
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F27BFFC7FC1A3DA5FC0726A6" box="[898,990,693,719]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.18" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="418.0">418mm</quantity>
|
||
male from the same region (BMNH 1977.1198) has a brown head, yellow-brown dorsum and yellow venter, and van der
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF27BFFC7FB363DCCFA44269F" author="Kooij" box="[1198,1437,732,758]" pageId="17" pageNumber="24" refString="van der Kooij, J. (2001) The herpetofauna of the Sultanate of Oman. Part 4: the terrestrial snakes. Podarcis, 2, 54 - 64." type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="p">Kooij (2001, p. 59)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrates a largely black specimen with coppery lower sides and described a “copper coloured ventral surface”, although this is not evident in the photo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1BD5B596F27BFFC4FF5D3C5FFCB326C1" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF27BFFC7FF5D3C5FFD9727DE" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27BFFC7FF5D3C5FFD582700" bold="true" box="[197,641,847,873]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C7458BFF27BFFC7FE1D3C5FFE2D2700" box="[389,500,847,873]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBF4FA98F27BFFC7FD9D3C5FFDA82700" box="[517,625,847,873]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="14.[151,255,2010,2034]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,255,462,486]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,255,1224,1248]" captionTargetBox-0="[188,1398,310,1984]" captionTargetBox-1="[491,1096,194,438]" captionTargetBox-2="[201,1383,552,1190]" captionTargetId-0="figure@14.[188,1398,310,1986]" captionTargetId-1="figure@15.[491,1096,194,438]" captionTargetId-2="figure@15.[188,1398,540,1200]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Naja senegalensis (MNHN 2008.0074) in dorsal and ventral view" captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Side view of head of holotype of Naja senegalensis (MNHN 2008.0074)." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Sketch of head scalation of holotype of Naja senegalensis." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/190428/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/190429/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/190430/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 4–6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C7458BFF27BFFC7FD593C40FCF52703" box="[705,812,848,874]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(MNHN 2008.0074, previously IRD S-8549) is an adult male of the following dimensions: total length
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F27BFFC7FC893C66FC5F27F9" box="[785,902,886,912]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1430.0">1430 mm</quantity>
|
||
, snout-vent length
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F27BFFC7FBF53C66FB3827F9" box="[1133,1249,886,912]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.175" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1175.0">1175 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail length
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F27BFFC7FAF73C66FF1127DE" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="255.0">255 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ratio total length: tail length 5.3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF27BFFC7FF5D3CD4FF052109" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Head broad and short, weakly distinct from the neck, which is partly dilated. Snout rounded. Eye small, pupil round. Rostral as broad as high, clearly visible from above. The nostril is large and entirely divides the nasal. Two internasals, two prefrontals. The frontal is slightly longer than the prefrontals and internasals, their greatest width is similar. Loreal absent. A single rectangular preocular, twice as long as wide, between eye and nasal. Two postoculars on the left, three on the right. Two suboculars on the left and three on the right entirely separate the eye from the supralabials. 1+ 2 temporals on right, 1+3 on left. Seven supralabials, sixth is largest. Eight infralabials, the first four contact the anterior chin shields. No cuneates. The posterior chin shields are as long as but narrower than the anterior ones. Dorsal scales smooth and oblique, in 25 rows around the neck, 21 around midbody and 15 ahead of the vent. Vertebral row not enlarged. 211 ventrals, anal single. 65 subcaudals, all divided except the second to the ninth, which are single. Stomach content: one
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27BFFC7FAFC3A30FF0C2109" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xeros">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27BFFC7FAFC3A30FF0C2109" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bufo xeros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF27BFFC7FF5D3A7DFE542206" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Upper side of head, body and tail entirely grey-brown. Lower flanks lighter on first two dorsal scale rows, except at anterior and posterior end of body, where they are of the same colour as the dorsum. Lower side of head is grey-brown, similar to the upper side. Underside includes a dark grey area extending from the fifth to the 30th ventral scale, excluding the 12th and 17th ventrals, which are partially light. From the 31st ventral, the dominant colour of the ventrals is yellowish, with dark spots that become fainter towards the posterior part of the body. Subcaudals entirely yellowish, except on the terminal third of the tail, where they become progressively darker.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF27BFFC4FF5D396BFB71254F" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27BFFC7FF5D396BFDDB22FC" bold="true" box="[197,514,1659,1685]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C7458BFF27BFFC7FEE6396BFE2522FC" box="[382,508,1659,1685]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The 31
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C7458BFF27BFFC7FDFD396CFD0C22FF" box="[613,725,1660,1686]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
include
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F27BFFC7FCA4396CFC7E22FF" box="[828,935,1660,1686]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">17 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F27BFFC7FC79396CFBBC22FF" box="[993,1125,1660,1686]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">14 females</specimenCount>
|
||
. The largest male (IRD S- 3429) measured
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F27BFFC7FEC639B3FE0B22D4" box="[350,466,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.065" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2065.0">2065 mm</quantity>
|
||
, the largest female (IRD S-1640)
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F27BFFC7FCF039B3FC0322D4" box="[872,986,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.315" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2315.0">2315 mm</quantity>
|
||
in total length. Mean length of males was
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F27BFFC7FF5339D9FEE5228A" box="[203,316,1737,1763]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.035" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1035.0">1035 mm</quantity>
|
||
(SD =
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F27BFFC7FE0939D9FE2F228A" box="[401,502,1737,1763]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.99" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="699.0">699 mm</quantity>
|
||
), of females
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F27BFFC7FD1439D9FD23228A" box="[652,762,1737,1763]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1110.0">1110 mm</quantity>
|
||
(SD =
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F27BFFC7FCC839D9FC6F228A" box="[848,950,1737,1763]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.54" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="654.0">654 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The total length: tail length ratio ranged from
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F27BFFC7FF4139E0FEB22363" box="[217,363,1776,1802]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5621" metricValueMax="1.6764" metricValueMin="1.4478" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="6.15" valueMax="6.6" valueMin="5.7">5.7 to 6.6 in</quantity>
|
||
males (mean: 6.2; SD: 0.2) and from
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F27BFFC7FCA039E0FC122363" box="[824,971,1776,1802]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6382999999999999" metricValueMax="1.7271999999999998" metricValueMin="1.5493999999999999" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="6.449999999999999" valueMax="6.8" valueMin="6.1">6.1 to 6.8 in</quantity>
|
||
females (mean 6.4, SD 0.3). Midbody dorsal scale rows
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F27BFFC7FEF13806FE7C2359" box="[361,421,1814,1840]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.334" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="21.0">21 in</quantity>
|
||
males and 21 (
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27BFFC7FDC13807FDB42359" box="[601,621,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 13) or 23 (
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27BFFC7FC923807FCC42359" box="[778,797,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 1) in females. The number of scale rows around the neck is 23 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F27BFFC7FEBB382DFE5B233E" box="[291,386,1853,1879]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F27BFFC7FE17382DFE25233E" box="[399,508,1853,1879]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
), 24 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F27BFFC7FDDB382DFD77233E" box="[579,686,1853,1879]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
), 25 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F27BFFC7FD6A382DFC84233E" box="[754,861,1853,1879]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">13 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F27BFFC7FC01382DFBC8233E" box="[921,1041,1853,1879]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">9 females</specimenCount>
|
||
), 26 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F27BFFC7FBC0382DFB19233E" box="[1112,1216,1853,1879]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
) or 27 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F27BFFC7FAB8382DFA59233E" box="[1312,1408,1853,1879]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F27BFFC7FA15382DFF272317" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
). Ventrals 205–216 (mean 211.7, SD 2.7) in males, 219–225 (mean 222.3, SD 1.6) in females. Subcaudals
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F27BFFC7FEA8389BFE4323CC" box="[304,410,1931,1957]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5748" metricValueMax="1.6509999999999998" metricValueMin="1.4986" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="62.0" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="59.0">59–65 in</quantity>
|
||
males (mean 61.5, SD 1.5) and
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F27BFFC7FCBB389BFC5723CC" box="[803,910,1931,1957]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" metricValueMax="1.6256" metricValueMin="1.4224" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="60.0" valueMax="64.0" valueMin="56.0">56–64 in</quantity>
|
||
females (mean 59.9, SD 2.2), all or mostly divided. Nasal always fully divided, loreal always absent. Preocular always single, elongate and rectangular. 1–3 postoculars, 1–3 suboculars, the total number of scales around the eye varying from 5 to 7. Supralabials always 7, except in one specimen with 8 on one side. Temporals 1+2 (
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FC5F3F88FC0324D8" box="[967,986,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5), 1+3 (
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FBC63F88FBA824D8" box="[1118,1137,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N</emphasis>
|
||
=18), or a combination of the above (
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FE823FAFFEF724B1" box="[282,302,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 9). Nuchals 7 (
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FE673FAFFDCB24B1" box="[511,530,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 19), 8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FD123FAFFD4424B1" box="[650,669,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N</emphasis>
|
||
=9) or 9 (
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FC973FAFFCFB24B1" box="[783,802,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 3). Cuneates number 0 (
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FBF83FAFFBAA24B1" box="[1120,1139,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 6), 1 (
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FB453FAFFB2924B1" box="[1245,1264,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 20), or 1 on one side only (
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FED23FF5FE842497" box="[330,349,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5). When present, cuneate always between 4th and 5th infralabials. The examination of stomach contents revealed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF278FFC4FE4B3E1CFD89254C" box="[467,592,268,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xeros">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FE4B3E1CFD89254C" box="[467,592,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bufo xeros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF278FFC4FD113E1CFC17254C" box="[649,974,268,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Rhamphiophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxyrhynchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FD113E1CFC17254C" box="[649,974,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rhamphiophis oxyrhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in two specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF278FFC4FF5D3E22FCB326C1" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Juveniles (
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F278FFC4FEDF3E22FE342525" box="[327,493,306,332]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">17 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
measuring under
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F278FFC4FD513E22FCE42525" box="[713,829,306,332]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1000.0">1000 mm</quantity>
|
||
in total length) are pale greyish to greyish-brown dorsally, except the top of the head, the neck and the anterior body, which are dark grey or blackish. On all but one of the juveniles, a white blotch was present on the neck, contrasting strongly with the dark or black colour of the rest of the forebody (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBF4FA98F278FFC4FE6C3EB6FD9B25A9" box="[500,578,422,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,257,1711,1735]" captionTargetBox="[220,1366,1301,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[220,1367,1301,1687]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Juvenile specimen of Naja senegalensis from Medina Djikoye, Sine Saloum, Senegal. Note the clearly defined white blotch on the neck." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190431/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The venter is largely pale beige or yellowish, except for a band of approximately 20 ventrals, usually situated between the 5th and the 30th ventral, which is entirely black. In adults, the dorsal coloration is dark brown or greyish brown, the top of the head and the forebody often being slightly darker, this representing a remnant of the juvenile coloration. A paler neck blotch is sometimes visible. The venter is slightly paler than the dorsum (larger specimens) or yellowish (medium-sized specimens), with the exception of approximately 20 scales under the anterior body, which are dark brown or dark grey. Underside of head usually dark in large specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1BD5B596F278FFC4FF5D3DA5FC2627B7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF278FFC4FF5D3DA5FC2627B7" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FF5D3DA5FD9726A6" bold="true" box="[197,590,693,719]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description of other specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
The other specimens examined present the same general characteristics as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C7458BFF278FFC4FF7F3DCCFEC5269F" box="[231,284,732,758]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series, both in terms of scalation and juvenile and adult coloration. The largest specimen is a female from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FEAE3C12FEAA2775" box="[310,371,770,796]" name="Serbia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mali</collectingCountry>
|
||
, measuring
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F278FFC4FD9F3C12FDA52775" box="[519,636,770,796]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="2450.0">2450 mm</quantity>
|
||
(IRD 805-M). The largest male measures
|
||
<quantity id="94374BF8F278FFC4FB103C12FB252775" box="[1160,1276,770,796]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.205" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="2205.0">2205 mm</quantity>
|
||
(IRD S-343,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FF0F3C39FF20272A" box="[151,249,809,835]" name="Senegal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The eye is consistently separated from the supralabials by one or several suboculars. The midbody scale rows number 21, rarely 23, and ventral and subcaudal counts agree with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C7458BFF278FFC4FBFF3C40FB432703" box="[1127,1178,848,874]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series. In males from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FF0F3C66FF0827F9" box="[151,209,886,912]" name="Serbia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mali</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ventrals number 211–216, and subcaudals 60–64, and in females, the corresponding counts are 222–225 and 56–64. The number of dorsal scale rows around the neck ranges from 25 (
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FBA43C8DFB9627DF" box="[1084,1103,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N</emphasis>
|
||
=22) to 27 (
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FB463C8DFB2827DF" box="[1246,1265,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2) in the
|
||
<specimenCount id="45C92D94F278FFC4FAE63C8DFEC827B7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">24 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FEC03CD4FE5627B7" box="[344,399,964,990]" name="Serbia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mali</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FE513CD4FDD527B7" box="[457,524,964,990]" name="Niger" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
in which this character has been recorded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1BD5B596F278FFC4FF5D3CFAFB3A206D" box="[197,1251,1002,1028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF278FFC4FF5D3CFAFB3A206D" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,2034]" box="[197,1251,1002,1028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FF5D3CFAFE8B206D" bold="true" box="[197,338,1002,1028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name of the new species refers to the country of origin of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C7458BFF278FFC4FBC73CFAFB4B206D" box="[1119,1170,1002,1028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1BD5B596F278FFC4FF5D3B00FB5D228A" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF278FFC4FF5D3B00FAD921BC" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FF5D3B00FE272043" bold="true" box="[197,510,1040,1066]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF278FFC4FD9D3B01FD002043" box="[517,729,1041,1066]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FD9D3B01FD002043" box="[517,729,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Naja senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely distributed in the savannas of western Africa from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FF0F3B28FF2C203B" box="[151,245,1080,1106]" name="Senegal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
east to south-western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FD9A3B28FD91203B" box="[514,584,1080,1106]" name="Niger" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FDCD3B28FD45203B" box="[597,668,1080,1106]" name="Benin" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
and western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FCA43B28FC4C203B" box="[828,917,1080,1106]" name="Nigeria" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBF4FA98F278FFC4FC3F3B28FC29203B" box="[935,1008,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,257,1542,1566]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1518]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[188,1398,194,1518]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Distribution of the constituent species of the Naja haje complex. Hollow symbols represent unverified literature records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190433/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FBB13B28FB53203B" box="[1065,1162,1080,1106]" name="Senegal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it appears to be found throughout most of the country, although records are lacking from the arid northeast. It is widespread in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FE9A3B95FEE520F6" box="[258,316,1157,1183]" name="Serbia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mali</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and has also been recorded from north-western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FCE83B95FC1E20F6" box="[880,967,1157,1183]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FC4B3B95FBAB20F6" box="[979,1138,1157,1183]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
|
||
, south-western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FAB03B95FAB220F6" box="[1320,1387,1157,1183]" name="Niger" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FE923BBCFE8C20AF" box="[266,341,1196,1222]" name="Benin" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF278FFC4FEFE3BBCFDCD20AF" author="Roman" box="[358,532,1196,1222]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" refString="Roman, B. (1973) Viperides et Elapides de Haute-Volta. Notes et Documents Voltaiques, 6, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1973">Roman, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF278FFC4FDBA3BBCFDBD20AF" author="Roman" box="[546,612,1196,1222]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" refString="Roman, B. (1980) Serpents de Haute-Volta. C. N. R. S. T., Ouagadougou, 312 pp." type="book" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF278FFC4FDEB3BBCFC5920AF" author="Trape" box="[627,896,1196,1222]" pageId="18" pageNumber="24" refString="Trape, J. F. & Mane, Y. (2006) Guide des Serpents d'Afrique Occidentale. Savane et Desert. Paris, IRD Editions, 226 pp." type="book" year="2006">Trape & Mané, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The eastern limits of its range are poorly documented. The material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FD8E3BC3FD6D2084" box="[534,692,1235,1261]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
|
||
reported by Roman consisted entirely of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF278FFC4FB383BC3FA812085" box="[1184,1368,1235,1260]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FB383BC3FA812085" box="[1184,1368,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the apparent exception of a single specimen from Dori in the extreme northeast of the country (LC, observation). A single specimen is known from Shagunu, on the shores of Kainji Reservoir, western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FADC3A30FA452153" box="[1348,1436,1312,1338]" name="Nigeria" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(CM 92607), whereas a number of specimens of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF278FFC4FC983A57FC8D2109" box="[768,852,1351,1376]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FC983A57FC8D2109" box="[768,852,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex imported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FBE13A56FB082109" box="[1145,1233,1350,1376]" name="Nigeria" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
by the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine are referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF278FFC4FD363A7DFCDA21EF" box="[686,771,1389,1414]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FD363A7DFCDA21EF" box="[686,771,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as is material from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FBFC3A7DFB0721EE" box="[1124,1246,1389,1415]" name="Cameroon" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FADD3A7DFEBB21C7" name="Central African Republic" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF278FFC4FEE93A84FDA121C7" author="Chirio" box="[369,632,1428,1454]" pageId="18" pageNumber="22" refString="Chirio, L. & Ineich, I. (2006) Biogeography of the reptiles of the Central African Republic. African Journal of Herpetology, 55, 23 - 59." type="journal article" year="2006">Chirio & Ineich, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) examined by one of us (LC). The distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF278FFC4FB5F3A84FAC521C4" box="[1223,1308,1428,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FB5F3A84FAC521C4" box="[1223,1308,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extends to the north and east of that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF278FFC4FE783AABFD4E21BD" box="[480,663,1467,1492]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FE783AABFD4E21BD" box="[480,663,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at least as far as Tombouctou,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FB993AABFBE121BC" box="[1025,1080,1467,1493]" name="Serbia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mali</collectingCountry>
|
||
(NMZB 13981).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF278FFC4FF5D3AF1FB5D228A" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF278FFC4FF5D3AF1FE422193" box="[197,411,1505,1530]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FF5D3AF1FE422193" box="[197,411,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Naja senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occupies a variety of savanna habitats. In northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FB993AF1FB9E2192" box="[1025,1095,1505,1531]" name="Benin" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
and eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FB453AF1FAA62192" box="[1245,1407,1505,1531]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it seems to show a predilection for riparian situations: in the villages around W National Park, villagers know it well and state that it always lives near water. One of us (LC) found some burrows with shed skins near small temporary streams, and the preserved specimens were found in the same biotopes (one was even caught in a fisherman’s net). This species seems to be excluded from the banks of larger, permanent rivers by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF278FFC4FA18396CFEF422D5" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FA18396CFEF422D5" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. melanoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in W National Park, western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FD1D39B3FD1322D4" box="[645,714,1699,1725]" name="Niger" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
. On the other hand, in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF278FFC4FBAC39B3FB4822D4" box="[1076,1169,1699,1725]" name="Senegal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Sine-Saloum), author JFT has not observed any tendency for the species to be associated with water bodies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1BD5B596F278FFC4FF5D39FFFE33239B" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF278FFC4FF5D39FFFE33239B" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FF5D39FFFEA02360" bold="true" box="[197,377,1775,1801]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Biogeography.</emphasis>
|
||
The historical biogeography of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF278FFC4FCB939E0FC4C2360" box="[801,917,1776,1801]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FCB939E0FC4C2360" box="[801,917,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Naja haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex is of considerable interest because of its widespread and fragmented distribution. Wüster
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FCD33807FC522359" box="[843,907,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007) used molecular dating to infer the historical biogeography of the cobras. The divergence between the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF278FFC4FC75382DFBB0233F" box="[1005,1129,1853,1878]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FC75382DFBB0233F" box="[1005,1129,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Naja haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF278FFC4FB62382DFABA233F" box="[1274,1379,1853,1878]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivea">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FB62382DFABA233F" box="[1274,1379,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. nivea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was estimated at approximately 12 Mya, and that between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF278FFC4FC8C3874FC682314" box="[788,945,1892,1917]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FC8C3874FC682314" box="[788,945,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. annulifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF278FFC4FC733874FBE62314" box="[1003,1087,1892,1917]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FC733874FBE62314" box="[1003,1087,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at approx. 7 Mya, albeit with wide confidence intervals. This estimated time of origin for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF278FFC4FC0E389BFC3423CD" box="[918,1005,1931,1956]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FC0E389BFC3423CD" box="[918,1005,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex corresponds closely to the late Miocene expansion of C4 grasslands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF278FFC4FD0838A1FCA423A2" author="Cerling" box="[656,893,1969,1995]" pageId="18" pageNumber="22" refString="Cerling, T. E., Harris, J. M., MacFadden, B. J., Leakey, M. G., Quade, J., Eisenmann, V. & Ehleringer, J. R. (2006) Global vegetation change through the Miocene / Pliocene boundary. Nature, 389, 153 - 158." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Cerling
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF278FFC4FD6A38A1FCF723A3" box="[754,814,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which may have favoured the spread of this clade of open-habitat cobras.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="07B0B695F279FFC5FF0F3916FE8D2229" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190433/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[188,1398,194,1518]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF279FFC5FF0F3916FE8D2229" blockId="19.[151,1436,1542,1600]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF279FFC5FF0F3916FECE2277" bold="true" box="[151,279,1542,1566]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 9</emphasis>
|
||
. Distribution of the constituent species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF279FFC5FC853917FC532277" box="[797,906,1543,1566]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF279FFC5FC853917FC532277" box="[797,906,1543,1566]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Naja haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. Hollow symbols represent unverified literature records.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1BD5B596F279FFC2FF5D3963FE682775" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF279FFC2FF5D3963FA9224B1" blockId="19.[151,1437,1650,2025]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,152,796]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF279FFC5FF5D3963FE4322E5" box="[197,410,1651,1676]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF279FFC5FF5D3963FE4322E5" box="[197,410,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Naja senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
joins the list of long-isolated species that appear to be endemic to the Sudano-Sahelian savannas of West Africa, exemplified also by snake species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF279FFC5FC453989FA4122DA" authority="Wuster et al., 2007" authorityName="Wuster et al." authorityYear="2007" box="[989,1432,1689,1715]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="katiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF279FFC5FC453989FB5522DB" box="[989,1164,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Naja katiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Wüster
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF279FFC5FB673989FAE422DB" box="[1279,1341,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF279FFC5FF0F39D0FE0F22B0" box="[151,470,1728,1753]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Atractaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dahomeyensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF279FFC5FF0F39D0FE0F22B0" box="[151,470,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Atractaspis dahomeyensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF279FFC5FD8B39D0FC3E22B3" authority="Trape & Mane, 2006" authorityName="Trape & Mane" authorityYear="2006" box="[531,999,1728,1754]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Atractaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="micropholis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF279FFC5FD8B39D0FD1F22B0" box="[531,710,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. micropholis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF279FFC5FD4E39D0FC0622B3" author="Trape" box="[726,991,1728,1754]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" refString="Trape, J. F. & Mane, Y. (2006) Guide des Serpents d'Afrique Occidentale. Savane et Desert. Paris, IRD Editions, 226 pp." type="book" year="2006">Trape & Mané, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF279FFC5FC6C39D0FF072368" authority="Trape & Mane, 2006" authorityName="Trape & Mane" authorityYear="2006" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Hemorrhois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorri">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF279FFC5FC6C39D0FB1722B0" box="[1012,1230,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hemorrhois dorri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF279FFC5FB4739D0FF0F2368" author="Trape" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" refString="Trape, J. F. & Mane, Y. (2006) Guide des Serpents d'Afrique Occidentale. Savane et Desert. Paris, IRD Editions, 226 pp." type="book" year="2006">Trape & Mané, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and lizards such as the gekkonid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF279FFC5FDEB39F7FC6F2369" box="[627,950,1767,1792]" class="Reptilia" family="Eublepharidae" genus="Hemitheconyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF279FFC5FDEB39F7FC6F2369" box="[627,950,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hemitheconyx caudicinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the agamid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF279FFC5FBE339F7FA902369" box="[1147,1353,1767,1792]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sankarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF279FFC5FBE339F7FA902369" box="[1147,1353,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Agama sankarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some other species, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF279FFC5FE02381DFD1F234F" box="[410,710,1805,1830]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Psammophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praeornatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF279FFC5FE02381DFD1F234F" box="[410,710,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Psammophis praeornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF279FFC5FD4D381DFC16234E" author="Trape" box="[725,975,1805,1831]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" refString="Trape, J. F. & Mane, Y. (2006) Guide des Serpents d'Afrique Occidentale. Savane et Desert. Paris, IRD Editions, 226 pp." type="book" year="2006">Trape & Mané, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF279FFC5FC43381DFB70234E" author="Kelly" box="[987,1193,1805,1831]" pageId="19" pageNumber="23" refString="Kelly, C. M. R., Barker, N. P., Villet, M. H., Broadley, D. G. & Branch, W. R. (2008) The snake family Psammophiidae (Reptilia: Serpentes): Phylogenetics and species delimitation in the African sand snakes (Psammophis Boie, 1825) and allied genera. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 47, 1045 - 1060." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Kelly
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF279FFC5FBBC381DFB87234F" box="[1060,1118,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF279FFC5FB72381DFA42234F" box="[1258,1435,1805,1830]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Echis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF279FFC5FB72381DFA42234F" box="[1258,1435,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Echis ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pook
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF279FFC5FF7E3824FEFA2324" box="[230,291,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, in press) also have primarily West African savanna distributions, although their ranges extend further east to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF279FFC5FEF7384AFD44231D" box="[367,669,1882,1908]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The reasons for the apparent isolation of multiple co-distributed West African savanna forms remain unclear, because, irrespective of Plio-Pleistocene fragmentation and expansion of the equatorial forests of Africa, a savanna connection would almost certainly have persisted between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF279FFC5FE9B38DFFEA22380" box="[259,379,1999,2025]" name="Sudan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">the Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Sahel savannas of West Africa and the open formations of East Africa. Additional molecular dating studies would be needed to ascertain whether these co-distributed West African savanna isolates result from a common event, or whether these distributions were established at different times.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5370E61DF27EFFC2FF5D3FF5FE682775" blockId="20.[151,1436,152,796]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The origin of the Arabian Peninsula populations of the complex appears to be a rather more recent event, most likely dating back to the late Pliocene/early Pleistocene, long after the initial opening of the Red Sea in the late Oligocene/early Miocene, or later Miocene land connections across the southern Red Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF27EFFC2FAB03E22FEFB251A" author="Bosworth" pageId="20" pageNumber="22" refString="Bosworth, W., Huchon, P., McClay, K. (2005) The Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Basins. Journal of African Earth Science, 43, 334 - 378." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Bosworth
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27EFFC2FF0F3E49FF0A251B" box="[151,211,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF27EFFC2FEB63E49FDE5251A" author="Fernandes" box="[302,572,345,371]" pageId="20" pageNumber="22" refString="Fernandes, C. A., Rohling, E. J. & Siddall, M. (2006) Absence of post-Miocene Red Sea land bridges: biogeographic implications. Journal of Biogeography, 33, 961 - 966." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Fernandes
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27EFFC2FE283E49FE35251B" box="[432,492,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Past phylogeographic studies have proposed a variety of different ages for trans-Red Sea relationships.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF27EFFC2FD893E90FC8A25F3" author="Amer" box="[529,851,384,410]" pageId="20" pageNumber="22" refString="Amer, S. A. M. & Kumazawa, Y. (2005) Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 85, 247 - 260." type="journal article" year="2005">Amer & Kumazawa (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
estimated an age of 11–15 My for the divergence between Arabian and African clades of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27EFFC2FDF43EB7FCA225A9" authority="Pook et al." authorityName="Pook et al." box="[620,891,422,448]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Uromastyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27EFFC2FDF43EB7FD3525A9" box="[620,748,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Uromastyx</emphasis>
|
||
, Pook
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27EFFC2FCD83EB7FCAD25A9" box="[832,884,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in press) estimated the split between African and Arabian clades of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27EFFC2FE483EDDFDA1258F" box="[464,632,461,486]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Echis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyramidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27EFFC2FE483EDDFDA1258F" box="[464,632,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">E. pyramidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex at 8 Mya, whereas
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF27EFFC2FC493EDDFB11258E" box="[977,1224,461,487]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" refString="Winney, B. J., Hammond, R. L., Macasero, W., Flores, B., Boug, A., Biquand, V. & Bruford, M. W. (2004) Crossing the Red Sea: phylogeography of the hamadryas baboon, Papio hamadryas hamadryas. Molecular Ecology, 13, 2819 - 2827." type="journal article">
|
||
Winney
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27EFFC2FBAD3EDDFBA8258F" box="[1077,1137,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
estimated a mid– late Pleistocene crossing of the Red Sea to explain the presence of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27EFFC2FC4C3EE4FB8A2667" ID-CoL="4CKZ5" box="[980,1107,500,526]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Papio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamadryas">hamadryas</taxonomicName>
|
||
baboon (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27EFFC2FB5A3EE4FA4B2664" ID-CoL="4CKZ5" box="[1218,1426,500,525]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Papio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamadryas">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27EFFC2FB5A3EE4FA4B2664" box="[1218,1426,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Papio hamadryas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in Arabia. The origin of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27EFFC2FE203D0AFD8D265A" box="[440,596,538,563]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27EFFC2FE203D0AFD8D265A" box="[440,596,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Naja arabica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to lie between these extremes, and was dated at approximately 1.75 Mya by Pook
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27EFFC2FEE23D51FE6C2633" box="[378,437,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(in press). The reciprocal monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27EFFC2FC043D51FBC32633" box="[924,1050,577,602]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27EFFC2FC043D51FBC32633" box="[924,1050,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">N. arabica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and all African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27EFFC2FB433D51FAE92633" box="[1243,1328,577,602]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27EFFC2FB433D51FAE92633" box="[1243,1328,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not allow the route of colonization from Africa to Arabia to be inferred:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CF9D9EF27EFFC2FC513D78FBC726E8" box="[969,1054,616,641]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
|
||
<emphasis id="61BB3A0FF27EFFC2FC513D78FBC726E8" box="[969,1054,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">N. haje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs both in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BD8A68DF27EFFC2FB403D78FAC726EB" box="[1240,1310,616,642]" name="Egypt" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
and in the Horn of Africa, so that dispersal either across the Sinai Peninsula into north-western Arabia or across the Bab- El-Mandab into southern Arabia remain tenable hypotheses. Additional mtDNA data from populations from the Horn of Africa might shed further light on the question of the origin of the Arabian populations of this complex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="375E9BECF27EFFC2FE933C12FE7D2775" author="Ineich" box="[267,420,770,796]" pageId="20" pageNumber="23" refString="Ineich, I. (2001) Reptiles et Amphibiens de la Republique de Djibouti. Bilan des Conaissances a l'Aube du Troisieme Millenaire. Rapport sur la mission herpetologique de Ivan Ineich, Avril 1999. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris." type="book chapter" year="2001">Ineich, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |