297 lines
32 KiB
XML
297 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.35929/RSZ.0049" ID-GBIF-Dataset="172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5639938" checkinTime="1635892563566" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schuchert, Peter & Collins, Richard" docDate="2021" docId="D0118A7C5B17000FFF17FBF4FB377EA7" docLanguage="en" docName="RevSuisseZool.128.2.237-356.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256.2:RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Proboscidactyla gemmifera" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="263" masterDocId="2C28F2045B0C0014FFCFFF96FFDB7820" masterDocTitle="Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream" masterLastPageNumber="356" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="263" updateTime="1683579073239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schuchert, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Muséum d’histoire naturelle, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">peter.schuchert@ville-ge.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Collins, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>880 NE 33 rd Street, Boca Raton, Florida, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rc6684@icloud.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-10-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>128</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>237</mods:start>
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<mods:end>356</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.35929/RSZ.0049</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5639938</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5718499" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190510836" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5718499" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0118A7C5B17000FFF17FBF4FB377EA7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0118A7C5B17000FFF17FBF4FB377EA7" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">
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<subSubSection box="[216,691,1122,1146]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[216,691,1122,1178]" box="[216,691,1122,1146]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">
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<heading bold="true" box="[216,691,1122,1146]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="84CJ7" ID-ENA="2805955" authority="(Fewkes, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Fewkes" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[216,691,1122,1146]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gemmifera">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[216,691,1122,1146]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[216,516,1122,1146]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Proboscidactyla gemmifera</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Fewkes J. W." bookContentInfo="pls 1 - 7." box="[530,684,1122,1146]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" pagination="251 - 289" part="9" refId="ref67772" refString="Fewkes J. W. 1882 a. Notes on acalephs from the Tortugas, with a description of new genera and species. In: Explorations of the surface fauna of the Gulf Stream, under the auspices of the U. S. Coast Survey, by Alexander Agassiz. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College 9 (7): 251 - 289, pls 1 - 7." title="Notes on acalephs from the Tortugas, with a description of new genera and species" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Explorations of the surface fauna of the Gulf Stream, under the auspices of the U. S. Coast Survey, by Alexander Agassiz" year="1882">Fewkes, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[394,513,1154,1178]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[216,691,1122,1178]" box="[394,513,1154,1178]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">
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<figureCitation box="[394,467,1154,1178]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,186,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,257,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[175,1412,257,1922]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 15. Proboscidactyla gemmifera. Note that the usage of a flash brightens very much the exumbrellar nematocysts. (A) BFLA4338, diameter 3 mm. (B) Medusa photographed 24-JAN-2020, not collected, diameter 3 mm.(C) BFLA4285, lateral view, diameter 3 mm, arrows point to blastostyles (D) BFLA4285, oral view. (E) BFLA4321, aboral view. (F) BFLA4321, lateral view of bell margin, diameter 2.5 mm, note regular arrangement of exumbrellar nematocysts patches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639980/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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A-F
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="263" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="27" pageNumber="263">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[151,756,1200,1340]" box="[151,646,1200,1222]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">
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<treatmentCitation author="Fewkes J. W." box="[151,519,1200,1222]" page="300" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" year="1882">
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<taxonomicName authority="Fewkes, 1882 b: 300" authorityName="Fewkes" authorityPageNumber="300" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,519,1200,1222]" class="Bryopsida" family="Pottiaceae" genus="Willia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pottiales" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="gemmifera">
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<emphasis box="[151,318,1200,1221]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Willia gemmifera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Fewkes" box="[323,519,1200,1222]" firstAuthor="Fewkes" page="300" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" pagination="291 - 310" refId="ref67848" refString="Fewkes J. W. 1882 b. On the Acalephae of the East coast of New- England. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College 9 (8): 291 - 310, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1882" yearSuffix="b">Fewkes, 1882b: 300</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 1 fig. 24.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[151,756,1200,1340]" box="[151,638,1229,1251]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">
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<emphasis box="[151,424,1229,1251]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fewkes" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[151,420,1229,1251]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gemmifera">Proboscidactyla gemmifera</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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–
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<treatmentCitation author="Browne E. T." box="[446,634,1229,1251]" page="727" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" year="1905">
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<bibRefCitation author="Browne" box="[446,634,1229,1251]" firstAuthor="Browne" page="727" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" pagination="722 - 749" refId="ref66602" refString="Browne E. T. 1905. Hydromedusae with a revision of the Williadae and Petasidae. Fauna and geography Maldives and Laccadives Archipelagoes 2 (3): 722 - 749, pls 54 - 57." type="journal article" year="1905">Browne, 1905: 727</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[151,756,1200,1340]" box="[151,691,1259,1281]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Fewkes, 1882)" box="[151,375,1259,1281]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Dyscannota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gemmifera">
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<emphasis box="[151,375,1259,1281]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Dyscannota gemmifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Mayer A. G." box="[404,565,1259,1280]" page="47" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" year="1900">
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<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[404,565,1259,1280]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="47" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref71587" refString="Mayer A. G. 1900. Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard 37 (2): 13 - 82, pls 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer, 1900: 47</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 8 fig. 17.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[151,756,1200,1340]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Fewkes, 1882)" box="[151,540,1288,1310]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="ornata" variety="gemmifera">
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<emphasis box="[151,381,1288,1310]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Proboscidactyla ornata</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis box="[434,540,1288,1309]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">gemmifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis box="[540,564,1288,1310]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">. –</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation author="Mayer A. G." box="[573,752,1288,1310]" page="192" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[573,752,1288,1310]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="192" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910: 192</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 101a, pl. 21, figs 1-3.
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</paragraph>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="263" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,756,1363,1739]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,377,1363,1387]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Material examined:</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574420" accessionNumber="MW528699" collectingDate="2019-12-06" collectionCode="BFLA" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" specimenCode="BFLA4285" specimenCount="1">
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||
<specimenCode box="[384,509,1363,1387]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">BFLA4285</specimenCode>
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;
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||
<specimenCount box="[521,646,1363,1387]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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||
;
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||
<collectingDate pageId="27" pageNumber="263" value="2019-12-06">
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||
<date pageId="27" pageNumber="263" value="2019-12-06">06-DEC- 2019</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
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||
; size
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||
<quantity box="[285,358,1395,1419]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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||
, 19 tentacles, with medusa buds; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
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<accessionNumber box="[151,284,1459,1483]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528699" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">MW528699</accessionNumber>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574442" accessionNumber="MW528699" collectingDate="2020-01-24" collectionCode="BFLA" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" specimenCode="BFLA4321" specimenCount="1">
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–
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<specimenCode box="[320,446,1459,1483]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">BFLA4321</specimenCode>
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;
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||
<specimenCount box="[460,587,1459,1483]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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||
;
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||
<collectingDate box="[601,752,1459,1483]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" value="2020-01-24">
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||
<date box="[601,752,1459,1483]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" value="2020-01-24">24-JAN-2020</date>
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</collectingDate>
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||
; size
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||
<quantity box="[201,286,1491,1515]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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||
, 17 tentacles, with medusa buds; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
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||
<accessionNumber box="[187,321,1555,1579]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528699" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">MW528699</accessionNumber>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574528" accessionNumber="MW528699" collectingDate="2020-02-07" collectionCode="BFLA" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" specimenCode="BFLA4338" specimenCount="1">
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–
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<specimenCode box="[366,492,1555,1579]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">BFLA4338</specimenCode>
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;
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<specimenCount box="[510,643,1555,1579]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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||
;
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<collectingDate pageId="27" pageNumber="263" value="2020-02-07">
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<date pageId="27" pageNumber="263" value="2020-02-07">07-FEB- 2020</date>
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</collectingDate>
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; size
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<quantity box="[285,358,1587,1611]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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, 18 tentacles, with medusa buds; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
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||
<accessionNumber box="[289,421,1651,1675]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528699" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">MW528699</accessionNumber>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574517" collectingDate="2020-01-24" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" specimenCount="1">
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||
–
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||
<date box="[462,613,1651,1675]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" value="2020-01-24">
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||
<collectingDate box="[462,613,1651,1675]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" value="2020-01-24">24-JAN-2020</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
;
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||
<specimenCount box="[629,756,1651,1675]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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photographed, not collected;
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<quantity box="[476,544,1683,1707]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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||
, 14 tentacles, with medusa buds.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="263" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,756,1762,2077]" lastBlockId="27.[832,1436,257,314]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,302,1762,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Observation:</emphasis>
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Medusae as described for
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[609,711,1763,1786]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
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<emphasis box="[609,711,1763,1786]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">P. ornata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but somewhat smaller, 2.5-3 mm, though none of them appear sexually mature, tentacle numbers 14-19, more nematocyst patches on exumbrella, these often quite irregular and some not in linear arrays, no dark pigment in gastrodermis of tentacle bulbs. The most notable difference is the presence of four blastostyles (
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<figureCitation box="[652,748,1955,1979]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,186,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,257,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[175,1412,257,1922]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 15. Proboscidactyla gemmifera. Note that the usage of a flash brightens very much the exumbrellar nematocysts. (A) BFLA4338, diameter 3 mm. (B) Medusa photographed 24-JAN-2020, not collected, diameter 3 mm.(C) BFLA4285, lateral view, diameter 3 mm, arrows point to blastostyles (D) BFLA4285, oral view. (E) BFLA4321, aboral view. (F) BFLA4321, lateral view of bell margin, diameter 2.5 mm, note regular arrangement of exumbrellar nematocysts patches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639980/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
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) at each of the proximal-most branching points of the radial canals. Blastostyle resembling a polyp with one short capitate tentacle (visible in
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<figureCitation box="[604,748,2053,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,186,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,257,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[175,1412,257,1922]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 15. Proboscidactyla gemmifera. Note that the usage of a flash brightens very much the exumbrellar nematocysts. (A) BFLA4338, diameter 3 mm. (B) Medusa photographed 24-JAN-2020, not collected, diameter 3 mm.(C) BFLA4285, lateral view, diameter 3 mm, arrows point to blastostyles (D) BFLA4285, oral view. (E) BFLA4321, aboral view. (F) BFLA4321, lateral view of bell margin, diameter 2.5 mm, note regular arrangement of exumbrellar nematocysts patches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639980/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Fig. 15A, C</figureCitation>
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) and bearing one to several medusa buds of different development stages.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[832,1208,336,361]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1208,336,361]" box="[832,1208,336,361]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,943,336,361]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">16S Data:</emphasis>
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See
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<tableCitation box="[995,1073,337,361]" captionStart="Table 1. 16" captionStartId="4.[151,204,770,792]" captionTargetId="graphics-269@4.[151,1437,854,2063]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. 16S haplotype p-distances (% base pair differences in aligned sequence pairs) and number of haplotypes observed in the examined material. Only the species for which such a comparison was possible are listed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" tableUuid="0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14">Table 1</tableCitation>
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and
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1125,1204,337,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[151,186,1147,1169]" captionTargetBox="[224,1329,261,1078]" captionTargetId="graphics-326@29.[224,1078,282,1040]" captionText="Fig. 16. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Proboscidactylidae and related taxa obtained with PhyML (GTR+G model) and based on about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%).All sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study. All samples are based on medusae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5646496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5646496/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="263" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1436,384,504]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,983,384,408]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
NE Atlantic from Cape Hatteras to
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[832,913,416,440]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, likely more widely spread but identifications are unreliable (see
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1034,1131,449,472]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1034,1131,449,472]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">P. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1153,1206,448,472]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1307,1363,448,472]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Beaufort Inlet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="263" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,527,1672]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,945,527,551]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Although the three samples used to obtain 16S sequence data were collected at different dates they all proved to be identical and clearly distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[893,993,624,647]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[893,993,624,647]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">P. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1011,1093,623,647]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[151,186,1147,1169]" captionTargetBox="[224,1329,261,1078]" captionTargetId="graphics-326@29.[224,1078,282,1040]" captionText="Fig. 16. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Proboscidactylidae and related taxa obtained with PhyML (GTR+G model) and based on about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%).All sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study. All samples are based on medusae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5646496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5646496/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). This clade seems to be about equally distant from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1063,1164,656,679]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1063,1164,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">P. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as it is from the Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Brandt, 1835" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1835" box="[832,1131,687,711]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flavicirrata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[832,979,687,711]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">P. flavicirrata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brandt" box="[987,1131,687,711]" firstAuthor="Brandt" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" pagination="201 - 275" refId="ref66169" refString="Brandt J. F. 1834 - 1835. Prodromus descriptionis animalium ab H. Mertensio in orbis terrarum circumnavigatione observatorum. Fascic. I., Polypos, Acalephas Discophoras et Siphonophoras, nec non Echinodermata continens / auctore, Johanne Friderico Brandt. Recueil des Actes des seances publiques de l'Academie imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg 1834: 201 - 275." type="journal article" year="1835">Brandt, 1835</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This evident barcoding gap argues for it representing a distinct species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,527,1672]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">
|
||
The observed morphological differences to the sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[832,940,784,807]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[832,940,784,807]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">P. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are listed above. It must be noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[832,970,815,839]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Dyscannota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gemmifera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[832,970,815,839]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">P. gemmifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found during the winter months, while the mature
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[952,1049,848,871]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[952,1049,848,871]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">P. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were seen from March to June.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,527,1672]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fewkes" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[832,1132,879,903]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gemmifera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[832,1132,879,903]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Proboscidactyla gemmifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described based on a single medusa which was probably not fully developed as it had only eight tentacles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brooks" box="[1179,1333,943,968]" firstAuthor="Brooks" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" pagination="670 - 671" refId="ref66453" refString="Brooks W. K. 1880. Budding in free Medusae. American Naturalist 14: 670 - 671." type="journal article" year="1880">Brooks, 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fewkes" firstAuthor="Fewkes" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" pagination="291 - 310" refId="ref67848" refString="Fewkes J. W. 1882 b. On the Acalephae of the East coast of New- England. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College 9 (8): 291 - 310, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1882" yearSuffix="b">Fewkes, 1882b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[926,1072,976,1000]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref71587" refString="Mayer A. G. 1900. Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard 37 (2): 13 - 82, pls 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer (1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[1088,1143,976,1000]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) later supplemented more detailed descriptions of more advanced specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[893,974,1039,1063]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
. These descriptions do not agree with our specimens concerning the position of the blastostyles. Fewkes and Mayer found them at the junction of the radial canal to the manubrium, while in our samples they were located at the first bifurcation of the radial canals (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[839,939,1199,1224]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,186,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,257,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[175,1412,257,1922]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 15. Proboscidactyla gemmifera. Note that the usage of a flash brightens very much the exumbrellar nematocysts. (A) BFLA4338, diameter 3 mm. (B) Medusa photographed 24-JAN-2020, not collected, diameter 3 mm.(C) BFLA4285, lateral view, diameter 3 mm, arrows point to blastostyles (D) BFLA4285, oral view. (E) BFLA4321, aboral view. (F) BFLA4321, lateral view of bell margin, diameter 2.5 mm, note regular arrangement of exumbrellar nematocysts patches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639980/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
|
||
). This is not necessary a significant difference.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[832,985,1231,1255]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref69791" refString="Kramp P. L. 1957. Hydromedusae from the Discovery collections. Discovery Reports 29: 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="1957">Kramp (1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[1003,1058,1232,1256]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" pagination="305 - 366" refId="ref69901" refString="Kramp P. L. 1962. Medusae of Vietnam. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i KObenhavn 124: 305 - 366." type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) found the blastostyles in every possible position along the radial canals, this in various populations from the Pacifc (identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1317,1421,1296,1319]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1317,1421,1296,1319]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">P. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). He regarded this variation as without any systematic importance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,527,1672]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Uchida & Sugiura" box="[832,1124,1392,1416]" firstAuthor="Uchida" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" pagination="347 - 354" refId="ref75734" refString="Uchida T., Sugiura Y. 1975. On the formation of medusa buds in Proboscidactyla ornata. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 22 (5): 347 - 354." type="journal article" year="1975">Uchida & Sugiura (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined the medusa bud development in a Japanese form of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1220,1319,1425,1448]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1220,1319,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">P. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and found that the position of the blastostyles is variable, depending on the developmental age (size) of the medusa. Smaller ones had them at the corners of the stomach, larger ones at the branching points. They also found that sexually mature medusae can continue budding medusae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,527,1672]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">
|
||
Although with some hesitation, we therefore referred our medusae to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fewkes" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[959,1253,1648,1672]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gemmifera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[959,1253,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Proboscidactyla gemmifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |