259 lines
28 KiB
XML
259 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.310.5136" ID-GBIF-Dataset="38878b46-5242-4cab-ab81-10f47cdacb42" ID-PMC="PMC3690961" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-310-29" ID-PubMed="23805048" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-310-29" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 310" ModsDocTitle="First records of the genera Histeromerus Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Histeromerinae) and Ecclitura Kokujev (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae) in Italy" checkinTime="1451247205698" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Loni, Augusto, Lucchi, Andrea & Bernardo, Umberto" docDate="2013" docId="FF26DB20B5A1C34E706D7C6976CD9EDA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 310: 29-40" docOrigin="ZooKeys 310" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.310.5136" docTitle="Ecclitura Kokujev 1902" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="3857620AFF95B8313478FFA195223A06" masterDocTitle="First records of the genera Histeromerus Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Histeromerinae) and Ecclitura Kokujev (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae) in Italy" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1668155985442" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>First records of the genera Histeromerus Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Histeromerinae) and Ecclitura Kokujev (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae) in Italy</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Belokobylskij, Sergey A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Loni, Augusto</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lucchi, Andrea</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bernardo, Umberto</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>310</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>29</mods:start>
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<mods:end>40</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.310.5136</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.310.5136</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-310-29</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152045297" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF26DB20B5A1C34E706D7C6976CD9EDA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF26DB20B5A1C34E706D7C6976CD9EDA" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Ecclitura" authority="Kokujev, 1902" authorityName="Kokujev" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ecclitura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ecclitura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ecclitura Kokujev, 1902</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="31" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ecclitura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ecclitura primoris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primoris">Ecclitura primoris</taxonomicName>
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Kokujev, 1902.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ecclitura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ecclitura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ecclitura</taxonomicName>
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Kokujev is until recently monotypic genus originally described from Turkmenistan in the beginning of 20th century (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kokujev, NR" journalOrPublisher="Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" pagination="4 - 12" title="Materiaux pour la faune hymenopterologique de la Russie." volume="2" year="1902">Kokujev 1902</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
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Taxonomic position of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ecclitura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ecclitura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="32" start="start">Ecclitura</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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was discussed in several publications.
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<bibRefCitation author="Muesebeck, CFW" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publications" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 38" title="The genera of parasitic wasps of the braconid subfamily Euphorinae, with a review of the Nearctic species." volume="241" year="1936">Muesebeck (1936)</bibRefCitation>
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defined this genus as the most similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Perilitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perilitus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Perilitus</taxonomicName>
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Nees, 1819 and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Rhopalophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhopalophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhopalophorus</taxonomicName>
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Curtis, 1837 on the base of the wings venation and the long exerted ovipositor.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tobias, VI" journalOrPublisher="Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" pagination="612 - 633" title="Genera groupings and evolution of the subfamily Euphorinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Part II." volume="45" year="1966">Tobias (1966)</bibRefCitation>
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in his paper about generic groupings and evolution of subfamily
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euphorinae">Euphorinae</taxonomicName>
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included
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ecclitura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ecclitura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ecclitura</taxonomicName>
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in the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Perilitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perilitus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Perilitus</taxonomicName>
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group together with the genera
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Perilitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perilitus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Perilitus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microctonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microctonus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microctonus</taxonomicName>
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Wesmael, 1835,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Dinocampus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dinocampus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dinocampus</taxonomicName>
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Foerster, 1862,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Streblocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Streblocera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Streblocera</taxonomicName>
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Westwood, 1833,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ropalophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalophorus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ropalophorus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Centistina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Centistina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Centistina</taxonomicName>
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Enderlein, 1912.
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<bibRefCitation author="Shaw, SR" journalOrPublisher="Entomography" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" pagination="277 - 370" title="A phylogenetic study of the subfamilies Meteorinae and Euphorinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="3" year="1985">Shaw (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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in his phylogenetic study of subfamily
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euphorinae">Euphorinae</taxonomicName>
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, concluded that
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ecclitura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ecclitura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ecclitura</taxonomicName>
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is a sister group of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Streblocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Streblocera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Streblocera</taxonomicName>
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focusing the synapomorphies on the lack of the first medial abscissa in the fore wing, the long and slender scape and the presence of dorsope on the first metasomal tergite. He included this genus in the tribe
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="tribe" tribe="Microctonini">Microctonini</taxonomicName>
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(section 3) together with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microctonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microctonus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microctonus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Proclithrophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proclithrophorus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Proclithrophorus</taxonomicName>
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Tobias & Belokobylskij, 1981, and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Streblocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Streblocera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Streblocera</taxonomicName>
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and separated the tribes
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="tribe" tribe="Perilitini">Perilitini</taxonomicName>
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(only with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Perilitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perilitus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Perilitus</taxonomicName>
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) and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="tribe" tribe="Dinocampini">Dinocampini</taxonomicName>
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(with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Centistina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Centistina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Centistina</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Dinocampus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dinocampus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dinocampus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Rhopalophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhopalophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhopalophorus</taxonomicName>
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). However,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Tobias (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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in his key to European species of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euphorinae">Euphorinae</taxonomicName>
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retained the previous position of this genus in the tribe
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="tribe" tribe="Perilitini">Perilitini</taxonomicName>
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. In this way he de facto synonymized
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="tribe" tribe="Microctonini">Microctonini</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="tribe" tribe="Dinocampini">Dinocampini</taxonomicName>
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with this tribe, but separated
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Proclithrophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proclithrophorus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Proclithrophorus</taxonomicName>
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in the new tribe
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="tribe" tribe="Proclithrophorini">Proclithrophorini</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Belokobylskij (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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, in the new key to Palaearctic euphorine genera, synonymized with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="tribe" tribe="Perilitini">Perilitini</taxonomicName>
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also tribes
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="tribe" tribe="Cryptoxilonini">Cryptoxilonini</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="tribe" tribe="Townesilitini">Townesilitini</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ecclitura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ecclitura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ecclitura</taxonomicName>
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here was related with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Streblocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Streblocera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Streblocera</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heia</taxonomicName>
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Chen & Achterberg.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
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Knowledge on molecular phylogeny and its implication for classification of subfamily
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euphorinae">Euphorinae</taxonomicName>
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are very limited. A specific publication for this task (
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<bibRefCitation author="Li, FF" journalOrPublisher="Entomotaxonomia" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" pagination="217 - 226" title="Phylogenetic relationships of the Euphorinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on the D 2 variable region of 28 S ribosomal RNA." volume="25" year="2003">Li et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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) studied only a few taxa and a single gene (ribosomal 28S). This investigation included in the same group the genera
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microctonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microctonus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microctonus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Streblocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Streblocera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Streblocera</taxonomicName>
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(and possibly related
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ecclitura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ecclitura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ecclitura</taxonomicName>
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), but monophyly of the tribe
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="tribe" tribe="Microctonini">Microctonini</taxonomicName>
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was not resolved. New preliminary information about
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euphorinae">Euphorinae</taxonomicName>
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phylogeny on the base of combined morphological (37 characters) and molecular (4 markers: 18S, 28S, CAD, COI) data was suggested by Stigenberg and Boring (Internet, unpublished data). One of the result of this work was the arrangement of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ecclitura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ecclitura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ecclitura</taxonomicName>
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in the tribe
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="tribe" tribe="Dinocampini">Dinocampini</taxonomicName>
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. A final and more comprehensive published information about this topic should help to better understand the real results of this vast and diverse investigation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
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The single described species of this genus,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ecclitura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ecclitura primoris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primoris">Ecclitura primoris</taxonomicName>
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, was recorded in the Western Palaearctic Region. Two other undescribed species of this genus were reported also from U.S.A. (
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<bibRefCitation author="Shaw, SR" journalOrPublisher="Entomography" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" pagination="277 - 370" title="A phylogenetic study of the subfamilies Meteorinae and Euphorinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="3" year="1985">Shaw 1985</bibRefCitation>
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), India and Vietnam (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Belokobylskij 2000</bibRefCitation>
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). The discovery of these genus and species in Italy makes it likely the finding of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ecclitura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ecclitura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ecclitura</taxonomicName>
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also in other climatically similar localities of South Europe and North Africa. No data are available about
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ecclitura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ecclitura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ecclitura</taxonomicName>
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hosts. However, being phylogenetically related with the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Streblocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Streblocera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Streblocera</taxonomicName>
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(associated with
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<taxonomicName family="Chrysomelidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="family">Chrysomelidae</taxonomicName>
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) and sharing with this genus distinctive morphological features (structure of antenna, first metasomal tergite and ovipositor shapes:
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<bibRefCitation author="Shaw, SR" journalOrPublisher="Entomography" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" pagination="277 - 370" title="A phylogenetic study of the subfamilies Meteorinae and Euphorinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="3" year="1985">Shaw 1985</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Shaw, SR" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Russian Entomological Society" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" pagination="82 - 95" title="Essay on the evolution of adult-parasitism in the subfamily Euphorinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="75" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ecclitura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ecclitura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ecclitura</taxonomicName>
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could be also imagobiont and parasitoid of the adults of some beetles (
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<taxonomicName family="Chrysomelidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="family">Chrysomelidae</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName family="Curculionidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="family">Curculionidae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
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Four females of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ecclitura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ecclitura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="33" start="start">Ecclitura</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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were collected by Malaise traps closely to Napoli in the Campania Province. Fourteen females were captured in 2012 in three vineyards in the surroundings of Pisa (Tuscany), by using Malaise traps. These traps worked from the half of May to the half of October.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ecclitura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ecclitura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ecclitura</taxonomicName>
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specimens were captured from July 12 to October 4. Hitherto, no males of this species have never been recorded over area of his distribution, and it is possible
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ecclitura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ecclitura primoris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primoris">Ecclitura primoris</taxonomicName>
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reproduces by thelytokous modality as already observed for several other species of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euphorinae">Euphorinae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Shaw, SR" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Russian Entomological Society" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" pagination="82 - 95" title="Essay on the evolution of adult-parasitism in the subfamily Euphorinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="75" year="2004">Shaw 2004</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Reumer, BM" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" title="Occasional males in parthenogenetic populations of Asobara japonica (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): low Wolbachia titer or incomplete coadaptation? Heredity 108 (3): 341 - 346." url="10.1038/hdy.2011.82" year="2012">Reumer et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). We have redescribed below the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ecclitura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ecclitura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ecclitura</taxonomicName>
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as well as its type species, because their original descriptions were incomplete and because variability of morphological characters of these taxa were investigated on the base of additional material from different localities.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Redescription of the genus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Head strongly transverse (Figs 10, 21). Vertex at least in anterior half densely rugose-reticulate with granulation. Eye with very short and rather dense setae. Ocelli arranged in obtuse triangle with base 1.1-1.3 times its sides. Occipital carina complete dorsally, archedly fused below with hypostomal carina weakly upper base of mandible. Frons with more or less distinct median carina in anterior half. Face weakly convex. Eye distinctly convergent below (Figs 14, 17). Tentorial pits deep, situated upper lower level of eyes. Malar suture distinct. Clypeal suture complete, but shallow. Mandible medium sized, almost not twisted. Palpi short, maxillary palpus 3-segmented, labial palpus 2-segmented. Antennae (Figs 11, 19, 20) weakly claviform, stable 17-segmented. Scape (Figs 12, 14, 17, 22) long, weakly curved, almost as long as maximum diameter of eye. Pedicel rather long, oval. First flagellar segment as long as or weakly longer than second segment. Segments in apical half of antenna weakly thickened. Apical segment pointed, but without spine.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Mesosoma (Figs 13, 16, 21, 23, 24). Pronope absent. Notauli complete, shallow and wide, densely rugulose-reticulate. Mesoscutum rugose-striate and setose on wide medioposterior half, smooth and glabrous on anterior and sublateral areas. Prescutellar depression deep and long. Scutellum convex, with lateral carinae, at least partly rugose. Sternaulus (precoxal sulcus) shallow, wide, long, densely rugulose. Prepectal carina distinct. Postpectal carina absent. Metapleural lobe long, wide, rounded apically. Propodeum strongly and abruptly rounded from median part (lateral view), weakly and widely longitudinally concave in medioposterior half (dorsal view), entirely rugulose-areolate, with lateral carinae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Wings (Fig. 11, 15). Radial vein arising behind middle of pterostigma. Radial cell distinctly shortened. Second radial abscissa evenly and distinctly curved. First medial abscissa absent; as result, discoidal and first radiomedial cells fused. Mediocubital vein entirely sclerotised. Basal and recurrent veins distinctly convergent. Brachial cell short, widely open distally. Basal part of parallel vein weakly curved. In hind wing, first abscissa of mediocubital vein 4.0-5.0 times longer than second abscissa. Third abscissa of costal vein long; fourth abscissa almost straight.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Legs long and slender. Segments of median tarsus long. Fifth tarsal segments slender. Hind femur slender. Tarsal claws long, slender and weakly curved (Fig. 25).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Metasoma (Figs 11, 18). First tergite long, distinctly widened towards apex, its latero-ventral sides not fused, widely separated and with distinct split; dorsope small and very shallow; laterope indistinct. Second suture very shallow and fine. Only second tergite with separated laterotergites. Ovipositor (Figs 26, 27) long, straight, compressed laterally.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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Figures 10-16.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ecclitura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ecclitura primoris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primoris">Ecclitura primoris</taxonomicName>
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Kokujev (holotype, female, Turkmenistan) 10 head, dorsal view 11 habitus, dorsal view 12 head and scape of antenna, lateral view 13 mesosoma and first metasomal tergite, dorsal view 14 head and scape of antenna, front view 15 fore wing 16 mesosoma, lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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Figures 17-27.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ecclitura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ecclitura primoris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primoris">Ecclitura primoris</taxonomicName>
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Kokujev (female, Italy) 17 head and scape of antenna, front view 18 first metasomal tergite, dorsal view 19 antenna, lateral view 20 basal part of antenna 21 head and mesosoma, dorsal view 22 scape of antenna, dorso-lateral view 23 mesosoma, lateral view 24 head, mesosoma and first metasomal tergite, dorso-lateral view 25 fore tarsus 26 tip of ovipositor, lateral view 27 tip of ovipositor, dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Western Palaearctic, Nearctic, Oriental Regions.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |