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<mods:title id="532FA1C78C3E1368BEA979CFEF172630">The reclassification of Sophiodela and other tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) based on the structure of the everted internal sac of the male genitalia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="04F0FB57D95294B6564AE4D95182A2AF">Fukuda, Yuki</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FB8A58567007E2BB2BB2C229E6D9B2A0">Kurayoshi, 111 - 8, Kamogawa-town, Tottori, 682 - 0923 Japan E-mail: yuki 03 go 3 @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="1D1C8783DF718E0F698632128B66FE22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4337406" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167293599" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4337406" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D1C8783DF718E0F698632128B66FE22" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D1C8783DF718E0F698632128B66FE22" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">
<subSubSection id="DDAF651EDF718E0D698632128A41F99B" box="[151,793,1616,1643]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="950A3695DF718E0D698632128A41F99B" blockId="21.[151,793,1616,1679]" box="[151,793,1616,1643]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">
<heading id="CE4281F9DF718E0D698632128A41F99B" box="[151,793,1616,1643]" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF718E0D698632128A41F99B" ID-CoL="PXDQ" authority="flavomaculata (Hope, 1831)" authorityName="flavomaculata (Hope" authorityYear="1831" baseAuthorityName="Hope" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[151,793,1616,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="flavomaculata" subSpecies="flavomaculata">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF718E0D698632128B2AF99A" box="[151,626,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">Calochroa flavomaculata flavomaculata</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF718E0D6B6832138A41F99B" bold="true" box="[633,793,1616,1642]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">
(
<bibRefCitation id="F1244B64DF718E0D6B9032138A48F99B" author="Hope, F. W." box="[641,784,1616,1642]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292" pagination="21 - 32" refId="ref18481" refString="Hope, F. W. (1831) Synopsis of the new species of Nepal insects in the collection of Major General Hardwicke. Zoological Miscellany, 1, 21 - 32." type="journal article" year="1831">Hope, 1831</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDAF651EDF718E0D698632378877F97E" box="[151,303,1652,1679]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292" type="description">
<paragraph id="950A3695DF718E0D698632378877F97E" blockId="21.[151,793,1616,1679]" box="[151,303,1652,1679]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">
(
<figureCitation id="0D8E2A10DF718E0D698E323789A3F97F" box="[159,251,1652,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1872,1897]" captionTargetBox="[152,1418,183,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,175,1854]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitus of Calochroa. A, Calochroa bicolor bicolor (Fabricius); B, Calochroa flavomaculata flavomaculata (Hope); C, Calochroa harmandi (Fleutiaux); D, Calochroa whithillii Hope; EF, Calochroa pseudosiamensis (Horn); G, Calochroa assamensis (Parry); H, Calochroa lacrymans (Schaum)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998540/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0D8E2A10DF718E0D68173236887FF97E" box="[262,295,1653,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1435,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Everted internal sac of Calochroa. A, Calochroa assamensis (Parry); B, C. hamiltoniana (Thomson); C, C. bicolor bicolor (Fabricius); D, C. fabriciana (Horn); E, C. flavomaculata (Hope). Scales: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998546/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">9E</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDAF651EDF718E0D698632FA8DE8F884" pageId="21" pageNumber="292" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="950A3695DF718E0D698632FA8B6DF920" blockId="21.[151,1113,1721,1837]" box="[151,565,1721,1745]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF718E0D698632FA8B69F920" ID-CoL="V86N" authority="Hope, 1831: 21" authorityName="Hope" authorityPageNumber="21" authorityYear="1831" box="[151,561,1721,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cicindela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavomaculata">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF718E0D698632FA88C9F920" box="[151,401,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">Cicindela flavomaculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F1244B64DF718E0D688632FA8B69F920" author="Hope, F. W." box="[407,561,1721,1745]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292" pagination="21 - 32" refId="ref18481" refString="Hope, F. W. (1831) Synopsis of the new species of Nepal insects in the collection of Major General Hardwicke. Zoological Miscellany, 1, 21 - 32." type="journal article" year="1831">Hope, 1831:21</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="950A3695DF718E0D698632948D01F901" blockId="21.[151,1113,1721,1837]" box="[151,1113,1751,1776]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5A511BBDF718E0D698632948D01F901" box="[151,1113,1751,1776]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF718E0D698632948B96F901" ID-CoL="5X7DS" authority="(Fabricius, 1775) sensu Rivalier" authorityName="sensu Rivalier" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[151,718,1751,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexpunctata">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF718E0D6986329488DAF91E" box="[151,386,1751,1775]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">Calochroa sexpunctata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F1244B64DF718E0D689E32948B68F901" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[399,560,1751,1776]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292" refId="ref17802" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1775) Systema Entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Kortii, Flensburgi et Lipsiae, xxxii + 832 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36510" type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775</bibRefCitation>
) sensu Rivalier
</taxonomicName>
[as a synonym by
<treatmentCitation id="14141084DF718E0D6A9D32948D16F901" author="Rivalier, E." box="[908,1102,1751,1776]" page="125" pageId="21" pageNumber="292" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="F1244B64DF718E0D6A9D32948D16F901" author="Rivalier, E." box="[908,1102,1751,1776]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292" pagination="121 - 149" refId="ref20230" refString="Rivalier, E. (1961) Demembrement du genre Cicindela Linne, IV. Faune indomalaise. Revue francaise d'Entomologie, 28, 121 - 149." type="journal article" year="1961">Rivalier 1961: 125</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="950A3695DF718E0D698632B58A3CF8FF" blockId="21.[151,1113,1721,1837]" box="[151,868,1781,1806]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF718E0D698632B58A39F8FF" ID-CoL="V86N" authority=": Acciavatti &amp; Pearson 1989: 117" authorityName="Acciavatti &amp; Pearson" authorityPageNumber="117" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,865,1781,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cicindela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavomaculata" subGenus="Calochroa">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF718E0D698632B589A2F8FF" box="[151,250,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">Cicindela</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF718E0D681932B5882BF8FF" box="[264,371,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">Calochroa</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF718E0D689232B58B4CF8FF" box="[387,532,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">flavomaculata</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="F1244B64DF718E0D6B3132B68A39F8FF" author="Acciavatti, R. E. &amp; Pearson, D. L." box="[544,865,1781,1806]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292" pagination="77 - 353" refId="ref17273" refString="Acciavatti, R. E. &amp; Pearson, D. L. (1989) The tiger beetle Genus Cicindela (Coleoptera, Insecta) from the indian subcontinent. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 58, 77 - 353." type="journal article" year="1989">Acciavatti &amp; Pearson 1989:117</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="950A3695DF718E0D698633568B3FF8DC" blockId="21.[151,1113,1721,1837]" box="[151,615,1812,1837]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF718E0D698633568B3BF8DC" ID-CoL="PXDQ" authority=": Wiesner 1992: 106" authorityName=": Wiesner" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,611,1812,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavomaculata">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF718E0D6986335688C2F8DC" box="[151,410,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">Calochroa flavomaculata</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="F1244B64DF718E0D68B633578B3BF8DC" author="Wiesner, J." box="[423,611,1812,1837]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292" refId="ref20965" refString="Wiesner, J. (1992) Checklist of the Tiger Beetles of the World. Verlag Erna Bauer, Keltern, 364 pp." type="book" year="1992">Wiesner 1992:106</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="950A3695DF718E0D698633198DE8F884" blockId="21.[151,1436,1882,2017]" box="[151,1200,1882,1910]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF718E0D6986331988CEF884" bold="true" box="[151,406,1882,1909]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
(N = 1)
<materialsCitation id="25DD3CC8DF718E0D68E633198DE8F884" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2848419313" box="[503,1200,1882,1910]" collectorName="M. Sato" country="Thailand" location="Khon Kaen" pageId="21" pageNumber="292" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Khon Kaen">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF718E0D68E633198B2FF884" bold="true" box="[503,631,1882,1909]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">
[
<collectingCountry id="EDA27605DF718E0D68EF33198B28F884" box="[510,624,1882,1909]" name="Thailand" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">Thailand</collectingCountry>
]
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="83B3FD1CDF718E0D6B6F33188BF8F884" box="[638,672,1883,1909]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F3A4AE50DF718E0D6BA133188BB5F884" box="[688,749,1883,1909]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">MHJ</collectionCode>
),
<collectingRegion id="5771F877DF718E0D6A1133188ADBF887" box="[768,899,1883,1910]" country="Thailand" name="Khon Kaen" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">Khon Kaen</collectingRegion>
, X-XII. 1972,
<collectorName id="38405343DF718E0D6D36331F8DD8F884" box="[1063,1152,1883,1910]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">M. Sato</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDAF651EDF718E0F69D633C38B66FE22" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="21" pageNumber="292" type="description">
<paragraph id="950A3695DF718E0D69D633C38BA9F84F" blockId="21.[151,1436,1882,2017]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF718E0D69D633C38813F868" box="[199,331,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">Description</emphasis>
. Internal sac everted dorsally in lateral view. DA largest in bladders; VA the second largest; VB the third largest; B same as large as BLR, DLL and VLR.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="950A3695DF718E0D69D633848DB9F810" blockId="21.[151,1436,1882,2017]" box="[199,1249,1991,2017]" pageId="21" pageNumber="292">VA roundly everted right laterally, vested numerously with short and weakly chitinous spines.</paragraph>
<caption id="C1CA661DDF728E0E698633DA8D72F824" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998546" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3998546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998546/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="293" startId="22.[151,250,1945,1970]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1920]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="950A3695DF728E0E698633DA8D72F824" blockId="22.[151,1436,1945,2006]" pageId="22" pageNumber="293">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF728E0E698633DA884AF843" bold="true" box="[151,274,1945,1970]" pageId="22" pageNumber="293">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Everted internal sac of
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF728E0E6B1333D98B35F843" authorityName=", Hope" authorityYear="1838" box="[514,621,1946,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF728E0E6B1333D98B35F843" box="[514,621,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="293">Calochroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A,
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF728E0E6B8733D98A92F843" authority="(Parry)" baseAuthorityName="Parry" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[662,970,1946,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assamensis">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF728E0E6B8733D98A22F843" box="[662,890,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="293">Calochroa assamensis</emphasis>
(Parry)
</taxonomicName>
; B,
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF728E0E6AE033D98C57F843" authority="(Thomson)" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" box="[1009,1295,1945,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamiltoniana">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF728E0E6AE033D98DCDF843" box="[1009,1173,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="293">C. hamiltoniana</emphasis>
(Thomson)
</taxonomicName>
; C,
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF728E0E6C2733D98801F827" authority="bicolor (Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bicolor" subSpecies="bicolor">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF728E0E6C2733D989B8F827" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="293">C. bicolor bicolor</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
; D,
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF728E0E689333FD8B0FF827" authority="(Horn)" baseAuthorityName="Horn" box="[386,599,1982,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabriciana">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF728E0E689333FD8B52F827" box="[386,522,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="293">C. fabriciana</emphasis>
(Horn)
</taxonomicName>
; E,
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF728E0E6B6F33FD8A26F827" authority="(Hope)" baseAuthorityName="Hope" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[638,894,1982,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavomaculata">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF728E0E6B6F33FD8A75F827" box="[638,813,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="293">C. flavomaculata</emphasis>
(Hope)
</taxonomicName>
. Scales: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="950A3695DF738E0F69D634DA8AAFFEEE" blockId="23.[151,1437,153,467]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">VLR roundly everted apically. DA semicircular swollen right latero-dorsally. DLL roundly swollen basally. VB roundly swollen left latero-ventrally, vested numerously with short spines. BLR roundly swollen left laterally, vested numerously with short and weakly chitinous spines. B swollen right laterally. Flagellum very long and thin, S-shaped. Medial tooth short and dextral extending apically, curved abruptly.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="950A3695DF738E0F69D6356A8B66FE22" blockId="23.[151,1437,153,467]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF738E0F69D6356A8869FEB2" box="[199,305,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species shares the characteristics of the position of each bladder with
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF738E0F6D88356A8C33FEB2" authorityName=": Wiesner" authorityYear="1992" box="[1177,1387,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF738E0F6D88356A8C33FEB2" box="[1177,1387,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">Calochroa bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF738E0F6986350E8876FE96" box="[151,302,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabriciana">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF738E0F6986350E8876FE96" box="[151,302,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">C. fabriciana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF738E0F6B48350E8B94FE96" authorityName=": Wiesner" authorityYear="1992" box="[601,716,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF738E0F6B48350E8B94FE96" box="[601,716,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">C. bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following characteristics: VA everted right laterally; VB vested with short spines; B roundly swollen; medial tooth curved abruptly. It also differs from
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF738E0F6DAB35328C08FE7A" box="[1210,1360,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabriciana">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF738E0F6DAB35328C08FE7A" box="[1210,1360,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">C. fabriciana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following characteristics: VA long everted; DLL without spines; VB vested with long spines; B roundly swollen; medial tooth short extending apically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>