733 lines
134 KiB
XML
733 lines
134 KiB
XML
<document id="C3BE84A7DC55986195D67A27A5599F60" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5040.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5530885" ID-ZooBank="519AA954-9B8F-4903-8379-E30704ABC375" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1632745375148" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R., Maggioni, Davide & Di Camillo, Cristina G." docDate="2021" docId="0393994DFFDC0D0E7A90032DFC87FDC5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5040.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5040 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sciurella indivisa Allman 1883" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFAAE135FFD80D037A07010FFF9DFFA7" masterDocTitle="Towards a better understanding of the genus Sciurella Allman, 1883 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Plumulariidae): evidence from an integrative study" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1699415334780" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="457B7614F4131C42A72D88333B748D0F">Towards a better understanding of the genus Sciurella Allman, 1883 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Plumulariidae): evidence from an integrative study</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="974B83552D02481DB93B6602DA82C7C8">Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="477396D9C00A0F8E1656C69159C81436">Hydrozoan Research Laboratory, 405 Chemin Les Gatiers, 83170 Tourves, France.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E0B24B43043C192C91095BDB32CFDE79">Maggioni, Davide</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5EF3703BA783CF2BF4ADCCB1582CF2B8">Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Terra, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy. davide. maggioni @ unimib. it; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0508 - 3987 & Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Marine and High Education (MaRHE) Center, 12030 Faafu Magoodhoo, Republic of the Maldives.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="955208E017EA885E07DD7D480859E020" type="email">davide.maggioni@unimib.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="CED2BB25FA5AA52E9D6A6DF089B9283E">Di Camillo, Cristina G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A74579ABCC30AFAA2BE2C3BA2BFED71B">Università Politecnica delle Marche, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita et dell’Ambiente, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy. c. dicamillo @ univpm. it; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4031 - 8158</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFDC0D077A90032DFD8AFD9B" ID-CoL="8KDL6" authority="Allman, 1883" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,535,546,573]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Sciurella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
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<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDC0D077A90032DFEF6FD9A" bold="true" box="[151,363,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sciurella indivisa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D077B77032DFD8AFD9B" author="Allman, G. J." box="[368,535,546,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref14293" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman, 1883</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDC0D077A900348FF66FDC6" box="[151,251,583,609]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1919,1943]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,250,1593,1617]" captionStartId-4="9.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionStartId-5="10.[151,250,1401,1425]" captionStartId-6="11.[151,250,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,179,1622]" captionTargetBox-1="[371,1216,203,1896]" captionTargetBox-2="[153,1433,183,1103]" captionTargetBox-3="[154,1433,181,1563]" captionTargetBox-4="[211,1376,181,1837]" captionTargetBox-5="[155,1429,186,1369]" captionTargetBox-6="[195,1392,181,1882]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@5.[151,1435,179,1623]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@6.[371,1216,181,1896]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetId-3="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1569]" captionTargetId-4="figure-17@9.[211,1376,181,1837]" captionTargetId-5="figure-20@10.[151,1436,181,1377]" captionTargetId-6="figure-17@11.[195,1392,181,1882]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionTargetPageId-5="10" captionTargetPageId-6="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. In situ photographs of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Colony from Bunaken. B. Fertile stem from Sebayur Kecil Island, Komodo National Park (photo courtesy of Lindsay Warren). C, D. Details of a fertile stem from Bunaken showing many gonothecae with their branched blastostyles and embryos developing in brooding chambers formed by the thecae with the stem." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Details of four different stems of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883, showing variation in the arrangement of cladia: verticils of three (A), irregular (B), alternate (C), bipinnate (D). From samples: MNHN H.L. 1373 (A – type material) and MHNG-INVE-0137405 (B–D); stems in A and B are fertile (portions with gonothecae not shown). Scale bar: 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Structure of the stem in Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Internode (only the “frontal” cladia are shown). B–D. Three stem apophyses supporting cladia, with (B) or without (C, D) proximal nematothecate internode (N.B.: Only the “frontal” pair of axillar nematothecae is depicted in B–D). E. Detail of the axil of a stem apophysis in apical view, showing mamelon and lateral pairs of nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, E), MNHN H.L. 1373 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–E = 200 µm; A = 500 µm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Cormidia of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A–F. Various cormidia in frontal (A) and lateral (B–F) aspects. G–K. Lateral (G, I, J) and mesial (H, K) nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, I–K), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D, G, H – type material), MNHN H.L. 1373 (E – type material). Specimen in F is redrawn from Schuchert (2015, as Nemertesia sp. 1). Scale bars: G–K = 50 µm; A–F = 200 µm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. SEM study of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883 (part). A. Portion of stem. B, C. Two close-ups showing the pattern of the insertion of cladia. D. Detail of a stem apophysis supporting a cladium, showing its associated nematothecae. E–G. Three cormidia in various views. H. Cross-section through both a stem and a gonotheca, showing the canaliculate coenosarc and ramified blastostyle, respectively. All from sample MHNG-INVE-0137405." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Gonotheca of S. indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Portion of fully fertile stem. B–D. Gonothecae seen frontally (B, D) and laterally (C); note aperture in C (arrowhead). From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–D = 300 µm; A = 500 µm." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. SEM study of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883 (continued). A. Portion of a fully fertile stem. B–F. Detailed views showing the morphology of the gonothecae. G. Close-up of the dorsal side of a gonotheca, showing the distinctive spines and their associated nematothecae. H. Detail of a nematotheca. All from sample MHNG-INVE-0137405." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530887" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530891" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530893" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530895" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530897" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530899" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530901" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5530887/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5530891/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5530893/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5530895/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5530897/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/5530899/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/5530901/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1–7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDC0D077B010348FEB9FDC6" box="[262,292,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1952,1976]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,387,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-125@26.[208,1380,381,1929]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 19. Geographical distribution of Sciurella spp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530925/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">19</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDC0D077B370348FED2FDC6" box="[304,335,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[221,1366,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[221,1366,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 20. Plumulariidae phylogenetic hypothesis showing the position of Sciurella species (highlighted) in the family. Numbers at nodes show Bayesian posterior probabilities, maximum likelihood bootstrap values, and maximum parsimony bootstrap values, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530927/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">20</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6B81DE0FFDC0D077B5C0348FE33FDC6" box="[347,430,583,609]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="22.[151,235,477,502]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparative measurements (in µm) of the species discussed herein. N. A. stands for not available, ø for diameter, and “hyd” for hydrotheca. The asterisk indicates that the same measurements were indicated by Billard in his 1910 and 1913 works on Challenger and Siboga hydroids, respectively; consequently, it is not possible to attribute these measurements to one of them with certainty." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Table 2</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDC0D077A900384FED4FD04" box="[151,329,651,675]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sciurella indivisa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D077B490384FE6BFD04" author="Allman, G. J." box="[334,502,651,675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref14293" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman, 1883: 9</bibRefCitation>
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, 15, 23, 26, pl. 5 figs 1–4.—
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D07791D0384FC30FD04" author="Allman, G. J." box="[794,941,651,675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref14375" refString="Allman, G. J. (1888) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. The Tubularinae, Corymorphinae, Campanularinae, Sertularinae and Thalamophora. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the year 1873 - 76, Zoology, 23 (70), 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1888">Allman, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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: lxv, lxix.—
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D077E2F0384FA89FD04" author="Kirkpatrick, R." box="[1064,1300,651,675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="603 - 626" refId="ref15601" refString="Kirkpatrick, R. (1890) Hydroida and Polyzoa. In: Reports on the zoological collections made in Torres Straits by Professor A. C. Haddon, 1888 - 1889. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society, New Series, 6 (10), 603 - 626." type="journal article" year="1890">Kirkpatrick, 1890: 609</bibRefCitation>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9B0E4AFFDC0D077F350384FE1BFD65" author="von Lendenfeld, R." page="479" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1885">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D077F350384FE1BFD65" author="von Lendenfeld, R." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="467 - 492" refId="ref16789" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1885 a) The Australian hydromedusae. Part IV. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 9, 467 - 492." type="journal article" year="1885">von Lendenfeld, 1885a: 479</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9B0E4AFFDC0D077BA303A5FD58FD65" author="von Lendenfeld, R." box="[420,709,682,706]" page="626" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1885">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D077BA303A5FD58FD65" author="von Lendenfeld, R." box="[420,709,682,706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="581 - 634" refId="ref16821" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1885 b) The Australian hydromedusae. Part V. - Conclusion. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 9, 581 - 634." type="journal article" year="1885">von Lendenfeld, 1885b: 626</bibRefCitation>
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.—
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|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D0778E403A5FB99FD65" author="von Lendenfeld, R." box="[739,1028,682,706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="616 - 672" refId="ref16856" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1885 c) Uber Coelenteraten der Sudsee. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 41, 616 - 672." type="journal article" year="1885">von Lendenfeld, 1885c: 644</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B0E4AFFDC0D077E2603A5FAB5FD65" author="von Lendenfeld, R." box="[1057,1320,682,706]" page="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1887">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D077E2603A5FAB5FD65" author="von Lendenfeld, R." box="[1057,1320,682,706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref16881" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1887) Descriptive catalogue of the medusae of the Australian seas. In two parts. Part II. - Hydromedusae. Charles Potter, Sydney, 49 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1771" type="book" year="1887">von Lendenfeld, 1887: 28</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D077F4003A5FA01FD65" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[1351,1436,682,706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref16324" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Special Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 4 (1), 1 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1327" type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting,</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFDC0D077AC003C6FA00FD46" blockId="4.[151,1437,651,921]" box="[199,1437,712,737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
1900: 15, 31.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D077B6C03C7FDB2FD47" author="Billard, A." box="[363,559,712,737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="758 - 760" refId="ref14712" refString="Billard, A. (1908) Sur les Plumulariidae de la collection du Challenger. Comptes Rendus des Seances Hebdomadaires de l'Academie des Sciences de Paris, 147, 758 - 760." type="journal article" year="1908">Billard, 1908: 759</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D07784A03C7FC99FD47" author="Bedot, M." box="[589,772,712,736]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 394" refId="ref14558" refString="Bedot, M. (1916) Materiaux pour servir a l'histoire des Hydroides. 5 e periode (1881 - 1890). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 24 (1), 1 - 394." type="journal article" year="1916">Bedot, 1916: 196</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D07792503C7FC52FD46" author="Bedot, M." box="[802,975,712,737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="15 - 52" refId="ref14596" refString="Bedot, M. (1917). Le genre Nemertesia. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, 39 (1), 15 - 52." type="journal article" year="1917">Bedot, 1917: 17</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 18.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D077E1303C7FB56FD46" author="Bedot, M." box="[1044,1227,712,737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 376" refId="ref14629" refString="Bedot, M. (1918) Materiaux pour servir a l'histoire des Hydroides. 6 e periode (1891 a 1900). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 26 (Supplement), 1 - 376." type="journal article" year="1918">Bedot, 1918: 231</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D077EEE03C6FA00FD46" author="Van Praet, M." box="[1257,1437,713,737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="871 - 940" refId="ref16743" refString="Van Praet, M. (1979) Les types de polypes d'hydraires conserves au Museum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Series 4, 1, Section A (4), 871 - 940." type="journal article" year="1979">Van Praët, 1979:</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3207BD0FFDC0D077AC003E8FB3AFC3F" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFDC0D077AC003E8FA00FCB9" blockId="4.[151,1437,651,921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
933.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D077B0B03E8FDA7FD58" author="Di Camillo, C. G. & Bavestrello, G. & Valisano, L. & Puce, S." box="[268,570,743,767]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1589 - 1599" refId="ref15147" refString="Di Camillo, C. G., Bavestrello, G., Valisano, L. & Puce, S. (2008) Spatial and temporal distribution in a tropical hydroid assemblage. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88 (8), 1589 - 1599. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315408002981" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Di Camillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDC0D077B8303E7FE2CFD58" box="[388,433,743,767]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2008: 1592
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFDC0D077A900209FEFCFCB9" box="[151,353,774,798]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Nemertesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDC0D077A900209FEFCFCB9" box="[151,353,774,798]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nemertesia indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D077B7B0209FDBBFCB9" author="Billard, A." box="[380,550,774,798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref14746" refString="Billard, A. (1910) Revision d'une partie de la collection des hydroides du British Museum. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Series 9, 11, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1910">Billard, 1910: 38</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D0778420209FD69FCB9" author="Billard, A." box="[581,756,774,798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref14817" refString="Billard, A. (1913) Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie, 7 a, 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913: 60</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 50.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D0779580209FC62FCB9" author="Bedot, M." box="[863,1023,774,798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="15 - 52" refId="ref14596" refString="Bedot, M. (1917). Le genre Nemertesia. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, 39 (1), 15 - 52." type="journal article" year="1917">Bedot, 1917: 18</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D077E190209FAB8FCB9" author="Bouillon, J. & Gravili, C. & Pages, F. & Gili, J. M. & Boero, F." box="[1054,1317,774,798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 591" refId="ref14869" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J. M. & Boero, F. (2006) An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 194, 1 - 591." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDC0D077E870208FB30FCB9" box="[1152,1197,774,798]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2006: 369
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D077F450209FA00FCB9" author="Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W." box="[1346,1437,774,798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="116 - 158" refId="ref16563" refString="Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W. (2006) Nemertesia tropica spec. nov. from Indonesian waters near Bali; Description of the new species and a review of the genus Nemertesia Lamouroux, 1812 (Leptothecata, Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 80 - 1 (9), 116 - 158." type="journal article" year="2006">Ramil &</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFDC0D077AC0022AFB3AFC3F" blockId="4.[151,1437,651,921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Vervoort, 2006: 123.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFDC0D077A90024BFEA1FCFC" box="[151,316,835,859]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Nemertesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDC0D077A90024BFE97FCFC" box="[151,266,836,859]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nemertesia</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 1
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D077B50024CFDA9FCFC" author="Schuchert, P." box="[343,564,835,859]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="325 - 370" refId="ref16695" refString="Schuchert, P. (2015) On some hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Okinawa Islands, Japan. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 122 (2), 325 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 30004" type="journal article" year="2015">Schuchert, 2015: 348</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 20. non
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFDC0D077AC3026DFEE9FCDD" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[196,372,866,890]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Sciurella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDC0D077AC3026DFEE9FCDD" box="[196,372,866,890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sciurella indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—Kirckpatrick, 1890: 604, 609 [=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFDC0D0778D0026DFB1EFCDD" authority="(Kirchenpauer, 1876)" authorityName="Galea & Maggioni & Di Camillo" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Kirchenpauer" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[727,1155,866,890]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Sciurella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDC0D0778D0026DFC02FCDD" box="[727,927,866,890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sciurella cylindrica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D0779AC026DFBE6FCDD" author="Kirchenpauer, G. H." box="[939,1147,866,890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref15556" refString="Kirchenpauer, G. H. (1876) Ueber die Hydroidenfamilie Plumularidae, einzelne Gruppen derselben und ihre Fruchtbehalter. II. Plumularia und Nemertesia. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, Hamburg, 6 (2), 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1876">Kirchenpauer, 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. non
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFDC0D077AC3028EFE10FC3F" box="[196,397,896,920]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Nemertesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDC0D077AC3028EFE10FC3F" box="[196,397,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nemertesia indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D077BAF028FFD1CFC3F" author="Schuchert, P." box="[424,641,896,921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="137 - 256" refId="ref16625" refString="Schuchert, P. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish expedition to the Kei Islands. Steenstrupia, 27 (2), 137 - 256." type="journal article" year="2003">Schuchert, 2003: 215</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 63 [=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFDC0D0778F6028FFB00FC3F" authority="(Kirchenpauer, 1876)" authorityName="Galea & Maggioni & Di Camillo" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Kirchenpauer" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[753,1181,896,920]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Sciurella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDC0D0778F6028FFC24FC3F" box="[753,953,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sciurella cylindrica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D0779C1028FFB08FC3F" author="Kirchenpauer, G. H." box="[966,1173,896,920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref15556" refString="Kirchenpauer, G. H. (1876) Ueber die Hydroidenfamilie Plumularidae, einzelne Gruppen derselben und ihre Fruchtbehalter. II. Plumularia und Nemertesia. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, Hamburg, 6 (2), 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1876">Kirchenpauer, 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3207BD0FFDC0D077A9002C9FB2BFA36" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFDC0D077A9002C9FB2BFA36" blockId="4.[151,1437,966,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDC0D077A9002C9FE1FFC47" bold="true" box="[151,386,966,992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2BB09EFFDC0D077B8E02C8FE42FC46" box="[393,479,967,993]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
H.L. 1373,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D68CBFFDC0D07786002C8FD4CFC46" box="[615,721,967,993]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, QLD, Cape
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FEE6B9FFDC0D07796102C8FC3DFC46" box="[870,928,967,993]" country="United Kingdom" name="York" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">York</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FEE6B9FFDC0D0779AB02C8FB89FC46" box="[940,1044,967,993]" country="United Kingdom" name="Somerset" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Somerset</collectingRegion>
|
||
Island: a slide mounted by A. Billard containing a
|
||
<quantity id="4CC285BEFFDC0D077B5A02E4FE37FBA2" box="[349,426,1003,1029]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="2.4">2.4 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, unstained stem fragment bearing distally a gonotheca [this is part of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548196F9FFDC0D077F2302E4FAC9FBA2" box="[1316,1364,1003,1029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material housed in the Natural History Museum, London,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D68CBFFDC0D0778F10500FCBFFB8E" box="[758,802,1039,1065]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
; the slide is labelled in Billard’s handwriting «
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFDC0D077F3F0500FEA5FBEA" authority="Allm." authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Sciurella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDC0D077F3F0500FF6DFBEA" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sciurella indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
Allm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<typeStatus id="548196F9FFDC0D077B56053CFE1CFBEA" box="[337,385,1075,1101]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
|
||
du Challenger /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFDC0D077845053CFCE3FBE9" authority="(Allm.)" baseAuthorityName="Allman" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[578,894,1075,1102]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Nemertesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDC0D077845053CFCBEFBEA" box="[578,803,1075,1101]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nemertesia indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
(Allm.)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FF840E9BFFDC0D07799F053DFC67FBEA" box="[920,1018,1074,1101]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1908-10-09">9.X.1908</date>
|
||
].—
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2BB09EFFDC0D077E23053DFB1FFBEA" box="[1060,1154,1074,1101]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
H.L. 1374: a slide (with the same label as the preceding one) mounted by A. Billard, containing three unstained cladia, of which one was detached from the stem together with its apophysis and a pair of gonothecae.—MHNG-INVE-0137405,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D68CBFFDC0D077F2F0574FA05FB32" box="[1320,1432,1147,1173]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FEE6B9FFDC0D077A900590FED5FB1E" box="[151,328,1183,1209]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">North Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, North Minahasa Regency, Bunaken Marine Park, Manado Tua I., 1.623017°, 124.714263°,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC285BEFFDC0D077F5B0591FA0AFB1E" box="[1372,1431,1182,1209]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF840E9BFFDC0D077A9005CDFEB2FB7A" box="[151,303,1218,1245]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2005-02-15">15 Feb. 2005</date>
|
||
: several stems and fragments up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC285BEFFDC0D0778C605CDFC8DFB7A" box="[705,784,1218,1245]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="8.5">8.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, detached from substrate above insertion on hydrorhiza; a
|
||
<quantity id="4CC285BEFFDC0D077A9005E9FF53FAA6" box="[151,206,1254,1281]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high stem bears distally many female gonothecae, the others are sterile.—MHNG-INVE-0137406,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D68CBFFDC0D077F2F05E8FA05FAA6" box="[1320,1432,1255,1281]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FEE6B9FFDC0D077A900404FED7FA82" box="[151,330,1291,1317]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">North Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, North Minahasa Regency, Bunaken Marine Park, Siladen I., 1.626414°, 124.802058°,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC285BEFFDC0D077F320404FAEFFA82" box="[1333,1394,1291,1317]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF840E9BFFDC0D077F870404FE90FAEE" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2005-02-20">20 Feb. 2005</date>
|
||
: several stems and fragments up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC285BEFFDC0D0778A00420FD69FAEE" box="[679,756,1327,1353]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="6.4">6.4 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, all sterile.—MHNG-INVE-0091092,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D68CBFFDC0D077EEF0420FAB6FAEE" box="[1256,1323,1327,1353]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FEE6B9FFDC0D077F300420FA01FAEE" box="[1335,1436,1327,1353]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
I., 26.713720°, 127.878600°,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC285BEFFDC0D077BE2045CFDBDFACA" box="[485,544,1363,1389]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="29.0">29 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF840E9BFFDC0D07782B045CFD5DFACA" box="[556,704,1363,1389]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2008-06-19">19 Jun. 2008</date>
|
||
: DNA extracted from a portion of colony identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDC0D077F2B045CFF7FFA36" author="Schuchert, P." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="325 - 370" refId="ref16695" refString="Schuchert, P. (2015) On some hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Okinawa Islands, Japan. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 122 (2), 325 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 30004" type="journal article" year="2015">Schuchert (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFDC0D077B000478FE5EFA36" box="[263,451,1399,1425]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Nemertesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDC0D077B000478FE1AFA37" box="[263,391,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nemertesia</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 1
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, GenBank:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9469B5B8FFDC0D07784E0478FD5AFA36" box="[585,711,1399,1425]" httpUri="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MZ099712" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="GenBank">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2BB09EFFDC0D07784E0478FDEEFA36" box="[585,627,1399,1425]" country="0" name="Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy of Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MZ</collectionCode>
|
||
099712
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
(16S),
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9469B5B8FFDC0D07791D0479FC04FA36" box="[794,921,1398,1425]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ348925" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2BB09EFFDC0D07791D0479FCD9FA36" box="[794,836,1398,1425]" country="0" name="Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy of Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MZ</collectionCode>
|
||
348925
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
(18S),
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9469B5B8FFDC0D0779EB0479FBF4FA36" box="[1004,1129,1398,1425]" httpUri="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MZ099659" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="GenBank">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2BB09EFFDC0D0779EB0479FB8BFA36" box="[1004,1046,1398,1425]" country="0" name="Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy of Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MZ</collectionCode>
|
||
099659
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
(28S).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3207BD0FFDC0D047AC00495FB69F81C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFDC0D047AC00495FB69F81C" blockId="4.[151,1437,966,2037]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,1341,1980]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDC0D077AC00495FEC4FA13" bold="true" box="[199,345,1434,1460]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies forming clumps of several stems growing on dead corals, with no evident hydrorhizae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDC0D077AA704B0FF65FA7E" box="[160,248,1471,1497]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1435,179,1623]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ photographs of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Colony from Bunaken. B. Fertile stem from Sebayur Kecil Island, Komodo National Park (photo courtesy of Lindsay Warren). C, D. Details of a fertile stem from Bunaken showing many gonothecae with their branched blastostyles and embryos developing in brooding chambers formed by the thecae with the stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530887/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
); stems up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC285BEFFDC0D077B9404B1FE42FA7E" box="[403,479,1470,1497]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="8.5">8.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, simple or forked, monosiphonic, with canaliculate coenosarc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDC0D077EDC04B0FAA9FA7E" box="[1243,1332,1470,1497]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,181,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[211,1376,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM study of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883 (part). A. Portion of stem. B, C. Two close-ups showing the pattern of the insertion of cladia. D. Detail of a stem apophysis supporting a cladium, showing its associated nematothecae. E–G. Three cormidia in various views. H. Cross-section through both a stem and a gonotheca, showing the canaliculate coenosarc and ramified blastostyle, respectively. All from sample MHNG-INVE-0137405." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530897/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
|
||
), divided into a regular succession of moderately long internodes by means of deep, transverse constrictions of the perisarc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDC0D077A980708FE83F986" box="[159,286,1543,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[371,1216,203,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[371,1216,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of four different stems of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883, showing variation in the arrangement of cladia: verticils of three (A), irregular (B), alternate (C), bipinnate (D). From samples: MNHN H.L. 1373 (A – type material) and MHNG-INVE-0137405 (B–D); stems in A and B are fertile (portions with gonothecae not shown). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530891/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 2B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDC0D077B2D0709FEECF986" box="[298,369,1542,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,181,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[211,1376,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM study of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883 (part). A. Portion of stem. B, C. Two close-ups showing the pattern of the insertion of cladia. D. Detail of a stem apophysis supporting a cladium, showing its associated nematothecae. E–G. Three cormidia in various views. H. Cross-section through both a stem and a gonotheca, showing the canaliculate coenosarc and ramified blastostyle, respectively. All from sample MHNG-INVE-0137405." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530897/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
); each internode with several apophyses supporting the cladia, and a varied number of nematothecae on surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDC0D077B620724FE5FF9E2" box="[357,450,1579,1605]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Structure of the stem in Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Internode (only the “frontal” cladia are shown). B–D. Three stem apophyses supporting cladia, with (B) or without (C, D) proximal nematothecate internode (N.B.: Only the “frontal” pair of axillar nematothecae is depicted in B–D). E. Detail of the axil of a stem apophysis in apical view, showing mamelon and lateral pairs of nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, E), MNHN H.L. 1373 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–E = 200 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530893/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDC0D077BCA0725FD8CF9E2" box="[461,529,1578,1605]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,181,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[211,1376,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM study of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883 (part). A. Portion of stem. B, C. Two close-ups showing the pattern of the insertion of cladia. D. Detail of a stem apophysis supporting a cladium, showing its associated nematothecae. E–G. Three cormidia in various views. H. Cross-section through both a stem and a gonotheca, showing the canaliculate coenosarc and ramified blastostyle, respectively. All from sample MHNG-INVE-0137405." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530897/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
); there are generally 4 apophyses, occasionally as few as 2 or 3, or as many as 5, 6 or 8, their number being directly related to the length of the internode; apophyses in younger, slenderer stems given off irregularly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDC0D077B41077CFE02F92A" box="[326,415,1651,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[371,1216,203,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[371,1216,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of four different stems of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883, showing variation in the arrangement of cladia: verticils of three (A), irregular (B), alternate (C), bipinnate (D). From samples: MNHN H.L. 1373 (A – type material) and MHNG-INVE-0137405 (B–D); stems in A and B are fertile (portions with gonothecae not shown). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530891/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), but showing a distinct tendency to adopt a bipinnate arrangement in older, thicker stems (two opposite, or nearly so, cladia near to the proximal node, and two opposite, or nearly so, cladia near the distal node;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDC0D077ADC07B4FEA9F972" box="[219,308,1723,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[371,1216,203,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[371,1216,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of four different stems of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883, showing variation in the arrangement of cladia: verticils of three (A), irregular (B), alternate (C), bipinnate (D). From samples: MNHN H.L. 1373 (A – type material) and MHNG-INVE-0137405 (B–D); stems in A and B are fertile (portions with gonothecae not shown). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530891/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
); apophyses relatively short, pointing upward, bearing a conspicuous, adcauline mamelon with broad, circular aperture, two pairs of axillar nematothecae inserted on each side at the origin from internode, as well as an unpaired, central nematotheca above (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDC0D077845060CFD45F8BA" box="[578,728,1795,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Structure of the stem in Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Internode (only the “frontal” cladia are shown). B–D. Three stem apophyses supporting cladia, with (B) or without (C, D) proximal nematothecate internode (N.B.: Only the “frontal” pair of axillar nematothecae is depicted in B–D). E. Detail of the axil of a stem apophysis in apical view, showing mamelon and lateral pairs of nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, E), MNHN H.L. 1373 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–E = 200 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530893/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3B, C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
) (the latter only present when the apophysis is not situated just below the distal stem internode,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDC0D07780C0628FDFBF8E6" box="[523,614,1831,1857]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Structure of the stem in Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Internode (only the “frontal” cladia are shown). B–D. Three stem apophyses supporting cladia, with (B) or without (C, D) proximal nematothecate internode (N.B.: Only the “frontal” pair of axillar nematothecae is depicted in B–D). E. Detail of the axil of a stem apophysis in apical view, showing mamelon and lateral pairs of nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, E), MNHN H.L. 1373 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–E = 200 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530893/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
); stem internodes with a belt of several nematothecae near the proximal node, as well as a number of nematothecae irregularly scattered on the surface of the internode, each nematotheca in relation to a given coenosarcal tube (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDC0D0778320660FD0EF82E" box="[565,659,1903,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Structure of the stem in Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Internode (only the “frontal” cladia are shown). B–D. Three stem apophyses supporting cladia, with (B) or without (C, D) proximal nematothecate internode (N.B.: Only the “frontal” pair of axillar nematothecae is depicted in B–D). E. Detail of the axil of a stem apophysis in apical view, showing mamelon and lateral pairs of nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, E), MNHN H.L. 1373 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–E = 200 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530893/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDC0D0778980661FD79F82E" box="[671,740,1902,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,181,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[211,1376,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM study of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883 (part). A. Portion of stem. B, C. Two close-ups showing the pattern of the insertion of cladia. D. Detail of a stem apophysis supporting a cladium, showing its associated nematothecae. E–G. Three cormidia in various views. H. Cross-section through both a stem and a gonotheca, showing the canaliculate coenosarc and ramified blastostyle, respectively. All from sample MHNG-INVE-0137405." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530897/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cladia given off at
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDC0D0779D60660FC76F82F" box="[977,1003,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 45° with the stem, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC285BEFFDC0D077F090660FAC0F82E" box="[1294,1373,1903,1929]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, delimited or not from the corresponding stem apophysis by a proximal, oblique node; the presence of a first, short, quadrangular, ahydrothecate internode provided with an adaxial nematotheca (exceptionally two) is nearly constant in one stem (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDC0D077B2706D4FE08F852" box="[288,405,2011,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Structure of the stem in Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Internode (only the “frontal” cladia are shown). B–D. Three stem apophyses supporting cladia, with (B) or without (C, D) proximal nematothecate internode (N.B.: Only the “frontal” pair of axillar nematothecae is depicted in B–D). E. Detail of the axil of a stem apophysis in apical view, showing mamelon and lateral pairs of nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, E), MNHN H.L. 1373 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–E = 200 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530893/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), but decidedly absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDC0D07789206D4FD72F852" box="[661,751,2011,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Structure of the stem in Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Internode (only the “frontal” cladia are shown). B–D. Three stem apophyses supporting cladia, with (B) or without (C, D) proximal nematothecate internode (N.B.: Only the “frontal” pair of axillar nematothecae is depicted in B–D). E. Detail of the axil of a stem apophysis in apical view, showing mamelon and lateral pairs of nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, E), MNHN H.L. 1373 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–E = 200 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530893/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDC0D0778FF06D5FC86F852" box="[760,795,2010,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,181,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[211,1376,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM study of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883 (part). A. Portion of stem. B, C. Two close-ups showing the pattern of the insertion of cladia. D. Detail of a stem apophysis supporting a cladium, showing its associated nematothecae. E–G. Three cormidia in various views. H. Cross-section through both a stem and a gonotheca, showing the canaliculate coenosarc and ramified blastostyle, respectively. All from sample MHNG-INVE-0137405." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530897/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5D</figureCitation>
|
||
) in others, including the fertile stem; remainder of cladium homomerously-divided, composed of a regular succession of up to 18 hydrothecate internodes separated by slightly oblique, distinct nodes; each internode moderately long, with a hydrotheca in middle, spanning about half its length, and its complement of three nematothecae; two internal perisarcal ridges, one proximally and one distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDD0D067F380664FF37F80D" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1593,1617]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1569]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cormidia of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A–F. Various cormidia in frontal (A) and lateral (B–F) aspects. G–K. Lateral (G, I, J) and mesial (H, K) nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, I–K), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D, G, H – type material), MNHN H.L. 1373 (E – type material). Specimen in F is redrawn from Schuchert (2015, as Nemertesia sp. 1). Scale bars: G–K = 50 µm; A–F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530895/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) (the former absent in proximal most cormidium,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDD0D0678EF0680FCF9F80E" box="[744,868,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Structure of the stem in Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Internode (only the “frontal” cladia are shown). B–D. Three stem apophyses supporting cladia, with (B) or without (C, D) proximal nematothecate internode (N.B.: Only the “frontal” pair of axillar nematothecae is depicted in B–D). E. Detail of the axil of a stem apophysis in apical view, showing mamelon and lateral pairs of nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, E), MNHN H.L. 1373 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–E = 200 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530893/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hydrotheca long, tubular, fully adnate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDD0D067F3D0680FA05F80E" box="[1338,1432,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1593,1617]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1569]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cormidia of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A–F. Various cormidia in frontal (A) and lateral (B–F) aspects. G–K. Lateral (G, I, J) and mesial (H, K) nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, I–K), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D, G, H – type material), MNHN H.L. 1373 (E – type material). Specimen in F is redrawn from Schuchert (2015, as Nemertesia sp. 1). Scale bars: G–K = 50 µm; A–F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530895/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDD0D067A9006BCFF24F869" box="[151,185,1971,1998]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,181,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[211,1376,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM study of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883 (part). A. Portion of stem. B, C. Two close-ups showing the pattern of the insertion of cladia. D. Detail of a stem apophysis supporting a cladium, showing its associated nematothecae. E–G. Three cormidia in various views. H. Cross-section through both a stem and a gonotheca, showing the canaliculate coenosarc and ramified blastostyle, respectively. All from sample MHNG-INVE-0137405." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530897/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
), abaxial wall distinctly thick, straight for most of its length, imperceptibly concave proximally and slightly flared distally; adaxial wall straight, with perisarc thickened laterally at junction with the internode behind (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDD0D067F0506D8FAC2F856" box="[1282,1375,2007,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Structure of the stem in Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Internode (only the “frontal” cladia are shown). B–D. Three stem apophyses supporting cladia, with (B) or without (C, D) proximal nematothecate internode (N.B.: Only the “frontal” pair of axillar nematothecae is depicted in B–D). E. Detail of the axil of a stem apophysis in apical view, showing mamelon and lateral pairs of nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, E), MNHN H.L. 1373 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–E = 200 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530893/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDD0D067F6D06D8FA13F856" box="[1386,1422,2007,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1593,1617]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1569]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cormidia of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A–F. Various cormidia in frontal (A) and lateral (B–F) aspects. G–K. Lateral (G, I, J) and mesial (H, K) nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, I–K), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D, G, H – type material), MNHN H.L. 1373 (E – type material). Specimen in F is redrawn from Schuchert (2015, as Nemertesia sp. 1). Scale bars: G–K = 50 µm; A–F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530895/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
); base concave, hydropore set next to the origin of abaxial wall; aperture transverse, circular in apical view, rim even, except for two lateral sinuations at fusion site with the internode behind; three nematothecae, of which one mesial, on a conspicuous projection, far below the hydrothecal base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDF0D04795C048AFC26FA38" box="[859,955,1413,1439]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1593,1617]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1569]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cormidia of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A–F. Various cormidia in frontal (A) and lateral (B–F) aspects. G–K. Lateral (G, I, J) and mesial (H, K) nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, I–K), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D, G, H – type material), MNHN H.L. 1373 (E – type material). Specimen in F is redrawn from Schuchert (2015, as Nemertesia sp. 1). Scale bars: G–K = 50 µm; A–F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530895/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 4K</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDF0D0479CD048AFC76FA07" box="[970,1003,1413,1440]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,181,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[211,1376,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM study of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883 (part). A. Portion of stem. B, C. Two close-ups showing the pattern of the insertion of cladia. D. Detail of a stem apophysis supporting a cladium, showing its associated nematothecae. E–G. Three cormidia in various views. H. Cross-section through both a stem and a gonotheca, showing the canaliculate coenosarc and ramified blastostyle, respectively. All from sample MHNG-INVE-0137405." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530897/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
), and a pair of laterals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDF0D047F05048AFA0AFA07" box="[1282,1431,1413,1440]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1593,1617]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1569]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cormidia of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A–F. Various cormidia in frontal (A) and lateral (B–F) aspects. G–K. Lateral (G, I, J) and mesial (H, K) nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, I–K), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D, G, H – type material), MNHN H.L. 1373 (E – type material). Specimen in F is redrawn from Schuchert (2015, as Nemertesia sp. 1). Scale bars: G–K = 50 µm; A–F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530895/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 4A, I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDF0D047A9004A6FF40FA63" box="[151,221,1449,1476]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,181,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[211,1376,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM study of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883 (part). A. Portion of stem. B, C. Two close-ups showing the pattern of the insertion of cladia. D. Detail of a stem apophysis supporting a cladium, showing its associated nematothecae. E–G. Three cormidia in various views. H. Cross-section through both a stem and a gonotheca, showing the canaliculate coenosarc and ramified blastostyle, respectively. All from sample MHNG-INVE-0137405." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530897/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5E–G</figureCitation>
|
||
); hydranths contracted, column elongated (filling most part of the hydrothecal lumen), distally provided with a reduced number of filiform tentacles. All nematothecae, including those of the stem, relatively short, movable and bithalamic; rim of upper chamber deeply scooped adaxially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDF0D04797304FEFC75F9AB" box="[884,1000,1521,1548]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1593,1617]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1569]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cormidia of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A–F. Various cormidia in frontal (A) and lateral (B–F) aspects. G–K. Lateral (G, I, J) and mesial (H, K) nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, I–K), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D, G, H – type material), MNHN H.L. 1373 (E – type material). Specimen in F is redrawn from Schuchert (2015, as Nemertesia sp. 1). Scale bars: G–K = 50 µm; A–F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530895/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gonothecae occurring in pairs, given off from each side of the stem apophyses, just below the mamelon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDF0D0479A3071AFB99F988" box="[932,1028,1557,1583]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,186,1369]" captionTargetId="figure-20@10.[151,1436,181,1377]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Gonotheca of S. indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Portion of fully fertile stem. B–D. Gonothecae seen frontally (B, D) and laterally (C); note aperture in C (arrowhead). From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–D = 300 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530899/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDF0D047E150719FBC9F997" box="[1042,1108,1558,1584]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,181,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[195,1392,181,1882]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM study of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883 (continued). A. Portion of a fully fertile stem. B–F. Detailed views showing the morphology of the gonothecae. G. Close-up of the dorsal side of a gonotheca, showing the distinctive spines and their associated nematothecae. H. Detail of a nematotheca. All from sample MHNG-INVE-0137405." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530901/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">7B–F</figureCitation>
|
||
); female in present material; body broadly ovoid in frontal view, provided with a number of prominent, conical spines, generally arranged in three lateral pairs, one unpaired apically, and 1–2 abaxial ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDF0D04795C0752FC2BF9D0" box="[859,950,1629,1655]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,186,1369]" captionTargetId="figure-20@10.[151,1436,181,1377]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Gonotheca of S. indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Portion of fully fertile stem. B–D. Gonothecae seen frontally (B, D) and laterally (C); note aperture in C (arrowhead). From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–D = 300 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530899/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDF0D0479C50751FC78F9DF" box="[962,997,1630,1656]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,181,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[195,1392,181,1882]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM study of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883 (continued). A. Portion of a fully fertile stem. B–F. Detailed views showing the morphology of the gonothecae. G. Close-up of the dorsal side of a gonotheca, showing the distinctive spines and their associated nematothecae. H. Detail of a nematotheca. All from sample MHNG-INVE-0137405." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530901/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">7E</figureCitation>
|
||
); each spine with 1–2 nematothecae, of which one is apical, and the second commonly basal, although it could be borne in the middle of the spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDF0D047F31078EFA12F93C" box="[1334,1423,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,181,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[195,1392,181,1882]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM study of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883 (continued). A. Portion of a fully fertile stem. B–F. Detailed views showing the morphology of the gonothecae. G. Close-up of the dorsal side of a gonotheca, showing the distinctive spines and their associated nematothecae. H. Detail of a nematotheca. All from sample MHNG-INVE-0137405." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530901/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7G</figureCitation>
|
||
); each spine is served by an independent coenosarcal tube derived from the central spadix, each branch ending up in a nematophore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDF0D047B5707C6FE36F943" box="[336,427,1737,1764]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,186,1369]" captionTargetId="figure-20@10.[151,1436,181,1377]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Gonotheca of S. indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Portion of fully fertile stem. B–D. Gonothecae seen frontally (B, D) and laterally (C); note aperture in C (arrowhead). From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–D = 300 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530899/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
); occasionally, some spines could be bifid, and some nematothecae unrelated to a spine, but simply borne on the surface of the gonotheca; in lateral view, the gonotheca appears distinctly flattened dorsoventrally, and is concave on its adaxial side and convex on the abaxial side; it is widest in middle, and thins out toward its margins; a circular aperture is borne on a small projection of the adaxial side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDF0D047E78063AFB4AF8E8" box="[1151,1239,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,186,1369]" captionTargetId="figure-20@10.[151,1436,181,1377]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Gonotheca of S. indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Portion of fully fertile stem. B–D. Gonothecae seen frontally (B, D) and laterally (C); note aperture in C (arrowhead). From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–D = 300 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530899/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrowhead); two large, spherical oocytes are contained within each gonotheca, and subsequently released and confined to a «brooding chamber» formed by the adaxial wall of the gonotheca with the corresponding stem internode (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFDF0D047EF50672FAD5F83F" box="[1266,1352,1917,1944]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,181,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[195,1392,181,1882]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM study of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883 (continued). A. Portion of a fully fertile stem. B–F. Detailed views showing the morphology of the gonothecae. G. Close-up of the dorsal side of a gonotheca, showing the distinctive spines and their associated nematothecae. H. Detail of a nematotheca. All from sample MHNG-INVE-0137405." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530901/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Color in life: cauli pale-brown, cladia white, female gonothecae translucent, oocytes white, spadix brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4578D3FFDD0D067A90077EFF69F953" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5530887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530887/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[151,250,1649,1673]" targetBox="[151,1435,179,1622]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFDD0D067A90077EFF69F953" blockId="5.[151,1436,1649,1781]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDD0D067A90077EFE88F92E" bold="true" box="[151,277,1649,1673]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDD0D067B1B077DFEC3F92E" box="[284,350,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFDD0D06780F077EFCCCF92E" authority="Allman, 1883" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[520,849,1649,1673]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Sciurella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDD0D06780F077EFD27F92E" box="[520,698,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sciurella indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDD0D0678C6077EFCCCF92E" author="Allman, G. J." box="[705,849,1649,1673]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref14293" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDD0D06795C077EFCF0F92E" bold="true" box="[859,877,1649,1673]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Colony from Bunaken.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDD0D067E77077EFB1CF92E" bold="true" box="[1136,1153,1649,1673]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Fertile stem from Sebayur Kecil Island, Komodo National Park (photo courtesy of Lindsay Warren).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDD0D067986079AFC2FF90A" bold="true" box="[897,946,1685,1709]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
. Details of a fertile stem from Bunaken showing many gonothecae with their branched blastostyles and embryos developing in brooding chambers formed by the thecae with the stem.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4578D3FFDE0D057A900670FAAEF878" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530891" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5530891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530891/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[151,250,1919,1943]" targetBox="[371,1216,203,1896]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFDE0D057A900670FAAEF878" blockId="6.[151,1437,1919,2016]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDE0D057A900670FE8EF830" bold="true" box="[151,275,1919,1943]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Details of four different stems of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFDE0D05786A068FFC2CF83F" authority="Allman, 1883" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[621,945,1920,1944]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Sciurella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDE0D05786A068FFC83F83F" box="[621,798,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Sciurella indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDE0D057924068FFC2CF83F" author="Allman, G. J." box="[803,945,1920,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref14293" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, showing variation in the arrangement of cladia: verticils of three (A), irregular (B), alternate (C), bipinnate (D). From samples: MNHN H.L. 1373 (A – type material) and MHNG-INVE-0137405 (B–D); stems in A and B are fertile (portions with gonothecae not shown). Scale bar: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4578D3FFDF0D047A900568FE6EFAB7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530893" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5530893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530893/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" targetBox="[153,1433,183,1103]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFDF0D047A900568FE6EFAB7" blockId="7.[151,1437,1127,1296]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDF0D047A900568FE8EFBD8" bold="true" box="[151,275,1127,1151]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Structure of the stem in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFDF0D0478080568FCC9FBD8" authority="Allman, 1883" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[527,852,1127,1151]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Sciurella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDF0D0478080568FD5DFBD8" box="[527,704,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sciurella indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFDF0D0478C20568FCC9FBD8" author="Allman, G. J." box="[709,852,1127,1151]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref14293" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDF0D04795A0568FCF2FBD8" bold="true" box="[861,879,1127,1151]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Internode (only the “frontal” cladia are shown).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDF0D047F610568FA0BFBD8" bold="true" box="[1382,1430,1127,1151]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B–D</emphasis>
|
||
. Three stem apophyses supporting cladia, with (B) or without (C, D) proximal nematothecate internode (N.B.: Only the “frontal” pair of axillar nematothecae is depicted in B–D).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFDF0D04788005A0FD05FB60" bold="true" box="[647,664,1199,1223]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail of the axil of a stem apophysis in apical view, showing mamelon and lateral pairs of nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, E), MNHN H.L. 1373 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–E = 200 µm; A = 500 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4578D3FFD00D0B7A900736FDF8F919" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530895" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5530895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530895/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[151,250,1593,1617]" targetBox="[154,1433,181,1563]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFD00D0B7A900736FDF8F919" blockId="8.[151,1437,1593,1726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD00D0B7A900736FE8FF9F6" bold="true" box="[151,274,1593,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Cormidia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD00D0B7B9F0736FD46F9F5" authority="Allman, 1883" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[408,731,1593,1618]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Sciurella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD00D0B7B9F0736FDD5F9F6" box="[408,584,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sciurella indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD00D0B784A0736FD46F9F5" author="Allman, G. J." box="[589,731,1593,1618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref14293" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD00D0B78E40736FC8FF9F6" bold="true" box="[739,786,1593,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A–F</emphasis>
|
||
. Various cormidia in frontal (A) and lateral (B–F) aspects.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD00D0B7F650736FA0BF9F6" bold="true" box="[1378,1430,1593,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G–K</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral (G, I, J) and mesial (H, K) nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, I–K), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D, G, H – type material), MNHN H.L. 1373 (E – type material). Specimen in F is redrawn from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD00D0B7E33078EFB43F93E" author="Schuchert, P." box="[1076,1246,1665,1689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="325 - 370" refId="ref16695" refString="Schuchert, P. (2015) On some hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Okinawa Islands, Japan. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 122 (2), 325 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 30004" type="journal article" year="2015">Schuchert (2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD00D0B7F02078DFF3EF919" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Nemertesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD00D0B7F02078DFAE5F93E" box="[1285,1400,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nemertesia</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 1
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Scale bars: G–K = 50 µm; A–F = 200 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3207BD0FFD00D0E7AC007E3FE34FEBA" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFD00D0B7AC007E3FAFBF81C" blockId="8.[151,1436,1772,1979]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD00D0B7AC007E3FEA6F8A1" bold="true" box="[199,315,1772,1798]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In one stem from Siladen, nearly all cladia begin with a short, quadrangular, nematothecate internode (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFD00D0B7AA7061FFE8AF88D" box="[160,279,1808,1834]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Structure of the stem in Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Internode (only the “frontal” cladia are shown). B–D. Three stem apophyses supporting cladia, with (B) or without (C, D) proximal nematothecate internode (N.B.: Only the “frontal” pair of axillar nematothecae is depicted in B–D). E. Detail of the axil of a stem apophysis in apical view, showing mamelon and lateral pairs of nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, E), MNHN H.L. 1373 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–E = 200 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530893/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), while in some others it is either occasionally present or totally absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFD00D0B7E30061FFB12F88D" box="[1079,1167,1808,1834]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Structure of the stem in Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Internode (only the “frontal” cladia are shown). B–D. Three stem apophyses supporting cladia, with (B) or without (C, D) proximal nematothecate internode (N.B.: Only the “frontal” pair of axillar nematothecae is depicted in B–D). E. Detail of the axil of a stem apophysis in apical view, showing mamelon and lateral pairs of nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, E), MNHN H.L. 1373 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–E = 200 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530893/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). As no signs of damage followed by subsequent regeneration could be noted, it is assumed that its occurrence is variable in this species. Its presence is also illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD00D0B7BE50657FD1FF8D5" author="Allman, G. J." box="[482,642,1880,1906]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref14293" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman (1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 5, figs 2–3) in his original account, but does not seem to occur in all stems, as demonstrated here through the reinspection of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548196F9FFD00D0B79330673FCF9F831" box="[820,868,1916,1942]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD00D0B79730673FC01F832" box="[884,924,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
MNHN H.L. 1373,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFD00D0B7E780673FB4AF831" box="[1151,1239,1916,1942]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Structure of the stem in Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Internode (only the “frontal” cladia are shown). B–D. Three stem apophyses supporting cladia, with (B) or without (C, D) proximal nematothecate internode (N.B.: Only the “frontal” pair of axillar nematothecae is depicted in B–D). E. Detail of the axil of a stem apophysis in apical view, showing mamelon and lateral pairs of nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, E), MNHN H.L. 1373 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–E = 200 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530893/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
), nor in the material assigned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD00D0B7B4906AFFDDFF81D" author="Schuchert, P." box="[334,578,1951,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="325 - 370" refId="ref16695" refString="Schuchert, P. (2015) On some hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Okinawa Islands, Japan. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 122 (2), 325 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 30004" type="journal article" year="2015">Schuchert (2015: 348</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 20B) to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD00D0B78D106AFFC0CF81D" box="[726,913,1952,1978]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Nemertesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD00D0B78D106AFFCCBF81E" box="[726,854,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nemertesia</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 1
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below a discussion on this material).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4578D3FFD10D0A7A900649FCF4F86D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530897" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5530897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530897/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[151,250,1862,1886]" targetBox="[211,1376,181,1837]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFD10D0A7A900649FCF4F86D" blockId="9.[151,1436,1862,1994]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD10D0A7A900649FE8EF8F9" bold="true" box="[151,275,1862,1886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM study of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD10D0A7BAB0649FD70F8F9" authority="Allman, 1883" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[428,749,1862,1886]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Sciurella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD10D0A7BAB0649FDC0F8F9" box="[428,605,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sciurella indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD10D0A78650649FD70F8F9" author="Allman, G. J." box="[610,749,1862,1886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref14293" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(part).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD10D0A793F0649FCD7F8F9" bold="true" box="[824,842,1862,1886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Portion of stem.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD10D0A7E070649FBB2F8F9" bold="true" box="[1024,1071,1862,1886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B, C</emphasis>
|
||
. Two close-ups showing the pattern of the insertion of cladia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD10D0A7B9F0665FE37F825" bold="true" box="[408,426,1898,1922]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail of a stem apophysis supporting a cladium, showing its associated nematothecae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD10D0A7F230665FAC8F825" bold="true" box="[1316,1365,1898,1922]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E–G</emphasis>
|
||
. Three cormidia in various views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD10D0A7BA00681FE26F801" bold="true" box="[423,443,1934,1958]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Cross-section through both a stem and a gonotheca, showing the canaliculate coenosarc and ramified blastostyle, respectively. All from sample MHNG-INVE-0137405.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4578D3FFD20D097A900476FD06FA7E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530899" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5530899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530899/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[151,250,1401,1425]" targetBox="[155,1429,186,1369]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFD20D097A900476FD06FA7E" blockId="10.[151,1437,1401,1497]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD20D097A900476FE89FA36" bold="true" box="[151,276,1401,1425]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Gonotheca of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD20D097BA80476FD2CFA36" authority="Allman, 1883" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[431,689,1401,1425]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Sciurella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD20D097BA80476FD87FA36" box="[431,538,1401,1425]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD20D0978260476FD2CFA36" author="Allman, G. J." box="[545,689,1401,1425]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref14293" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD20D0978BB0476FD53FA36" bold="true" box="[700,718,1401,1425]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Portion of fully fertile stem.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD20D097E000476FBABFA36" bold="true" box="[1031,1078,1401,1425]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B–D</emphasis>
|
||
. Gonothecae seen frontally (B, D) and laterally (C); note aperture in C (arrowhead). From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–D = 300 µm; A = 500 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFD20D097AC00707FDD8F9CD" blockId="10.[151,1437,1543,2043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">In some stems, the cauline apophyses give rise occasionally to two cladia, one in the normal position, while the other is given off laterally from below one side of the mamelon, through a short athecate apophysis, followed by a quadrangular, nematothecate segment.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFD20D097AC0077CFAAFF8E6" blockId="10.[151,1437,1543,2043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Stems of this species reportedly reach as much as
|
||
<quantity id="4CC285BEFFD20D0978FF077CFCA0F929" box="[760,829,1651,1678]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
|
||
in height (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD20D0979B1077CFBEAF92A" author="Allman, G. J." box="[950,1143,1651,1677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref14293" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman 1883: 26</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, «ten inches»). According to the original account, the cladia are arranged «in four longitudinal alternating series» (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD20D097E690798FAACF915" author="Allman, G. J." box="[1134,1329,1687,1714]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref14293" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman 1883: 26</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but verticils of three were found in the part of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548196F9FFD20D09787F07B3FD35F971" box="[632,680,1724,1750]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material (MNHN H.L. 1373) examined here (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFD20D097EA807B4FA94F972" box="[1199,1289,1723,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[371,1216,203,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[371,1216,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of four different stems of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883, showing variation in the arrangement of cladia: verticils of three (A), irregular (B), alternate (C), bipinnate (D). From samples: MNHN H.L. 1373 (A – type material) and MHNG-INVE-0137405 (B–D); stems in A and B are fertile (portions with gonothecae not shown). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530891/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the quite rich material of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD20D097B7007D0FE58F95E" box="[375,453,1759,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD20D097B7007D0FE58F95E" box="[375,453,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Siboga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the cladia are reportedly said either scattered or verticillate
|
||
<superScript id="7C4F8513FFD20D097E6A07D0FBE0F94A" attach="left" box="[1133,1149,1759,1773]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">16</superScript>
|
||
. In some of the youngest stems from Bunaken examined here, the cladia are either alternately-arranged (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFD20D097E1B060CFBEEF8BA" box="[1052,1139,1795,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[371,1216,203,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[371,1216,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of four different stems of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883, showing variation in the arrangement of cladia: verticils of three (A), irregular (B), alternate (C), bipinnate (D). From samples: MNHN H.L. 1373 (A – type material) and MHNG-INVE-0137405 (B–D); stems in A and B are fertile (portions with gonothecae not shown). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530891/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
) or decidedly scattered to spirally-arranged (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFD20D097B610628FE23F8E6" box="[358,446,1831,1857]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[371,1216,203,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[371,1216,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of four different stems of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883, showing variation in the arrangement of cladia: verticils of three (A), irregular (B), alternate (C), bipinnate (D). From samples: MNHN H.L. 1373 (A – type material) and MHNG-INVE-0137405 (B–D); stems in A and B are fertile (portions with gonothecae not shown). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530891/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), while in the oldest ones, they adopt a rather bipinnate arrangement (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFD20D097ECC0628FABBF8E6" box="[1227,1318,1831,1857]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[371,1216,203,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[371,1216,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of four different stems of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883, showing variation in the arrangement of cladia: verticils of three (A), irregular (B), alternate (C), bipinnate (D). From samples: MNHN H.L. 1373 (A – type material) and MHNG-INVE-0137405 (B–D); stems in A and B are fertile (portions with gonothecae not shown). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530891/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFD20D097AC00644FA01F875" blockId="10.[151,1437,1543,2043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The adequate understanding of the morphology of the fully-formed gonotheca was a gradual process.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD20D097F4F0644FE96F82D" author="Allman, G. J." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref14293" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman (1883: 26)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described it as «urn-shaped in front view, with two symmetrically placed hollow lateral processes near the distal end», and «compressed laterally, and when viewed in profile is seen to have its axis curved backwards nearly in a semicircle». Later on,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD20D097BB806B8FDFDF876" author="Billard, A." box="[447,608,1975,2001]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="758 - 760" refId="ref14712" refString="Billard, A. (1908) Sur les Plumulariidae de la collection du Challenger. Comptes Rendus des Seances Hebdomadaires de l'Academie des Sciences de Paris, 147, 758 - 760." type="journal article" year="1908">Billard (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, upon the reexamination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548196F9FFD20D0979B906B7FC6CF875" box="[958,1009,1976,2002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, described the gonothecae as concave,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFD20D097A9006ECFBB3F85C" blockId="10.[151,1437,1543,2043]" box="[151,1070,2019,2043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
16 “They are either scattered or verticillate” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD20D09787E06ECFCBFF85C" author="Billard, A." box="[633,802,2019,2043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref14817" refString="Billard, A. (1913) Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie, 7 a, 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard 1913: 60</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) [translated from French].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4578D3FFD30D087A90067DFB0BF875" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530901" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5530901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530901/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,250,1906,1930]" targetBox="[195,1392,181,1882]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFD30D087A90067DFB0BF875" blockId="11.[151,1437,1906,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD30D087A90067DFE8EF82D" bold="true" box="[151,275,1906,1930]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM study of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD30D087BAA067DFD6DF82D" authority="Allman, 1883" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[429,752,1906,1930]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Sciurella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD30D087BAA067DFDC3F82D" box="[429,606,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sciurella indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD30D087863067DFD6DF82D" author="Allman, G. J." box="[612,752,1906,1930]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref14293" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(continued).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD30D087970067DFC14F82D" bold="true" box="[887,905,1906,1930]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Portion of a fully fertile stem.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD30D087ECC067DFB65F82D" bold="true" box="[1227,1272,1906,1930]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B–F</emphasis>
|
||
. Detailed views showing the morphology of the gonothecae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD30D0878670699FDE9F809" bold="true" box="[608,628,1942,1966]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of the dorsal side of a gonotheca, showing the distinctive spines and their associated nematothecae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD30D087BD506B5FE7BF875" bold="true" box="[466,486,1978,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail of a nematotheca. All from sample MHNG-INVE-0137405.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4578D3FFD40D0F7A90023CFCAAFC34" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530903" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5530903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530903/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[151,250,819,843]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,795]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFD40D0F7A90023CFCAAFC34" blockId="12.[151,1436,819,916]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD40D0F7A90023CFE88FCEC" bold="true" box="[151,277,819,843]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD40D0F7B1A023CFD50FCEC" authority="(Kirchenpauer, 1876)" authorityName="Galea & Maggioni & Di Camillo" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Kirchenpauer" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[285,717,819,843]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Sciurella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD40D0F7B1A023CFE7AFCEC" box="[285,487,819,843]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sciurella cylindrica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD40D0F7BF2023CFD58FCEC" author="Kirchenpauer, G. H." box="[501,709,819,843]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref15556" refString="Kirchenpauer, G. H. (1876) Ueber die Hydroidenfamilie Plumularidae, einzelne Gruppen derselben und ihre Fruchtbehalter. II. Plumularia und Nemertesia. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, Hamburg, 6 (2), 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1876">Kirchenpauer, 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD40D0F78DF023CFD77FCEC" bold="true" box="[728,746,819,843]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD40D0F78FE023BFCA6FCEC" box="[761,827,820,843]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
photograph of a small, infertile stem from Tulamben, Bali (photo courtesy of Lindsay Warren), sympatric with the material dealt with herein.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD40D0F79E70257FC6CFCD7" bold="true" box="[992,1009,856,880]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail of a preserved fertile stem bearing female gonothecae with visible oocytes, from sample AMS Y.617.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFD40D0F7A9002CDFBE1FAE3" blockId="12.[151,1437,961,2043]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
with an irregular outline, their distal part being provided with three lobes
|
||
<superScript id="7C4F8513FFD40D0F79BE02CEFC54FC68" attach="left" box="[953,969,961,975]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">17</superScript>
|
||
. Even later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD40D0F7E5502CDFB6FFC7B" author="Billard, A." box="[1106,1266,962,988]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref14746" refString="Billard, A. (1910) Revision d'une partie de la collection des hydroides du British Museum. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Series 9, 11, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1910">Billard (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, evidently having been in possession of the hydroid collection of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD40D0F78F502E9FCDDFBA7" box="[754,832,998,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD40D0F78F502E9FCDDFBA7" box="[754,832,998,1024]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Siboga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, stressed again the lobate condition of the gonothecae, while specifying that they were both inaccurately drawn by Allman and imprecisely described earlier by himself
|
||
<superScript id="7C4F8513FFD40D0F7F820506FA08FBB0" attach="left" box="[1413,1429,1033,1047]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">18</superScript>
|
||
. Finally, he reiterated (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD40D0F7B890521FD83FBEF" author="Billard, A." box="[398,542,1070,1096]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref14817" refString="Billard, A. (1913) Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie, 7 a, 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) the statements from his 1910 work in nearly the same words, and provided an illustration of two gonothecae, one seen frontally and the other almost in profile view (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD40D0F7E59055DFB6CFBCB" author="Billard, A." box="[1118,1265,1106,1132]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref14817" refString="Billard, A. (1913) Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie, 7 a, 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. L). Unlike the gonothecae met with in our specimens from Bunaken (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFD40D0F79250579FCE3FB28" box="[802,894,1141,1168]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,186,1369]" captionTargetId="figure-20@10.[151,1436,181,1377]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Gonotheca of S. indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Portion of fully fertile stem. B–D. Gonothecae seen frontally (B, D) and laterally (C); note aperture in C (arrowhead). From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–D = 300 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530899/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFD40D0F798D0579FC4FFB37" box="[906,978,1142,1168]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,181,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[195,1392,181,1882]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM study of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883 (continued). A. Portion of a fully fertile stem. B–F. Detailed views showing the morphology of the gonothecae. G. Close-up of the dorsal side of a gonotheca, showing the distinctive spines and their associated nematothecae. H. Detail of a nematotheca. All from sample MHNG-INVE-0137405." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530901/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">7A–G</figureCitation>
|
||
), they were provided with much broader, bifid or even trifid marginal lobes, only the proximal most still adopting an elongated, conical shape. The two gonothecae present on slide MNHN H.L. 1374 are certainly not those depicted by Billard, as they only bear simple, conical projections; one of them is illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFD40D0F78B605EDFC9BFB5C" box="[689,774,1249,1276]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,186,1369]" captionTargetId="figure-20@10.[151,1436,181,1377]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Gonotheca of S. indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Portion of fully fertile stem. B–D. Gonothecae seen frontally (B, D) and laterally (C); note aperture in C (arrowhead). From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–D = 300 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530899/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
herein (the other is even more crushed). Consequently, it is difficult to tell whether Billard’s illustrations are either diagrammatic representations or real gonothecae with much more structurally complex shapes than those examined in the course of the present study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFD40D0F7AC00441FD7CF8BD" blockId="12.[151,1437,961,2043]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
In light of the data provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD40D0F78200441FD58FACF" author="Billard, A." box="[551,709,1358,1384]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref14817" refString="Billard, A. (1913) Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie, 7 a, 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<superScript id="7C4F8513FFD40D0F78C20442FD48FAFC" attach="left" box="[709,725,1357,1371]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">19</superScript>
|
||
upon the examination of numerous specimens, it seems that the structure of the stem apophyses supporting the cladia is the same as that met with in our material,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD40D0F7EEC047DFA93FA2C" box="[1259,1294,1394,1419]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
two pairs of nematothecae flank an apophysis provided adaxially with a conical mamelon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFD40D0F7E160499FBF5FA17" box="[1041,1128,1430,1456]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Structure of the stem in Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Internode (only the “frontal” cladia are shown). B–D. Three stem apophyses supporting cladia, with (B) or without (C, D) proximal nematothecate internode (N.B.: Only the “frontal” pair of axillar nematothecae is depicted in B–D). E. Detail of the axil of a stem apophysis in apical view, showing mamelon and lateral pairs of nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, E), MNHN H.L. 1373 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–E = 200 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530893/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
), while an uneven nematotheca is found a short distance above on the stem internode (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFD40D0F794404B5FC23FA73" box="[835,958,1466,1492]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Structure of the stem in Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Internode (only the “frontal” cladia are shown). B–D. Three stem apophyses supporting cladia, with (B) or without (C, D) proximal nematothecate internode (N.B.: Only the “frontal” pair of axillar nematothecae is depicted in B–D). E. Detail of the axil of a stem apophysis in apical view, showing mamelon and lateral pairs of nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, E), MNHN H.L. 1373 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–E = 200 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530893/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The same also results from the examination of specimen MNHN H.L. 1373 belonging to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548196F9FFD40D0F78E904D1FC83FA5F" box="[750,798,1502,1528]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFD40D0F797204D1FC51FA5F" box="[885,972,1502,1528]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,183,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Structure of the stem in Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Internode (only the “frontal” cladia are shown). B–D. Three stem apophyses supporting cladia, with (B) or without (C, D) proximal nematothecate internode (N.B.: Only the “frontal” pair of axillar nematothecae is depicted in B–D). E. Detail of the axil of a stem apophysis in apical view, showing mamelon and lateral pairs of nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, E), MNHN H.L. 1373 (D – type material). Scale bars: B–E = 200 µm; A = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530893/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
– note in this example the absence of the unpaired, superior nematotheca due to the proximity of a distal node). A similar situation occurs in the Japanese material assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD40D0F7B7A0729FDA5F9E7" box="[381,568,1574,1600]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Nemertesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD40D0F7B7A0729FE60F998" box="[381,509,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nemertesia</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 1
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD40D0F78660729FC80F9E7" author="Schuchert, P." box="[609,797,1573,1600]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="325 - 370" refId="ref16695" refString="Schuchert, P. (2015) On some hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Okinawa Islands, Japan. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 122 (2), 325 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 30004" type="journal article" year="2015">Schuchert (2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 20B). In addition, the bipinnate arrangement of their cladia along the stems, and the relatively long cormidia provided both proximally and distally with an internal, annular ridge towards the nodes (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFD40D0F785D0761FC98F92F" box="[602,773,1646,1672]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1593,1617]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1569]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cormidia of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A–F. Various cormidia in frontal (A) and lateral (B–F) aspects. G–K. Lateral (G, I, J) and mesial (H, K) nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, I–K), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D, G, H – type material), MNHN H.L. 1373 (E – type material). Specimen in F is redrawn from Schuchert (2015, as Nemertesia sp. 1). Scale bars: G–K = 50 µm; A–F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530895/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4F and 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
), suggests that his material is, with little doubt,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD40D0F7F1B0761FA0CF92F" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[1308,1425,1646,1672]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Sciurella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD40D0F7F1B0761FA0CF92F" box="[1308,1425,1646,1672]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Cladial internodes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD40D0F7B82079DFE67F90B" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[389,506,1682,1708]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Sciurella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD40D0F7B82079DFE67F90B" box="[389,506,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are highly variable in length: those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548196F9FFD40D0F79C9079DFC63F90B" box="[974,1022,1682,1708]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series (specimens MNHN H.L. 1373 17 “[…] in the preparations of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548196F9FFD40D0F780807CAFDA6F97A" box="[527,571,1733,1757]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species that I have examined, the distal part of the gonothecae is lobed (three lobes), instead of being entire. These gonothecae are thus irregular in shape and, additionally, are concave-convex, instead of being planar” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD40D0F7B18060DFE49F8BE" author="Billard, A." box="[287,468,1793,1818]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="758 - 760" refId="ref14712" refString="Billard, A. (1908) Sur les Plumulariidae de la collection du Challenger. Comptes Rendus des Seances Hebdomadaires de l'Academie des Sciences de Paris, 147, 758 - 760." type="journal article" year="1908">Billard 1908: 759</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) [translated from French].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFD40D0F7A90062FFB4DF83D" blockId="12.[151,1437,961,2043]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
18 “ The gonothecae are not accurately illustrated by Allman either; their distal part is irregularly lobed, instead of being entire, like in Allman’s drawing, or provided with three lobes, as I stated earlier […]. They are, additionally, concave-convex, instead of being planar; their concavity faces the stem, so as to form a sort of brooding chamber, as I was able to document it in the specimens gathered by the «
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD40D0F783E068DFD1FF83D" authority="Expedition" authorityName="Expedition" box="[569,642,1922,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Siboga</taxonomicName>
|
||
» Expedition” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD40D0F791C068DFC5EF83D" author="Billard, A." box="[795,963,1922,1946]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref14746" refString="Billard, A. (1910) Revision d'une partie de la collection des hydroides du British Museum. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Series 9, 11, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1910">Billard 1910: 39</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) [translated from French].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFD40D0F7A9006AFFE80F85C" blockId="12.[151,1437,961,2043]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
19 “The apophysis supporting the hydrocladium is provided with two pairs of axillar nematothecae and a basal mamelon bearing an aperture; there is a stem nematotheca above the insertion of hydrocladia” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD40D0F7E3A06CBFB77F87B" author="Billard, A." box="[1085,1258,1988,2012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref14817" refString="Billard, A. (1913) Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie, 7 a, 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard 1913: 60</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) [translated from French].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFD50D0E7A900198FE34FEBA" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,610]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
and 1374) are quite short (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFD50D0E7BC60198FDE8FF16" box="[449,629,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1593,1617]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1569]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cormidia of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A–F. Various cormidia in frontal (A) and lateral (B–F) aspects. G–K. Lateral (G, I, J) and mesial (H, K) nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, I–K), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D, G, H – type material), MNHN H.L. 1373 (E – type material). Specimen in F is redrawn from Schuchert (2015, as Nemertesia sp. 1). Scale bars: G–K = 50 µm; A–F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530895/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 4E and 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
, respectively), while those in material from Bunaken are comparatively longer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFD50D0E7AE901B4FEFAFF72" box="[238,359,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1593,1617]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1569]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cormidia of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A–F. Various cormidia in frontal (A) and lateral (B–F) aspects. G–K. Lateral (G, I, J) and mesial (H, K) nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, I–K), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D, G, H – type material), MNHN H.L. 1373 (E – type material). Specimen in F is redrawn from Schuchert (2015, as Nemertesia sp. 1). Scale bars: G–K = 50 µm; A–F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530895/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
), especially above the hydrotheca. Such size variations were also noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD50D0E7EB101B4FAC8FF72" author="Billard, A." box="[1206,1365,187,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref14817" refString="Billard, A. (1913) Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie, 7 a, 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in the abundant material of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD50D0E7BA801D0FE60FF5E" box="[431,509,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD50D0E7BA801D0FE60FF5E" box="[431,509,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Siboga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The hydrothecae, too, similarly display varied depths (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFD50D0E7ED101D0FF46FEBA" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1593,1617]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1569]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cormidia of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A–F. Various cormidia in frontal (A) and lateral (B–F) aspects. G–K. Lateral (G, I, J) and mesial (H, K) nematothecae. From samples: MHNG-INVE-0137405 (A–C, I–K), MNHN H.L. 1374 (D, G, H – type material), MNHN H.L. 1373 (E – type material). Specimen in F is redrawn from Schuchert (2015, as Nemertesia sp. 1). Scale bars: G–K = 50 µm; A–F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530895/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 4B, C, F and 4D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B81DE0FFD50D0E7B41000CFE06FEBA" box="[326,411,259,285]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="22.[151,235,477,502]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparative measurements (in µm) of the species discussed herein. N. A. stands for not available, ø for diameter, and “hyd” for hydrotheca. The asterisk indicates that the same measurements were indicated by Billard in his 1910 and 1913 works on Challenger and Siboga hydroids, respectively; consequently, it is not possible to attribute these measurements to one of them with certainty." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3207BD0FFD50D0E7AC00029FC87FDC5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85285BFFD50D0E7AC00029FC87FDC5" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,610]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD50D0E7AC00029FEFCFEE7" bold="true" box="[199,353,294,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D68CBFFD50D0E7B620028FE4DFEE6" box="[357,464,295,321]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Cape York, QLD (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD50D0E78A20028FCA3FEE6" author="Allman, G. J." box="[677,830,295,321]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref14293" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D68CBFFD50D0E79560028FC5FFEE6" box="[849,962,295,321]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Sape Strait, between Sumba and Komodo islands (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD50D0E7AF20044FEEBFEC2" authority="Stn." authorityName="Stn." box="[245,374,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD50D0E7AF20044FEDEFEC2" box="[245,323,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Siboga</emphasis>
|
||
Stn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
49); W of Jampea I., Selayar Islands Regency (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD50D0E798C0044FB91FEC2" authority="Stn." authorityName="Stn." box="[907,1036,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD50D0E798C0044FC44FEC2" box="[907,985,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Siboga</emphasis>
|
||
Stn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
65); Borneo bank, off SE
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FEE6B9FFD50D0E7F340044FF24FE2E" country="Indonesia" name="Kalimantan Utara" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kalimantan</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD50D0E7ACC0060FED0FE2E" authority="Stn." authorityName="Stn." box="[203,333,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD50D0E7ACC0060FE84FE2E" box="[203,281,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Siboga</emphasis>
|
||
Stn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
77); between Misool I. and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FEE6B9FFD50D0E78890060FC88FE2E" box="[654,789,367,393]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">West Papua</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Raja Ampat Regency (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD50D0E7E250060FB38FE2E" authority="Stn." authorityName="Stn." box="[1058,1189,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD50D0E7E250060FBEDFE2E" box="[1058,1136,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Siboga</emphasis>
|
||
Stn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
164); off the W coast of Kur I.,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D68CBFFD50D0E7B0E009CFEEBFE0A" box="[265,374,403,429]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD50D0E7B80009CFD94FE0A" authority="Stn." authorityName="Stn." box="[391,521,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD50D0E7B80009CFE48FE0A" box="[391,469,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Siboga</emphasis>
|
||
Stn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
250); NE of Aru Islands Regency (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD50D0E799B009CFB83FE0A" authority="Stn." authorityName="Stn." box="[924,1054,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD50D0E799B009CFC77FE0A" box="[924,1002,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Siboga</emphasis>
|
||
Stn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
274); Sailus Besar I., Pangkajene Dan Kepulauan Regency (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD50D0E7BC200B8FDD4FE76" authority="Stn." authorityName="Stn." box="[453,585,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD50D0E7BC200B8FD8EFE76" box="[453,531,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Siboga</emphasis>
|
||
Stn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
315) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD50D0E789200B8FCB4FE76" author="Billard, A." box="[661,809,439,465]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref14817" refString="Billard, A. (1913) Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie, 7 a, 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD50D0E795100B8FBA5FE76" baseAuthorityName="Allman" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[854,1080,439,465]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Nemertesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD50D0E795100B8FBA5FE76" box="[854,1080,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nemertesia indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Bunaken Marine Park, North Minahasa Regency (present study); Komodo National Park, West Manggarai Regency (present study; N.B.: the specimen illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFD50D0E7B9E00F0FE71FDBE" box="[409,492,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1435,179,1623]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ photographs of Sciurella indivisa Allman, 1883. A. Colony from Bunaken. B. Fertile stem from Sebayur Kecil Island, Komodo National Park (photo courtesy of Lindsay Warren). C, D. Details of a fertile stem from Bunaken showing many gonothecae with their branched blastostyles and embryos developing in brooding chambers formed by the thecae with the stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530887/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
was not sampled and therefore not included in the specimens examined in the formal identification).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D68CBFFD50D0E7B43032CFE15FD9A" box="[324,392,547,573]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FEE6B9FFD50D0E7B95032CFE6AFD9A" box="[402,503,547,573]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
I. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB55AAFFD50D0E781A032CFD4CFD9A" author="Schuchert, P." box="[541,721,546,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="325 - 370" refId="ref16695" refString="Schuchert, P. (2015) On some hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Okinawa Islands, Japan. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 122 (2), 325 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 30004" type="journal article" year="2015">Schuchert 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A53D8FFD50D0E78FC032CFC29FD9A" box="[763,948,547,573]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Nemertesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EF449FFD50D0E78FC032CFCE6FD9B" box="[763,891,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nemertesia</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 1
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130134DEFFD50D0E79C8032CFBBFFD9A" box="[975,1058,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1952,1976]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,387,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-125@26.[208,1380,381,1929]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 19. Geographical distribution of Sciurella spp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5530925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5530925/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Depth range:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC285BEFFD50D0E7EC8032CFAB9FD9A" box="[1231,1316,547,573]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="19.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="9.0">9–29 m</quantity>
|
||
(compiled from the references given in the synonymy and our data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |