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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.52860" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e27c18de-98bd-41e1-9354-11d49edd5d33" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167407636" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-577" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D4882E78D81B5FA394A6A156886835E4" ModsDocID="1860-0743-2-577" checkinTime="1599019521532" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Vinarski, Maxim V., Aksenova, Olga V. &amp; Bolotov, Ivan N." docDate="2020" docId="218EB47FB74F5268807A7B0D8A3DF536" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 96(2): 577-608" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 96 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.52860" docTitle="Radix (Radix) auricularia" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="D4882E78D81B5FA394A6A156886835E4" lastPageNumber="577" masterDocId="D4882E78D81B5FA394A6A156886835E4" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic assessment of genetically-delineated species of radicine snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae)" masterLastPageNumber="608" masterPageNumber="577" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" updateTime="1634717030393" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Taxonomic assessment of genetically-delineated species of radicine snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vinarski, Maxim V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Macroecology and Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint-Petersburg State University, 7 / 9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russia &amp; Omsk State University, 28 Adrianova Str., 644077, Omsk, Russia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7644-4164</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">radix.vinarski@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Aksenova, Olga V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Macroecology and Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint-Petersburg State University, 7 / 9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russia &amp; N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 23 Severnaya Dvina Emb., 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0817-7105</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bolotov, Ivan N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 23 Severnaya Dvina Emb., 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russia &amp; Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 17 Severnaya Dvina Emb., 163002, Arkhangelsk, Russia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3878-4192</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>96</mods:number>
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.52860</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.52860</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B8CF4E84-1FEE-46F3-B275-BAFA6824902B</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167407636" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:218EB47FB74F5268807A7B0D8A3DF536" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/218EB47FB74F5268807A7B0D8A3DF536" lastPageNumber="577" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="577" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
1.
<taxonomicName LSID="218EB47F-B74F-5268-807A-7B0D8A3DF536" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radix (Radix) auricularia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="auricularia" subGenus="Radix">Radix (Radix) auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Shells of species in the genus Radix. A. Radix auricularia (28.08.2013, Kazakhstan, Karaganda Region, Suresai River; LMBI); B. R. alticola (20.06.2012, Tajikistan, a hot spring near Djelandy village; LMBI); C. R. alticola (01.07.2016, Tajikistan, a warm brook near Dzhaushangoz village; LMBI); D. R. brevicauda (Kashmir, a syntype; NHMUK); E. R. brevicauda (05.08.1948, Tajikistan, Pamir Mts., Shaimak village, in a warm spring; ZISP); F. R. euphratica (26.06.2016, Tajikistan, Dushanbe, a fountain near the President's palace; LMBI); G. R. euphratica (04.07.2016, Tajikistan, a roadside ditch near Kurban-Shakhid village; LMBI); H. R. euphratica (without date, Iraq, Bagdad; NHMUK); I. R. makhrovi, the holotype (China, Tibet, a roadside ditch west of the Lhasa River mouth; ZISP); J. R. plicatula, a probable syntype (China, Chusan, NHMUK); K. R. plicatula (26.07.2017, China, Uyghuria, Bagrash-kol' Lake; LMBI); L. R. plicatula (26.11.2014, China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former Emperor's summer palace; LMBI). Scale bars: 2 mm (B-C, F-L), 5 mm (A, D-E, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448267" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Copulatory apparatuses of the species of the genus Radix. A. Radix auricularia (19.07.2007, Russia, Tyumen' Region, Vylposl channel near Labytnangi Town); B. R. alticola (01.07.2016, Tajikistan, a warm brook near Dzhaushangoz village); C. R. euphratica (04.07.2016, Tajikistan, a roadside ditch near Kurban-Shakhid village); D. R. makhrovi, a paratype (after Aksenova et al. 2018 a, modified). E. R. plicatula (26.11.2014, China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former Emperor's summer palace). F. R. rubiginosa (Malaysia, Kuala-Lumpur); G. R. rufescens (24.11.2016, Myanmar, Yetho River, near the dam). H. R. natalensis (05.08.2018, Uganda, crater lake Kyamwiga). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448268" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">; 4A.</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="577" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix auricularia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="auricularia">Helix auricularia</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542" author="Linnaeus, C" journalOrPublisher="Salvius, Holmiae, 1" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B75" refString="Linnaeus, C, 1758. Caroli Linnaei ... systema naturae per regne tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis... Editio decima reformata. L. Salvius, Holmiae, 1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542" title="Caroli Linnaei ... systema naturae per regne tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis ... Editio decima reformata. L." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
: 774, 775.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea auricularia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="auricularia">Lymnaea auricularia</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Hubendick, B" journalOrPublisher="Fjaerde Serien" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B51" refString="Hubendick, B, 1951. Recent Lymnaeidae. Their variation, morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar. Fjaerde Serien 3: 1 - 223" title="Recent Lymnaeidae. Their variation, morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar." volume="3" year="1951">Hubendick 1951</bibRefCitation>
: 151, figs 96, 97, 99 (partim).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea (Radix) auricularia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="auricularia" subGenus="Radix">Lymnaea (Radix) auricularia</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Kruglov, ND" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica: The Russian Malacological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="65 - 92" refId="B69" refString="Kruglov, ND, Starobogatov, YI, 1993a. Annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda Pulmonata Lymnaeiformes) of Palaearctic and adjacent river drainage areas. Part I. Ruthenica: The Russian Malacological Journal 3: 65 - 92" title="Annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda Pulmonata Lymnaeiformes) of Palaearctic and adjacent river drainage areas. Part I." volume="3" year="1993 a">Kruglov and Starobogatov 1993a</bibRefCitation>
: 85, fig. 10E;
<bibRefCitation author="Jackiewicz, M" journalOrPublisher="Genus" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 93" refId="B53" refString="Jackiewicz, M, 1998. European species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Basommatophora). Genus 9: 1 - 93" title="European species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Basommatophora)." volume="9" year="1998">Jackiewicz 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 47, figs 64, 65, pl. II, X.7, XI, 1, 2;
<bibRefCitation author="Kruglov, ND" journalOrPublisher="SGPU Publishing, Smolensk" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" refId="B62" refString="Kruglov, ND, 2005. Mollusks of the Family Lymnaeidae (GastropodaPulmonata) in Europe and Northern Asia. SGPU Publishing, Smolensk, http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" title="Mollusks of the Family Lymnaeidae (GastropodaPulmonata) in Europe and Northern Asia." url="http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" year="2005">Kruglov 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 250, figs 137(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">1</emphasis>
)-139;
<bibRefCitation author="Andreeva, SI" journalOrPublisher="The authors, Omsk" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B7" refString="Andreeva, SI, Andreyev, NI, Vinarski, MV, 2010. Key to freshwater gastropods of Western Siberia (Mollusca: Gastropoda). V. 1. Gastropoda: Pulmonata. Fasc. 1. Families Acroloxidae and Lymnaeidae. The authors, Omsk" title="Key to freshwater gastropods of Western Siberia (Mollusca: Gastropoda). V. 1. Gastropoda: Pulmonata. Fasc. 1. Families Acroloxidae and Lymnaeidae." year="2010">Andreeva et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 99, fig. 48.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov" authorityYear="1989" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea (Radix) hadutkae" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hadutkae" subGenus="Radix">Lymnaea (Radix) hadutkae</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Kruglov, ND" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="17 - 30" refId="B68" refString="Kruglov, ND, Starobogatov, YI, 1989. Morphology and taxonomy of the molluscs from the subgenus Radix of the genus Lymnaea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Lymnaeidae) from Siberia and Far East of the USSR. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal 68: 17 - 30" title="Morphology and taxonomy of the molluscs from the subgenus Radix of the genus Lymnaea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Lymnaeidae) from Siberia and Far East of the USSR." volume="68" year="1989">Kruglov and Starobogatov 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 22, figs 1(12), 2(7); 1993a: 85, fig. 11D.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov" authorityYear="1989" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea (Radix) hakusyensis" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hakusyensis" subGenus="Radix">Lymnaea (Radix) hakusyensis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Kruglov, ND" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="17 - 30" refId="B68" refString="Kruglov, ND, Starobogatov, YI, 1989. Morphology and taxonomy of the molluscs from the subgenus Radix of the genus Lymnaea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Lymnaeidae) from Siberia and Far East of the USSR. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal 68: 17 - 30" title="Morphology and taxonomy of the molluscs from the subgenus Radix of the genus Lymnaea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Lymnaeidae) from Siberia and Far East of the USSR." volume="68" year="1989">Kruglov and Starobogatov 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 20, figs 1(8), 2(6); 1993a: 88, fig. 11G.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov" authorityYear="1989" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea (Radix) thermobaicalica" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="thermobaicalica" subGenus="Radix">Lymnaea (Radix) thermobaicalica</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Kruglov, ND" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="17 - 30" refId="B68" refString="Kruglov, ND, Starobogatov, YI, 1989. Morphology and taxonomy of the molluscs from the subgenus Radix of the genus Lymnaea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Lymnaeidae) from Siberia and Far East of the USSR. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal 68: 17 - 30" title="Morphology and taxonomy of the molluscs from the subgenus Radix of the genus Lymnaea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Lymnaeidae) from Siberia and Far East of the USSR." volume="68" year="1989">Kruglov and Starobogatov 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 20, figs 1(10), 2(8); 1993a: 85, fig. 11E.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov" authorityYear="1989" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea (Radix) thermokamtschatica" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="thermokamtschatica" subGenus="Radix">Lymnaea (Radix) thermokamtschatica</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Kruglov, ND" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="17 - 30" refId="B68" refString="Kruglov, ND, Starobogatov, YI, 1989. Morphology and taxonomy of the molluscs from the subgenus Radix of the genus Lymnaea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Lymnaeidae) from Siberia and Far East of the USSR. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal 68: 17 - 30" title="Morphology and taxonomy of the molluscs from the subgenus Radix of the genus Lymnaea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Lymnaeidae) from Siberia and Far East of the USSR." volume="68" year="1989">Kruglov and Starobogatov 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 22, figs 1(9), 2(9); 1993a: 85, fig. 11F.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radix auricularia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="auricularia">Radix auricularia</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Gloeer, P" journalOrPublisher="Conchbooks, Hackenheim" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B41" refString="Gloeer, P, 2002. Die Susswassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas: Bestimmungschlussel, Lebenweise, Verbreitung. Conchbooks, Hackenheim" title="Die Susswassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas: Bestimmungschlussel, Lebenweise, Verbreitung." year="2002">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Glöer">Gloeer</normalizedToken>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
: 213, fig. 241;
<bibRefCitation author="Welter-Schultes, FW" journalOrPublisher="Planet Poster Editions, Goettingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B147" refString="Welter-Schultes, FW, 2012. European Non-Marine Molluscs, a Guide for Species Identification. Planet Poster Editions, Goettingen" title="European Non-Marine Molluscs, a Guide for Species Identification." year="2012">Welter-Schultes 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 52, textfig;
<bibRefCitation author="Vinarski, MV" journalOrPublisher="Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B142" refString="Vinarski, MV, Kantor, YI, 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" title="Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A. N." year="2016">Vinarski and Kantor 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 318;
<bibRefCitation author="Aksenova, OV" journalOrPublisher="The Bulletin of the Russian Far East Malacological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="5 - 27" publicationUrl="http://rfems.dvo.ru/images/rfems/bulletin/vol_020_2/article_01.pdf" refId="B3" refString="Aksenova, OV, Vinarski, MV, Bolotov, IN, Beslapaya, YV, Kondakov, AV, Paltser, IS, 2016. An overview of Radix species of the Kamchatka Peninsula (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae). The Bulletin of the Russian Far East Malacological Society 20: 5 - 27, http://rfems.dvo.ru/images/rfems/bulletin/vol_020_2/article_01.pdf" title="An overview of Radix species of the Kamchatka Peninsula (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae)." url="http://rfems.dvo.ru/images/rfems/bulletin/vol_020_2/article_01.pdf" volume="20" year="2016">Aksenova et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 16, figs 1F, G; 2;
<bibRefCitation author="Gloeer, P" journalOrPublisher="Conchbooks, Hackenheim" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B42" refString="Gloeer, P, 2019. The Freshwater Gastropoda of the West-Palaearctis. V. I. Fresh- and brackish waters except spring and subterranean snails. The author, 400 pp." title="The Freshwater Gastropoda of the West-Palaearctis. V. I. Fresh- and brackish waters except spring and subterranean snails. The author, 400 pp." year="2019">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Glöer">Gloeer</normalizedToken>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
: 236, fig. 294.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="577" type="tl">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">TL.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Europe.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="577" type="types">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
Possibly lost (
<bibRefCitation author="Vinarski, MV" journalOrPublisher="Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B142" refString="Vinarski, MV, Kantor, YI, 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" title="Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A. N." year="2016">Vinarski and Kantor 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
This species is common in Eurasia, sporadically distributed in North Africa, introduced into North America and New Zealand (
<bibRefCitation author="Hubendick, B" journalOrPublisher="Fjaerde Serien" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B51" refString="Hubendick, B, 1951. Recent Lymnaeidae. Their variation, morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar. Fjaerde Serien 3: 1 - 223" title="Recent Lymnaeidae. Their variation, morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar." volume="3" year="1951">Hubendick 1951</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1979.10428380" author="Charleston, WAG" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="405 - 406" refId="B30" refString="Charleston, WAG, Climo, FM, 1979. On the occurrence of Lymnaea auricularia (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 6: 405 - 406, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1979.10428380" title="On the occurrence of Lymnaea auricularia (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in New Zealand." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1979.10428380" volume="6" year="1979">Charleston and Climo 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Burch, JB" journalOrPublisher="Malacological Publications, Hamburg (Michigan)" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B28" refString="Burch, JB, 1989. North American Freshwater Snails. Malacological Publications, Hamburg (Michigan)" title="North American Freshwater Snails." year="1989">Burch 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482295184" author="Brown, DS" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B26" refString="Brown, DS, 1994. Freshwater Snails of Africa and Their Medical Importance. Taylor and Francis, London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482295184" title="Freshwater Snails of Africa and Their Medical Importance." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482295184" year="1994">Brown 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Kruglov, ND" journalOrPublisher="SGPU Publishing, Smolensk" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" refId="B62" refString="Kruglov, ND, 2005. Mollusks of the Family Lymnaeidae (GastropodaPulmonata) in Europe and Northern Asia. SGPU Publishing, Smolensk, http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" title="Mollusks of the Family Lymnaeidae (GastropodaPulmonata) in Europe and Northern Asia." url="http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" year="2005">Kruglov 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Andreeva, SI" journalOrPublisher="The authors, Omsk" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B7" refString="Andreeva, SI, Andreyev, NI, Vinarski, MV, 2010. Key to freshwater gastropods of Western Siberia (Mollusca: Gastropoda). V. 1. Gastropoda: Pulmonata. Fasc. 1. Families Acroloxidae and Lymnaeidae. The authors, Omsk" title="Key to freshwater gastropods of Western Siberia (Mollusca: Gastropoda). V. 1. Gastropoda: Pulmonata. Fasc. 1. Families Acroloxidae and Lymnaeidae." year="2010">Andreeva et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
). It has many times been characterised in literature, both conchologically and anatomically (
<bibRefCitation author="Jackiewicz, M" journalOrPublisher="Genus" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 93" refId="B53" refString="Jackiewicz, M, 1998. European species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Basommatophora). Genus 9: 1 - 93" title="European species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Basommatophora)." volume="9" year="1998">Jackiewicz 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Gloeer, P" journalOrPublisher="Conchbooks, Hackenheim" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B41" refString="Gloeer, P, 2002. Die Susswassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas: Bestimmungschlussel, Lebenweise, Verbreitung. Conchbooks, Hackenheim" title="Die Susswassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas: Bestimmungschlussel, Lebenweise, Verbreitung." year="2002">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Glöer">Gloeer</normalizedToken>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Kruglov, ND" journalOrPublisher="SGPU Publishing, Smolensk" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" refId="B62" refString="Kruglov, ND, 2005. Mollusks of the Family Lymnaeidae (GastropodaPulmonata) in Europe and Northern Asia. SGPU Publishing, Smolensk, http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" title="Mollusks of the Family Lymnaeidae (GastropodaPulmonata) in Europe and Northern Asia." url="http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" year="2005">Kruglov 2005</bibRefCitation>
). The typical form of this snail has an ear-shaped shell with shortened spire and greatly expanded body whorl (see Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Shells of species in the genus Radix. A. Radix auricularia (28.08.2013, Kazakhstan, Karaganda Region, Suresai River; LMBI); B. R. alticola (20.06.2012, Tajikistan, a hot spring near Djelandy village; LMBI); C. R. alticola (01.07.2016, Tajikistan, a warm brook near Dzhaushangoz village; LMBI); D. R. brevicauda (Kashmir, a syntype; NHMUK); E. R. brevicauda (05.08.1948, Tajikistan, Pamir Mts., Shaimak village, in a warm spring; ZISP); F. R. euphratica (26.06.2016, Tajikistan, Dushanbe, a fountain near the President's palace; LMBI); G. R. euphratica (04.07.2016, Tajikistan, a roadside ditch near Kurban-Shakhid village; LMBI); H. R. euphratica (without date, Iraq, Bagdad; NHMUK); I. R. makhrovi, the holotype (China, Tibet, a roadside ditch west of the Lhasa River mouth; ZISP); J. R. plicatula, a probable syntype (China, Chusan, NHMUK); K. R. plicatula (26.07.2017, China, Uyghuria, Bagrash-kol' Lake; LMBI); L. R. plicatula (26.11.2014, China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former Emperor's summer palace; LMBI). Scale bars: 2 mm (B-C, F-L), 5 mm (A, D-E, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448267" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">3A</figureCitation>
). However,
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. auricularia" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="auricularia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. auricularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits wide variation is shell shape and proportions (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359016090090" author="Vinarski, MV" journalOrPublisher="Biology Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1003 - 1017" refId="B136" refString="Vinarski, MV, 2016b. On the reality of local and ecological races in lymnaeid snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae). Biology Bulletin 43: 1003 - 1017, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359016090090" title="On the reality of local and ecological races in lymnaeid snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359016090090" volume="43" year="2016 b">Vinarski 2016b</bibRefCitation>
). It may form local and ecological races, including dwarf races of geothermal springs, which had been accepted as valid species (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3869.5.9" author="Bolotov, I" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="585 - 593" refId="B20" refString="Bolotov, I, Bespalaya, Y, Aksenova, O, Aksenov, A, Bolotov, N, Gofarov, M, Kondakov, A, Paltser, I, Vikhrev, I, 2014. A taxonomic revision of two local endemic Radix spp. (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) from Khodutka geothermal area, Kamchatka, Russian Far East. Zootaxa 3869: 585 - 593, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3869.5.9" title="A taxonomic revision of two local endemic Radix spp. (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) from Khodutka geothermal area, Kamchatka, Russian Far East." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3869.5.9" volume="3869" year="2014">Bolotov et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Aksenova, OV" journalOrPublisher="The Bulletin of the Russian Far East Malacological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="5 - 27" publicationUrl="http://rfems.dvo.ru/images/rfems/bulletin/vol_020_2/article_01.pdf" refId="B3" refString="Aksenova, OV, Vinarski, MV, Bolotov, IN, Beslapaya, YV, Kondakov, AV, Paltser, IS, 2016. An overview of Radix species of the Kamchatka Peninsula (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae). The Bulletin of the Russian Far East Malacological Society 20: 5 - 27, http://rfems.dvo.ru/images/rfems/bulletin/vol_020_2/article_01.pdf" title="An overview of Radix species of the Kamchatka Peninsula (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae)." url="http://rfems.dvo.ru/images/rfems/bulletin/vol_020_2/article_01.pdf" volume="20" year="2016">Aksenova et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12174" author="Aksenova, O" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="298 - 309" refId="B4" refString="Aksenova, O, Vinarski, M, Bolotov, I, Kondakov, A, Bespalaya, Y, Tomilova, A, Paltser, I, Gofarov, M, 2017. Two Radix spp. (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) endemic to thermal springs around Lake Baikal represent ecotypes of the widespread Radix auricularia. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 55: 298 - 309, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12174" title="Two Radix spp. (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) endemic to thermal springs around Lake Baikal represent ecotypes of the widespread Radix auricularia." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12174" volume="55" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448267" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Shells of species in the genus
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radix" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Radix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radix auricularia" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="auricularia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Radix auricularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(28.08.2013, Kazakhstan, Karaganda Region, Suresai River; LMBI);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">B.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. alticola" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. alticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(20.06.2012, Tajikistan, a hot spring near Djelandy village; LMBI);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. alticola" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. alticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(01.07.2016, Tajikistan, a warm brook near Dzhaushangoz village; LMBI);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. brevicauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="brevicauda">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. brevicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kashmir, a syntype; NHMUK);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">E.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. brevicauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="brevicauda">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. brevicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(05.08.1948, Tajikistan, Pamir Mts., Shaimak village, in a warm spring; ZISP);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">F.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. euphratica" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="euphratica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. euphratica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(26.06.2016, Tajikistan, Dushanbe, a fountain near the
<normalizedToken originalValue="President’s">President's</normalizedToken>
palace; LMBI);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">G.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. euphratica" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="euphratica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. euphratica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(04.07.2016, Tajikistan, a roadside ditch near Kurban-Shakhid village; LMBI);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">H.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. euphratica" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="euphratica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. euphratica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(without date, Iraq, Bagdad; NHMUK);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">I.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. makhrovi" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="makhrovi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. makhrovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the holotype (China, Tibet, a roadside ditch west of the Lhasa River mouth; ZISP);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">J.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. plicatula" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. plicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a probable syntype (China, Chusan, NHMUK);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">K.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. plicatula" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. plicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(26.07.2017, China, Uyghuria,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bagrash-kol’">Bagrash-kol'</normalizedToken>
Lake; LMBI);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">L.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. plicatula" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. plicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(26.11.2014, China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former
<normalizedToken originalValue="Emperor’s">Emperor's</normalizedToken>
summer palace; LMBI). Scale bars: 2 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">B-C, F-L</emphasis>
), 5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">A, D-E, K</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
The structure of the copulatory apparatus of
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. auricularia" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="auricularia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. auricularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is quite typical for the genus. The praeputium is oblong, cylindrical and rather thick; its width is virtually equal along its whole length (see Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Copulatory apparatuses of the species of the genus Radix. A. Radix auricularia (19.07.2007, Russia, Tyumen' Region, Vylposl channel near Labytnangi Town); B. R. alticola (01.07.2016, Tajikistan, a warm brook near Dzhaushangoz village); C. R. euphratica (04.07.2016, Tajikistan, a roadside ditch near Kurban-Shakhid village); D. R. makhrovi, a paratype (after Aksenova et al. 2018 a, modified). E. R. plicatula (26.11.2014, China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former Emperor's summer palace). F. R. rubiginosa (Malaysia, Kuala-Lumpur); G. R. rufescens (24.11.2016, Myanmar, Yetho River, near the dam). H. R. natalensis (05.08.2018, Uganda, crater lake Kyamwiga). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448268" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">4A</figureCitation>
). The penis sheath is much narrower, with a bulbous swelling on its distal end. The lengths of the praepuptium and the penis sheath of
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. auricularia" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="auricularia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. auricularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are nearly equal, though in some populations, there is a substantial variation in the ICA values (
<bibRefCitation author="Vinarski, MV" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematica Rossica" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="11 - 27" publicationUrl="https://www.zin.ru/journals/zsr/content/2011/zr_2011_20_1_Vinarski.pdf" refId="B133" refString="Vinarski, MV, 2011. The &quot;index of the copulatory apparatus&quot; and its application to the systematics of freshwater pulmonates (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Zoosystematica Rossica 20: 11 - 27, https://www.zin.ru/journals/zsr/content/2011/zr_2011_20_1_Vinarski.pdf" title="The &quot; index of the copulatory apparatus &quot; and its application to the systematics of freshwater pulmonates (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata)." url="https://www.zin.ru/journals/zsr/content/2011/zr_2011_20_1_Vinarski.pdf" volume="20" year="2011">Vinarski 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448268" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Copulatory apparatuses of the species of the genus
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radix" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Radix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radix auricularia" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="auricularia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Radix auricularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(19.07.2007, Russia,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tyumen’">Tyumen'</normalizedToken>
Region, Vylposl channel near Labytnangi Town);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">B.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. alticola" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. alticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(01.07.2016, Tajikistan, a warm brook near Dzhaushangoz village);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. euphratica" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="euphratica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. euphratica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(04.07.2016, Tajikistan, a roadside ditch near Kurban-Shakhid village);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. makhrovi" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="makhrovi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. makhrovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a paratype (after
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" author="Aksenova, OV" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 17" refId="B1" refString="Aksenova, OV, Bolotov, IN, Gofarov, MY, Kondakov, AV, Vinarski, MV, Bespalaya, YV, Kolosova, YS, Palatov, DM, Sokolova, SE, Spitsyn, VM, Tomilova, AA, Travina, OV, Vikhrev, IV, 2018a. Species richness, molecular taxonomy and biogeography of the radicine pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World. Scientific Reports 8 (11199): 1 - 17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" title="Species richness, molecular taxonomy and biogeography of the radicine pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" volume="8" year="2018 a">Aksenova et al. 2018a</bibRefCitation>
, modified).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">E.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. plicatula" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. plicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(26.11.2014, China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former
<normalizedToken originalValue="Emperor’s">Emperor's</normalizedToken>
summer palace).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">F.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. rubiginosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="rubiginosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. rubiginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Malaysia, Kuala-Lumpur);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">G.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. rufescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(24.11.2016, Myanmar, Yetho River, near the dam).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">H.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. natalensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. natalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(05.08.2018, Uganda, crater lake Kyamwiga). Scale bars: 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
A characteristic trait of this species, which distinguishes it from the remaining radicines of Europe, is the presence of freckles on the foot and praeputium (
<bibRefCitation author="Gloeer, P" journalOrPublisher="Conchbooks, Hackenheim" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B42" refString="Gloeer, P, 2019. The Freshwater Gastropoda of the West-Palaearctis. V. I. Fresh- and brackish waters except spring and subterranean snails. The author, 400 pp." title="The Freshwater Gastropoda of the West-Palaearctis. V. I. Fresh- and brackish waters except spring and subterranean snails. The author, 400 pp." year="2019">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Glöer">Gloeer</normalizedToken>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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