167 lines
37 KiB
XML
167 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="BAC9C8619981C9C6E3FDBF09350995F5" ID-CLB-Dataset="29175" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4453.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="348e1a52-72a5-4809-b533-a158fc7a298a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1454920" ID-ZooBank="866690A9-0462-4892-AE29-9AAC623F87B3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539178978648" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Paweł Jałoszyński" docDate="2018" docId="2161879CFFCD8A1EFF7A36D261A7D8C6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4453.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4453 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Leptomastacini Casey 1815" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="DD58FFE4FFC68A13FFED3418614DD933" masterDocTitle="World genera of Mastigitae: review of morphological structures and new ecological data (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)" masterLastPageNumber="119" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698572836684" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B45A97F0F84388C8C5A006FEA9579122">
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<mods:title id="D5BCA5709835604E2425DD0AF2C59660">World genera of Mastigitae: review of morphological structures and new ecological data (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="025180219584415F88809AEEA28027D9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7B96BB99ACA4A6F00DA89FD4B6F0388B">Paweł Jałoszyński</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1B1179C4BD347F3F89DE61F1EE99F844">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CA8A1D2F64061AA561D192FA9DA4421E">
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<mods:date id="892CBE8B487F5432837E0BFF99AD5C9F">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A8EE325363F3136A143801593DDD352B">2018-07-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="603006A1FB09D59D275DDFF77555D161" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="ADE85491E9185AE1606342B370C4E95F">4453</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="87AA9619514306D274E8E2A73135B075" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4453.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B60624167AA732279987A2691689C06F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2161879CFFCD8A1EFF7A36D261A7D8C6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5976927" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148669762" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5976927" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2161879CFFCD8A1EFF7A36D261A7D8C6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2161879CFFCD8A1EFF7A36D261A7D8C6" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="E1D26501FFCD8A18FF7A36D262D3DA14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A977368AFFCD8A18FF7A36D260BBDBD7" blockId="11.[151,502,714,740]" box="[151,502,714,740]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="F23F81E6FFCD8A18FF7A36D260BBDBD7" bold="true" box="[151,502,714,740]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFCD8A18FF7A36D260BBDBD7" bold="true" box="[151,502,714,740]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Tribe
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<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFCD8A18FF0F36D260BBDBD7" authority="Casey" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1815" box="[226,502,714,740]" class="Insecta" family="Scydmaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" subFamily="Scydmaeninae" superTribe="Mastigitae" tribe="Leptomastacini">Leptomastacini Casey</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A977368AFFCD8A18FF7A370962D3DA14" blockId="11.[151,926,785,807]" box="[151,926,785,807]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="89D811A4FFCD8A18FF7A370962D3DA14" box="[151,926,785,807]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFCD8A18FF7A370960A6DA14" authority="Casey, 1897: 541" authorityName="Casey" authorityPageNumber="541" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,491,785,807]" class="Insecta" family="Scydmaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leptomastacini">
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Leptomastacini
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<treatmentCitation id="2869109BFFCD8A18FED4370960A6DA14" author="" box="[313,491,785,807]" page="541" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<bibRefCitation id="CD594B7BFFCD8A18FED4370960F4DA14" box="[313,441,785,807]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref51905" refString="CASEY, T. L. (1897) COLEOPTEROLOGICAL NOTICES, VII. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 9, 285 - 684." type="journal article">Casey, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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: 541
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Type genus:
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<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFCD8A18FD98370A62D7DA14" authority="PIRAzzOLI, 1855" authorityName="Pirazzoli" authorityYear="1855" box="[629,922,785,807]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Leptomastax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFCD8A18FD98370A63BBDA14" box="[629,758,786,807]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Leptomastax</emphasis>
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Pirazzoli, 1855
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E1D26501FFCD8A1FFF7A374C62D6DE8B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="A977368AFFCD8A18FF7A374C654BDC73" blockId="11.[151,1437,852,2029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFCD8A18FF7A374C605CDA5E" bold="true" box="[151,273,852,877]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFCD8A18FEF7374C608ADA5E" box="[282,455,852,877]" class="Insecta" family="Scydmaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leptomastacini">Leptomastacini</taxonomicName>
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differ from all other Mastigitae in several unique apomorphies: maxillary palpomeres IIĪIV forming a compact oval, with distal margin of palpomere III and basal margin of IV strongly oblique, and palpomere IV broader than long (e.g.
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<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFCD8A18FDA3378463EFDA87" box="[590,674,924,949]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–17" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,553,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,553,1822]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 15–17. Leptomastacini, morphological structures, Ablepton treforti. Mouthparts in ventral view (15); distal portions of labium and maxilla in ventral view (16); left maxillary palpomeres II–IV in ventral view (17). Abbreviations: bast, basistipes; cd, cardo; gal, galea; hr, hypostomal ridge; lac, lacinia; lhl, lateral hypopharyngeal lobe; lp1–3, labial palpomere I– III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; mt, mesal tooth; mxp1–4, maxillary palpomere I–IV; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; smn, submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454928/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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); most antennal flagellomeres transverse (e.g.
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<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFCD8A18FB513784645CDA87" box="[1212,1297,924,949]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–14" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1543]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1543]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 10–14. Leptomastacini, morphological structures, Ablepton treforti. Head in dorsal (10) and ventral (12) views; mouthparts in dorsal view (11); porous fields on clypeus (13); antennomeres III–VI in dorsal view (14). Abbreviations: ai, antennal insertion; bst, basistipes; cd, cardo; ce, composite eye; cl, clypeus; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gal, galea; hr, hypostomal ridge; lbr, labrum; lp, labial palp; lr, lateral ridge; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; mt, mesal tooth; pf, porous field; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pst, prostheca; ptp, posterior tentorial pit; sc, scape; smn, submentum; sp, setiferous puncture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454926/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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); body with numerous modified setae (thickened, lanceolate or leaf-like) (e.g.
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<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFCD8A18FC6F37A76549DAEB" box="[898,1028,959,984]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,193,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[160,1424,193,1788]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Leptomastacini, morphological structures, Ablepton treforti. Prothorax in ventral view (18); prosternum in ventral view (19); pterothorax and abdomen in ventral view (20); pterothorax and first visible abdominal sternite in ventral view (21). Abbreviations: acxc, adcoxal carina; aed, aedeagus; aest3, metanepisternum; ar, anterior ridge; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cx2–3, meso- and metacoxa; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; epm2, mesepimeron; lmcf, lateral mesocoxal fovea; lmf, lateral meso-metaventral fovea; lmfa, lateral metafurcal arm; mc, median carina; metaventral intercoxal process; msf, mesofurca; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pff, profurcal fovea; pmcf, postmesocoxal fovea; pre, prepectus; si, setose impression; st3–8, abdominal sternite III–VIII; v3, metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 19, 21</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFCD8A18FBFC37A76516DAEB" box="[1041,1115,959,984]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–68" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1752,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,193,1732]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 64–68. Leptomastacini, morphological structures, Taurablepton sp. Prothorax and elytral base in dorsal view (64); anterior margin of prosternum in ventral view (65); thorax and abdomen in ventral view (66); setose impression of mesoventrite in ventral view (67); mesocoxae in ventral view (68). Abbreviations: acxc, adcoxal carina; aest3, metanepisternum; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cxb, coxal bristles; epm2, mesepimeron; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral intercoxal process; nss, notosternal suture; si, setose impressions; st3–8, abdominal sternite III–VIII; v3, metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454954/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">65, 67</figureCitation>
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), especially submental setae always conspicuously thickened (e.g.
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<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFCD8A18FDA737FC63EDDACE" box="[586,672,996,1021]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–17" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,553,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,553,1822]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 15–17. Leptomastacini, morphological structures, Ablepton treforti. Mouthparts in ventral view (15); distal portions of labium and maxilla in ventral view (16); left maxillary palpomeres II–IV in ventral view (17). Abbreviations: bast, basistipes; cd, cardo; gal, galea; hr, hypostomal ridge; lac, lacinia; lhl, lateral hypopharyngeal lobe; lp1–3, labial palpomere I– III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; mt, mesal tooth; mxp1–4, maxillary palpomere I–IV; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; smn, submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454928/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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); basisternal part of prosternum largely asetose (even in taxa with dense setae on other body parts) except for rows of modified setae along anterior and posterior margins and rarely some median setae (e.g.,
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<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFCD8A18FE5D30346348DD77" box="[432,517,1068,1093]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,193,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[160,1424,193,1788]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Leptomastacini, morphological structures, Ablepton treforti. Prothorax in ventral view (18); prosternum in ventral view (19); pterothorax and abdomen in ventral view (20); pterothorax and first visible abdominal sternite in ventral view (21). Abbreviations: acxc, adcoxal carina; aed, aedeagus; aest3, metanepisternum; ar, anterior ridge; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cx2–3, meso- and metacoxa; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; epm2, mesepimeron; lmcf, lateral mesocoxal fovea; lmf, lateral meso-metaventral fovea; lmfa, lateral metafurcal arm; mc, median carina; metaventral intercoxal process; msf, mesofurca; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pff, profurcal fovea; pmcf, postmesocoxal fovea; pre, prepectus; si, setose impression; st3–8, abdominal sternite III–VIII; v3, metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 18</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFCD8A18FDFC3034637CDD76" box="[529,561,1068,1093]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–68" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1752,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,193,1732]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 64–68. Leptomastacini, morphological structures, Taurablepton sp. Prothorax and elytral base in dorsal view (64); anterior margin of prosternum in ventral view (65); thorax and abdomen in ventral view (66); setose impression of mesoventrite in ventral view (67); mesocoxae in ventral view (68). Abbreviations: acxc, adcoxal carina; aest3, metanepisternum; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cxb, coxal bristles; epm2, mesepimeron; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral intercoxal process; nss, notosternal suture; si, setose impressions; st3–8, abdominal sternite III–VIII; v3, metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454954/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">66</figureCitation>
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); metaventrite with three pairs of anterolateral foveae (e.g.,
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<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFCD8A18FB233034646FDD77" box="[1230,1314,1068,1093]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,193,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[160,1424,193,1788]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Leptomastacini, morphological structures, Ablepton treforti. Prothorax in ventral view (18); prosternum in ventral view (19); pterothorax and abdomen in ventral view (20); pterothorax and first visible abdominal sternite in ventral view (21). Abbreviations: acxc, adcoxal carina; aed, aedeagus; aest3, metanepisternum; ar, anterior ridge; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cx2–3, meso- and metacoxa; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; epm2, mesepimeron; lmcf, lateral mesocoxal fovea; lmf, lateral meso-metaventral fovea; lmfa, lateral metafurcal arm; mc, median carina; metaventral intercoxal process; msf, mesofurca; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pff, profurcal fovea; pmcf, postmesocoxal fovea; pre, prepectus; si, setose impression; st3–8, abdominal sternite III–VIII; v3, metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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); aedeagus with symmetrical median lobe and parameres, but in repose positioned asymmetrically inside abdomen (
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<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFCD8A18FAD7305764DDDD5B" box="[1338,1424,1103,1128]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,193,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[160,1424,193,1788]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Leptomastacini, morphological structures, Ablepton treforti. Prothorax in ventral view (18); prosternum in ventral view (19); pterothorax and abdomen in ventral view (20); pterothorax and first visible abdominal sternite in ventral view (21). Abbreviations: acxc, adcoxal carina; aed, aedeagus; aest3, metanepisternum; ar, anterior ridge; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cx2–3, meso- and metacoxa; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; epm2, mesepimeron; lmcf, lateral mesocoxal fovea; lmf, lateral meso-metaventral fovea; lmfa, lateral metafurcal arm; mc, median carina; metaventral intercoxal process; msf, mesofurca; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pff, profurcal fovea; pmcf, postmesocoxal fovea; pre, prepectus; si, setose impression; st3–8, abdominal sternite III–VIII; v3, metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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). Additionally,
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<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFCD8A18FED8306C60AFDDBE" box="[309,482,1140,1165]" class="Insecta" family="Scydmaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leptomastacini">Leptomastacini</taxonomicName>
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have a set of synapomorphies that occur in other genera, but never all together: mandible with one mesal tooth or lacking teeth; hypostomal ridges reaching to about middle between anterior submental margin and posterior tentorial pits; anterior and posterior margins of mesoventral setose impression with subtriangular or subtrapezoidal median asetose projections, so that the impression is horizontally 8-shaped (e.g.,
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<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFCD8A18FF7A311C61A7DC2F" box="[151,234,1284,1309]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–28" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1220,1243]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1199]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,1199]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 24–28. Leptomastacini, morphological structures, Ablepton treforti. Anterior portion of mesoventrite in ventral view (24); right mesocoxa in ventral view (25); mesonotum and elytral base in dorsal view (26); left protrochanter of male (27); admetacoxal region in ventral view (28). Abbreviations: acxc, adcoxal carina; cx2, mesocoxa; cx3, metacoxa; cxb, coxal bristles; mc, median carina; mtvp, metaventral intercoxal process; pmcf, postmesocoxal fovea; pre, prepectus; scl2, mesoscutellum; si, setose impression; st3, abdominal sternite III; tr1; protrochanter; tr2, mesotrochanter." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454934/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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); mesoventral intercoxal process slender, weakly but distinctly narrowing posterad (e.g.,
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<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFCD8A18FB24311C6457DC2F" box="[1225,1306,1284,1309]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,193,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[160,1424,193,1788]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Leptomastacini, morphological structures, Ablepton treforti. Prothorax in ventral view (18); prosternum in ventral view (19); pterothorax and abdomen in ventral view (20); pterothorax and first visible abdominal sternite in ventral view (21). Abbreviations: acxc, adcoxal carina; aed, aedeagus; aest3, metanepisternum; ar, anterior ridge; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cx2–3, meso- and metacoxa; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; epm2, mesepimeron; lmcf, lateral mesocoxal fovea; lmf, lateral meso-metaventral fovea; lmfa, lateral metafurcal arm; mc, median carina; metaventral intercoxal process; msf, mesofurca; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pff, profurcal fovea; pmcf, postmesocoxal fovea; pre, prepectus; si, setose impression; st3–8, abdominal sternite III–VIII; v3, metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
); and a row of several (3–5) long and thick coxal bristles on each mesocoxa (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFCD8A18FC4B313F62B4DC73" box="[934,1017,1319,1344]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–28" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1220,1243]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1199]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,1199]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 24–28. Leptomastacini, morphological structures, Ablepton treforti. Anterior portion of mesoventrite in ventral view (24); right mesocoxa in ventral view (25); mesonotum and elytral base in dorsal view (26); left protrochanter of male (27); admetacoxal region in ventral view (28). Abbreviations: acxc, adcoxal carina; cx2, mesocoxa; cx3, metacoxa; cxb, coxal bristles; mc, median carina; mtvp, metaventral intercoxal process; pmcf, postmesocoxal fovea; pre, prepectus; scl2, mesoscutellum; si, setose impression; st3, abdominal sternite III; tr1; protrochanter; tr2, mesotrochanter." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454934/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A977368AFFCD8A18FF2A31546331DC9E" blockId="11.[151,1437,852,2029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFCD8A18FF2A315460AEDC56" bold="true" box="[199,483,1356,1381]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Characteristics. Adults.</emphasis>
|
||
Body small, 1.10̄2.89 mm in length, slender and flattened, usually light brown or even pale yellowish, rarely moderately dark brown, covered with setae, of which all or some are modified, thickened, lanceolate or short and leaf-like.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A977368AFFCD8A18FF2A31AF6280DFC3" blockId="11.[151,1437,852,2029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Head of various shape, about as long as broad or transverse; antennal insertions anterodorsal, broadly separated, and each broadly separated from side of head and from mandibular base; vertex transverse, distinctly demarcated from 'neck' region, with a pair of conspicuously large posterolateral setiferous punctures; frons confluent with vertex, forming a subtriangular 'platform' between antennal insertions with step-wise anterolateral margins; clypeus strongly transverse; eyes vestigial or absent, often reduced to one ommatidium at each side located laterally at the level of antennal insertions. Gular plate transversely reticulated; posterior tentorial pits small, slot-like, C-shaped or straight; hypostomal ridges arcuate, posteriorly extending to middle between anterior submental margin and posterior tentorial pits. Postgenae with variously distinct longitudinal ridges, each extending anterad ventrally from occipital constriction (in one genus ridges absent).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A977368AFFCD8A18FF2A32E465DCDEDF" blockId="11.[151,1437,852,2029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Antennae moderately slender, shorter than body; scape weakly but distinctly enlarged, subequal to length of head, about as long as 3 subsequent antennomeres, with distinct, deep ventral or ventrolateral apical emargination; pedicel weakly elongate, subtriangular, 1/2̄1/3 as long as scape; antennomeres IIĪX transverse or some about as long as broad, rarely antennomere X indistinctly elongate; antennomere XI elongate and slightly asymmetrical. Antennomeres IIĪXI each with narrow subcylindrical basal stalk and sharp basal marginal ring; all antennomeres densely covered with modified setae of two forms, short and subcylindrical or lanceolate, and long and lanceolate, setae inserted on small papillate elevations, so the surface of antennomeres appears coarse.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A977368AFFCA8A1FFF2A348F60EADB0F" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Mouthparts. Labrum strongly transverse and with a deep anteromedian subtriangular emargination, with only a few dorsal setae. Mandibles symmetrical, each with one mesal tooth shifted slightly dorsad, or lacking teeth, subtriangular and robust or extremely slender and falciform, if subtriangular than with setose prostheca, when falciform then lacking prostheca. Maxillae generalized, as in all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFCA8A1FFC82351C6558D82E" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[879,1045,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scydmaeninae">Scydmaeninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except for maxillary palps, which have palpomeres III and IV forming a compact oval, without any constriction between strongly oblique apex and base of palpomeres III and IV; palpomere IV broader than long, rounded at apex; all palpomeres densely covered with modified setae. Submentum transverse, with a pair of long and conspicuously thick setae near anterior margin; submentum subtrapezoidal, with anterior margin straight or nearly straight; prementum prominent, largely membranous, with its anteromedian surface devoid of setae; insertions of labial palps broadly separated, labial palpomere I small and weakly elongate, palpomere II strongly enlarged, long and broadening distad; palpomere III narrow and distinctly longer than half length of palpomere II (in one genus palpomeres II and III subequal in length), pointed at apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A977368AFFCA8A1FFF2A3650600ADA96" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pronotum elongate (sometimes weakly so), broadest in anterior third or fourth, with anterior and posterior margins nearly straight or arcuate, anterior corners broadly rounded, posterior corners strongly obtuse-angled, sides rounded, sometimes nearly straight in posterior half; pronotal base lacking pits or groove. Prosternum laterally fused with hypomera, but sometimes with traces of notosternal sutures marked just at anterior sternal margin or near procoxal cavities, with basisternal part about as long as coxal part or distinctly longer, largely asetose, only with a row of setae along anterior and posterior margin, in one genus additionally with some median setae; coxal part demarcated anteriorly and laterally by complete arcuate ridge extending posteriorly to postcoxal hypomeral lobes; prosternal carina short, narrow or diffuse and weakly elevated, not separating procoxae; procoxal cavities broadly open; each hypomeron behind procoxal cavity forming a small subtriangular postcoxal hypomeral lobe directed mesad.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A977368AFFCA8A1FFF2A37B7609FDADE" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mesoscutellum in intact beetles not visible between elytral bases, subtriangular or subtrapezoidal; scutoscutellar suture absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A977368AFFCA8A1FFF2A37E065B5DD23" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1272,1015,1040]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Metanotum largely membranous, but with only slightly shortened alacristae; hind wings absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A977368AFFCA8A1FFF2A3004652DDC03" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mesoventrite with prepecti and anteromedian area forming a massive transverse scaly sculptured ring or 'collar' inserted into prothorax, with a shallow and strongly transverse medioventral impression just behind anterior ridge, ventral area behind collar strongly concave, forming transverse setose impression filled with modified, dense and leaf-like setae, anteromedian and posteromedian margins of setose impression each with asetose subtriangular or subtrapezoidal projection directed respectively posterad and anterad, so that setose impression is horizontally 8- shaped. Mesoventral intercoxal process slender and elongate, weakly but distinctly narrowing posterad, weakly convex or nearly flat, posteriorly fused with metaventrite. Mesepimera partly exposed in ventral view, demarcated from mesanepisterna by a ridge or fused, and from metepimera by an indistinct suture.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A977368AFFCA8A1FFF2A3124658ADF1E" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Metaventrite subquadrate or slightly transverse; mesocoxal cavities with their anterior and posterior margins carinate; posterior adcoxal margin of ventrite strongly concave and with short adcoxal carina at each side; metaventral intercoxal process very short and broad, with concave or nearly straight posterior margin and subtriangular posterolateral corners. Metanepisterna broad or narrow, exposed in ventral view; metepimera very broad. Metaventrite with three pairs of foveae: lateral meso-metaventral foveae between meso- and metaventrite laterad mesocoxal insertions; lateral mesocoxal foveae posterolaterad mesocoxal insertions; and postmesocoxal foveae posterad mesocoxal cavities. In one genus metaventrite with median longitudinal carina.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A977368AFFCA8A1FFF2A322F61BEDFAB" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Elytra elongate, oval, lacking humeral calli, basal impressions and basal foveae; in one genus each elytron with one basal or sub-basal setiferous puncture. Elytral disc with longitudinal rows of punctures, in some species weakly marked.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A977368AFFCA8A1FFF2A32BC64C8DFD3" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Abdomen longer than metaventrite, with 6 sternites visible; sternite III (first visible) much longer than each of IV̄VIII; posterior margin of sternite VIII in males not emarginate; suture between sternite VII and VIII distinct.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A977368AFFCA8A1FFF2A32F46332DE7E" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aedeagus elongate, weakly sclerotized (translucent), with symmetrical median lobe and symmetrical parameres, their apices rapidly curved mesad; flagellum straight or nearly straight. Aedeagus in repose asymmetrically positioned inside abdomen.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A977368AFFCA8A1FFF2A334F63E7DE43" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,682,1879,1904]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Spermatheca globular or strongly elongate.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A977368AFFCA8A1FFF2A336462D6DE8B" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFCA8A1FFF2A336460BCDEA6" bold="true" box="[199,497,1916,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Characteristics. Larvae.</emphasis>
|
||
Only larva of the Mediterranean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFCA8A1FFC723365642DDEA6" authority="Pirazzoli, 1855" authorityName="PIRAzzOLI" authorityYear="1855" box="[927,1376,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Leptomastax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypogea">
|
||
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFCA8A1FFC72336565D0DEA6" box="[927,1181,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Leptomastax hypogea</emphasis>
|
||
Pirazzoli, 1855
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described (Vít & De
|
||
<date id="DD76104AFFCA8A1FFE6F33B96343DE8B" box="[386,526,1952,1976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1989-03">Marzo 1989</date>
|
||
); description given at
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFCA8A1FFCE833B962D9DE8B" box="[773,916,1953,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Leptomastax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFCA8A1FFCE833B962D9DE8B" box="[773,916,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Leptomastax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E1D26501FFCA8A1EFF2A33DC62C1D9CB" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="A977368AFFCA8A1EFF2A33DC62C1D9CB" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFCA8A1FFF2A33DC637EDEEE" bold="true" box="[199,563,1988,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Composition and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFCA8A1FFDD633DC63A5DEEE" box="[571,744,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Scydmaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leptomastacini">Leptomastacini</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently comprise 30 species and subspecies classified into three genera. All species occur in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6B0CF868FFCB8A1EFDD0348063D5D99C" box="[573,664,152,175]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Palaearctic region, predominantly in the northern and eastern part of the Mediterranean Basin, with a few representatives known from the southern Carpathians, western Caucasus and the southern coastal region of Caspian Sea ("Hyrcania") (
|
||
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFCB8A1EFCF434C762CDD9CB" box="[793,896,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–9" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1535,1558]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1515]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1515]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 7–9. Leptomastacini, distribution of extant species. Ablepton (7); Leptomastax (8); Taurablepton (9)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454924/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 7–9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E1D26501FFCB8A1EFF2A351C61A7D8C6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="A977368AFFCB8A1EFF2A351C61A7D8C6" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFCB8A1EFF2A351C6076D82E" bold="true" box="[199,315,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFCB8A1EFEAB351C60BED82E" box="[326,499,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Scydmaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leptomastacini">Leptomastacini</taxonomicName>
|
||
are adapted to subterranean life, which is reflected by their small and flattened bodies, light pigmentation and reduction of composite eyes, wings and associated structures of the wing base. They have many unique apomorphies and are one of the best defined tribes, strongly supported as monophyletic unit in phylogenetic analyses (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD594B7BFFCB8A1EFE4D35776338D8BB" box="[416,629,367,392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref52839" refString="JAlOSzYnSkI, P. (2012 A) BEETLES WITH ' TROCHANTELLI': PHYLOGENY Of CEPHENNIINI (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIdAE: SCYdMAENINAE) fOCUSSING ON NEOTROPICAL GENERA. Systematic Entomology, 37, 448 - 477." type="journal article">Jałoszyński 2012b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2016a; Jałoszyński
|
||
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFCB8A1EFC8C356962D6D8BB" box="[865,923,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018). In addition to characters given in the diagnosis,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFCB8A1EFEE3358C60F6D89E" box="[270,443,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Scydmaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leptomastacini">Leptomastacini</taxonomicName>
|
||
may also be unique among Mastigitae (and all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFCB8A1EFC20358C653FD89E" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[973,1138,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scydmaeninae">Scydmaeninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in having the tarsal claws with longitudinal costae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFCB8A1EFE5835AF6375D8E3" box="[437,568,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 75–77" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,661,1892]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 75–77. Leptomastacini, morphological structures, Taurablepton sp. Right protarsus in dorsal view (75); tarsal claws in lateroventral (76) and ventral (77) views. Abbreviations: emps, empodial setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454960/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 76–77</figureCitation>
|
||
), but further study is required to verify whether it is stable or variable within genera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |