treatments-xml/data/F6/F1/93/F6F193DAFEA163647AC4D4373EC25575.xml

<document ENCODING="UTF8" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041" ID-PMC="PMC3689140" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-22-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860" ID-PubMed="23794937" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576167" ModsDocID="1314-2003-22-1" checkinTime="1451251931319" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2013" docId="F6F193DAFEA163647AC4D4373EC25575" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 22: 1-428" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 22" docPubDate="2013-05-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041" docTitle="Solanum dulcamara L. 1753" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860" lastPageNumber="117" masterDocId="FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="432" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="96" updateTime="1668140799926" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2013-05-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number>22</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-22-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152024575" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F6F193DAFEA163647AC4D4373EC25575" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F6F193DAFEA163647AC4D4373EC25575" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<subSubSection pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
14. 
<taxonomicName LSID="F6F193DA-FEA1-6364-7AC4-D4373EC25575" authority="L." authorityName="L." authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dulcamara" order="Solanales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara L.</taxonomicName>
, 
<bibCitation>Sp. Pl. 185. 1753</bibCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Solanum dulcamara L. (All drawn from live plants in Battleboro, Vermont, USA). Illustration by Bobbi Angell." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10291" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Figure 35</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scandens">Solanum scandens</taxonomicName>
Neck., Delic. Gallo-Belg. 1: 119. 1768. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Dulcamara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lignosa">Dulcamara lignosa</taxonomicName>
Gilib., Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 37. 1782. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycopersicon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Lycopersicon dulcamara</taxonomicName>
(L.) Medik., Beobacht. 245. 1783. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestre">Solanum rupestre</taxonomicName>
F.W.Schmidt, Fl. Boem. 2: 96, tab. 241. 1793. Type: Czech Republic. &quot;Termas Carolinas, Dorotheenau&quot; [Karoly Vary] (no specimens found, plates unpublished; synonymy ex descr.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moench" authorityYear="1794" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Dulcamara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosa">Dulcamara flexuosa</taxonomicName>
Moench, Meth. 514. 1794, nom. illeg. superfl. 
<pageBreakToken pageId="96" pageNumber="97" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruderale">Solanum ruderale</taxonomicName>
Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 133. 1796, nom. illeg. superfl. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">villosissimum</emphasis>
Desv., Observ. Fl. Angers 111. 1818. Type: France. Anjou: environs de Brissac, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">N.A. Desvaux</emphasis>
s.n. (possible type specimen: P [P00582490]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">rupestre</emphasis>
(H.W.Schmidt) Roem. &amp; Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer &amp; Schultes] 4: 581. 1819. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
F.W.Schmidt
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Willd" authorityYear="1819" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persicum">Solanum persicum</taxonomicName>
Willd., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer &amp; Schultes] 4: 662. 1819. Type: &quot;In Persia, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Pallas</emphasis>
&quot;(neotype, designated here: BM [BM000942806]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Raab" authorityYear="1819" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="littorale">Solanum littorale</taxonomicName>
<bibCitation author="Raab" journal="Flora" page="414" score="0.3203158689424784" volume="2" year="1819">
Raab, 
<bibCitation journal="Flora" page="414" score="0.3203158689424784" volume="2" year="1819">Flora 2: 414. 1819</bibCitation>
</bibCitation>
. Type: Switzerland. Vaud: Lac Leman &quot;inter Vidy et Pully; prope Ouchy et Champlande&quot;, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">C.W. Raab</emphasis>
s.n. (no specimens found; synonymy ex descr.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. A. Mey" authorityYear="1831" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kieseritzkii">Solanum kieseritzkii</taxonomicName>
C.A.Mey., Verz. Pfl. Cauc. 113. 1831. Type: Azerbaijan. Lenkoran, 23 May 1830, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">C.A. Meyer</emphasis>
s.n. (holotype: LE; isotypes: LE (3 sheets), OXF).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Frivald" authorityYear="1836" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="assimile">Solanum assimile</taxonomicName>
<bibCitation author="Friv." journal="Flora" page="439" score="0.3203158689424784" volume="19" year="1836">
Friv., 
<bibCitation journal="Flora" page="439" score="0.3203158689424784" volume="19" year="1836">Flora 19: 439. 1836</bibCitation>
</bibCitation>
. Type: Greece. &quot;Turkey in Rumelia&quot;, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">I. Frivaldszky</emphasis>
s.n. (holotype: BP [n.v.]; isotype: NY [NY00169744]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">tomentosum</emphasis>
W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 2: 508. 1837. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Raab" authorityYear="1819" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="littorale">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum littorale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Raab
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">album</emphasis>
<bibCitation author="G. Don" journal="Gen. Hist." page="409" score="1.771603390329167" volume="4" year="1838">
G.Don, 
<bibCitation journal="Gen. Hist." page="409" score="1.771603390329167" volume="4" year="1838">Gen. Hist. 4: 409. 1838</bibCitation>
</bibCitation>
. Type: &quot;Dulcis amara flor albo&quot;, Besler, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Hortus Eystettensis</emphasis>
, fol. 46, t. ii. 1613. (lectotype, designated here: Besler, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Hortus Eystettensis</emphasis>
, fol. 46, t. ii. 1613 [illustration on p. 180 in reprints]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">carneum</emphasis>
<bibCitation author="G. Don" journal="Gen. Hist." page="409" score="1.771603390329167" volume="4" year="1838">
G.Don, 
<bibCitation journal="Gen. Hist." page="409" score="1.771603390329167" volume="4" year="1838">Gen. Hist. 4: 409. 1838</bibCitation>
</bibCitation>
. Type: Sweden. &quot;Celsius, Ups. 32, Linnaeus, Fl. Suec. p. 66&quot; (no specimens found).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">hirsutum</emphasis>
<bibCitation author="G. Don" journal="Gen. Hist." page="409" score="1.771603390329167" volume="4" year="1838">
G.Don, 
<bibCitation journal="Gen. Hist." page="409" score="1.771603390329167" volume="4" year="1838">Gen. Hist. 4: 409. 1838</bibCitation>
</bibCitation>
. Type: &quot;Plant hairy, or downy. Flowers violaceous. On the sea-coast.&quot; (no specimens cited).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">violaceum</emphasis>
<bibCitation author="G. Don" journal="Gen. Hist." page="409" score="1.771603390329167" volume="4" year="1838">
G.Don, 
<bibCitation journal="Gen. Hist." page="409" score="1.771603390329167" volume="4" year="1838">Gen. Hist. 4: 409. 1838</bibCitation>
</bibCitation>
. Type: &quot;Dulcis amara flor coeruleo vulgatica&quot;, Besler, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Hortus Eystettensis</emphasis>
, fol. 46, t. iii. (lectotype, designated here: Besler, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Hortus Eystettensis</emphasis>
, fol. 46, t. iii on folio 46 t. iii. 1613 [illustration on p. 180 in reprints]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">cordifolium</emphasis>
Peterm., Fl. Lips. Excurs. 173. 1838. Type: Germany. Sin. loc. (no specimens found).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">ovatum</emphasis>
Peterm., Fl. Lips. Excurs. 173. 1838. as 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">ovata</emphasis>
. Type: Germany. Sin. loc. (no specimens found).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">marinum</emphasis>
Bab., Man. Brit. Bot. 210. 1843. Type: Ireland. County Galway: Connemara, Renvyle [
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Renville”">&quot;Renville&quot;</normalizedToken>
] (lectotype, designated here: CGE; isolectotype: BM [BM000941486]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moench" authorityYear="1794" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Dulcamara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosa">Dulcamara flexuosa</taxonomicName>
Moench var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">cordata</emphasis>
Opiz, in Bercht. &amp; Opiz, Oekon.-techn. Fl. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhm">Boehm</normalizedToken>
. 3: xv. 1843. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">cordifolium</emphasis>
Peterm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moench" authorityYear="1794" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Dulcamara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosa">Dulcamara flexuosa</taxonomicName>
Moench var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">ovata</emphasis>
Opiz, in Bercht. &amp; Opiz, Oekon.-techn. Fl. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhm">Boehm</normalizedToken>
. 3: xv. 1843. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">ovatum</emphasis>
Peterm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moench" authorityYear="1794" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Dulcamara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosa">Dulcamara flexuosa</taxonomicName>
Moench var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">hastiifolia</emphasis>
Opiz, in Bercht. &amp; Opiz, Oekon.-techn. Fl. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhm">Boehm</normalizedToken>
. 3: xvi. 1843. as 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">hastaefolia</emphasis>
. Type: Czech Republic [?]. sin. loc., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">P.M. Opiz</emphasis>
s.n. (holotype: PR?).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lignosum">Solanum lignosum</taxonomicName>
Sloboda, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rostlinnictví">Rostlinnictvi</normalizedToken>
358. 1852. Type: &quot;Dulcamara Marina, Solanum lignosum Rayi&quot; (no specimens found).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. subsp. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">cordatum</emphasis>
(Opiz) Dunal, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 78. 1852. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">cordifolium</emphasis>
Peterm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
subsp. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">ovatum</emphasis>
(Peterm.) Dunal, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 78. 1852. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">ovatum</emphasis>
Peterm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">rupestre</emphasis>
(F.W.Schmidt) Dunal, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 79. 1852. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
F.W.Schmidt
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">palustre</emphasis>
Dunal, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 79. 1852. Type: Greece. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Lernacicis”">&quot;Lernacicis&quot;</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">J. Sartori</emphasis>
s.n. (no specimens found, see discussion).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">hirsutum</emphasis>
Dunal, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 79. 1852. Type: Greece. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Lernacicis”">&quot;Lernacicis&quot;</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">J. Sartori 84</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: G-DC [G00144899]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">laciniatum</emphasis>
Dunal, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 78. 1852. Type: United States of America.Massachusetts: Boston, 1827, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Mrs. Dutton</emphasis>
s.n. (lectotype, designated here: G-DC [G00144856]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. subsp. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">hastiifolia</emphasis>
(Bercht. &amp; Opiz) Dunal, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 78. 1852. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moench" authorityYear="1794" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Dulcamara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Dulcamara flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Moench var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">hastiifolia</emphasis>
Opiz in Bercht. &amp; Opiz
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">alpinum</emphasis>
Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 478. 1866. Type: Romania. (Transylvania) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Siebenbürgen">Siebenbuergen</normalizedToken>
[Sibiu], &quot;Arpaser-Kerzesor Alpen&quot; [Arpas], Jul-Aug, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">J.F. Schur</emphasis>
s.n. (holotype: GOET?, not found).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">macrocarpum</emphasis>
Maxim., Index Seminum [St. Petersburg] suppl. 1869: 26. 1870. Type: japan. Jezo Island: Hakodate, 1861, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">C. Maximowicz</emphasis>
s.n. (lectotype, designated here: LE; isolectotypes: G [G00301664], LE).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">integrifolia</emphasis>
Willk. in Willk. &amp; Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 526. 1870. Type: Spain. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aragón">Aragon</normalizedToken>
: Jaca, Jun 1850, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">H.M. Willkomm 313</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: BM [BM000847923]; isolectotype: G [G00357859]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">indivisum</emphasis>
Boiss., Fl. 
<bibCitation journal="Orient." page="285" score="0.41806851306822396" volume="4" year="1879">Orient. 4: 285. 1879</bibCitation>
. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Willd" authorityYear="1819" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum persicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Willd.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamarum">Solanum dulcamarum</taxonomicName>
St.- 
<bibCitation author="Lag." journal="Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon" page="135" score="13.641481091363191" volume="7" year="1880">
Lag., 
<bibCitation journal="Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon" page="135" score="13.641481091363191" volume="7" year="1880">Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon, 7: 135. 1880</bibCitation>
</bibCitation>
, nom. illeg. superfl. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. forma 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">subglabrum</emphasis>
Kuntze, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. 
<bibCitation journal="Bot. Sada" page="222" score="0.5877323877035465" volume="10" year="1887">Bot. Sada 10: 222. 1887</bibCitation>
. Type: Turkmenistan. Asgabat [
<normalizedToken originalValue="As’chabad">As'chabad</normalizedToken>
], May 1886, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">O. Kuntze [Gen. Komarov]</emphasis>
s.n. (holotype: B, destroyed; lectotype, designated here: NY [NY00172263]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestre">Solanum rupestre</taxonomicName>
Waisb., Oesterr. 
<bibCitation journal="Bot. Z." page="143" score="33.79251743416606" volume="45" year="1895">Bot. Z. 45: 143. 1895</bibCitation>
, non 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
F.W.Schmidt, 1793. Type: Austria. &quot;ad pagum 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rödlschlag">Roedlschlag</normalizedToken>
solo serpentino&quot;, 700-750m, Jun-Jul 1894, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">A. Waisbecker</emphasis>
s.n. (no specimens found, holotype: BP?).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
subvar. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">villosissimum</emphasis>
(Desv.) Bornm., Beih. 
<bibCitation journal="Bot. Centralbl." page="305" score="0.001166684644447956" volume="33" year="1915">Bot. Centralbl. 33: 305. 1915</bibCitation>
. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">villosissimum</emphasis>
Desv.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpum">Solanum macrocarpum</taxonomicName>
(Maxim.) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kudô">Kudo</normalizedToken>
, in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kudô">Kudo</normalizedToken>
&amp; Susaki, Hokkaido-Yakuyo-Shokub t. 84. 1922. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">macrocarpum</emphasis>
Maxim.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">canescens</emphasis>
<bibCitation author="Farw." journal="Papers Mich. Acad. Sci." page="39" score="66.14693602341073" volume="2" year="1923">
Farw., 
<bibCitation journal="Papers Mich. Acad. Sci." page="39" score="66.14693602341073" volume="2" year="1923">Papers Mich. Acad. Sci. 2: 39. 1923</bibCitation>
</bibCitation>
. Type: United States of America. Michigan: Rochester, 15 Aug 1909, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">O.A. Farwell 2105</emphasis>
(holotype: BLH [n.v.]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. forma 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">albiflora</emphasis>
<bibCitation author="Farw." journal="Papers Mich. Acad. Sci." page="39" score="66.14693602341073" volume="2" year="1923">
Farw., 
<bibCitation journal="Papers Mich. Acad. Sci." page="39" score="66.14693602341073" volume="2" year="1923">Papers Mich. Acad. Sci. 2: 39. 1923</bibCitation>
</bibCitation>
. Type: United States of America. Michigan: Trenton, 26 Jul 1921, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">O.A. Farwell 5944</emphasis>
(holotype: BLH [n.v.]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. forma 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">albiflorum</emphasis>
<bibCitation author="House" journal="Bull. New York State Mus." page="613" score="126.26058283362084" volume="254" year="1924">
House, 
<bibCitation journal="Bull. New York State Mus." page="613" score="137.1782308758475" volume="254" year="1924">Bull. New York State Mus. 254: 613. 1924</bibCitation>
</bibCitation>
. Type: United States of America. New York: Livingston County, Caledonia, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">F. Beckwith</emphasis>
s.n. (holotype: NYS [n.v.]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maximowiczii">Solanum maximowiczii</taxonomicName>
Koidz., in Mayebara, Fl. Austrohigo 50, 85. 1931. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">ovatum</emphasis>
Peterm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpum">Solanum macrocarpum</taxonomicName>
(Maxim.) 
<bibCitation author="Koidz." journal="Acta Phytotax. Geobot." page="23" score="0.07687678745166378" volume="1" year="1932">
Koidz., 
<bibCitation journal="Acta Phytotax. Geobot." page="23" score="0.07687678745166378" volume="1" year="1932">Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 23. 1932</bibCitation>
</bibCitation>
, nom. illeg., non 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum macrocarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Maxim.) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kudô">Kudo</normalizedToken>
Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">macrocarpum</emphasis>
Maxim.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koidz" authorityYear="1935" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacarpum">Solanum megacarpum</taxonomicName>
<bibCitation author="Koidz." journal="Acta Phytotax. Geobot." page="159" score="0.07687678745166378" volume="4" year="1935">
Koidz., 
<bibCitation journal="Acta Phytotax. Geobot." page="159" score="0.07687678745166378" volume="4" year="1935">Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 4: 159. 1935</bibCitation>
</bibCitation>
. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">macrocarpum</emphasis>
Maxim.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="depilatum">Solanum depilatum</taxonomicName>
Kitag., Lin. Fl. Manshur. 390. 1939. Type: China. [Heilongjiang]: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Chéjché">&quot;Chejche</normalizedToken>
, Manchur. bor.&quot;, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">M. Kitagawa</emphasis>
s.n. (type not located).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asiaemediae">Solanum asiaemediae</taxonomicName>
Pojark., Not. Syst. Herb. 
<bibCitation journal="Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS" page="330" score="34.464946293149445" volume="17" year="1955">Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 17: 330. 1955</bibCitation>
. Type: Uzbekistan. Kokaidskii region, Tamariskovii Krai, [lower Najman-Saj River], 21 Jul 1934, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">A.V. Prozorovskii 187</emphasis>
(holotype: LE).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pojark" authorityYear="1955" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudopersicum">Solanum pseudopersicum</taxonomicName>
Pojark., Not. Syst. Herb. 
<bibCitation journal="Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS" page="328" score="34.464946293149445" volume="17" year="1955">Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 17: 328. 1955</bibCitation>
. Type: Russian Federation. Starvropolskii Krai: Pyatigorsk, Mashukh [protologue Ciscaucasia], 3 Jul 1896, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">D. Litvinov</emphasis>
s.n. (holotype: LE).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pojark" authorityYear="1955" baseAuthorityName="Bab." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marinum">Solanum marinum</taxonomicName>
(Bab.) Pojark., in Komarov, Fl. 
<bibCitation journal="URSS" page="16" score="0.029296875" volume="22" year="1955">URSS, 22: 16. 1955</bibCitation>
. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">marinum</emphasis>
Bab.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Willd" authorityYear="1819" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persicum">Solanum persicum</taxonomicName>
Roem. &amp; Schult. subsp. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">pseudopersicum</emphasis>
(Pojark.) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schönb">Schoenb</normalizedToken>
.-Tem., Fl. Iranica 100: 14: 1972. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pojark" authorityYear="1955" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudopersicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum pseudopersicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pojark.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kitagawae">Solanum kitagawae</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schönb">Schoenb</normalizedToken>
.-Tem., Fl. 
<bibCitation journal="Iranica" page="15" score="0.25" volume="100" year="1972">Iranica 100: 15. 1972</bibCitation>
. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="depilatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum depilatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kitag.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. luc. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">atroviolaceum</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Máthé">Mathe</normalizedToken>
, Bot. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Közlem">Koezlem</normalizedToken>
. 59(2): 129. 1972. Type: Hungary. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nógród">Nogrod</normalizedToken>
: &quot;ad pagum 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nótines”">Notines&quot;</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
I. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Máthé">Mathe</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
s.n. (holotype: VBI [n.v.]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. forma 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">lucidum</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Máthé">Mathe</normalizedToken>
, Bot. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Közlem">Koezlem</normalizedToken>
. 59(2): 129. 1972. Type: Hungary. Pest: &quot;ad viam pagi 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vácrátot”">Vacratot&quot;</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
I. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Máthé">Mathe</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
s.n. (holotype: VBI [n.v.]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">pusztarum</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Soó">Soo</normalizedToken>
, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18(1-2): 172. 1973. Type: Hungary. Mittelungarn, Kom. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bács-Kiskun">Bacs-Kiskun</normalizedToken>
, Bugacpuszta, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
R. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sóo">Soo</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
s.n. (holotype: BP [n.v.]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">Solanum dulcamara</taxonomicName>
subsp. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">pusztarum</emphasis>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Soó">Soo</normalizedToken>
) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Soó">Soo</normalizedToken>
, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23(3-4): 382. 1978 [
<normalizedToken originalValue="“1977”">&quot;1977&quot;</normalizedToken>
]. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">pusztarum</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Soó">Soo</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="borealisinense">Solanum borealisinense</taxonomicName>
C.Y.Wu &amp; S.C.Huang, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 67(1): 84, tab. 21, Figure 1-7. 1978. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="depilatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Solanum depilatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kitag.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Europa”">&quot;Europa&quot;</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Anon</emphasis>
. (lectotype, designated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" pagination="325 - 367" publicationUrl="10.1111/j.1095-8339.1990.tb02227.x" refId="B82" refString="Knapp, S, Jarvis, CE, 1990. The typification of the names of New World Solanum species described by Linnaeus. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 104: 325 - 367, 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1990.tb02227.x" title="The typification of the names of New World Solanum species described by Linnaeus." url="10.1111/j.1095-8339.1990.tb02227.x" volume="104" year="1990">Knapp and Jarvis 1990</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 335: LINN 248.7).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
Herbaceous or woody vine, above ground stems trailing to 8-10 m long and with spreading or creeping underground stems. Stems very rarely glabrous, more often pubescent with simple uniseriate or dendritic trichomes with short branches, or a mixture of the two types, these often tangled, 4-8-celled, to 1.5 mm long, usually white, pubescence density extremely variable; new growth usually white pubescent. Bark of older stems grey to yellowish grey. Sympodial units plurifoliate. Leaves simple to ternately pinnatifid, extremely variable in shape and size, even along a single stem, 2.5-7 cm long, 1.2-6 cm wide, elliptic or ovate to cordate in outline, membraneous, the upper surfaces glabrous to moderately pubescent with simple uniseriate or dendritic trichomes to 1.5 mm long on the veins and lamina, the lower surfaces sparsely to densely pubescent with trichomes like those of the upper surfaces, but usually denser; primary veins 6-9 pairs, usually pubescent; base truncate or cordate; margins entire or the leaves lobed, the lobes most commonly 2, rarely more, basal, narrowing near the sinuses; apex acute to acuminate; petiole 0.5-2 (+) cm long, pubescent like the stems. Inflorescences terminal or lateral, not leaf-opposed, (1-)4-15 cm long, many times branched, with up to 40 flowers, only a few open at a time, glabrous to moderately pubescent, the rachis often purplish in hue; peduncle (0.5-)1-7 cm long; pedicels 6-12 mm long at anthesis, ca. 1 mm in diameter, slender, spreading, often purplish green, glabrous to sparsely pubescent with simple unieriate or more rarely dendritic trichomes to 0.5 mm long, articulate at the base in a small sleeve leaving a prominent swollen peg 
<pageBreakToken pageId="97" pageNumber="98" start="start">on</pageBreakToken>
the axis; pedicel scars irregularly spaced 1-5 (-10) mm apart, the axis zig-zag. Buds turbinate, the corolla long-exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers all perfect, 5-merous. Calyx tube 1-1.5 mm long, broadly conical, the lobes &lt;0.5 mm long, broadly triangular, glabrous or pubescent with uniseriate white trichomes, the apex 
<pageBreakToken pageId="98" pageNumber="99" start="start">pointed</pageBreakToken>
, the margins papillate. Corolla 1.5-2 cm in diameter, purple, violet or white, with green and white shiny spots at each lobe base, deeply stellate, lobed 3/4 of the way to the base, the lobes 6-8 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, strongly reflexed at anthesis, glabrous or minutely papillate on tips and margins, occasionally densely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes abaxially, glabrous adaxially. Filament tube minute, the free portion of the filaments to 0.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers 4.5-6 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, fused into a single column and tightly connivent, poricidal at the tips, the pores not lengthening to slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style 5-9 mm long, glabrous; stigma minutely capitate, the surface papillose. Fruit a globose to ellipsoid berry, 0.6-1.1 cm long, 0.6-1.5 cm wide, bright red when ripe, the pericarp thin and shiny; fruiting pedicels to 1.3 cm long, 1-1.5 mm in diameter, not markedly woody, spreading. Seeds&gt;30 per berry, ca. 3 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, flattened reniform, pale yellow or tan, the surfaces minutely pitted, the cells of the testa pentagonal. Chromosome number: n=12 (many counts available at ICPN, http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/ipcn.html)
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10291" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 35" startId="F35">
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figure 35.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (All drawn from live plants in Battleboro, Vermont, USA). Illustration by Bobbi Angell.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Distribution of Solanum dulcamara L." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10292" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figure 36</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed across Eurasia and northern North America, where it is also common; sea level to ca. 2000 m. The North American populations are thought to be introductions, but it is possible that the species has a truly circumboreal distribution.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10292" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 36" startId="F36">
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figure 36.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a weedy species and grows in a wide variety of temperate habitats, often associated with water and open places with abundant light. Although somewhat woody, it rarely reaches into the canopy but is more often found in thickets and sprawling in other low vegetation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="common names">
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Common names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Douce-amére">Douce-amere</normalizedToken>
(French); woody nightshade, bittersweet (English speaking Europe)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
Least Concern (LC); EOO&gt;100,000 km2 (LC) and AOO&gt;10,000 km2 (LC). See 
<bibRefCitation author="Moat, J" journalOrPublisher="Pesquisas, Botanica" pageId="322" pageNumber="323" refId="B116" refString="Moat, J, 2007. Conservation assessment tools extension for ArcView 3.x, version 1.2. GIS Unit, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available at http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/cats." title="Conservation assessment tools extension for ArcView 3. x, version 1.2. GIS Unit, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available at http: // www. rbgkew. org. uk / cats" year="2007">Moat (2007)</bibRefCitation>
for explanation of measurements. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a circumboreal distribution and is very common so it is not of conservation concern. Peripheral populations such as those in eastern Russia, however, may harbour interesting genetic variation (see 
<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" publicationUrl="10.1371/journal.pbio.1001067" refId="B80" refString="Knapp, S, 2011. Rarity, species richness and the threat of extinction - are plants the same as animals? PLoS Biology 9(5): e1001067. ., 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001067" title="Rarity, species richness and the threat of extinction - are plants the same as animals? PLoS Biology 9 (5): e 1001067." url="10.1371/journal.pbio.1001067" year="2011">Knapp 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the most variable species in the Dulcamaroid group, all of which show extremes of phenotypic plasticity. It is also the most widespread, and is found throughout the northern hemisphere, in Europe and Asia from Spain to Siberia and into extreme northern Japan, and across the northern United States (reported from Florida on the PLANTS database [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SODU], from where I have seen no specimens), where it is presumed to have been introduced from Europe. I can find no documentary evidence for the introduction of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into the New World, but early collections from North America held in BM (e.g., Bartram, Clayton) do not contain specimens of this species. The earliest collections I have seen are from the Boston area in the early 19th century (e.g., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Dutton</emphasis>
s.n.); it is possible that 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was introduced to North America for its medicinal properties.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
Some of the variation in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be related to habitat (e.g., coastal forms with succulent leaves that have been recognised as var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">marinum</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Raab" authorityYear="1819" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="littorale">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum littorale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) 
<pageBreakToken pageId="99" pageNumber="100" start="start">but</pageBreakToken>
much of the variation is in leaf size and division, pubescence and flower color; I have been able to find no pattern related to either geography or habitat in this variation. 
<bibRefCitation author="Turesson, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="324" pageNumber="325" refId="B156" refString="Turesson, G, 1922. The genotypical response of the plant species to the habitat. Heriditas 3: 15-350." title="The genotypical response of the plant species to the habitat. Heriditas 3: 15 - 350." year="1922">Turesson (1922)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that differences in morphology related to habitat were genetic, despite his finding that in non-coastal environments thick-leaved coastal forms developed thinner, less pubescent leaves. Sun and shade leaves of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been studied for physiological and some morphological properties (Clough et al. 1979a, b). Differences in morphology can occur along a single stem depending upon the shade environment. Unlike some other species in the Dulcmaroid clade (e.g., 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbelliferum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Solanum umbelliferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) variation does easily sort into distinguishable units, but the sheer range and complexity of the variation has led to the description of many taxa within what I recognise here as a single highly polymorphic species, especially in floristic treatments from Central Asia (
<bibRefCitation author="Pojarkova, AI" journalOrPublisher="Linnaea" pageId="323" pageNumber="324" refId="B133" refString="Pojarkova, AI, 1955. Solanaceae. In: Schishkin BB, Bobrov EG (Eds) Flora of the USSR 22: 1-105." title="Solanaceae. In: Schishkin BB, Bobrov EG (Eds) Flora of the USSR 22: 1 - 105." year="1955">Pojarkova 1955</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Schonbeck-Temesy, E" journalOrPublisher=") Flora Iranica" pageId="323" pageNumber="324" pagination="1 - 82" refId="B142" refString="Schonbeck-Temesy, E, 1972. Solanaceae. In: Rechinger KH (Ed.) Flora Iranica 100: 1 - 82" title="Solanaceae. In: Rechinger KH (Ed." volume="100" year="1972">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schönbeck-Temesy">Schoenbeck-Temesy</normalizedToken>
1972
</bibRefCitation>
), where much of the variation exists.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Chemical variation in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also been intensively studied in eastern Europe (
<bibRefCitation author="Mathe, I" journalOrPublisher="Botanikai Koezlemenyek" pageId="322" pageNumber="323" pagination="129 - 134" refId="B108" refString="Mathe, I, Mathe, I [Jr.], 1972. Adatok a Solanum dulcamara L. allakkoerehez. Botanikai Koezlemenyek 59: 129 - 134" title="Adatok a Solanum dulcamara L. allakkoerehez." volume="59" year="1972">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Máthé">Mathe</normalizedToken>
and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Máthé">Mathe</normalizedToken>
1972
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Mathe, I" editor="Hawkes, JG" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, London" pageId="322" pageNumber="323" pagination="211 - 222" refId="B109" refString="Mathe, I, Mathe, I [Jr.], 1979. Variation in alkaloids in Solanum dulcamara L. In: Hawkes, JG, Lester, RN, Skelding, AD, Eds., The biology and taxonomy of the Solanaceae. Academic Press, London: 211 - 222" title="Variation in alkaloids in Solanum dulcamara L." volumeTitle="The biology and taxonomy of the Solanaceae." year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
); populations with pubescent individuals from the northen part of the eastern European range tended to have higher percentages of the alkaloid aglycone tomatidinol while more glabrous populations had higher concentrations of soladulcinine. The concentrations of various alkaloids were affected by the environmental conditions under which plants were grown (
<bibRefCitation author="Mathe, I [Jr.]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Agronomica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae" pageId="322" pageNumber="323" pagination="325 - 334" refId="B110" refString="Mathe, I [Jr.], Toth, G, Vadja, S, Mathe, I, 1975. Study of the effects of ecological factors on Solanum dulcamara. Acta Agronomica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 24: 325 - 334" title="Study of the effects of ecological factors on Solanum dulcamara." volume="24" year="1975">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Máthé">Mathe</normalizedToken>
et al. 1975
</bibRefCitation>
) as well as by what were presumed to be genetic (ecotypic) factors (
<bibRefCitation author="Bernath, J" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany" pageId="317" pageNumber="318" refId="B6" refString="Bernath, J, Tetenyi, P, 1977. Ecological factors - Adaptability - relationship of steroid alkaloid production based on investigation of examen two species, Solanum laciniatum Ait. and Solanum dulcamara L. Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 24: 41-55,." title="Ecological factors - Adaptability - relationship of steroid alkaloid production based on investigation of examen two species, Solanum laciniatum Ait. and Solanum dulcamara L. Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 24: 41 - 55," year="1977">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bernáth">Bernath</normalizedToken>
and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tétényi">Tetenyi</normalizedToken>
1977
</bibRefCitation>
). Clough et al. (1979a) and 
<bibRefCitation author="Pegtel, DM" journalOrPublisher="New Phytologist" pageId="323" pageNumber="324" pagination="671 - 679" refId="B129" refString="Pegtel, DM, 1985. Germination in populations of Solanum dulcamara L. from contrasting habitats. New Phytologist 100: 671 - 679" title="Germination in populations of Solanum dulcamara L. from contrasting habitats." volume="100" year="1985">Pegtel (1985)</bibRefCitation>
both suggested that ecotypic differentiation did not explain the variation observed, but instead that the variability was the result of short-term phenotypic acclimatization to differing environments. A study 
<pageBreakToken pageId="100" pageNumber="101" start="start">using</pageBreakToken>
AFLP (Associated Fragment Length Polyomorphisms) data from Europe-wide accessions of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found almost no genetic variation or population structuring either geographically or in association with habitat (
<bibRefCitation author="Golas, TM" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="319" pageNumber="320" pagination="103 - 110" publicationUrl="10.1007/s00606-009-0260-y" refId="B52" refString="Golas, TM, Feron, RMC, van den Berg, RG, van der, Weerden GM, Mariani, C, Allefs, JJHM, 2010. Genetic structure of European accessions of Solanum dulcamara L. (Solanaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 285: 103 - 110, 10.1007/s00606-009-0260-y" title="Genetic structure of European accessions of Solanum dulcamara L. (Solanaceae)." url="10.1007/s00606-009-0260-y" volume="285" year="2010">Golas et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="100" pageNumber="101">A few of the more extreme forms have recognised at the species level, but the variation in the diagnostic features of these forms is continuous across the range of the species. Identifications of individual specimens by botanists describing these variants were occasionally inconsistent from duplicate to duplicate.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
Plants occurring in the swampy areas around the hot springs at Lenkoran in what is now Azerbaijan were described as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. A. Mey" authorityYear="1831" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kieseritzkii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Solanum kieseritzkii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; all of the collections from this locality are composed of small erect shoots connected with creeping stems and have very small inflorescences of only a few flowers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
Glabrous plants with simple leaves have been recognised as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pojark" authorityYear="1955" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudopersicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Solanum pseudopersicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; glabrous plants with divided leaves as S. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">kitagawae</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
Pubescent plants with simple leaves were described as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Willd" authorityYear="1819" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Solanum persicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; these tended to be from the southern part of the species range in Eurasia, but occur throughout the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
range.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
Large-fruited plants from the eastern margins of the Asian range have been called var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">macrocarpum</emphasis>
; these fruits also tend to be more ellipsoid than globose, but as with other chracters, this occurs sporadically throughout the range of the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
White-flowered plants have been given varietal or subspecific status both in Europe and the United States; polymorphism in flower color is common in 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Solanum</emphasis>
in general.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a long history of use in medicine in Europe and in the United States. 
<bibRefCitation author="Gerard, J." journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="319" pageNumber="320" refId="B50" refString="Gerard, J., 1597. The Herball or Generall historie of plants. John Norton, London." title="The Herball or Generall historie of plants. John Norton, London." year="1597">Gerard (1597</bibRefCitation>
:350) says &quot;The leaves and fruit of the Bitter-sweet are in temperature hot and dry, clensing and wasting away&quot; and cites as its 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Vertues”">&quot;Vertues&quot;</normalizedToken>
effects on liver and spleen, against jaundice and bruising, and of its use to help breathing difficulties and as a restorative after childbirth. The common name bittersweet (or 
<normalizedToken originalValue="douce-amère">douce-amere</normalizedToken>
) comes from the Latin 
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Amaradulcis’">'Amaradulcis'</normalizedToken>
, and refers to the fact that when chewed, the twigs taste at first bitter, then sweet (
<bibRefCitation author="Grieve, M" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="319" pageNumber="320" refId="B55" refString="Grieve, M, 1931. A modern herbal. Jonathan Cape Ltd., London." title="A modern herbal. Jonathan Cape Ltd., London." year="1931">Grieve 1931</bibRefCitation>
). Bittersweet had many uses ranging from inflammatory diseases of all kinds (such as asthma and rheumatism) to nymphomania and syphilis (Dunal 1813; 
<bibRefCitation author="Felter, HW" journalOrPublisher="Sexual Plant Reproduction" pageId="319" pageNumber="320" refId="B46" refString="Felter, HW, Lloyd, JU, 1898. King's American Dispensatory. Ohio Valley Co., Cincinnati." title="King's American Dispensatory. Ohio Valley Co., Cincinnati." year="1898">Felter and Lloyd 1898</bibRefCitation>
); 
<bibRefCitation author="Grieve, M" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="319" pageNumber="320" refId="B55" refString="Grieve, M, 1931. A modern herbal. Jonathan Cape Ltd., London." title="A modern herbal. Jonathan Cape Ltd., London." year="1931">Grieve (1931</bibRefCitation>
: 590) states &quot;there are few complaints for which it has not at some time been recommended.&quot; As 
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Dulcamara’">'Dulcamara'</normalizedToken>
or 
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Dulc’">'Dulc'</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Van Zandvoort, R" journalOrPublisher="New Phytologist" pageId="324" pageNumber="325" refId="B160" refString="Van Zandvoort, R, 1996. The complete repertory: mind-generalities. Institute for Research in Homeopathic Information and Symptomatology, Leidschendam, The Netherlands." title="The complete repertory: mind-generalities. Institute for Research in Homeopathic Information and Symptomatology, Leidschendam, The Netherlands." year="1996">van Zandvoort 1996</bibRefCitation>
), the stems are used still in homeopathic medicine (
<bibRefCitation author="Bharatan, V" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany" pageId="317" pageNumber="318" refId="B8" refString="Bharatan, V, Humphries, CJ, Barnett, JR, 2002. Plant names in homeopathy: an annotated checklist of currently accepted names in use. The Natural History Museum, London." title="Plant names in homeopathy: an annotated checklist of currently accepted names in use. The Natural History Museum, London." year="2002">Bharatan et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
). It is today listed as a poisonous plant in many countries and US states (see for example the FDA at http://www.accessdata.fda.gov). 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Michel-Félix">Michel-Felix</normalizedToken>
Dunal treated the uses and superstitions associated with this species (Dunal 1813) and concluded that the many properties attributed to bittersweet were mostly not substantiated in fact. The steroidal alkaloids responsible for the active properties of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were not discovered until the late 19th century, they are principally dulcamarine and solanine, the first of which is responsible for the bittersweet taste and the second for the narcotic effects (
<bibRefCitation author="Grieve, M" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="319" pageNumber="320" refId="B55" refString="Grieve, M, 1931. A modern herbal. Jonathan Cape Ltd., London." title="A modern herbal. Jonathan Cape Ltd., London." year="1931">Grieve 1931</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been thought to be an intermediate host and possible source of primary infections for several agronomically important potato diseases such as late blight (caused by the oomycete 
<taxonomicName class="Peronosporea" family="Peronosporaceae" genus="Phytophthora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" lsidName="" order="Peronosporales" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Oomycota" rank="species" species="infestans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Phytophthora infestans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Mont.) de Bary) and 
<pageBreakToken pageId="101" pageNumber="102" start="start">brown</pageBreakToken>
rot/bacterial wilt (caused by the bacterium 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Ralstonia solanacearum</emphasis>
(Smith) Smith). Eradication of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been attempted as a control of brown rot (Persson 1998), and use of water from ditches in which 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows is a known cause of brown rot spread in irrigated potato fields. The role of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the spread of late blight, however, has been shown to be minimal (Golas et al. 2010b), as most plants are resistant, and those that are susceptible to the disease do not harbour it over winter. Even in very favourable conditions only sporadic infections occur (
<bibRefCitation author="Cooke, LR" journalOrPublisher="Plant Physiology" pageId="318" pageNumber="319" publicationUrl="10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00705.x" refId="B27" refString="Cooke, LR, Carlisle, DJ, Wilson, DG, Deahl, KL, 2002. Natural occurrence of Phytophthora infestans on woody nightshade (Solanum dulcamara) in Ireland. Plant Pathology 51: 392. ., 10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00705.x" title="Natural occurrence of Phytophthora infestans on woody nightshade (Solanum dulcamara) in Ireland. Plant Pathology 51: 392." url="10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00705.x" year="2002">Cooke et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Flier, WG" journalOrPublisher="Plant Pathology" pageId="319" pageNumber="320" pagination="595 - 603" publicationUrl="10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00922.x" refId="B47" refString="Flier, WG, Van den Bosch, GBM, Turkensteen, LJ, 2003. Epidemiological importance of Solanum sisymbrifolium, Solanum nigrum and Solanum dulcamara as alternative hosts for Phytophthora infestans. Plant Pathology 52: 595 - 603, 10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00922.x" title="Epidemiological importance of Solanum sisymbrifolium, Solanum nigrum and Solanum dulcamara as alternative hosts for Phytophthora infestans." url="10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00922.x" volume="52" year="2003">Flier et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Dandurand, LM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Potato Research" pageId="318" pageNumber="319" pagination="205 - 210" publicationUrl="10.1007/BF02872156" refId="B32" refString="Dandurand, LM, Knudsen, GR, Eberlein, CV, 2006. Suseptibility of five nightshade (Solanum) species to Phytophthora infestans. American Journal of Potato Research 83: 205 - 210, 10.1007/BF02872156" title="Suseptibility of five nightshade (Solanum) species to Phytophthora infestans." url="10.1007/BF02872156" volume="83" year="2006">Dandurand et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has novel genes for resistance to late blight, and there is scope for its use in new potato breeding programs in Europe (Golas et al. 2010b). Little work has been done to investigate the mechanisms or genetics of resistance to the major diseases of potato in species outside the Potato clade, but new breeding methods have stimulated the investigation of disease in wild species such as 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Golas et al. 2010b) and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Solanum nigrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., a European hexaploid member of the Morelloid clade (
<bibRefCitation author="Lebecka, R" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Plant Pathology" pageId="321" pageNumber="322" pagination="233 - 240" publicationUrl="10.1007/s10658-007-9211-z" refId="B89" refString="Lebecka, R, 2008. Host-pathogen interaction between Phytophthora infestans and Solanum nigrum, Solanum villosum and Solanum scabrum. European Journal of Plant Pathology 120: 233 - 240, 10.1007/s10658-007-9211-z" title="Host-pathogen interaction between Phytophthora infestans and Solanum nigrum, Solanum villosum and Solanum scabrum." url="10.1007/s10658-007-9211-z" volume="120" year="2008">Lebecka 2008</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Lebecka, R" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Plant Pathology" pageId="321" pageNumber="322" pagination="345 - 348" publicationUrl="10.1007/s10658-008-9414-y" refId="B90" refString="Lebecka, R, 2009. Inheritance of resistance in Solanum nigrum to Phytophthora infestans. European Journal of Plant Pathology 124: 345 - 348, 10.1007/s10658-008-9414-y" title="Inheritance of resistance in Solanum nigrum to Phytophthora infestans." url="10.1007/s10658-008-9414-y" volume="124" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
Typification of the many synonyms of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been very difficult. Many of the early names are found in early 19th century floristic accounts, and while validly and effectively published, usually do not cite specimens. I suspect many of these were not necessarily based on specimens, but rather on field observations. I have not neotypified any of the synonyms for which I could not find specimens directly linked to the original description. In addition, many of the European floras coined complex series of replacement names in the early parts of the 19th century, before the codes of nomenclature became firmly established. Where I have been able to trace the identity and derivation of epithets at varying ranks through citation of specimens I recognised these names as homotypic, but for many of the early names (e.g., those coined by George Don in 1838) the links are very tenuous and I have thus recognised them as heterotypic (and often have not designated types).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
The type of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Willd" authorityYear="1819" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Solanum persicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a Pallas specimen held in Berlin, now destroyed. A Pallas specimen in BM that matches the description perfectly has been selected as a neotype, although it may not be a duplicate of the original.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
The many varietal names coined by George Don (1838) were based not on specimens, but on literature references (e.g., var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">album</emphasis>
) or personal observations (var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">hirsutum</emphasis>
). His var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">hirsutum</emphasis>
referred to plants that were &quot;Hairy or downy. .. On the sea coast&quot;, with no specimens or plates cited. I have not neotypified this name. Varieties 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">album</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">violaceum</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">plenum</emphasis>
were based on one plate (plate 46) in 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Hortus Eystettensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Besler, B" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany" pageId="317" pageNumber="318" refId="B7" refString="Besler, B, 1613. Hortus eystettensis. Nuremberg: published by the author." title="Hortus eystettensis. Nuremberg: published by the author." year="1613">Besler 1613</bibRefCitation>
) which is composed of three plants (see 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figure 37. &quot; Dulcis amara &quot; from Hortus Eystettensis (Besler 1613). The centre plant is clearly Nigella (Ranunculaceae), but was described as a variety of Solanum dulcamara by David Don. Reproduced with permission of the Natural History Museum Botany Library." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10293" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Figure 37</figureCitation>
): one white-flowered 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that I have designated as the lectotype of var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">album</emphasis>
, one violet flowered 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that I have designated the lectotype of var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">violaceum</emphasis>
, and a central plant, used by Don as the basis for var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">plenum</emphasis>
, that is a drawing of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Nigella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ranunculales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="sativa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Nigella sativa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Ranunculaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ranunculaceae</taxonomicName>
) (see 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figure 37. &quot; Dulcis amara &quot; from Hortus Eystettensis (Besler 1613). The centre plant is clearly Nigella (Ranunculaceae), but was described as a variety of Solanum dulcamara by David Don. Reproduced with permission of the Natural History Museum Botany Library." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10293" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Figure 37</figureCitation>
). He cannot have been looking very carefully!
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10293" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" start="Figure 37" startId="F37">
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Figure 37.</emphasis>
&quot;Dulcis amara&quot; from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Hortus Eystettensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Besler, B" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany" pageId="317" pageNumber="318" refId="B7" refString="Besler, B, 1613. Hortus eystettensis. Nuremberg: published by the author." title="Hortus eystettensis. Nuremberg: published by the author." year="1613">Besler 1613</bibRefCitation>
). The centre plant is clearly Nigella (
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Ranunculaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ranunculaceae</taxonomicName>
), but was described as a variety of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by David Don. Reproduced with permission of the Natural History Museum Botany Library.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation author="Petermann, GL" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="323" pageNumber="324" refId="B131" refString="Petermann, GL, 1838. Flora Lipsiensis excursoria. J. Ambrose, Leipzig." title="Flora Lipsiensis excursoria. J. Ambrose, Leipzig." year="1838">Petermann (1838)</bibRefCitation>
coined several new infraspecific taxa in his local flora of the Leipzig region; I have found no material related to these names. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maximowiczii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Solanum maximowiczii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was based on &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">ovatum</emphasis>
Maxim.&quot; and was coined at the specific 
<pageBreakToken pageId="102" pageNumber="103" start="start">level</pageBreakToken>
to represent that variety. In his discussion of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, Maximowicz (
<bibRefCitation author="Regel, E" journalOrPublisher="Linnaea" pageId="323" pageNumber="324" refId="B134" refString="Regel, E, Maximowicz, C, 1870. 1869 Supplementum ad Index Seminum anni 1868 quae Hortus Botanicus Imperalis Petropolitanus pro mutua commutatione offert. St. Petersburg." title="1869 Supplementum ad Index Seminum anni 1868 quae Hortus Botanicus Imperalis Petropolitanus pro mutua commutatione offert. St. Petersburg." year="1870">Regel and Maximowicz 1870</bibRefCitation>
) refered explicity to 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dunal’s">Dunal's</normalizedToken>
variety 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">ovatum</emphasis>
and did not coin a new name. Thus, this specific epithet is homotypic with the chain of epithets linked to the variety 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">ovatum</emphasis>
treated by Maximowicz, ultimately traceable to the (presumably) first instance of this varietal name being used in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Petermann’s">Petermann's</normalizedToken>
floristic treatment (
<bibRefCitation author="Petermann, GL" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="323" pageNumber="324" refId="B131" refString="Petermann, GL, 1838. Flora Lipsiensis excursoria. J. Ambrose, Leipzig." title="Flora Lipsiensis excursoria. J. Ambrose, Leipzig." year="1838">Petermann 1838</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation author="Dunal, M-F" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="318" pageNumber="319" refId="B43" refString="Dunal, M-F, 1852. Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13(1): 1-690. V. Masson, Paris." title="Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13 (1): 1 - 690. V. Masson, Paris." year="1852">Dunal (1852)</bibRefCitation>
, cited by Maximowicz, cites Opiz (
<bibRefCitation author="Berchtold, BW von" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany" pageId="317" pageNumber="318" refId="B5" refString="Berchtold, BW von, Opiz, PM, 1843. Solanen, In Oekonomicsh-technische Flora Boehmens 3: I-LI. Prague." title="Solanen, In Oekonomicsh-technische Flora Boehmens 3: I-LI. Prague." year="1843">Berchtold and Opiz 1843</bibRefCitation>
) 
<pageBreakToken pageId="103" pageNumber="104" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
Opiz cites Petermann as the origin of the varietal name. I have found no specimens associated with these names.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dunal’s">Dunal's</normalizedToken>
(1852) treatment of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prodromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Prodromus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a broad range of variation recognised as a single taxon; he recognised 14 infraspecific entities at two levels, mostly based on literature citations, his final words in the description - &quot;Multum variat.&quot; - 
<normalizedToken originalValue="couldn’t">couldn't</normalizedToken>
be more true. He recognised as A, B and C forms previously recognised by Opiz (
<bibRefCitation author="Berchtold, BW von" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany" pageId="317" pageNumber="318" refId="B5" refString="Berchtold, BW von, Opiz, PM, 1843. Solanen, In Oekonomicsh-technische Flora Boehmens 3: I-LI. Prague." title="Solanen, In Oekonomicsh-technische Flora Boehmens 3: I-LI. Prague." year="1843">Berchtold and Opiz 1843</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<bibRefCitation author="Petermann, GL" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="323" pageNumber="324" refId="B131" refString="Petermann, GL, 1838. Flora Lipsiensis excursoria. J. Ambrose, Leipzig." title="Flora Lipsiensis excursoria. J. Ambrose, Leipzig." year="1838">Petermann (1838)</bibRefCitation>
- 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">cordatum</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">ovatum</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">hastiifolia</emphasis>
(as 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">hastaefolia</emphasis>
). Below them on the page he recognised a series of 11 taxa (&quot;Hae tres formae vicissum variant&quot;) that he listed with Greek letters (α to 
<normalizedToken originalValue="ξ">ξ</normalizedToken>
, leaving out 
<normalizedToken originalValue="ι">ι</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="κ">κ</normalizedToken>
and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="λ">λ</normalizedToken>
), some of which had binomial and others polynomial epithets. Infraspecific taxa denominated with Greek letters in 
<bibRefCitation author="Dunal, M-F" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="318" pageNumber="319" refId="B43" refString="Dunal, M-F, 1852. Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13(1): 1-690. V. Masson, Paris." title="Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13 (1): 1 - 690. V. Masson, Paris." year="1852">Dunal (1852)</bibRefCitation>
have always been recognised at the varietal rank, and no where else in the treatment of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prodromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Prodromus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does Dunal use an apparently nested set of ranks as he does with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. I am therefore assuming that he intended his A, B and C ranks to be hierarchically above the varietal epithets and have treated them as subspecies in the synonymy. It is possible that var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">hastiifolia</emphasis>
of Opiz is in fact an illegitimate name for var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">flexuosa</emphasis>
, as it seems from the text that Opiz (
<bibRefCitation author="Berchtold, BW von" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany" pageId="317" pageNumber="318" refId="B5" refString="Berchtold, BW von, Opiz, PM, 1843. Solanen, In Oekonomicsh-technische Flora Boehmens 3: I-LI. Prague." title="Solanen, In Oekonomicsh-technische Flora Boehmens 3: I-LI. Prague." year="1843">Berchtold and Opiz 1843</bibRefCitation>
) treated this variety as the typical one, but I cannot be certain and so have recognised it as legitimate. The polynomial varietal epithets (e.g., &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">corollis violaceis</emphasis>
&quot;, &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">corollis albis</emphasis>
&quot;, &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">corollis carneis</emphasis>
&quot;, &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">flore pleno</emphasis>
&quot;, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">corollis variegatis</emphasis>
&quot;) are not legitimate names; I have lectotypified the rest based on either herbarium material or literature citations cited by Dunal. For var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">laciniatum</emphasis>
, Dunal cited specimens in both P and G-DC; I have found only the G-DC sheet, so have selected it as the lectotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
The holotype of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forma 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">subglabrum</emphasis>
was destroyed in Berlin and a duplicate of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kuntze’s">Kuntze's</normalizedToken>
collection held in NY has been selected as the lectotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
In describing 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">macrocarpum</emphasis>
, Maximowicz (
<bibRefCitation author="Regel, E" journalOrPublisher="Linnaea" pageId="323" pageNumber="324" refId="B134" refString="Regel, E, Maximowicz, C, 1870. 1869 Supplementum ad Index Seminum anni 1868 quae Hortus Botanicus Imperalis Petropolitanus pro mutua commutatione offert. St. Petersburg." title="1869 Supplementum ad Index Seminum anni 1868 quae Hortus Botanicus Imperalis Petropolitanus pro mutua commutatione offert. St. Petersburg." year="1870">Regel and Maximowicz 1870</bibRefCitation>
) cites as a locality &quot;Circa Hakodate insulae Jezo pluribus locis&quot;. Several collections of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maximowicz’s">Maximowicz's</normalizedToken>
from Hakodate dated 1861 are held at LE; others are in BM, GH and NY. It is very unclear whether any of these are true duplicates, so I have selected one of the flowering and fruiting sheets at LE as the lectotype and another at LE that is almost identical in morphology as a possible isolectotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Wasibecker’s">Wasibecker's</normalizedToken>
(1895) 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Solanum rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a later homonym of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Solanum rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
H.W.Schmidt. It is possible that the name 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serpentini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Solanum serpentini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Borbas &amp; Waisb., apparently coined in 1897 (
<bibRefCitation author="Soo, R" journalOrPublisher=") A Magyar flora es vegetacio rendszertani-noevenyfldrajzi kezikoenyve" pageId="323" pageNumber="324" pagination="145 - 161" refId="B145" refString="Soo, R, 1968. Solanaceae. In: Soo R (Ed.) A Magyar flora es vegetacio rendszertani-noevenyfldrajzi kezikoenyve 3: 145 - 161" title="Solanaceae. In: Soo R (Ed." volume="3" year="1968">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Soó">Soo</normalizedToken>
1968
</bibRefCitation>
: 153) is a replacement name for the homonym, as the epithet indicates an origin on serpentine soils (like the type of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Solanum rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Waisb.). I have been unable to locate the place of publication of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serpentini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Solanum serpentini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and so treat 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Solanum rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Waisb. as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serpentini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Solanum serpentini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a doubtful name (see Doubtful and excluded names and Names not validly published).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<bibRefCitation author="Mathe, I" journalOrPublisher="Botanikai Koezlemenyek" pageId="322" pageNumber="323" pagination="129 - 134" refId="B108" refString="Mathe, I, Mathe, I [Jr.], 1972. Adatok a Solanum dulcamara L. allakkoerehez. Botanikai Koezlemenyek 59: 129 - 134" title="Adatok a Solanum dulcamara L. allakkoerehez." volume="59" year="1972">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Máthé">Mathe</normalizedToken>
and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Máthé">Mathe</normalizedToken>
(1972)
</bibRefCitation>
undertook an exhaustive study of the variation of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Hungary and described two new variants, one at the form level (forma 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">lucidum</emphasis>
) and the other (luc. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">atroviolaceum</emphasis>
) at the rank 
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘lucus’">'lucus'</normalizedToken>
that was used in by Hungarian botanists between variety and forma. He followed 
<bibRefCitation author="Soo, R" journalOrPublisher=") A Magyar flora es vegetacio rendszertani-noevenyfldrajzi kezikoenyve" pageId="323" pageNumber="324" pagination="145 - 161" refId="B145" refString="Soo, R, 1968. Solanaceae. In: Soo R (Ed.) A Magyar flora es vegetacio rendszertani-noevenyfldrajzi kezikoenyve 3: 145 - 161" title="Solanaceae. In: Soo R (Ed." volume="3" year="1968">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Soó">Soo</normalizedToken>
(1968)
</bibRefCitation>
who transfered many earlier epithets to the rank of lucus, however, none of these are validly published, as no explicit reference to the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="basionym’s">basionym's</normalizedToken>
place of publication was made as is required by the 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Code</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<pageBreakToken pageId="104" pageNumber="105" start="start">I</pageBreakToken>
here cite specimens I have examined; these do not cover all European countries, although 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recorded from throughout Europe. I have selectively cited material from the range edges, as that is where I anticipated taxonomic problems might lie. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulcamara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Solanum dulcamara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very commonly collected and the specimens cited here do not completely represent the range.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Afghanistan</emphasis>
. Kurrum valley, at Zabardastkalla and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alikhél">Alikhel</normalizedToken>
, Dec 1879, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Aitchison 861</emphasis>
(BM, GH, K, LE, S); Sere Tange, south of Marshad valley, Keshan, 1250 m, 30 Jun 1969, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Carter 375</emphasis>
(K); Parwan, 33 miles from main Salang road, by side of Gharband River, 1920 m, 13 Jun 1969, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Hewer 1274</emphasis>
(K, LE); Gulbahar, 14 May 1937, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Koelz 11428</emphasis>
(LE, US).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Albania</emphasis>
. Shkoder, North Albania, environs of the city of Shkoder near the river Umri, 14 Jul 1959, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Kuvaev 95 4</emphasis>
(LE).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Algeria</emphasis>
. Clemcen, vers les Cascades, 800 m, 24 Aug 1932, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Faure</emphasis>
s.n. (S); Elenicens?, Aug 1849, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Romain</emphasis>
s.n. (BM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Andorra</emphasis>
. Santa Julia de Loria, de borda del Sabater a Tolse, 840 m, 27 Aug 2002, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Aedo et al. 8428</emphasis>
(MA).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Armenia</emphasis>
. Kafanskii Region, near Ang, 24 Aug 1980, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Avetisyan</emphasis>
s.n. (MO); Karassan, 1837, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Koch</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Arpa, between Iahichevan and Yerevan River Arpa to the right of the bridge, 21 Jun 1974, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Mamakli</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Kirovakan station, 26 May 1953, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Tamamschian, S</emphasis>
., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">s.n.</emphasis>
(LE); Megra, Megrinskii Region, 21 Jul 1954, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Tamamshek &amp; Deiisova</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Kirovakai, 26 Aug 1953, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Tamaschira</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Alaverdskii reg.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">,</emphasis>
S. Sanain, Uzunar, 25 Jul 1960, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Avegisyan &amp; Gabrielian</emphasis>
s.n. (LE).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Austria</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Tyrol</emphasis>
: Tirolia centralis, in valle Gschnitz prope pagum Trins, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Kerner 3290</emphasis>
(BM, LE); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Vienna</emphasis>
: Wien, erster Bezirk, an der Grundmauer des Naturhistorischen Museums auf der Seite der Ballariastrasse, 200 m, 2 Oct 1992, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Wallnöfer">Wallnoefer</normalizedToken>
4212
</emphasis>
(BM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Azerbaijan</emphasis>
. Distr. Schemacha, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fagraüksch">Fagraueksch</normalizedToken>
, Prope st. Scharodilskaja, ad lacum 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fagraüksch">Fagraueksch</normalizedToken>
, 792 m, 8 Aug 1900, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Alexeenko 11304</emphasis>
(LE); Bakinskaya 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oblast’">Oblast'</normalizedToken>
, Kusary, Kubinskii region, 20 Jul 1900, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Grigoreev 20</emphasis>
(LE); Lenkoran, 1834, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Hohenacker</emphasis>
s.n. (G-DC, K, LE, MO); Distr. Kuba, Seput, 24 Jul 1930, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Kasumova</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Eshakchi, 3 Jul 1909, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Kirichenko</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Shirvan steppe, inter Kerzi-Kent et Kotoran, 24 Aug 1930, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Kolakovskii</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Gandzha 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oblast’">Oblast'</normalizedToken>
, District Kazakh, near the road to Poyly, 13 Jun 1928, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Kolakovskii</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Lenkoranskiy Okrug, [near village of Nipolaevna, on river Vilyazh-chai], 30 Jul 1931, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Matveeva 791</emphasis>
(LE); Gandzha 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oblast’">Oblast'</normalizedToken>
, Bardy, Agdam District, on the Karabkh steppe, near town, by the River Terter, 17 Aug 1927, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Prilipko</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); distr. Saljany, Saljany, prope st. Dzhafarchan, 6 Jul 1927, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Prilipko</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); distr. Lenkoran, Tangovan, near village Tangovan, 26 Jun 1931, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Shipchinskii 275</emphasis>
(LE); Talysh, Lenkoranskii, 16th km on the road from Lenkoran to Leric, left bank of the river Lenkoran-chai, 100 m, 1 Jul 1952, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Vasiliev &amp; Vasilieva</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); 18 km from Sheka, 26 Jun 1972, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Vlasov</emphasis>
s.n. (LE).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Belgium</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Brussels</emphasis>
: garden on Chaussee Pas in Auderghem, near a forest east of Brussels area, Jul 1987, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Geerinck-Coutrez 4343</emphasis>
(BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">West Flanders</emphasis>
: Knokke, Le Zwin, 21 Jun 1971, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Auquier et al.</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Knokke, Zrvin, 8 Aug 1955, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lonvalrée">Lonvalree</normalizedToken>
6781
</emphasis>
(BM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<pageBreakToken pageId="105" pageNumber="106" start="start">Bosnia-Herzegovina</pageBreakToken>
</emphasis>
. Mostar, 1886, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bornmüller">Bornmueller</normalizedToken>
1405
</emphasis>
(B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Bulgaria</emphasis>
. Varna, Aug 1886, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bornmüller">Bornmueller</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
s.n. (B); 8-9 km W of Velingrad, along the stream Lukovica, 980 m, 8 Jul 1982, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Frost-Olsen 4401</emphasis>
(MA); Vitosa, 10 Jun 1927, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Georgieff</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Malkija Kozuh, Struma valley by the hill Malkija Kozuh, 9 Jun 1980, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Kuzmanov 801405</emphasis>
(B); Samokor, 30 Aug 1912, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Post 277</emphasis>
(G); Sliven, 16 Jul 1907, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Schneider 710</emphasis>
(BM); Prilap, May 1917, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Stribrny</emphasis>
s.n. (LE).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Canada</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">British Columbia</emphasis>
: Vancouver, Vancouver 8: Alma. Roadside, 18 Jul 1954, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Bird 43</emphasis>
(BM);, S. Okanagon, White Lake, Oliver road, 480 m, 6 Jul 1961, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Vrugtman &amp; Campbell 610348</emphasis>
(BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">New Brunswick</emphasis>
: Kent County, Newcastle, rocky shore of Miramichi River, 17 Jul 1945, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Dore &amp; Gorham 45555</emphasis>
(G); St. John County, Fairville, near St. John River, 19 Sep 1926, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fernald et al. 394</emphasis>
(GH); Bass River, Kent County, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fowler</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Newfoundland</emphasis>
: Salmonier, 1931, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Ayre</emphasis>
s.n. (GH); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Nova Scotia</emphasis>
: Annapolis County, Granville, North Mtn, 18 Jul 1921, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Bartram &amp; Long 24435</emphasis>
(GH, LE); Yarmouth County, Markland, Cape Forchu, 13 Jul 1921, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fernald et al. 24434</emphasis>
(K, LE); Shelburne County, East Jordan, 4 Aug 1921, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fernald &amp; Long 24436</emphasis>
(GH); Halifax County, Halifax, 30 Sep 1924, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Jack 3644</emphasis>
(GH); Guysborough County, Guysborough, 14 Aug 1930, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Rousseau 35472</emphasis>
(K); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Ontario</emphasis>
: Plevna, 26 Jul 1902, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fowler</emphasis>
s.n. (GH); Hastings County, Marmora, Concession 3-4, Twin Sister Lakes, 8.5 miles NNE of Marmora, 14 Aug 1952, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Gillett &amp; Hammond. 6922</emphasis>
(G); Bruce County, Tobermory, 2 Jul 1933, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Krotkov 7758</emphasis>
(GH); Waterloo County, Westmount Woods, 1 mi. W of Kitchener, 16 Jun 1939, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Montgomery 338</emphasis>
(GH); Brittania, 18 Jun 1921, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Rolland 15680</emphasis>
(GH); Halton County, Great Lakes Region, Lake Medad, 25 Jun 1940, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Soper &amp; Burcher 2011</emphasis>
(BM, GH); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Prince Edward Island</emphasis>
: Queens County, Charlottetown, 28 Aug 1912, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fernald et al. 7789</emphasis>
(GH); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Quebec</emphasis>
: Iberville County, Ile aux Noix, 12 Aug 1928, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Adrien 2098</emphasis>
(K, LE); Missisquoi, Noyan, 23 Jun 1959, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Gervais &amp; Lavigne</emphasis>
s.n. (G); Pontiac County, Beech Grove, 19 Aug 1943, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Lamarre</emphasis>
s.n. (MA).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Croatia</emphasis>
. Dalmatia, Spalolo, Mossor, 1886, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bornmüller">Bornmueller</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
s.n. (B); Golubevec coal district, 1924, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Leathes</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); island of Veglia (Crk-Venica), Sep 1924, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Leathes</emphasis>
s.n. (BM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Denmark</emphasis>
. Copenhagen, Lyngby Mose, 14 Jul 1941, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Dahl D-45 a</emphasis>
(BM); Odder, Sondrup Plantage, ca. 11km S of Odder, W part of the plantation, 25 Jul 1978, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Frost-Olsen 1748</emphasis>
(LE); Lake 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tissø">Tisso</normalizedToken>
, D42, Jul 1968, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Hjorih-Olsen 10</emphasis>
(BM); Jutland, Silkeborg, Borre Lake, 1 Aug 1968, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Jensen et al. 464</emphasis>
(BM, MA); North Jutland, Stenbjerg, 9 Jul 1964, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Larsen &amp; Laegaard</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Skagen, 9 Aug 1973, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Larsen et al. S.L. 6847</emphasis>
(BM, MA).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Egypt</emphasis>
. Sin. loc, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Anon</emphasis>
., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">s.n.</emphasis>
(LE).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Estonia</emphasis>
. At village Oiu, 12 Sep 1967, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Aasamaa 11616</emphasis>
(MO); Dorpet [Dorpat = Tartu], 12 Jul 1860, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Gruner</emphasis>
s.n. (BM);Vijlandi County
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">,</emphasis>
Tipu, River Halliste, 14 Jul 1994, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Reier</emphasis>
s.n. (B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Finland</emphasis>
. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pyhäranta">Pyhaeranta</normalizedToken>
, Rihtniemi point and village, 21 Aug 1968, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Alava et al.</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Nauvo, Seili, near church, 4 Aug 1976, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Arkkola et al.</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Åland">Aland</normalizedToken>
, Nafsby, Prov. Hammarland, 28 Jul 1963, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Haakana</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Kupittaa, Turku, Varsinais-Suomi, 14 Aug 1924, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Kari</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); South 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Häme">Haeme</normalizedToken>
, Heinola, Tommola, Maitiaislahti, 7 Aug 1980, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Kemppainen</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kärkölä">Kaerkoelae</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Järvelä">Jaervelae</normalizedToken>
, middle part of the NE shore 
<pageBreakToken pageId="106" pageNumber="107" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
Lake 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hähkäjärvi">Haehkaejaervi</normalizedToken>
, just NW of the man-made cape, 97 m, 29 Jun 1992, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Lampinen 14764</emphasis>
(MA); Kuitia, Parainen, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lemlaxö">Lemlaxoe</normalizedToken>
, 7 Aug 1971, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Kukkonen 9106</emphasis>
(LE); Sauvo, Karona, near the church, 13 Jul 1976, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lempiäinen">Lempiaeinen</normalizedToken>
&amp; Ravanko
</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); Broby, Nylandia, par. Pyttis, 28 Jun 1963, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
Majander &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nordström">Nordstroem</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Norra byn, par. Sottunga, 11 Jul 1973, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nordström">Nordstroem</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Uusimaa, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jätkäsaari">Jaetkaesaari</normalizedToken>
, Helsinki, harbour, 28 Jul 1968, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Oinonen</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Versinais-Suomi, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Iniö">Inioe</normalizedToken>
, Norrby, 13 Jul 1929, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Valle</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); Jyddo-ojen, Foglo, Ahvenanmaa (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Åland">Aland</normalizedToken>
), 29 Aug 1907, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Wahlberg</emphasis>
s.n. (LE).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">France</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Alsace</emphasis>
: at the edge of the river at Haguenau, 24 Jul 1846, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Billot 160</emphasis>
(BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Auvergne</emphasis>
: Auliac, 26 Sep 1835, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Anonymous</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); chemin de Surat 
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
Maringues; chemin de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bussière">Bussiere</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
St.Clement, Jun 1906, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Caumel 334</emphasis>
(BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Brittany</emphasis>
: chemin de Chantenay 
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
Rochemaurice, 12 Aug 1901, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Gadeceau 5106</emphasis>
(BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Corsica</emphasis>
: zwischen Pte 
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Abatesco">d'Abatesco</normalizedToken>
und Mignattaja S von Ghisonaccia, 10 Aug 1933, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Aellen 4601</emphasis>
(LE); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Languedoc-Rousillon</emphasis>
: Bouches du Rhone, Camargue, Tour du Valat, SE of Mas, 11 Jun 1968, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Kendrick &amp; Moyes 231</emphasis>
(BM); Bouche du Rhone, Camargue, Etang de la Dame, 2 miles SE of Salin de Giraud, 21 Jun 1968, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Kendrick &amp; Moyes 346</emphasis>
(BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Loire-Atlantique</emphasis>
: Ouest de France, environs de Vertou, Jun 1880, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Gadeceau</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Nord Pas de Calais</emphasis>
: Beuvrequent, ruisselet de Slack, 24 Jul 1986, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Coutrez 3780</emphasis>
(MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Pays-de-la Loire</emphasis>
: Nantes, loin le Fevre, 18 Jul 1847, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Genevier</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Picardy</emphasis>
: Aisne, St. Quentin, Jun 1871, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Moignier</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Poiteau Charente</emphasis>
: Rochel, Plaisance en 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oléron">Oleron</normalizedToken>
(Charente-Inferieure), 20 Oct 1892, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Reau</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rhône-Alpes">Rhone-Alpes</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Bonneville, bords 
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Arve">d'Arve</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Depierre</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Haute Savoie, route 
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Etrumbiern">d'Etrumbiern</normalizedToken>
a Mornex, 14 Jun 1859, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Déséglise">Deseglise</normalizedToken>
281
</emphasis>
(BM); Hirault, Mont Blanc, Station Crenugua, 7 Jul 1954, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Witte 14547</emphasis>
(MA).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="107" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Georgia</emphasis>
. Dusheti District, south and east of Fudauri, north of Pasanauri, slopes along Georgian M3 Road (Georgian Military Highway), 1784 m, 5 Aug 2005, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Atha et al. 5005</emphasis>
(US); Chevsurya, between Barshak and Reshka, 1 Jul 1903, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Busch</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Akmolinsk prov., Kokczetav District, 4 May 1913, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Drobov 203</emphasis>
(S); South of the Krestovyy Pereval, Georgian Military Highway, Belaya Aragvi valley, between Ordzhonikidze and Tbilisi, Gruzinskaya S.S.R. along walls in the village of Mleti, 4 Jul 1971, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Jenkins 2946</emphasis>
(BM); Somchetya, Teleti, near Tiblisi, Oct 1923, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Juzepczuk</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Klukhorskii, between villages of [illegible] and Madniekheva, 13 Aug 1946, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Kemularia-Nathadze &amp; Chinthibidze</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Kutaisi, Ozur, 15 Jun 1914, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Kikodse</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Abkhasia, Teberdinskii, Protected Area [Terbeda], 1938, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Komarov &amp; Komarova</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Kazbek, Dushetskii region, near the 31st field, Tifliskaya Province, 1916, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Krylov &amp; Steinberg</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Megrelia, near village Inghuri towards city Tobashi, 14 Aug 1952, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Madenova &amp; Kuthatheladze</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); along the Georgian Military road in the area of Krestovi Pass N of Tibilisi, 31 Jul 1984, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">McNeal et al. 332</emphasis>
(MO); Atskhur, Akhaltsikhskii region, vicinity of village Atskhur, 16 Jul 1926, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Meffert 314</emphasis>
(LE); Kazbegi, Aug 1971, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Menitskii</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Abkhasia, Sukhumsk, District of Tsebeld, in the Peukirskoe gorge on open slopes of the mountain Agysh near the road, 23 Aug 1937, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Pobedimova 383</emphasis>
(LE); Abkhasia, Gagra, on the lower road towards Zhoevarskii waterfall, 4 Nov 1915, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Sakharov</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Mtiuleti, Kasbegi Region, Dariali Gorge, Greater Caucasus Mountain Range; ca. 12 km N of Kasbegi village, on footpath to Gveleti village 
<pageBreakToken pageId="107" pageNumber="108" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
local waterfalls, 1600 m, 24 Aug 1998, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Schmidt et al. 2891</emphasis>
(G); Tiblisi, by the River Vera, 26 May 1917, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Shishkin</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Adzharskaya, Nizovaya Natanebi, 4 Aug 1948, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Sochava &amp; Semenova</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Adzharskaya, gorge of the river Bakhvis-tskali, 9 May 1941, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Tatishvili</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); valley of the River Terek to the south of the Station Lars, 25 Aug 1949, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Vasilchenko et al. 926</emphasis>
(LE); Sukhum, on the right bank of the River Besleta, near the famous factory, 29 Jul 1951, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Vasiliev</emphasis>
s.n. (LE).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Germany</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Bayern</emphasis>
: Oberbayern, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="München">Muenchen</normalizedToken>
, obhere Speilbahn des Golfplatzes Thalkirchen 1 km sudlich des 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Asam-Schlössels">Asam-Schloessels</normalizedToken>
, 550 m, 12 Jul 1992, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Förther">Foerther</normalizedToken>
48
</emphasis>
(B); Lkr. Ostallgau, NW Trauchgau, 845 m, 24 Jul 2001, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Herb. Willing [Willing &amp; Willing] 13418 D</emphasis>
(B); Lkr. Garmisch-Partenkirchen, SW 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Krün">Kruen</normalizedToken>
, 911 m, 5 Aug 2001, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Herb. Willing [Willing &amp; Willing] 15543 D</emphasis>
(B); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Berlin</emphasis>
: Pichelswerder, Bez. Spandau, 35 m, 4 Jun 1998, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Herb. Willing [Eisenblatter &amp; Willing] 4624</emphasis>
(B); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">North Rhine-Westphalia</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Münster">Muenster</normalizedToken>
in Westfalen, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Wilms</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Rheinland-Pfalz</emphasis>
: Westerwaldkreis, Seeburg, westerwalder Seenplatte, Haidenwalder bei Seeburg, 421 m, 2 Jul 1978, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Kalheber 78-424</emphasis>
(B); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Schleswig-Holstein</emphasis>
: Rendsburg, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Larsen et al. 106</emphasis>
(BM, LE, MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Thüringen">Thueringen</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Am Ufer des Altenberger Teiches bei Eisenach, 28 Jul 1947, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Launert</emphasis>
s.n. (BM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Greece</emphasis>
. Thracia, prov. Xanthi, in valle infra pagum Dhamari, 4 km infra junctionem torrentium, 500 m, 16 Aug 1978, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Greuter 16361</emphasis>
(B); Dhrama, prope phylacion nom. Praseki, a pago Ano Vrondous, ca. 6 km boreo-occidentum versus, 1320 m, 22 Aug 1978, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Greuter 16703</emphasis>
(B); Mt. Olympe, Thess, Jun 1929, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Guiol 642</emphasis>
(BM); Etolia-Akarnania, Arahova (Ar 358), 900 m, 8 Jul 1996, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Herb. Willing [Eisenblatter &amp; Willing] 48029</emphasis>
(B); Thesprotia, Ep. Souliou, NW Paramithia (The 209), 190 m, 26 Jun 1997, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Herb. Willing [Eisenblatter &amp; Willing] 55434</emphasis>
(B); Trikala, Ep. Kalambakas, Notia Pindhos, NW Kalambaka (Tri 200), 330 m, 18 Jul 1997, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Herb. Willing [Eisenblatter &amp; Willing] 60744</emphasis>
(B); Nom. Ionnanina, Ep. Dhodhonis, Tsepelovo (Ioa 574), 1000 m, 17 Jul 1998, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Herb. Willing [Eisenblatter &amp; Willing] 67904</emphasis>
(B); Nom. Kastoria, Ep. Kastorias, SW Vyssinia (KAS 164), 820 m, 31 Jul 1998, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Herb. Willing [Eisenblatter &amp; Willing] 71725</emphasis>
(B); Pella, Ep. Edhessis, W Loutraki (Pel 115), 260 m, 27 Jul 2000, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Herb. Willing [Eisenblatter &amp; Willing] 86148</emphasis>
(B); Arkadhia, Elati, 1180 m, 27 Sep 2003, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Herb. Willing [Willing &amp; Willing] 118384</emphasis>
(B); Paranestion, Nomos Drama, Dimos Paranestion, river Nestos ca. 1 km SW of Paranestion, 100 m, Aug 1996, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Liebfritz &amp; Schuler</emphasis>
s.n. (B); Nomos Kavala, Dimos Keramoti, mouth of river Nestos, 1 m, 31 Aug 1998, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Schuler 98/447</emphasis>
(B); Ipiros, prob. Ioannina, distr. Konitsa, Konitsa, on both sides of the Aoos River above the bridge, 460 m, 23 Jul 1971, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Stamatiadou 13382</emphasis>
(BM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Hungary</emphasis>
. Sin. loc., Jul 1877, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Anonymous</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Kozragohid, Budapest, 26 Aug 1904, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Degen</emphasis>
s.n. (LE).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">India. Jammu and Kashmir</emphasis>
. Kashmir, Kishtwar, 1829 m, 17 Sep 1876, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Clarke 31361</emphasis>
(BM); above Barangalla, 2000 m, 25 Jun 1902, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Drummond 13886</emphasis>
(E); Gandarbal, Sind valley, 1585 m, 1 Jun 40, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Ludlow &amp; Sherriff 8101</emphasis>
(BH, BM, E); Hajipir pass, Poonch to Uri, 2134 m, 4 Jul 1934, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Stewart 14000</emphasis>
(A); Naranag, Wangat valley, 2134 m, 8 Aug 1939, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Stewart &amp; Stewart 18104</emphasis>
(GH); Poonch &amp; Azad Kashmir, below Hajiperi, 2134 m, 3 Jul 52, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Stewart &amp; Nasir 24062</emphasis>
(BM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
<pageBreakToken pageId="108" pageNumber="109" start="start">Iran</pageBreakToken>
</emphasis>
. Ghilan, Rescht, 13 Jul 1902, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Alexeenko 47</emphasis>
(LE); Fars, Tang-e-Sorkh, between Ardakan and Yasuj, 2450 m, 18 Jun 1977, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Bokhari &amp; Edmondson 2159</emphasis>
(G); Meshed, 1941, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Mrs Donaldson</emphasis>
s.n. (K); Amol, 25 miles S of Amol, Central Elburz N. slopes, 1219 m, 21 Aug 1966, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Furse 9071</emphasis>
(K);. Keredj, 29 Sep 1934, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Gauba 829</emphasis>
(B); Kurdestan, 31 km N of Sanandaj, 2000 m, 8 Jul 1964, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Grant 16064</emphasis>
(MO); Dozein, 5 km N of Dozein, which is a village 55 km SE of Gonbad-e-Kabus, 950 m, 19 Jun 1977, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Hewer 3961</emphasis>
(K); Khairat, Mazenderan, 2439 m, 25 Jul 1940, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Koelz 16569</emphasis>
(US); Kuhi, near Teheran, Pidjehek, Jul, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Kotschy</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Fars, 36 km NW Ordekam, 14 Jul 1959, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Pabot 2446</emphasis>
(G); Qotur River,W Khvoy towards the Turkish border, 1800 m, 10 Jul 1971, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Rechinger 41735</emphasis>
(B, G); Keredj, Elburs Mountains, Keredj River, 6 Jun 1937, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Rechinger 733</emphasis>
(S); Hamadan, 2134 m, 7 Sep 1929, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Rogers 538</emphasis>
(K); Joistan, Talighan Valley, 1829 m, Jul 1953, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Trott 24</emphasis>
(K); Astava, shoreline of Caspian Sea, 21 Aug 1966, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Wright 65</emphasis>
(K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Iraq</emphasis>
. Baghdad, Pig Island, 10 May 1960, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Agnew et al. W-1679</emphasis>
(K); Tigris Plain. near Mosul, 200 m, 5 May 1936, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Low 284</emphasis>
(BM); Penjiwin, 1200 m, 8 Jun 1948, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">al Rawi 12159</emphasis>
(K, US); Pushtashan, 15 km NE of Rania, lower slope of Qandil Range, 1150 m, 29 Jul 1957, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">al Rawi &amp; Serhang 23865</emphasis>
(K); Erbil, Pushtashan, Montes Qandil, (Kurdistan), 1000 m, 28 Jul 1957, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Rechinger 11027</emphasis>
(G).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Ireland</emphasis>
: West Galway, Connemara, Renville, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Babington 299</emphasis>
(BM); Cork, Bishopsbrook, 1849, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Herb. J. Carroll</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); South Kerry, Dooks, 15 Jul 1903, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Marshall</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Meath, Drogheda, Aug 1956, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">McClintock</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); North Kerry, Walls between Killarney and Mucross, 24 Aug 1883, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Ridley</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); South Kerry, Rossbeigh Dunes, 5 Aug 1935, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Simpson 35620</emphasis>
(BM); South-East Galway, near Dalystown, 24 Jun 1952, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Simpson 52108</emphasis>
(BM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Israel</emphasis>
. Gilead, Burmah to Gerashi, 4 May 1886, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Anonymous</emphasis>
s.n. (K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Italy</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Abruzzo</emphasis>
: Teramo, cerca Castelli, Findo de al Salsa, 1100 m, 2 Jul 2002, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Navarro et al. 4348</emphasis>
(MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Apulia</emphasis>
: Puglia, farm about 7 km NE of Taranto, 1881, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Vitantonio 1675</emphasis>
(BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Emilia-Romagna</emphasis>
: Parma, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Anonymous</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Friuli-Venezia Guilia</emphasis>
: Trieste, Sistiana, 25 May 1980, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Greuter et al. 17348</emphasis>
(B); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Sicily</emphasis>
: Nebroda Mtns., ad pedes montium Madoniarum prope Polizzi, 600 m, 6 Jul 1874, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Strobl</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Catania, Randazzo, Lago de Gurrida, 820 m, 5 Jun 2000, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ávarez">Avarez</normalizedToken>
et al. 1490
</emphasis>
(MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Tuscany</emphasis>
: Agro Lucchese, Lucca country side, Jun 1835, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Puccinelli</emphasis>
s.n. (BM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Japan</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Hokkaido</emphasis>
: Sapporo, 4 Jul 1903, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Arimoto</emphasis>
s.n. (GH, MO); Iburi, Tomakomai, 30 Jul 1930, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Akiyama</emphasis>
s.n. (S); between Kotoni and Sapporo, 22 Aug 1929, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Dorsett &amp; Morse 1128</emphasis>
(US); Yezo, prov. Nemuro, to Attoko-too from Attoko-Nemuro-gun, 8 Jul 1959, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Furuse</emphasis>
s.n. (A, S); on the coasts vicinity and Oikamanai-numa Bansei, Taiki-choo, Hirowo-gun, Province Tokachi, 19 Jul 1974, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Furuse 6434</emphasis>
(K); Wakkanai-Park. Wakkanai-shi. Province Kitami. Hokkaido ((Yezo)), 18 Aug 1975, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Furuse 9465</emphasis>
(K); Jyuusam-mura. Nishi-tsugaru-gun. Province Mutsu. Hondo, 20 Sep 1955, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Furuse 29993</emphasis>
(K); Watsakinai. Toyotomi-choo. Teshio-gun. Province Teshio. Hokkaido (Yezo), 2 Jul 1975, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Furuse 8980</emphasis>
(K); prov. Iburi, between Tomakomai-shi and Lake Shikotsu, 15 Aug 1981, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Takahashi 1650 -A</emphasis>
(NY); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Honshu</emphasis>
: Shimura, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo Prefecture, Jun 1907, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Makino 75314</emphasis>
(LE); Shiga, Yotsugawa, Adogawa Cho, 
<pageBreakToken pageId="109" pageNumber="110" start="start">Takashima</pageBreakToken>
gun, Lake Biwa, 86 m, 17 Sep 1991, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Kanda &amp; Kuribayashi 1</emphasis>
(A); Hondo, Oze-ga-hara, prov. Kozuke, 26 Aug 1950, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Mizushima 417</emphasis>
(A); Aomori-shi, Arakawa, below Jogakura Spa, 810 m, 8 Aug 2000, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Yonekura 5960</emphasis>
(A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Kazakhstan</emphasis>
. West Kazakhstan Prov., Right side of river Ural, 2 km downstream of Kopseharov, 15 Feb 1955, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Grubov &amp; Lynbarskii 32</emphasis>
(MO); South Kazakhstan Oblast, Shymkent, prov. Syr-Darja, Distr. Tschimkent, Tchiluk, 1908, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Knorring 604</emphasis>
(S); Tselinogradskaya 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oblast’">Oblast'</normalizedToken>
, near village of Kurgaljinskii, on the lower eastern shore of the Lake Kuraljin, in the surroundings of the settlement of Karazhar, 20 Jun 1980, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Sidorova 155</emphasis>
(LE).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Lebanon</emphasis>
. Ain Zahatallah, Mt. Lebanon, Aug 1912, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Letchworth</emphasis>
s.n. (K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Lithuania</emphasis>
. Holonety, dist. Wilkomierz, 30 Jul 1895, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Rudiminowna</emphasis>
s.n. (B, BM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Luxembourg</emphasis>
. Jardin Botanique, 20 Aug 1837, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Gay</emphasis>
s.n. (K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Macedonia</emphasis>
. Popovo, NW foot of Krusa Balkan, 3 m E of Lake Doiran [Doirani], 1918, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Gooding</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Kojnsko, distr. Duditza-et Saharupa-planina, 550 m, Jun 1917, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Schultze-Jena 138</emphasis>
(B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Mongolia</emphasis>
. southwestern Mongolia, Khovdinskii Aymak, southern slope of the Mongolian Altai, 45 km to the E of the villageg of Bulgan, along the River Bulgan, on the border with KNR [China], 1979, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Gubanof 7321</emphasis>
(LE); &quot;ad Mongolia borealis, Altai australis ad Totyask nigrum&quot;, 1876, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Potanin</emphasis>
s.n. (K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Morocco</emphasis>
. Xauen, 650 m, 28 May 1928, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Font Quer 354</emphasis>
(BM); Tazzeka, 13 km from Taza on minor road, Ras-El-Ma, 990 m, 5 Jul 1993, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Jury et al. 11718</emphasis>
(K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Norway</emphasis>
. Oslo, 24 km hinter, am fjord, 8 Sep 1980, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Meyer</emphasis>
s.n. (B); Stjordal, near Hagra, 1926, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Trethewy</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Astre Biarum, 6 Sep 1902, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Triatz</emphasis>
s.n. (BM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Poland</emphasis>
. Wolka wysoka prope Sanniki, distr. Gostyn, 22 Jul 1895, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Drymmer</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Orawicza, in Banat, 6 Aug 1840, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Wierzbicki</emphasis>
s.n. (GOET).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Portugal</emphasis>
. Salvador, as margenes do rio Sever, Sera de S. Maccede, 12 Jun 1959, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Beliz &amp; Raimundo 5046</emphasis>
(MA); inter Garvas et Panvies, Jun 1875, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Daneau 1184</emphasis>
(BM); Alto Alentejo, Elvas, Frequisia de Varche, Horto do Carlos Ranita, margem da Ribereira do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cancão">Cancao</normalizedToken>
, 30 Sep 1984, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Guerra 1518</emphasis>
(MA); Beira Alta, Vizeu, Santa 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Comba-Dão">Comba-Dao</normalizedToken>
, Pinheiro de Azer, descida para a capela de Sra. do Pranto, 11 Jun 1982, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Marques 2087</emphasis>
(MA); Rangel prope a Coimbra, Jun 1889, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Moller</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Oliveira, M.P. de</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">s.n.</emphasis>
(BM); Entremadura, Obidos nas margens dos vales na La Goa de Obidos, 14 Jun 1917, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Rainha 377</emphasis>
(MA); Idanha a Nova, Ribeira do Poasul, Jul 1883, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Ricardo da Cunha</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alijó">Alijo</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pinhão">Pinhao</normalizedToken>
, beira-Doura, foz do Rio 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pinhão">Pinhao</normalizedToken>
, 30 Jun 1070, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Rozeira et al.</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); Douro Litoral, near Oporto, 2 Jul 1887, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Murray</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Madeira, sin. loc, 1804, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Turner</emphasis>
s.n. (K); Tagum, 1848, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Welwitsch 202</emphasis>
(LE).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Romania</emphasis>
. Comm. Balcani, prope pagum Frumoasa, 550 m, 12 Jul 1972, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Barabas 487</emphasis>
(BM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="110" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Russian Federation</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Central Federal District</emphasis>
: Moscow, 30 Aug 1992, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Croat 73991</emphasis>
(MO); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Far Eastern Federal District</emphasis>
: Amurskaya 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oblast’">Oblast'</normalizedToken>
, Radde, around the village, on the River Amur, 25 Sep 1926, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Selivanova</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Amurskaya 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oblast’">Oblast'</normalizedToken>
, Zea, Zeyskii region, around the town of Zea, 30 Jul 2000, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Shaligin</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Dalnevostochnii Krai, near Valdivostock, 12 Jul 1929, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Transhel 284</emphasis>
(LE); Kurilskii Islands, 
<pageBreakToken pageId="110" pageNumber="111" start="start">Iturup</pageBreakToken>
[illegible], 914 m, 29 Aug 1946, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Vorobeev</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Archangelsk Oblast, Archangelsk, Beresnik, 1919, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Grantham</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); around Vladivostock, on the bank of Lake Khanka, 10 Aug 1929, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Shishkin 1306</emphasis>
(LE); island of Sakhalin, village of Vladimirovskoe, 26 Jun 1899, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Shestunov 53</emphasis>
(LE); Primorskaya 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oblast’">Oblast'</normalizedToken>
, around 25 verst [measure of distance] to the west of Vladivostock, on the slope of a mountain, 29 Jun 1926, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Ivanova</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Primorskaya 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oblast’">Oblast'</normalizedToken>
, Khabarovsk, left bank of the River Amur, near Khabarovsk, 25 Jul 1926, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Solokhin</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Primorskaya 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oblast’">Oblast'</normalizedToken>
, Petrovolikova Bay, island of Furugelma, 21 Sep 1922, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Kozlov 483</emphasis>
(LE); Primorskaya 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oblast’">Oblast'</normalizedToken>
, the village of Chernshovekoe [Chernyshevka], 30 Jul 1902, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Paltzevskii</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Sakhalin Oblast, on the sea slope of southern Sakhalin, between the settlements of Khvostovo and Altasovo, 13 Aug 1959, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Pobedinova &amp; Konovalova 1347</emphasis>
(LE); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">North Caucasian Federal District</emphasis>
: Tegenekli, basin of the River Baksan, right side of the gorge Prielbrusye, 23 Aug 2000, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Menitskii &amp; Popova</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Nalchik, to the south of the settlement of the village Belaya Rechka, 2 Aug 2000, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Menitskii &amp; Popova</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); [Chechnya] Itun-kale, Argun, left side of river Argun, above the village, 23 Aug 1988, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Menitskii &amp; Nikolaev 38</emphasis>
(LE); [Dagestan] Machachkala, by the river Terstagay, 26 Sep 1926, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Orlov</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); [Dagestan] Gergebilskii region, between villages of Arakani and Mogok, 14 Jun 1961, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Tsvelev et al. 914</emphasis>
(LE); [Dagestan] Levashinskii region, between villages of Gersibil and Levashy, 27 Jul 1961, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Tsvelev et al. 4175</emphasis>
(LE); Chechyna, Terekaya 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oblast’">Oblast'</normalizedToken>
, Beslan, May 1901, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Alexeenko 14374</emphasis>
(LE); Kabardino-Balkar, Bezeniyskoe gorge, on the slope of the mountain Ushtensk, 12 Aug 1995, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Shkhagapsoev &amp; Korchevskaya 675-2000</emphasis>
(LE); Ordzhonikidzevskii, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Chechnya-Ingushetia”">&quot;Chechnya-Ingushetia&quot;</normalizedToken>
, 22 Jul 1966, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Vlasov &amp; Kuvas</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); slope of the left bank of the River Bizhgon 10 km S of the station Storozhevaya, 31 Aug 1947, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Borisova 369</emphasis>
(LE); Stavropolskii Krai, bank of River Podkushok in the region of Pyatigorsk, 8 Aug 1990, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Yagushevskii</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Terekaya 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oblast’">Oblast'</normalizedToken>
, Nalchik, near town, 30 Jun 1917, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Paltseva</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Northwestern Federal District</emphasis>
: Ladozhskoe Lake, town Lakhdempokhye, 6 Jul 1961, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Pobedimova &amp; Gladkova 97</emphasis>
(LE); near St. Petersburg, pag. Olgino, in litore sinus Fennici, Jun 1919, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Czernjakovskaja</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Siberian Federal District</emphasis>
: Siberia, regio transbaicalensis, Utotschkina, Selenga River, 500 m, Jul 1900, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Ehnberg</emphasis>
s.n. (G); Irkutsk Oblast, Irkutsk, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Besser</emphasis>
s.n. (K); Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yeniseysk, &quot;Siberia, Jenisei, Jeniseisk&quot;, 23 Jun 1876, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Arnell</emphasis>
s.n. (S); Central Siberia, region of Novosibirsk, near railway station 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Seyatel’">Seyatel'</normalizedToken>
ca. 3 km Nw of Akademgorodok near river 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ob’">Ob'</normalizedToken>
, 2-3 km below hydroelectric dam, ca. 20 km SSE of Novosibirsk, 140 m, 24 Jul 1979, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Iltis et al. 1115</emphasis>
(G, S); Podkova, Yekaterinava, 21 Jun 1906, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yálovaya">Yalovaya</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Southern Federal District</emphasis>
: Mineralnie Vody, eastern slope of the mountain Zmeyka, 7 Aug 1996, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Menitskii &amp; Popova 122</emphasis>
(LE); River Mzymty [Myzmyta] near the mouth of River Agipse, 7 Sep 1928, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Leskov</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Tuapsinsk, Black Sea Region, 8 Jul 1915, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Litvinov</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); [Adygea] Kubanskii 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oblast’">Oblast'</normalizedToken>
, Maykopsk, between the stations of Dondukovkskaya and Sergieskaya, in the valley of the River Fars, May 1915, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Kozo-Polyanski &amp; Preobrasheiski</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Krasnodavskii Krai, Novorossika, Black Sea region, near the road on the high shore of the sea, 25 Jun 1923, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Pojarkova 156</emphasis>
(LE); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Urals Federal District</emphasis>
: Goygol Rayon, Goygol, territory of Elizabethapolis [Yekaterinburg], 8 Jun 1844, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Kolenati 1753</emphasis>
(LE).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
<pageBreakToken pageId="111" pageNumber="112" start="start">Serbia</pageBreakToken>
</emphasis>
. mountain above Jviato Petka, 22 Aug 1921, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Yermoloff</emphasis>
s.n. (BM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Slovenia</emphasis>
. within 6 miles of Bled (in Slovenja, at the borders with Austria), which includes the lower slopes of Mt.Triglav, 304 m, 1923, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Leathes</emphasis>
s.n. (BM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Spain</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Alcabete</emphasis>
: Reolid, 800 m, 19 Aug 1985, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Figuerola</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Andalucia</emphasis>
: Granada, Castril, pr. Cortijo del Nacimiento, 1100 m, 21 Jul 1978, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Charpin et al. 15109</emphasis>
(MA 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Asturias</emphasis>
: Villaviciosa, playa de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="España">Espana</normalizedToken>
, 5 m, 5 Oct 1992, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Aedo 2469</emphasis>
(MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Avila</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conabeltrán">Conabeltran</normalizedToken>
(?), Jul 1918, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Cogolludo</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Baleares</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mahón">Mahon</normalizedToken>
, San Sancho, 18 Apr 1899, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Pons</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Gereau</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Burgos:</emphasis>
Carazo, junto a la Fuente de la Mora, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñas">Penas</normalizedToken>
de Cervera y 
<normalizedToken originalValue="aledaños">aledanos</normalizedToken>
, 1200 m, 24 Jul 1979, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Pons Sorolla &amp; Susanna 616</emphasis>
(MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Caceres</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Baños">Banos</normalizedToken>
de Montemayor, 15 May 1944, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Cabellero</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Cadiz</emphasis>
: collected in a farm named 
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Marcellino’">'Marcellino'</normalizedToken>
in a rough country between Los Barrios and Algeciras, 60 m, 14 Jun 1973, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Brinton-Lee 1346</emphasis>
(BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Cantabria</emphasis>
: Santander, Cueto, El 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Panteón">Panteon</normalizedToken>
del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Inglés">Ingles</normalizedToken>
, 22 May 1992, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Busqué">Busque</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Castellón">Castellon</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Villafarnés">Villafarnes</normalizedToken>
, on same sheet several specimens, also from Castielfavib and Vallanca (Valencia, 1792, 1793), and Jardin de la Chevette (France, 1781), 1792, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Anonymous</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Castilla</emphasis>
: Bujedo, 28 Jul 1920, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Elías">Elias</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Catalunya</emphasis>
: Castello, Castillo de Villamalefa, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Villahermosa, 540 m, 22 Oct 1998, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Riera et al. 19505</emphasis>
(MA); Cerdagne, Llivia, val de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Estahuja">l'Estahuja</normalizedToken>
, 1300 m, 10 Aug 1918, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Sennen</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Cuenca</emphasis>
: Hoz de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañizares">Canizares</normalizedToken>
, 10 Jul 1932, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Cabellero</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tarancón">Tarancon</normalizedToken>
, 7 Apr 1977, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
<normalizedToken originalValue="López">Lopez</normalizedToken>
8
</emphasis>
(MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Cuidad Real</emphasis>
: Frencaliente, margenes del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Pradillo, 600 m, 7 Jul 1997, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Galicia</emphasis>
: Lugo, Riberas de Lea, 25 Jul 1956, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Carreira</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Guadalajara</emphasis>
: Zaorejas, Hoz del Tajo, piscifactoria del Campillo, 900 m, 18 Jul 1981, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muñoz">Munoz</normalizedToken>
512
</emphasis>
(MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Huelva</emphasis>
: Almonte, Coto de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Donaña">Donana</normalizedToken>
, Reserva de La Rocina, 28 Jun 1977, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Castroviejo &amp; Porta 733</emphasis>
(MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Madrid</emphasis>
: San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Agustín">Agustin</normalizedToken>
de Guadalquix, riberas del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Guadalquix, 3 Aug 1982, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Moreno</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Navarro</emphasis>
: Pamplona, 16 Jun 1971, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Moriyóu">Moriyou</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Salamanca</emphasis>
: alrededores de Bejar, Aug 1914, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Cogolludo</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Segovia</emphasis>
: Granja de San Ildefonso, desde la finca La Sauca hacia la carretera a Torrecabelleros, 30TVL1529, 1150 m, 9 Sep 1985, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Adá">Ada</normalizedToken>
&amp; Egido 1816
</emphasis>
(MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Soria</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañon">Canon</normalizedToken>
del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Lobos, 14 Jul 1980, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Buades</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Tarragona</emphasis>
: 20 km SW of Tarragona, between Cambrils and Hospitalet, 29 May 1962, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Brummitt et al. 298</emphasis>
(BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Toledo</emphasis>
: ribera del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Tajo, 500 m, 18 Jun 1983, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Egido 947</emphasis>
(MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Valencia</emphasis>
: Bco. Bocairente, 510 m, 7 Jul 1980, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Palasí">Palasi</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Valladolid</emphasis>
: Encinos de Esqueva, en Arroyo de los Frios, 11 Jul 1983, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
Alonso 2071
</emphasis>
(MA); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Zamora</emphasis>
: Parque Natural Lago de Sanabria, Forcadura, 1100 m, 1 Jul 1987, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Anonymous</emphasis>
s.n. (MA).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="112" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Sweden</emphasis>
. Uppland, ad sopes Upsalia passim, Aug 1870, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Ahlberg</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Uppland, Funbo Parish, southern shore of Lake Goren, 6 Jul 1944, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Alm &amp; Smith 272</emphasis>
(BM); Bohnslam, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Väderöarna">Vaederoearna</normalizedToken>
, 10 Jul 1909, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Almquist</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Brohuslan, Fjalibacha, 3 Jul 1910, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Almquist</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Uppsala, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Andersson</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); Skafto, Gaso, 20 Jun 1948, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Ankarsward</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Södermanland">Soedermanland</normalizedToken>
, Toiosocken, Stora Grasskar, 6 Aug 1922, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Asplund</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Västergötland">Vaestergoetland</normalizedToken>
, Goteborg, 14 Aug 1959, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Blom</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Skåne">Skane</normalizedToken>
, Buutofha, Jul 1893, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Johansson</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Scania, Kivik, Aug 1911, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Johansson</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Malmo, Aug 1886, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Johansson</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Östergötland">Oestergoetland</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Linköping">Linkoeping</normalizedToken>
, Sep 1912, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Johansson</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Sm. Oscasthaven, 4 Aug 1909, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Köhler">Koehler</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Yonstrup, 
<pageBreakToken pageId="112" pageNumber="113" start="start">Jul</pageBreakToken>
1861, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Mortensen</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Södermanland">Soedermanland</normalizedToken>
, Paroecia 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Strängnäs">Straengnaes</normalizedToken>
, Sundby, 27 Jun 1925, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Samuelsson 1371</emphasis>
(BM); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bohuslän">Bohuslaen</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Högås">Hoegas</normalizedToken>
Parish, the innermost part of the bay 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Svältekilen">Svaeltekilen</normalizedToken>
, 14 Aug 1960, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Santesson 13962</emphasis>
(BM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Switzerland</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Vaud</emphasis>
: Montherod pres 
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Aubonne">d'Aubonne</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Anonymous</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); inter Nyon et Lausanne ad lacum Lemanni, Jul 1838, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Sander</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zürich">Zuerich</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rümlang">Ruemlang</normalizedToken>
, Gemeinde 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rümlang">Ruemlang</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Näherer">Naeherer</normalizedToken>
Einschlag, 420 m, 20 Jun 1947, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bührer">Buehrer</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
s.n. (MA).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Syrian Arab Republic</emphasis>
. Monts Arnanis, 762 m, Aug 1906, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Haradjian 481</emphasis>
(K); Zahleh, Cacle [coll. Prof. Post, ex. Herb. J.T. Rothrock], 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Post</emphasis>
s.n. (F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Tajikistan</emphasis>
. Giesar, Pamiro-alay, near the village of Giesar on the river Khanaka, 31 Aug 1942, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Grigoriev 757</emphasis>
(LE).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Turkey</emphasis>
. Ouchak, Phrygie, Bords du ruisseau 
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ouchak">d'Ouchak</normalizedToken>
(Phrygie), 910 m, 9 Jul 1858, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Balansa 1137</emphasis>
(A, B, BM, K); Cumasia, 24 Apr 1889, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bornmüller">Bornmueller</normalizedToken>
344
</emphasis>
(B); Prov. Konya distr., Ermeneh (Cilican tracks), Sorivandt, 1200 m, 15 Aug 1949, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Davis 16221</emphasis>
(K); Ankara prov., Hacikacum Valley, 11 Jun 1952, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Davis &amp; Dodds 18783</emphasis>
(BM, K); Cankiri-Kalecik, 9 Jun 1954, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Davis &amp; Polunin 21737</emphasis>
(BM); B9 Agri, Murst Valley, 3-5 km from Tutak to Hamur, 1600 m, 2 Jun 1966, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Davis 44044</emphasis>
(K); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Suluçem">Sulucem</normalizedToken>
, (Musum) S edge of Balik G, 2300 m, 23 Jul 1966, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Davis 47185</emphasis>
(K); C10 Hakkari, Nehil 
<normalizedToken originalValue="çayi">cayi</normalizedToken>
, 48-55 km from Hakkari to Yuksekova, 1600 m, 14 Jun 1966, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Davis 44905</emphasis>
(K); Cankiri-Kalecik, 9 Jun 1954, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Davis 21737</emphasis>
(K); Tokat-Artova, 4 Sep 1954, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Davis &amp; Polunin 24854</emphasis>
(K); Abant Gol, Prov. Bolu, 1400 m, 11 Jul 1962, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Davis &amp; Coode D-37291</emphasis>
(K); Prov. Zonguldak, Bartin-Amasra, 25 Aug 1960, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Khan et al. 796</emphasis>
(K); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Çibuktal">Cibuktal</normalizedToken>
, bei Ankara, 10 Jun 1932, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Kotte</emphasis>
s.n. (K); Adapazari, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Kuntay 8735</emphasis>
(MO); Dorukhan 
<normalizedToken originalValue="geçidi">gecidi</normalizedToken>
, Nord-seite (A4 Zonguldak), 800 m, 8 Aug 1982, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Raus 6964</emphasis>
(B); Takiansi, 304 m, 29 Aug 1878, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Regel</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Yagan, Erzerumskii sandzhak, river Arakas above Yagan, 9 Jul 1916, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Sapozhnikov &amp; Shishkin</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); River Fol-chai, Trapezundskii sandzhak, 28 Jun 1917, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Shishkin</emphasis>
s.n. (LE);Vitse, Lazistan, 12 Aug 1912, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Shishkin</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Pamphylia, Antalya, 23 Jun 1936, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Tengwall 48</emphasis>
(GH, K, S); Bolu, Koru Motel, 850 m, 30 Aug 1972, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Uotila 20137</emphasis>
(G); Ismid, (Nicaea), 1834, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Wiedemann</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); vicinity of Tortum Lake. East Turkey, 30 Jul 1961, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Winter 278</emphasis>
(BM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Turkmenistan</emphasis>
. Germad, 8 Jun 1899, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Antonov</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); gorge Verkhanyaya Firyuza, central Kopet Dag, 31 Aug 1945, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Blinoskii</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); going up the river Dyuynee near the spring Autet, 1200 m, 25 May 1928, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Bobrov &amp; Yarmelenko 168</emphasis>
(LE); Karasashinskii region, river Gebe-Zvud, 14 Jul 1931, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Borieova 472</emphasis>
(LE); Zakaspiiskaya Oblast, Shorkala [Shor-Kala], Alta-Yaba, aul Shorkala, 23 Jun 1924, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Bukinich 45</emphasis>
(LE); Kopet Dag, road Utsch-Kuyu Nukhur, 28 Jun 1925, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Fedchenko et al. 790</emphasis>
(LE); Germad, on the banks of the river Saki[l]yad, near village of Germad, 13 Jul 1934, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Gnezdillo 97</emphasis>
(LE); Zakaspiiskaya 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oblast’">Oblast'</normalizedToken>
, Askabadskii area, mountains of Kopet-Dag, gorge of Chuli, 4 May 1912, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Lipskii 1807</emphasis>
(LE); Zakaspiiskaya 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oblast’">Oblast'</normalizedToken>
, Askabadskii area, mountains of Kopet-dag, Chuli, 17 Jun 1911, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Mickelson 487</emphasis>
(LE); Zakaspiiskaya 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oblast’">Oblast'</normalizedToken>
, [Finshchi], Jun 1895, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Minkevich</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Tilutschi, 4000 m, 23 Jul 1879, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Regel</emphasis>
s.n. (K); Zakaspiiskaya 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oblast’">Oblast'</normalizedToken>
, Chuli Mountains, 26 Jun 1912, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Samokish 1373</emphasis>
(LE); Zakaspiiskaya 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oblast’">Oblast'</normalizedToken>
, Chuli Mountains, near Askabad, 9 Jun 1911, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Sevdturabov</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Kisil-arwat, Karakala, by a little river the valley of [Foltere], 10 Jul 1901, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Sintenis 2035</emphasis>
(B, LE).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
<pageBreakToken pageId="113" pageNumber="114" start="start">Ukraine</pageBreakToken>
</emphasis>
. Kiev, 28 Aug 1906, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Lonaczewsky</emphasis>
s.n. [
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">7272a</emphasis>
](BM, MO); Zakarpatskaya 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oblast’">Oblast'</normalizedToken>
, Uzhgorodsky Raion, road to Imina (Transcarpatia Province, Uzhgorod District), 26 Jul 1967, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Apentyeva</emphasis>
s.n. (K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="114" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">United Kingdom</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Channel Isles</emphasis>
: Guernsey, Petit Bo, Jul 1883, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Fawcett</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Jetou, 26 Jun 1932, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Meinertzhagen</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Sark, 8 Jul 1953, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Sowerby 4</emphasis>
(BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">England</emphasis>
: Huntingdonshire, Woodwalton, 7 Jun 1914, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Adamson</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Leicestershire, Scraptoft, 15 Aug 1949, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Bangerter</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Warwickshire, Between Pillerton Priors and Eatington; Ettington parish, 9 Jul 1961, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Bangerter 1058</emphasis>
(BM); North Wiltshire, Calne, 27 Aug 1914, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Barton</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Nottinghamshire, Cresswell Gorge, east of Cresswell, 60 m, 22 Jul 1963, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Bowden &amp; Hillman 137</emphasis>
(BM); Yorkshire, Spern Point, 18 Aug 1070, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Castroviejo</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); Buckinghamshire, Aston Clinton parish, Dancers End Nature Reserve, 16 Aug 1942, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Dandy, J.E</emphasis>
., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">943</emphasis>
(BM); Herefordshire, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Startop’s">Startop's</normalizedToken>
End Reservoir. Tring Rural parish, 20 Jun 1943, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Dandy 974</emphasis>
(BM); East Suffolk, Corporation Marshes, Walberswick; Walberswick parish, 6 Jun 1961, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Elword 19</emphasis>
(BM); Kent, Wrotham, 21 Aug 1913, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Fox 1200</emphasis>
(BM); West Cornwall &amp; Scillies, Tresco harbour, Isles of Scilly, 9 Jun 1963, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Gerrans 1098</emphasis>
(BM); Cornwall, Daymer Bay, Trebetharick, near Weybridge, 8 Jul 1967, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Halliday 163 /67</emphasis>
(LE); East Gloucestershire, Clapton, 9 Aug 1884, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Hanbury</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); West Kent, Woolwich Arsenal, 23 Aug 1894, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Herb. A.H. Wolley-Dod</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Oxfordshire, Banbury, 3 Aug 1863, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Herb. Alfred French</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); South Essex, Romford, Jun 1914, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Herb. H. Stanley Redgrove</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); East Cornwall, Tintagel, 26 Jun 1907, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Herb. L.B. Hall 306-1134</emphasis>
(BM); West Cornwall &amp; Scillies, Lizard, 27 May 1886, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Herb. R.P. Murray</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); West Gloucestershire, over Sapperton Tunnel, 18 Jun 1908, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Herb. W.C. Barton</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Lancashire, road to Newland, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Hodgson 738</emphasis>
(BM); Berkshire, Speen Moors near Newbury, 8 Sep 1894, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Jackson</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); East Norfolk, Lopham Middle Fen, 3 Jul 1973, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Jones &amp; Vickery 20</emphasis>
(BM); Hampshire, Southampton, edge of The Avenue, Southampton Common, 17 Jul 1964, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Kerr 220</emphasis>
(LE); South Lancashire, Nr. Freshfield, Ainsdale Dunes Reserve, 26 Jul 1966, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Kendrick 30</emphasis>
(BM); Suffolk, Brome, 19 Jul 1832, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Kirby</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Durham, Hartlepool, North sands, Sep 1872, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Lees</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); West Lancashire, Lancaster, Shingle at Bare, Morecambe Bay, 27 May 1912, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Lees</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Lincolnshire, Skegness, 24 Aug 1904, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Linton</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); North Essex, Frinton to Clacton, 14 Sep 1889, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Linton</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); South Hampshire, Lymington, Pilewell, 24 Aug 1893, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Linton</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); East Kent, Wittersham, May 1927, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Meinertzhagen</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Norfolk, Sutton Broad, Sep 1928, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Meinertzhagen</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); North Devon, Woolacombe, 14 Sep 1931, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Meinertzhagen</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); South Somerset, Knowle, Jul 1881, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Painter</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Staffordshire, Knypersley, Jul 1886, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Painter</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Hertfordshire, Hadley Wood, 16 Jul 1882, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Parker</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); West Norfolk, Thompson, 12 Aug 1917, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Robinson</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); South Devon, Dartmouth, 30 Jul 1952, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Robson 350</emphasis>
(BM); Dorset, Pentridge, Cranborne Chase, 19 Jun 1934, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Simpson 34161</emphasis>
(BM); West Sussex, Chichester, Kingley Vale, West Stoke, 12 Aug 1905, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Standen</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Cheshire, Parkgate, 12 Oct 1965, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Valdés">Valdes</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
s.n. (MA); Surrey, Farncombe near Godalming, edge of R. Wey, 14 Aug 1952, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Welch 4613</emphasis>
(BM); North Somerset, Bristol, Clifton Down, 15 Jul 1929, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">White</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Derbyshire, Monsal Dale, near 
<pageBreakToken pageId="114" pageNumber="115" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
station, 21 Jun 1916, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Wilmott 708</emphasis>
(BM); Middlesex, Buckingham Palace garden, 9 Jun 1995, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Wiltshire</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Isle of Man</emphasis>
: Andreas, 22 Jun 1929, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Paton</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Scotland</emphasis>
: East Lothian, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Anonymous</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Fife, Burntisland, 12 Jun 1847, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Anonymous</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); East Sutherland, Creich, road between Invershin and Bonarbridge, 20 Aug 1958, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Groves 2838</emphasis>
(BM); East Lothian, Haddington, Longniddry, 1850, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Herb. J.T.I. Boswell-Syme</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); West Perthshire, Clackmannanshire, Dollar [v.c.87], 1851, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Herb. J.T.I. Boswell-Syme</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Mid Ebudes, Mull, near 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nun’s">Nun's</normalizedToken>
Pass, west of Carsaig, 24 Sep 1967, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Kenneth &amp; Stirling</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Renfrewshire, Crossmyloof, 14 Aug 1953, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Mackechnie</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Easterness, Beauly, 5 Aug 1892, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Marshall</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); near Mull of Kintyre, 2 Sep 1961, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">McClintock</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); South Aberdeenshire, Jul 1947, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Robson 349</emphasis>
(BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Wales</emphasis>
: Pembrokeshire, Pembroke, Lydstep, 28 Aug 1907, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Bickham 1134</emphasis>
(BM); Radnorshire, Gladestry, Jul 1951, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Edwards 5</emphasis>
(BM); Glamorgan, Sully Island, Jul 1905, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Herb. H.J. Riddelsdell</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Merionethshire, Dolgelley, [v.c.48], 15 Aug 1923, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Herb. W.C. Barton</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Radnorshire, Between Erwood and Aberedw, 17 Aug 1885, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Ley</emphasis>
s.n. (BM); Holyhead, Anglesey, 4 Aug 1955, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Robertson D-11</emphasis>
(LE).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="115" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">United States of America</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">California</emphasis>
: Shasta County, Fall River Hills, 3 miles SW, 4 Jul 1934, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Howell 12411</emphasis>
(GH); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">District of Columbia</emphasis>
: Washington DC, National Arboretum, 15 Jul 1965, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Mazzeo &amp; Meyer 1090</emphasis>
(G); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Idaho</emphasis>
: Boise, 18 Jul 1911, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Clark 345</emphasis>
(G, GH); Power County, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Meader’s">Meader's</normalizedToken>
Trout Farm, 28 May 1961, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Thiel</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Illinois</emphasis>
: Kane County, Elgin, north part, 24 Jul 1928, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Benke 4878</emphasis>
(GH); McHenry County, Fox River Grove, 18 Jun 1934, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Benke 5661</emphasis>
(GH); Lake County, Lake Villa, 3 Aug 1906, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Gleason &amp; Shore 123</emphasis>
(GHDu Page County, Morton Arboretum, near Lisle, 26 Oct 1922, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Palmer 22347</emphasis>
(A); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Indiana</emphasis>
: Wells County, Harrison TP, 31 May 1903, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Deam</emphasis>
s.n. (GH); Noble County, Kendalle, Martin Farm about 2 miles southeast of Kendalle, 23 Aug 1928, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Dean 46131</emphasis>
(GH); Berrien County, Niles, 17 Jun 1933, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Palmer 40391</emphasis>
(A); Putnam County, Greencastle, East Seminary Street, 1 Sep 1940, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Welch 6120</emphasis>
(GH); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Maine</emphasis>
: Washington County, Lake View Campground, Moose Island, along western passage into Passamaquoddy Bay, N of East Port, 10 m, 30 Aug 2000, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Nee &amp; Atha 50937</emphasis>
(BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Maryland</emphasis>
: Cumberland, Jul 1849, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Prior</emphasis>
s.n. (K); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Massachusetts</emphasis>
: Hampden County, Knightville Dam, vicinity of overlook on Hwy. 112, about 1.3 mi N of Knightville, 23 Jun 1984, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Bates &amp; Elsik 83</emphasis>
(LE); Berkshire County, Tyringham Valley, 10 Sep 1926, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Meredith</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Suffolk County, Franklin Park, 7 Jul 1883, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Seymour</emphasis>
s.n. (USM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Michigan</emphasis>
: Mason County, Hamlin Lake, Ludington, 25 Jul 1910, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Chaney 91</emphasis>
(GH); Flint, Aug 1877, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Clarke 2195</emphasis>
(K); Cheboygan County, Douglas Lake, northern end of Lower Peninsula, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Gleason 269</emphasis>
(K); Clinton County, East Lansing, 7 miles northeast near route 78, 9 Sep 1955, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Perdue 2016</emphasis>
(GH); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Montana</emphasis>
: Powell County, Grant Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site, Deerlodge on US Hwy 10, 1373 m, 12 Aug 1983, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Ray 194</emphasis>
(GH); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Nevada</emphasis>
: Washoe County, Truckee River, 3-7 miles W of Sparks, 1219 m, 6 Aug 1937, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Moore &amp; Franklin 929</emphasis>
(GH); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">New Jersey</emphasis>
: Union County, Summit, Passiac River, 5 Jun 1969, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Hellquist</emphasis>
s.n. (GH); Cape May County, Five-mile Beach, 3 Oct 1899, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">MacElwee 1448</emphasis>
(GH); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">New York</emphasis>
: Tompkins County, Ithaca, Dryden Road, near 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dwyer’s">Dwyer's</normalizedToken>
Bridge, 12 Jun 1916, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Bechtel 7126</emphasis>
<pageBreakToken pageId="115" pageNumber="116" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
GH); Washington County, Lake George, N. Beaver Creek, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vaughn’s">Vaughn's</normalizedToken>
, north of Hudson Lake, 12 Jun 1913, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Burnham</emphasis>
s.n. (GH); Westchester County, Yonkers, Oatskill Aqueduct, 10 Jul 1934, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Gleason et al. 1404</emphasis>
(LE, MA); Tompkins County, in creekbed of Taughannock Creek upstream from the falls, 24 Sep 1983, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Kearney 132</emphasis>
(BM); Bronx, New York Botanical Garden, in the Swale, 28 m, 9 Jun 2006, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Nee &amp; McClelland 54448</emphasis>
(G); Cayuga County, Lake Como, 15 Jun 1919, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Randolph &amp; Wiegand 12864</emphasis>
(GH); Orange County, Aleck Meadow Reservoir, Black Rock Forest, 6 Jul 1936, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Raup 7502</emphasis>
(GH); Yates County, Canandaigua Lake, south end, 19 Aug 1933, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Swartley 66</emphasis>
(A); Delaware County, North Harpersfield, 11 Jun 1906, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Topping 137</emphasis>
(A); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">North Carolina</emphasis>
: Haywood County, Waynesville, US 276 near city limits, W side of highway, 823 m, 16 Aug 1969, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Pittillo &amp; Hensley 3102</emphasis>
(GH); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Ohio</emphasis>
: Butler County, Oxford, south of Oxford, 13 Jul 1958, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Cobbe m-52</emphasis>
(G); Portage County, Garrettsville, 15 Jun 1895, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Webb 68</emphasis>
(GH); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Oregon</emphasis>
: Multnomah County, St. Johns, near slough below St. Johns, 23 Jun 1915, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Gorman 3575</emphasis>
(K); Polk County, vacant lot back of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Taylor’s">Taylor's</normalizedToken>
, 30 May 1960, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Murata 71</emphasis>
(GH); Willamette County, Salem, 16 Jul 1917, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Nelson 1684</emphasis>
(GH); Washington County, Hillsboro, 23 Aug 1911, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Smith 4093</emphasis>
(GH); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Pennsylvania</emphasis>
: Northumberland County, Turbotville, 4 mi NNW of town, 13 Aug 1940, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Adams 5416</emphasis>
(A); Berks County, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="McKnight’s">McKnight's</normalizedToken>
Gap, 3/4 mile SW of town, 164 m, 12 Jun 1941, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Berkheimer 2565</emphasis>
(GH); Buchs County, Riegelsville, 3 mi below (Kintnerville), 27 Jun 1925, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Dreisbach 3573</emphasis>
(LE); Pike County, Kimble, along Lackawanna River, 24 Jun 1936, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Fogg 10784</emphasis>
(A); Montgomery County, Jenkintown, 28 Jun 1938, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Frazier</emphasis>
s.n. (A); Somerset County, Tire Hill, beside Pa. Highway 53, 0.9 km SSE of Tire Hill, 427 m, 9 Aug 1956, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Shetler 266</emphasis>
(LE); Fulton County, Needmore, 15 Jun 1947, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Wahl 2514</emphasis>
(A); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Utah</emphasis>
: Tooele County, Open Reventment Area, zone 12, 23 Jul 2000, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Long 1090</emphasis>
(GH); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Vermont</emphasis>
: Bellamy Falls, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Anonymous</emphasis>
s.n. (K); Leicester, 18 Aug 1907, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Dutton</emphasis>
s.n. (G); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Virginia</emphasis>
: Arlington County, Clarendon, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Allard’s">Allard's</normalizedToken>
garden, 10 May 1938, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Allard 4653</emphasis>
(GH); Frederick County, Belle Grove, near Middletown, 23 May 1943, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Hunnewell 17854</emphasis>
(GH); Rappahannock County, Piney River, 27 Jun 1949, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Hunnewell 19218</emphasis>
(GH); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Washington</emphasis>
: Yakima County, Silah Valley, 29 Aug 1902, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Cotton 882</emphasis>
(GH); Skamania County, White Salmon, along Hwy 830 just W of White Salmon,, 10 Aug 1961, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Dennis 2323</emphasis>
(A, G, GH); King County, Seattle, 9 Aug 1935, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Eyerdam</emphasis>
s.n. (BM, G); Spokane County, Chattaroy, 12 Jul 1923, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Lackey</emphasis>
s.n. (G); Thurston County, Mima Prairie, along the Black River 3 miles south of Littlerock, 22 Jun 1939, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Meyer 1650</emphasis>
(GH); Whatcom County, Northwood Swamp, 26 Jun 1937, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Muenscher 8394</emphasis>
(GH); Whitman County, Bonnie Lake, north of Rock Lake, 29 May 1938, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Sharsmith 3570</emphasis>
(GH); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">West Virginia</emphasis>
: Pendleteon County, Snowy Mountains, east slope, 13 Aug 1931, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Core</emphasis>
s.n. (GH); Smyth County, Marion, 29 Jun 1892, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Small</emphasis>
s.n. (K); Sweet Spring, 8 Sep 1903, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Steele &amp; Steele 246</emphasis>
(GH); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Wisconsin</emphasis>
: Dane County, Rice Lake, 19 Jun 1926, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Fassett 2783</emphasis>
(GH); Iron County, Mercer, near outlet of Grand Portage Lake, 17 Sep 2000, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Nee &amp; Atha 50993</emphasis>
(BM); Brown County, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kellogg’s">Kellogg's</normalizedToken>
Work Farm, 6 Aug 1902, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Schuette 96</emphasis>
(GH); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Wyoming</emphasis>
: Fremont County, Lander, along the Popo Agie River just south of city limits; overflow channel of river, 1615 m, 2 Aug 1965, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Scott 588</emphasis>
(GH).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
<pageBreakToken pageId="116" pageNumber="117" start="start">Uzbekistan</pageBreakToken>
</emphasis>
. on the right bank of the Amu-dari [Amu-Darya River] between two rocks, near [Kumksntau], 15 Jul 1873, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Karolkov &amp; Krause</emphasis>
s.n. (LE); Karakalpakiya, near Amu-dari [Amu-Darya River], 22 Aug 1874, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Smirnov</emphasis>
s.n. (LE).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>