150 lines
14 KiB
XML
150 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.1095032" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b97fd151-e825-47df-8472-cf628646d260" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1095032" approvalRequired="24" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="23" checkinTime="1509025595032" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Paul, G. S." docDate="1988" docId="03EB9567FFF75F21FCAC73B1D711FD29" docLanguage="en" docName="Paul1988_Predatory Dinosaurs of the World_(almost done)pdf.imf" docOrigin="Predatory Dinosaurs of the World, New York: Touchstone Books" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Albertosaurus megagracilis Paul, 1988, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="23" lastPageNumber="336" masterDocId="FFD2ED1FFFFD5F2CFFB67B6FD320FFCB" masterDocTitle="Predatory Dinosaurs of the World" masterLastPageNumber="349" masterPageNumber="323" pageNumber="333" updateTime="1673869445587" updateUser="jeremy">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Predatory Dinosaurs of the World</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Paul, G. S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>1988</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">1988-12-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Touchstone Books</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>New York</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Predatory Dinosaurs of the World</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>323</mods:start>
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<mods:end>349</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.1095032</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b97fd151-e825-47df-8472-cf628646d260</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1095032</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3483012" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137294938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3483012" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EB9567FFF75F21FCAC73B1D711FD29" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB9567FFF75F21FCAC73B1D711FD29" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="336" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">
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<subSubSection box="[794,1712,2270,2309]" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[794,1830,2268,2409]" box="[794,1712,2270,2309]" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" box="[794,1484,2270,2309]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megagracilis" status="sp. nov.">ALBERTOSAURUS MEGAGRACILIS</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1496,1712,2270,2309]" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[798,1754,2320,2359]" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[794,1830,2268,2409]" box="[798,1754,2320,2359]" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">
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type and best specimen—
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1699979728" box="[1294,1533,2320,2359]" collectionCode="LACM" country="United States" formation="Hell Creek Formation" geologicalContext="latest Maastrichtian of the latest Late Cretaceous" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" preperations="partial skeleton" specimenCode="LACM 23845" stateProvince="Montana" typeStatus="Type">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
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(subadult?)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[799,1830,2370,2409]" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[794,1830,2268,2409]" box="[799,1830,2370,2409]" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">time—latest Maastrichtian of the latest Late Cretaceous</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[185,1343,147,186]" pageId="11" pageNumber="334" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[184,1343,147,236]" box="[185,1343,147,186]" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">horizon and distribution—Hell Creek Formation of Montana</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[184,920,197,236]" pageId="11" pageNumber="334" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[184,1343,147,236]" box="[184,920,197,236]" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">
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MAIN ANATOMICAL STUDY—
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<treatmentCitation author="Molnar" box="[681,920,197,236]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392879F-D075-3E40-59A7-FBF7F8E8DAC8" pageId="11" pageNumber="334" year="1978">Molnar, 1978</treatmentCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="334">
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<table box="[185,723,254,437]" gridcols="2" gridrows="3" inLine="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">
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<tr box="[185,723,254,336]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">
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<th box="[185,494,254,336]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">SKULL LENGTH— —</th>
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<th box="[527,723,254,336]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">Type ~ ~900 900 mm</th>
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</tr>
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<tr box="[185,723,348,387]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">
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<td box="[185,494,348,387]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">TOTAL LENGTH— —</td>
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<td box="[527,723,348,387]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">—7.5 m m</td>
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</tr>
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<tr box="[185,723,398,437]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">
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<td box="[185,494,398,437]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">TONNAGE— —</td>
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<td box="[527,723,398,437]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">~ ~ 1.7 1.7</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="334" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[186,1382,477,1712]" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">
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In describing the one partial skeleton, Ralph Molnar tentatively assigned it to the contemporary A. lancensis. While looking over the remains I became convinced that they are much too big and too immature—the poorly ossified elements and moderate sized transverse crest atop the braincase suggest it was not fully grown—to belong in the much smaller species. This animal is clearly not
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[402,682,804,843]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
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either. The next question is whether it is
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[270,472,859,898]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
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or A. arctunguis. The LACM animal’s extremely atrophied forelimbs, down-bent nasals, very long snout, and long hind limbs strongly indicate that it is not. A new species is therefore named, one that describes its combination of large size and gracile build. In fact, this species probably got as big as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1223,1381,1076,1115]" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">A. libratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Not enough is known to allow a skeletal restoration.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="336" pageId="11" pageNumber="334" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[186,1382,477,1712]" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" box="[265,554,1185,1224]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megagracilis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[265,299,1185,1224]" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">A</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[320,554,1185,1224]" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">megagracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar to and may be a direct descendant of the earlier
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<emphasis box="[428,462,1239,1278]" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">A</emphasis>
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. arctunguis, which in turn may be a direct descendant of the yet earlier
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[631,837,1293,1332]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[631,665,1293,1332]" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">A</emphasis>
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. libratus
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</taxonomicName>
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. So these three species may represent a lineage in which size and basic design remained remarkably consistent, but the legs became increasingly long, the arms ever smaller, the snout longer, and the form overall more gracile.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[186,1382,477,1712]" lastBlockId="13.[182,1380,153,739]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="336" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">
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Not only are the hand claws small, but their very small tubers for muscle insertion show that the arm was very weak.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megagracilis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[1339,1371,1618,1657]" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">A</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[187,421,1672,1711]" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">megagracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is more advanced than even
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[980,1331,1672,1711]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">Tyrannosaurus rex</taxonomicName>
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in forelimb reduction, and this indicates that given a little more time albertosaurs would have abandoned them altogether.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3756702" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3756702" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3756702/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="334" targetBox="[1440,1993,1378,1720]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[1412,1934,1777,1858]" pageId="11" pageNumber="334">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1413,1791,1777,1817]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">Albertosaurus libratus</taxonomicName>
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? AMNH 5664juvenile
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[182,1380,153,739]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">
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Time it did not have, for the rarity
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" box="[905,1230,265,304]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megagracilis" status="sp. nov.">
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ofA.
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<emphasis box="[999,1230,265,304]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">megagracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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relative to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[235,347,319,358]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
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suggests that, like many other latest Cretaceous dinosaurs, it was in trouble. If so, then the big albertosaur lineage may have been doomed even if the great extinction had not taken place. This lineage’s decline seems to have been due to the lessening numbers of their preferred prey, duckbills, in Maastrichtian time, not because the genus was intrinsically inferior to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[183,468,644,683]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
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. Aside from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[704,810,644,683]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
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, the competitor of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megagracilis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[1151,1379,644,683]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">A. megagracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was the small and equally rare
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[844,1068,699,738]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">
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<emphasis box="[844,882,699,738]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">A.</emphasis>
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lancensis
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |